JPH02220992A - Non-powered vehicle and hydraulic driving device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To control the speed in proportion to a load change to restrain the acceleration at a downward slope and reduce the labor at an upward slope by connecting an accumulator tank to a hydraulic circuit connecting a variable capacity hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor operatably in a closed/opened circuit, and transmitting the hydraulic motor to driving wheels. CONSTITUTION:A variable capacity hydraulic pump 2 provided in a car body and driven to be rotated by the manual force and a hydraulic motor 3 driven by that pump are connected by a hydraulic circuit operatably in a closed/opened circuit. An accumulator tank 5 is connected to the hydraulic circuit so as to be possible to accumulate the operating oil pressure in the exhaust side of the hydraulic motor 3 and possible to discharge to a discharge side of the variable capacity hydraulic pump 2, and an output shaft of the hydraulic motor 3 is transmitted to a rotary shaft of driving wheels. As a result, the automatic control of speed in proportion to a load change is possible with the same leg power without the complicated switching operation for speed change, and the energy of the tare weight lowering at a downward slope is storaged as a power source of be discharged at an upward slope, and the acceleration at a downward slope is restrained without braking, and the labor at an upward slope can be reduced.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field 1] The present invention relates to improvements in non-motorized vehicles, such as bicycles, which are driven by human power without having a prime mover, and a hydraulic drive device for driving the non-motorized vehicles. [Conventional technology 1] A non-powered person, such as a bicycle, that is driven by human power, usually rotates the drive shaft with the force of stepping on the pedal, and transfers the rotational force to the drive wheel using a mechanical transmission mechanism. It has a structure that allows driving to be carried out by transmitting the information to the vehicle. For when the load is heavy, such as when pitching, some gears are built in, but many gears are used in the mechanical transmission mechanism between the drive shaft and the drive wheels, which are rotated by the force of the legs. It incorporates a mechanical multi-stage transmission mechanism that changes the combined transmission ratio. [Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] The above-mentioned non-powered vehicle is configured to directly transmit the rotational power obtained by human power to the drive wheels via a mechanical transmission mechanism, so that it can handle loads such as when pitching. When the speed change is large, even in the case where a transmission is incorporated, a large amount of labor is required and it is extremely tiring, and the switching operation of the transmission is troublesome. Moreover, when descending, the speed increases due to the energy of descending due to its own weight, so there is a problem that the vehicle cannot safely descend the slope unless the vehicle accelerates by constantly applying the brakes. The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems that have arisen in conventional non-powered vehicles such as bicycles. The speed can be automatically controlled in proportion to the weight of the rider, and the energy from the fall of the rider's weight when dismounting is stored as a power source to be released when climbing up, so that the acceleration caused by the drop of the rider's weight when dismounting is controlled by the brakes. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new means for reducing the amount of effort required during pitching.

[Means for Solving the Problem 1] In the present invention, as a means for achieving this object, a variable displacement hydraulic pump that is driven and rotated by human power provided on the vehicle body and a hydraulic motor driven by the variable displacement hydraulic pump are provided. A pressure accumulating tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit so as to be operable in closed circuit and open circuit, and a pressure accumulating tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit to enable accumulation of hydraulic oil pressure on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor, and to enable accumulation of hydraulic oil pressure on the discharge side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump. The present invention proposes a non-powered vehicle in which the output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the drive wheel of the vehicle body so that pressure can be released. [Example] Next, an example will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a side view of the entire bicycle A, which is a non-powered vehicle in which the present invention can be implemented. The case that houses the tank, control valve mechanism, etc. is shown. The vehicle body l has a rear wheel 1 serving as a driving wheel on the rear end side of the frame 1a.
0, and a support frame 12 that pivots on the front end side and supports a front wheel 11, which is a steering wheel, in a rotatable manner.
A handle 13 is provided at the upper end of the support frame 12, and a seat 14 is provided on the upper surface side of the front and rear intermediate portions of the frame 1a. A drive shaft S is rotatably supported on the lower end side of the front and rear intermediate portions by left and right bevels 15 formed in the shape of crank arms. Figure 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram, in which 2 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump, 3 is a hydraulic motor, 5 is a pressure storage tank, 6 is a safety valve, 7 is a hydraulic oil tank, 8 is a pilot/pilot switching valve, 9 indicates a manual switching valve. As shown in FIG. 3, the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is a normal type in which the discharge amount is changed by changing the angle of the controller 20 (side panel). A hydraulic cylinder 2 connected to a circuit section on the discharge side of a hydraulic pump 2 via a pilot circuit 21
Two pistons 220 are connected via a return spring 23. The variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is arranged at the portion of the frame la of the vehicle body l described above where the bevels 15, 15 are provided,
Its cylinder block is fixed and mounted on the frame la, and its input shaft is connected to the drive shaft S which rotates under the pressure of the pedals 15-15, and the pedals 15-15 are rotated in the normal rotation direction via a one-way clutch. The variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is connected so as to be directly connected to the vehicle body 1, and the position where it is attached to the vehicle body 1 is arbitrary. In addition, the input shaft of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 can be connected to the drive shaft S rotated by the shafts 15, 15 described above, in addition to the case where the input shaft is directly connected to the shaft, the case where the input shaft is connected via a transmission gear that increases the speed, and the case where the input shaft is connected through a transmission gear that increases the speed. It may also be conducted through Che7. Its input shaft or beta 1
In some cases, a flywheel is attached to the drive shaft S that rotates due to tread pressure of 5.15. The hydraulic motor 3 is a normal constant-displacement hydraulic motor with a constant amount of oil discharged per revolution, and is arranged near the rotation axis of the rear wheel 10, which is a drive wheel supported on the frame 1a of the vehicle body 1. , its cylinder block is fixed to the frame 1a, and its output shaft is connected directly or through a transmission gear to the rotating shaft of the rear wheel 10, thereby driving the rear wheel 10. Note that this hydraulic motor 3 may be provided on the front wheel 11 side so as to drive the rotation shaft of the front wheel 11, or may be provided on the rotation shafts of both the front wheel 11 and the rear wheel 10, respectively. As shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic motor 3 and the above-mentioned variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 drive the hydraulic oil supplied from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 to drive and rotate the hydraulic motor 3, so that the hydraulic motor 3 and the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 are again operated with variable displacement. It is connected to the hydraulic pump 2 via a hydraulic circuit a for circulation, and as shown in FIG. -1, the inflow side of the pressure accumulator tank 5 is set to the hydraulic oil pressure of the circuit section a-3 on the discharge port side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 as a pilot pressure, and as the pilot pressure decreases, the pressure is automatically set to the discharge side of the hydraulic motor 3. It is connected to the circuit section a-2 on the suction side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 of the hydraulic circuit a. 1 hydraulic oil tank 7 is connected via a confluence pipe 70 and a connection circuit 71. The hydraulic oil tank 7 and the above-mentioned pressure accumulation tank 5 are connected to the discharge side of the above-mentioned variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 via a connection circuit 72, a connection circuit 51, a manual switching valve 9, and a connection circuit 90 connected thereto. In the circuit section a-3 of
They are connected so that they are switched alternately and communicated. Further, the pressure accumulation tank 5 and the hydraulic oil tank 7 are communicated with each other via a safety valve 6. These pressure accumulator tank 5, hydraulic oil tank 7, pilot switching valve 8, manual switching valve 9, etc. may be installed at desired locations on the vehicle body 1, but in the illustrated embodiment, they are installed at desired locations on the vehicle body 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a flat can-shaped case 4 that constitutes a part of the frame 1a that pivotally supports the rear wheel 10 is assembled on the rear half side, and a hydraulic oil tank is installed inside the case 4. 7, a pilot switching valve 8, a hydraulic circuit a, etc., a hollow loading platform 4a is integrally and continuously formed on the upper surface of the rear end side of the case 4, and a pressure accumulating tank 5 is stored in the loading platform 4a. ing. In this embodiment, the case 4 and the loading platform 4a may themselves constitute the hydraulic oil tank 7 and the pressure accumulation tank 5, and the manual switching valve 9 has its operating lever 9a mounted on a stool. It is assembled at a part near the seat 14 on the upper side of the case 4 so that a driver sitting astride the seat 14 can operate it. In this case, 1 the operating lever 9a of the manual switching valve 9
A link AM mechanism such as a release wire may be connected to the control lever to guide it to a control lever provided at an appropriate position on the vehicle body 1, such as near the grip portion 130 of the handlebar 13, and the control lever may be used for remote control. . In the illustrated embodiment, reference numeral 40 indicates a cap for injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil tank 7 provided in the case 4. Reference numeral 41 indicates a cap for the injection port 40, and reference numeral 16 indicates a cap for injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil tank 7 provided in the case 4. A brake lever provided on the lower surface side of the grip portion 130 of the handle 13 is shown to operate the brake provided as shown in FIG. The embodiment device constructed in this manner operates as follows. [When traveling on level ground 1 When traveling on level ground, the connection circuit 51 on the discharge side of the pressure accumulator tank 5 is connected to the connection circuit 90 via the switching valve 9 as shown in FIG. However, the connection circuit 72 of the hydraulic oil tank 7 is kept in a state where it is cut off by the switching valve 9. In this state, when the pedals 15, 15 are pressed, the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 provided in the vehicle body 1 is activated, and the pressurized hydraulic oil is discharged to the discharge side circuit section a-3, and the hydraulic motor 3 is activated. Drive. As a result, the rear wheels 10, which are driving wheels, are driven to rotate, and the vehicle body 1 travels. At this time, the pilot circuit 80 of the pilot switching valve 8 communicates with the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side of the hydraulic circuit a, so that the hydraulic fluid discharged into the circuit section a-3 is controlled. The pressure is changed to the state shown in FIG. 3 using the pilot pressure. Therefore, the circuit section a- on the discharge side from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2
Hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 3 through the hydraulic motor 3 and discharged from the hydraulic motor 3 to the discharge side circuit section a-1.
The connection with the pressure accumulation tank 5 is cut off by the pilot switching valve 8, and the circuit section a-2 on the suction side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2
, and returns to the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 through the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side of the hydraulic pump 2, the circuit section a-1 on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor 3, and the circuit section a on the suction side of the hydraulic pump 2.
-2 and circulates in the hydraulic circuit a formed into a closed circuit. In this state, the controller 20 of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 causes the piston 220 to operate using the pressure of the hydraulic oil flowing through the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side between the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic motor 3 as a pilot pressure. Since the piston 220 is connected to the piston 220 and is held at a position where the thrust Fl due to the pilot pressure and the reaction force F2 of the return spring 23 are balanced, the discharge side circuit section a-3 When the pressure of the hydraulic oil increases and the pilot pressure in the pilot circuit 21 becomes high, the piston 220 is pushed to the side that compresses the return spring 23 and the pump capacity of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is decreased. I started to balance by moving the controller 20,
The hydraulic oil discharged to the discharge side circuit section a-3 acts so that the product of pressure and flow rate is always the same, thereby establishing a continuously variable transmission mechanism. Therefore, while pedaling the pedals 15-15 with the same pedal force, the speed is automatically controlled in proportion to the load variation. [When dismounting (when accumulating pressure)] Next, when the speed is automatically controlled as described above, when going down a slope, the downward energy of the vehicle body and the driver's own weight causes the vehicle body to l
If it starts running. As a result, the hydraulic motor 3 provided on the rear wheel 10 is driven from the side of the rotating rear wheel 10. Then, the hydraulic oil in the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side between the hydraulic motor 3 and the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is transferred to the hydraulic motor 3.
As a result, the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side decreases, and the pilot pressure in the pilot circuit 80 of the pilot switching valve 8 decreases.
As shown in FIG. 4, the pilot switching valve 8 is automatically switched to a position that connects the circuit section a-1 on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor 2 and the connection circuit 50 on the inflow side of the pressure accumulator tank 5. Due to the rotation of the hydraulic motor 3 driven by the downward energy of the vehicle body 1, the hydraulic oil is sucked from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 side, pressurized to the discharge side circuit part a-1, and discharged. It comes to be pushed into the tank 5. At this time, if the manual switching valve 9 is switched to the position where the connection circuit 51 on the discharge side of the pressure accumulation tank 5 is cut off as shown in FIG. Hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic motor 3, which operates as a hydraulic pump, is forced into the pressure storage tank 5, compresses the pressure storage chamber 5a, and stores pressure in the pressure storage chamber 5a. At the same time, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 7 is extracted to the hydraulic circuit a. Therefore, the hydraulic oil in one hydraulic oil tank 7 is pushed into the pressure accumulator tank 5 by the operation of the hydraulic motor 3 as a hydraulic pump, and the pressure is stored in the pressure accumulator tank 5. Since this pressure accumulation operation acts as a brake on the running of the vehicle body 1, the acceleration of the vehicle body 1 is suppressed and maintained at a safe running speed even without applying the brakes. This pressure accumulation operation is performed while the vehicle body 1 is running by inertia.
Since it will be done continuously, even when driving on flat ground,
When applying the brakes, by switching the manual switching valve 9 to the state shown in FIG. 4, the load of the pressure accumulation operation can be used to apply braking to the vehicle body 1. However, when the slope is long and downhill, the amount of hydraulic fluid pushed into the pressure storage tank 5 may exceed the capacity of the pressure storage tank 5. At this time, the excess hydraulic oil flows out from the pressure accumulation tank 5 to the hydraulic oil tank 7 by the operation of the safety valve 6, and from there returns to the hydraulic circuit a to be circulated again. [When climbing a hill (when releasing pressure)] When climbing a hill, the manual switching valve 9 is switched to the position shown in FIGS. 5 and 3. As a result, the pressure of the hydraulic oil stored in the pressure storage tank 5 is released to the circuit section a-3 on the discharge side between the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic motor 3, and the hydraulic oil is used to increase the hydraulic pressure. The motor 3 is driven and rotated, and the vehicle body 1 is driven to travel. That is, the vehicle body 1 is driven to travel by releasing the pressure stored in the pressure storage tank 5. At this time, the pilot pressure in the viroft circuit 8 of the pilot switching valve 8 becomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied from the pressure accumulation tank 5 to the discharge side circuit part a-3, so that the pilot switching valve 8 is operated at the fifth
As shown in the figure, the discharge side circuit section a-1 of the hydraulic motor 3 is connected to the suction side circuit section a-2 of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2.
Since the hydraulic motor 3 is automatically switched to the position where it is connected, the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic motor 3 is also returned to the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2. Therefore, when driving the vehicle body 1 by releasing pressure from the pressure accumulator tank 5, if the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 is driven by pedals 15, 15 in the same way as when driving on flat ground, the pressure accumulator tank 5
Both the hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic fluid discharged from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 are fed, reducing the pressure accumulated in the pressure accumulating tank 5 while reducing the driver's pedal effort necessary for climbing. It becomes possible to extend the energy retention time. In the illustrated embodiment, the pilot switching valve 8 may be a manual switching valve. Further, the variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 may be a normal hydraulic pump whose displacement does not change. In this case, it is not possible to automatically control the speed in response to load fluctuations when driving on flat ground. As explained above, in the non-powered vehicle according to the present invention, a variable capacity hydraulic pump provided on the vehicle body and driven and rotated by human power and a hydraulic motor driven by the pump are connected by a hydraulic circuit so as to be operable in a closed circuit or an open circuit. A pressure accumulating tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit in a manner that enables accumulation of hydraulic oil pressure on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor and release of pressure to the discharge side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump. Since the output shaft is configured to transmit power to the rotating shaft of the vehicle's drive wheels, the speed can be automatically controlled in proportion to load fluctuations with the same pedal effort, without the need for troublesome shifting operations. At the same time, the energy of the drop of dead weight when dismounting the board is stored as a power source to be released when climbing the board, so that the acceleration due to the drop of dead weight when dismounting the board is suppressed without using the brakes. It becomes possible to reduce labor. Further, the hydraulic drive device for a non-powered vehicle according to the present invention includes a hydraulic pump that is driven and rotated by human power, a hydraulic motor that is driven by pressurized hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump, and hydraulic fluid that circulates between them. With the hydraulic circuit connected like this,
A hydraulic oil tank connected to the hydraulic circuit, a pressure accumulator tank whose inflow side is connected to the discharge side circuit section of the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic circuit via a switching valve, and a pressure accumulation tank whose discharge side is connected to the hydraulic circuit section on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor. It consists of a switching valve that freely communicates with the circuit between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, and transmits the output shaft of the hydraulic motor to the rotating shaft of the drive wheel. Although it is not possible to automatically control the speed in response to load fluctuations when driving on flat ground, the pressure stored when descending is released to drive the drive wheels when climbing, reducing the effort required for climbing. Acceleration when dismounting is suppressed by pressure accumulation, and when the brakes are applied to stop inertia, the inertia can be stored as energy that can be released at any time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a non-powered vehicle in which the present invention can be implemented. Figure t52 is a rear view of the same as the above, Figure 3 is a developed view of the hydraulic circuit of the same, and Figures 4 and 5 are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the same. Explanation of drawing symbols A...Bicycle Fl...Thrust a...Hydraulic circuit a-1, a-2@l...Vehicle body 10...Rear wheel 12...Support frame 14...Stool 16...Brake lever a-3...Circuit part la...Frame it...Front wheel 13...Handle 15...Left and right bevels 130...Grip part S...Drive shaft F2... ... Reaction force 2 ... Variable displacement hydraulic pump 20 ... Controller 21 ... Pilot circuit 23 ... Return spring 3 ... Hydraulic motor 4a ... Loading platform 41 ... Cap 5a ... Pressure accumulation Chamber 6...Safety valve 70...Merge pipe 8...Pilot switching valve 80...Pilot circuit 9...Manual switching valve 90...Connection circuit 22...Hydraulic cylinder 220...Piston 4 ...Case 40...Inlet 5...Pressure tank 50 Fist 51...Connection circuit 7...Hydraulic oil tank 71, 72...Connection circuit 9a...Operating lever diagram

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A variable capacity hydraulic pump that is driven and rotated by human power installed on the vehicle body and a hydraulic motor that is driven by the pump.
A pressure accumulating tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit so as to be operable in closed circuit and open circuit, and a pressure accumulating tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit to enable accumulation of hydraulic oil pressure on the discharge side of the hydraulic motor, and to enable accumulation of hydraulic oil pressure on the discharge side of the variable displacement hydraulic pump. A non-powered vehicle that is connected to allow pressure relief and transmits the output shaft of its hydraulic motor to the rotating shaft of the drive wheels of the vehicle body. (2) A hydraulic pump that is driven and rotated by human power, a hydraulic motor that is driven by pressurized hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump, a hydraulic circuit that connects them so that the hydraulic oil circulates, and the hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic oil tank connected thereto, a pressure accumulation tank whose inflow side is connected to the discharge side circuit section of the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic circuit via a switching valve, and a pressure accumulation tank whose inflow side is connected to the discharge side circuit section of the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic circuit, and a pressure accumulation tank whose discharge side is connected to the aforementioned hydraulic pump of the hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic drive for a non-powered vehicle, comprising: a switching valve for freely switching communication with a circuit between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic motor, and transmitting the output shaft of the hydraulic motor to the rotating shaft of the drive wheel. Device. (3) The hydraulic drive system for a non-powered vehicle according to claim (2), wherein the hydraulic pump is a variable displacement hydraulic pump operated by a controller using the hydraulic oil pressure in the circuit section on the discharge side of the hydraulic pump as a pilot pressure. (4) The switching valve installed between the discharge side circuit of the hydraulic motor and the inflow side of the pressure storage tank is a pilot switching valve that operates using the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor as pilot pressure. The hydraulic drive device for a non-powered vehicle according to claim 2. (5) A hydraulic drive system for a non-powered vehicle according to claim (2), wherein a hydraulic oil tank is connected to the hydraulic circuit, and the hydraulic oil tank and the pressure accumulation tank are connected via a safety valve. (6) A switching valve is provided between the discharge side of the pressure storage tank and the hydraulic circuit, so that the hydraulic oil tank is alternately switched with the pressure storage tank and connected between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic drive device for a non-powered vehicle according to claim (2).