JPH02181787A - Musical instrument made of ceramics - Google Patents
Musical instrument made of ceramicsInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02181787A JPH02181787A JP1002376A JP237689A JPH02181787A JP H02181787 A JPH02181787 A JP H02181787A JP 1002376 A JP1002376 A JP 1002376A JP 237689 A JP237689 A JP 237689A JP H02181787 A JPH02181787 A JP H02181787A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sintered body
- resin
- musical instrument
- impregnated
- ceramics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
- G10D9/08—Material for manufacturing wind musical instruments; Treatment of the material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は、セラミックス焼結体にて形成される木管楽
器等の楽器に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to musical instruments such as woodwind instruments formed of ceramic sintered bodies.
（従来技術及びその課題）
従来、クラリネット等の木管楽器は主として木製品であ
り、割れ、ヒビ等が永年使用により生ずることがあり、
又、音が割れて楽器としての不具合が生ずる場合がある
という問題点があった。(Prior art and its problems) Traditionally, woodwind instruments such as clarinet are mainly made of wood, and cracks and cracks may occur due to long-term use.
Additionally, there is a problem in that the sound may be distorted, causing problems as a musical instrument.
（課題を解決するための手段）
本発明は上記従来の問題点に鑑み案出したものであって
、音の割れ等が生ずることがなく、又、ヒビ等が生じな
い良好なセラミックス製楽器を提供せんことを目的とし
、その要旨は、切削加工性を有するセラミックス焼結体
に樹脂を含浸させた素材にて形成したことである。。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a good ceramic musical instrument that does not cause cracks or the like. The gist is that it is made of a material in which a ceramic sintered body that has machinability is impregnated with resin. .
（作用）
楽器はセラミックス焼結体に樹脂を含浸させた素材にて
形成したものであるため、セラミックス焼結体の有する
耐熱性及び耐久性を備え、かつ樹脂が含浸されているこ
とにより楽器として好ましい非吸水性、非通気性を呈し
、従来の木製楽器に比しセラミックス独特の音色を有し
、かつ従来のような音の割れ等が生ずることのない良好
な楽器となる。(Function) Since the musical instrument is made of a ceramic sintered body impregnated with resin, it has the heat resistance and durability of a ceramic sintered body, and because it is impregnated with resin, it can be used as a musical instrument. The result is a good musical instrument that exhibits desirable non-water absorption and air permeability, has a tone unique to ceramics compared to conventional wooden musical instruments, and does not suffer from the cracking of the sound as in conventional instruments.
（発明の構成の詳細な説明）
本発明はセラミックス焼結体の有する独特な音色に着目
し、楽器素材としての有用性を実現させたものである。(Detailed Description of the Structure of the Invention) The present invention focuses on the unique tone of a ceramic sintered body and realizes its usefulness as a material for musical instruments.
例えば対象となる楽器として、クラリネット。For example, the clarinet is an applicable instrument.
才オボエ、フルート、ピッコロ、フォゴット等の木管楽
器、その他、バイオリン等の弦楽器が対象となる。This applies to woodwind instruments such as the oboe, flute, piccolo, and fogot, as well as stringed instruments such as the violin.
これらの楽器の素材となるセラミックス焼結体は、第２
図の１．２．３．４．５．６．７で囲ま：ｔ’ＬるＣａ
Ｏ，Ｓ ｉ Ｏ，、ＭｇＯを組成とするセラミックス焼
結体が好ましい。The ceramic sintered bodies that are the raw materials for these musical instruments are
Boxed in Figure 1.2.3.4.5.6.7: t'LCa
A ceramic sintered body having a composition of O, S i O, and MgO is preferable.
尚、第２図中における前記１〜７の各点は同図内で表に
示す組成の点である。即ち、このセラミックス焼結体は
、前記第２図における点１、点２、点３、点４、点５、
点６、点７で囲まれるＣａｏ、Ｓｔｏｗ、ＭｇＯの組成
となるように配合し、これを１２００℃を越え１３５０
℃以下の温度で焼成したものであり、前記ＣａＯ及び５
ｉＯ１の原料としては天然岩しくは人工のβＣａＯ・８
１０ ｍ、例えば珪石灰、ゾノトライトを用いることが
でき、又、前記ＭｇＯの原料としてはタルク、ドロマイ
ト、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグ
ネシウムを使用することができる。これらの原料は針状
、板状結晶が破壊されない程度に十分に粉砕、混合、含
水調節した後に、型内で楽器の外観形状に形成され、そ
の後に焼成されるものである。Note that each of the points 1 to 7 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the composition shown in the table in the same figure. That is, this ceramic sintered body has points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 2 in FIG.
Blended so that it has a composition of Cao, Stow, and MgO surrounded by points 6 and 7, and
It is fired at a temperature of ℃ or less, and the CaO and 5
Natural rock or artificial βCaO・8 is used as a raw material for iO1.
10 m, for example, silica lime or xonotrite, and as the raw material for the MgO, talc, dolomite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, or magnesium oxide can be used. These raw materials are crushed, mixed, and hydrated sufficiently so that the needle-like and plate-like crystals are not destroyed, then formed into the external shape of a musical instrument in a mold, and then fired.
第１図にはセラミック焼成体にて形成されるクラリネッ
トの外観一部断面図を示す。FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of the external appearance of a clarinet made of a fired ceramic body.
尚、クラリネットの内部及び外周囲の細部は、超硬工具
等を使用した旋盤、その他の工作機械により切削加工し
て形成されるものであり、前記Ｃａｏ−ＭｇＯ−３ｉ
Ｏ！系セラミック焼結体は非常に切削加工性が良好なも
のとなっている。The details of the inside and outer periphery of the clarinet are formed by cutting with a lathe or other machine tool using carbide tools, etc.
O! The ceramic sintered body has very good machinability.
即ち、上記原料中におけるβワラストナイト（βＣａＯ
−８ｉＯｘ）は三斜晶系の板状に発達した結晶の集合体
であり、優れた切削加工性を有するものである。しかし
、このβＣａＯ−８ｉＯ８は焼成を１２００℃以上で行
なうと単斜晶系のαワラストナイトが晶出し、切削性が
損なわれることとなるため、前記ＭｇＯを加えてβワラ
ストナイトからαワラストナイトへの転移温度を上げ、
高温で切削加工性を良好化させて焼成したものである。That is, β-wollastonite (βCaO
-8iOx) is an aggregate of triclinic crystals developed into a plate shape, and has excellent machinability. However, if this βCaO-8iO8 is fired at 1200°C or higher, monoclinic α-wollastonite will crystallize and machinability will be impaired. Raise the transition temperature to last night,
It is fired at high temperature to improve machinability.
尚、ＭｇＯの量が多すぎると焼結体の硬度が高くなりす
ぎ切削加工性が低下することとなるため、前述した如く
、第２図の点１〜７で囲まれる組成配合よりなるセラミ
ックス焼結体が好ましいのである。尚、それ程の強度を
必要としない時には低温で焼結したＣａＯ−９ｉＯｔ系
のセラミックス焼結体を用いることもできる。In addition, if the amount of MgO is too large, the hardness of the sintered body becomes too high and the machinability decreases. Consolidation is preferred. Incidentally, when such strength is not required, a CaO-9iOt ceramic sintered body sintered at a low temperature can also be used.
このように所定の形状に焼成形成されたセラミックス焼
結体を真空装置内に入れて、この真空装置内へ液体の樹
脂を流し、真空装置内で前記セラミックス焼結体内に樹
脂を良好に含浸させることができる。例えば樹脂として
、ポリメチルメタアクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）、シリコン
等を用いることができる。The ceramic sintered body thus fired and formed into a predetermined shape is placed in a vacuum device, and a liquid resin is flowed into the vacuum device to satisfactorily impregnate the resin into the ceramic sintered body within the vacuum device. be able to. For example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), silicon, etc. can be used as the resin.
このように前記セラミックス焼結体内に樹脂を含浸させ
ることにより、セラミックス焼結体内に形成されている
気孔が樹脂により埋まり、セラミックス焼結体から吸水
性９通気性が失われて曲げ強度が大となり、耐振性が極
めて向上されたものとなる。By impregnating the ceramic sintered body with the resin in this way, the pores formed inside the ceramic sintered body are filled with the resin, and the water absorbency 9 air permeability is lost from the ceramic sintered body, increasing the bending strength. , vibration resistance is greatly improved.
このように樹脂を含浸させた後に、適宜旋盤等の工作機
械を用いて第１図に示す断面形状のフラノネットに仕上
げることができ、前述した如く、セラミックス焼結体は
切削加工性が良好であるため、ヒビ割れ、欠損等が生じ
ることなく自由に穿孔、溝掘り等の加工ができ、特にク
ラリネットの内部内壁面等の面積度等を良好に向上させ
て仕上げることができる。After being impregnated with resin in this way, a flanone net having the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 1 can be finished using an appropriate machine tool such as a lathe.As mentioned above, the ceramic sintered body has good machinability. Therefore, processing such as drilling and grooving can be freely performed without causing cracks, defects, etc., and in particular, it is possible to finish the clarinet with a good improvement in the area of the inner wall surface, etc.
このように切削加工性が良好であるため、精度良くクラ
リネット等の楽器を成形することができ、又、セラミッ
クス焼結体の独特の音色を有する楽器として仕上げるこ
とができるとともに、耐久性に優れた楽器とすることが
できる。又、前記含浸する樹脂に着色しておけば、例え
ば楽器全体を木の色とすることもでき、その他、好みに
応じた色調の楽器とすることができ、楽器としてのファ
ツション性をも良好に演出することが可能である。Because of its good machinability, it is possible to mold musical instruments such as clarinet with high precision, and it is also possible to finish musical instruments with the unique tone of ceramic sintered bodies, as well as to have excellent durability. It can be a musical instrument. Furthermore, if the resin to be impregnated is colored, the entire musical instrument can be made the color of wood, for example, or the musical instrument can be made in any other color tone according to one's taste, and the fashionability of the musical instrument can also be improved. It is possible to perform.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) The present invention will be explained in detail below.
先ず、ゾノライト１００重量部及びタルク１０重量部（
ＣａＯ：４４重量％、Ｓｔｏｗ：５３重量％、ＭｇＯ：
３重量％）をアイリッヒミキサーで５分間乾式混合し、
外割りで１６重量％の水を添加して２４時間密封した状
態で放置して、含水調節して得られた原料混合物を、ク
ラリネットの成形型内に入れて４５０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ″で
形成し、形成体を８０℃で２４時間乾燥した後焼成した
。焼成は室温から１０℃／分で１２５０℃まで昇温した
後、１２５０℃にて６０分間行ない、その後に電気炉内
で放冷して室温まで降温した。First, 100 parts by weight of zonolite and 10 parts by weight of talc (
CaO: 44% by weight, Stow: 53% by weight, MgO:
3% by weight) was dry mixed for 5 minutes with an Eirich mixer,
The raw material mixture obtained by adding 16% by weight of water and leaving it in a sealed state for 24 hours to adjust the moisture content was placed in a clarinet mold and formed at 450 kgf/cm''. The body was dried at 80°C for 24 hours and then fired.The firing was carried out at 1250°C from room temperature at a rate of 10°C/min for 60 minutes, and then allowed to cool in an electric furnace to room temperature. The temperature has dropped.
このようにして得られた焼結体は組成がＭｇを固溶した
βワラストナイト（βＣａＯ・５ｉＯ２）であり、吸水
率は１０．３％で、切削性は極めて良好であった。又、
曲げ強度は５００ ｋｇｆ／ａｎ：であった。The sintered body thus obtained had a composition of β-wollastonite (βCaO·5iO2) containing Mg as a solid solution, had a water absorption rate of 10.3%, and had extremely good machinability. or,
The bending strength was 500 kgf/an.
このような焼結体を真空装置内に封入し、真空装置内に
ＰＭＭＡを流し込み、このＰＭＭＡを真空装置内で焼結
体内に含浸させた。この含浸状態においては前記焼結体
の吸水率及び通気率はほぼゼロであり、吸水性２通気性
が消失したことが証明された。Such a sintered body was sealed in a vacuum device, and PMMA was poured into the vacuum device to impregnate the sintered body with this PMMA. In this impregnated state, the water absorption rate and air permeability of the sintered body were almost zero, proving that water absorbency and air permeability had disappeared.
このようにして得られた素材を旋盤にかけ、超硬工具の
ドリルで中グリ加工し、かつ外周を切削加工して、第１
図に示すようなりラリネットを得ることができた。The material thus obtained was placed on a lathe, bored with a drill using a carbide tool, and the outer periphery was cut.
I was able to obtain a larinet as shown in the figure.
（発明の効果）
本発明のセラミックス製楽器は、切削加工性を有するセ
ラミックス焼結体に樹脂を含浸させた素材にて形成した
ことにより、造形後に任意の形状に切削加工して面精度
の良好な楽器を得ることができ、楽器を容易に製作する
ことが可能となる効果を有する。(Effects of the Invention) The ceramic musical instrument of the present invention is made of a resin-impregnated ceramic sintered body that has machinability, so it can be cut into any shape after being formed and has good surface accuracy. This has the effect that a musical instrument can be obtained and the musical instrument can be manufactured easily.
又、製作された楽器は素材がセラミックス焼結体である
ため、セラミックス焼結体特有の音色を発する音域の良
好な楽器とすることができ、従来の木製楽器等に比し、
割れ、ヒビ等が生じない耐久性の大なる楽器とし得る効
果を有する。In addition, since the manufactured musical instrument is made of ceramic sintered compact, it can be made into a musical instrument with a good range that emits the tone unique to ceramic sintered compact, and compared to conventional wooden instruments, etc.
This has the effect of making it a highly durable musical instrument that does not suffer from cracks or cracks.
きらに樹脂に着色することにより種々色彩を呈する楽器
を得ることができる派生的な効果をも有する。By coloring the resin, it also has the secondary effect of producing musical instruments that exhibit various colors.
第１図はクラリネットの一部断面外観図、第２図はＣａ
０−Ｓ ｉ Ｏｘ−Ｍｇ０３成分系図である。Figure 1 is a partially cross-sectional external view of a clarinet, Figure 2 is a Ca
0-S i Ox-Mg03 component family tree.
Claims (1)
せた素材にて形成したことを特徴とするセラミックス製
楽器。A ceramic musical instrument characterized by being formed from a material in which a ceramic sintered body having machinability is impregnated with resin.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1002376A JPH02181787A (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-01-09 | Musical instrument made of ceramics |
| EP89313153A EP0377980B1 (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-12-15 | Musical instruments comprising ceramic-resin composites |
| DE89313153T DE68909204D1 (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-12-15 | Musical instruments containing ceramic resin compositions. |
| AT89313153T ATE94676T1 (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-12-15 | MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS CONTAINING CERAMIC-RESIN COMPOSITIONS. |
| EP19900300215 EP0379291A3 (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1990-01-09 | Rotary valves for brass wind instruments |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1002376A JPH02181787A (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-01-09 | Musical instrument made of ceramics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02181787A true JPH02181787A (en) | 1990-07-16 |
Family
ID=11527529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1002376A Pending JPH02181787A (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1989-01-09 | Musical instrument made of ceramics |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0377980B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02181787A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE94676T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68909204D1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19956881B4 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2005-01-27 | Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen Gmbh | Organ pipes and method of making organ pipes |
| KR100707660B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2007-04-13 | 가부시기가이샤 이낙스 | Method for production of ceramic product and ceramic product |
| CN104347054A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Wind instrument bell, wind instrument and ring |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29613931U1 (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1996-10-02 | Langhammer, Norbert, 77652 Offenburg | String instrument, especially guitar |
| DE10051700A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-05-02 | Synotec Psychoinformatik Gmbh | Labial or lingual pipe for organ is made partly o f fiber composite material including textile. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56127901A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-10-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Nonresonance turntable sheet |
| US4308784A (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-01-05 | Eizonas Thomas S | Ceramic parts for stringed musical instruments |
-
1989
- 1989-01-09 JP JP1002376A patent/JPH02181787A/en active Pending
- 1989-12-15 EP EP89313153A patent/EP0377980B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-15 AT AT89313153T patent/ATE94676T1/en active
- 1989-12-15 DE DE89313153T patent/DE68909204D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100707660B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2007-04-13 | 가부시기가이샤 이낙스 | Method for production of ceramic product and ceramic product |
| DE19956881B4 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2005-01-27 | Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen Gmbh | Organ pipes and method of making organ pipes |
| CN104347054A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Wind instrument bell, wind instrument and ring |
| US9653051B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2017-05-16 | Yamaha Corporation | Wind instrument bell, wind instrument and ring |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE68909204D1 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
| EP0377980B1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| EP0377980A2 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
| EP0377980A3 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| ATE94676T1 (en) | 1993-10-15 |
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