JPH0158016B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for selecting drilling tools in automatic programming, and in particular, the name of the machining process in which the tool can be used and the tool shape data of the tool are determined in advance for each tool. is registered in the memory, and when the maximum diameter of the drill to be drilled in the i-th drill (i = 1, 2, ...) is x _i , the correspondence between i and x _i is set in advance, and the specified The present invention relates to a drilling tool selection method that can automatically select an i-th drilling tool from the final part shape data, the tool shape data, and the correspondence relationship.

<Prior Art> An automatic programming device has been put into practical use that inputs data interactively using a graphic display screen and creates NC tapes with simple operations from a design screen. According to this automatic programming device, the machined shape can be input simply by pressing the shape symbol key on the operation panel that corresponds to the shape of the workpiece described in the design drawing. Further, according to such an automatic programming device, information that can be used as a reference at any given time is graphically displayed on the screen, and since questions are asked in everyday language, dimensions and various data can be input in response to the questions. Furthermore,
Once all the data necessary to create an NC tape is entered, the material shape and processed shape (finished shape) are immediately drawn, automatic calculation of the NC data starts, and the tool path is displayed graphically to create the NC tape. be done. Specifically, the programming method using such an automatic programming device consists of the following steps. That is, (1) material selection step, (2) drawing format selection step, (3) material shape dimension input step, (4) machining shape dimension input step, and (5) machine origin turret. Input the necessary data in the following steps: position input step, (6) process selection step, (7) tool selection step, (8) step to determine machining range and cutting conditions, and (9) step to calculate tool path. and finally
NC data (NC tape) is created. Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of an operation panel used in an NC device with an automatic programming function. (b) a key group 101b used for the automatic programming unit; (c) a key group 101c used for the NC unit; ) I/O selection key group 101d for selecting whether to connect the data input/output device to either the automatic programming unit or the NC unit, and (e) a data input key group 101e commonly used for the automatic programming unit and the NC unit. have. Two-way key 101
a has a FAPT key 101a-1 with a lamp and an NC key 101a-2 with a lamp, and when the FAPT key 101a-1 is pressed, it enters the FAPT mode, the operation panel 101 operates as an automatic programming unit, and the key group 101c is disabled even if pressed, and data input key group 101e operates as an automatic programming unit. On the other hand, NC key 1
Press 01a-2 to enter NC mode and switch to operation panel 1.
01 operates for the NC unit, and key group 10
1b is disabled even if pressed, and the data input key group 101e operates for the NC unit. The key group 101b for automatic programming includes status set keys 101b-1 to 101b-6 for setting various states in automatic programming, work instruction keys 101b-7 to 101b-10, and transfer of NC machining data from the automatic programming unit to the NC unit. It has a transfer key 101b-11 for transfer. In addition, the state set key BACK
Key 101b-1 is a key for returning the cursor when inputting data, WIDE key 101b-2
is a key to enlarge the display... Among the work instruction keys, RO key 101b-7 is a key to instruct automatic programming start and transition to the next step, and R1 key 101b-8 is displayed on the screen in FAPT mode. The R2 key 101b-9 is used to input and output material files and tooling files, and the R3 key 101b-10 is used to cancel automatic programming midway through. This is the key that is pressed. Key group 101 for NC unit
c is various function keys 101c-1 to 101c-
6. Screen page change keys 101c-7 to 101c
-8, cursor movement keys 101c-9 to 101c
-10, and based on the created NC data
Start key 101c-1 to start NC control
1. In addition, OFSET key 101c-1
is used to display and set the offset amount, and the POS
The key 101c-2 is used to display the current position, the PRGRM key 101c-3 is used to display the program contents or the currently executing block and the next block, and the PARAM key 101c-4 is used to display and set parameters. , ALAM key 10
1c-5 is used for displaying the contents of the alarm. Note that all or part of the functions of the key groups 101b and 101c can be used as soft keys on a CRT.
It is also possible to substitute the function by displaying the function on top of the function. The I/O selection key group 101d is
Valid in both FAPT mode and NC mode, FAPT key 1 is used to connect data input/output devices to the automatic programming unit.
01d-1 and an NC key 101d-2 for connecting the data input/output device to the NC unit. The data input/output key group 101e is a key group 101e- used for executing four arithmetic operations and functional operations.
1, and a symbolic key group 101e-2 used for inputting part shapes, numerical values, and alphanumeric values.
and the shift key 1 that is pressed when inputting the alpha alphabet displayed at the bottom right of the key top of each key.
01e-3. Note that the symbolic keys function for numerical input according to the steps of automatic programming.

Now, press the FAPT key 101a-1 to
mode and then press the RO key 101b-7, and an image for selecting automatic programming steps will be displayed on the graphic screen as shown in FIG. 2A. In this state, if you press the numeric 1 key and then the NL key, the name of the material and its menu number will be displayed on the graphic screen as shown in Figure 2B, and a question regarding the material will be displayed. As a result, if the material of the material is aluminum, enter menu number 4 corresponding to the aluminum using the symbolic key, and then
Press the NL key to finish inputting the material.

Next, by pressing the RO key 101b-7, four drawings showing the drawing format and their menu numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 will appear on the graphic screen as shown in Figure 2C.
is displayed, and a prompt to select a coordinate system is displayed. In other words, in the case of turning, the design drawings are written in one of four coordinate systems: the first, second, third, and fourth quadrant, depending on how they are drawn, so the graphical display is A diagram representing each coordinate system is displayed on the screen along with menu numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 representing the corresponding quadrants. Then, when prompted, enter the menu number corresponding to the quadrant in which the parts of the blueprint are represented, then press the NL key to select the coordinate system.

After selecting the coordinate system, press the RO key 101b-7.
When you press , a screen for inputting the material shape and its dimensions will be displayed on the graphic screen as shown in Figure 2 D. While viewing the displayed contents, enter the material shape and its dimensional values L, D, D ₀ and standards. Enter the position of line ZP. In other words, the shape of the material for turning can be broadly classified into round bars, bars with holes, and special shapes (special materials), so their pictures and menu numbers are displayed as shown in Figure 2D, and the displayed material Select one material shape from the shapes by menu number, and then input these dimensions when prompted for the length L, thickness D, hole diameter D ₀ , and reference line position ZP of the material shape. This completes the input of the material shape and dimension values.

Enter the material shape and its dimension values, and press the RO key 1.
When 01b-7 is pressed, the coordinate axes and the material shape are drawn on the graphic display screen, and a question about the machining shape (part shape) is displayed. Therefore, in response to this question, while looking at the design drawing, use the shape symbolic keys (↑, →, ↓, ←,
〓, 〓, 〓, 〓, 〓, 〓), C key to show chamfered part, G key to show groove part, R key to show rounded part, T key to show threaded part, hollow part. Enter the part shape by operating the N key shown. still,
Each time one element of the part shape is input by pressing the shape symbol key, a question about the dimensions of the element is displayed, and in response to the question, the dimensions taken from the design drawing are input. For example, if you press the shape symbolic keys (keys indicated by ↑, →, ↓, ←, 〓, 〓, 〓, 〓) to input a straight line element, the diameter value (DX) at the end point of the straight line, the Z of the end point There are questions such as the value (Z), whether the line touches the previous shape element or the next shape element, and the angle (A) it makes with the Z axis, so the questions are answered on the drawing. Enter dimensions. However, if the specified dimension is not written in the drawing (for example, an angle with the Z axis), press the NL key. In addition, when you press the shape symbol keys (keys indicated by 〓, 〓) to input an arc, the diameter value (DX) of the arc end point, the Z value (Z) of the arc end point, and the shape element that the arc is in front of are displayed. There are questions such as whether it touches the next shape element or the next shape element, the radius of the arc, the coordinate values of each axis of the center of the arc, etc. In response to the questions, input the dimensions written on the drawing. When the input of the part shape and dimensions of all elements is completed, the shape of the processed part is displayed on the graphic display screen as shown in FIG. 2E in accordance with the input part shape and dimensions.

After that, if you press the RO key 101b-7, the positional relationship diagram of the machining shape, turret, and machine origin will be displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2F, and the machine origin and turret rotation position necessary for creating NC data will be displayed. A question will be displayed. Then, by inputting a predetermined numerical value using the shape symbol key in response to the inquiry, the input of the machine origin and the turret rotation position is completed.

When the input of the machine origin and turret rotation position is completed, a question for selecting a machining process is displayed on the graphic display screen as shown in FIG. 2G. In other words, when machining one part with a lathe, the machining steps are (a) center milling, (b) drilling, (c) external rough machining, (d) internal rough machining, (e) external semi-finishing, and (f)
There are internal semi-finishing, (g) external finishing, (g) internal finishing, (li) grooving, and (v) threading, so the names of these machining processes are displayed together with the menu number. Therefore, depending on which machining process is to be performed, input the desired machining process name displayed on the screen as a menu number, and press the NL key.

Next, a question about the tool to be used in the machining process entered above is displayed as shown in FIG. 2H, so the tool number and tool position correction number are input in response to the question. When the tool number and tool position correction number are input, the input data is converted to a T code, and the T code and the tool position correction value for each axis are displayed at the top right of the screen as shown in Figure 2 I. At the same time, a question about the tool shape data is displayed at the bottom of the screen. Then, in response to the question, the tool's cutting edge radius RN, cutting edge angle AC, cutting edge angle AN,
Enter the virtual cutting edge position XN, ZN, cutting edge width WN (grooving tool only), mounting angle AS of the tool on the turret, mounting position XS, ZS. Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the shapes of various tools.The positive direction of the cutting edge angle AC is counterclockwise around the main cutting edge (the thick line in the figure), and the positive direction of the cutting edge angle AN is centered around the main cutting edge. clockwise. Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram of how to attach the tool to the turret during machining.
and the installation position expressed in ZS and XS.
Note that the positive direction of the mounting angle AS is counterclockwise.
Also, TR is the turret, TRC is the center of the turret,
TL is a knife.

When the input of the tool data to be used is completed, a question about the cutting conditions for machining the input machining process is displayed on the graphic display screen as shown in Figure 2 J, and in response to the question, the clearance amount CX, CZ, finishing allowance TX, TZ, depth of cut D, return relief amount U, cutting speed V, feed rate F1,
Enter cutting conditions such as F2 and F3.

When the input of the cutting conditions is completed, a question regarding the cutting direction of the machining process is displayed on the graphic display screen as shown in FIG. 2K. The input step for this cutting direction is (a) as shown in Fig. 5A.
Do you move the tool in the X-axis direction for machining, (b) move the tool in the -Z-axis direction as shown in Figure 5B, or (c) +X
This is a step to decide whether to move the tool in the axial direction or the (d) + Z-axis direction to perform machining. Enter the cutting direction by pressing the ← key for (c), the ↑ key for (d), and the → key for (d).

When the input of the cutting direction is completed, a graphic for determining the area to be machined (machining area) according to the input machining process is displayed on the graphic display screen as shown in FIG. That is, the screen displays the shape of the material, cursors C1 and C2, questions about the processing area, and the like. Note that two cursors are displayed along the machining shape, one of which is used to input the start point of the machining area, and the other to input the end point of the machining area. Further, the processed shape is displayed as a solid line, and the material shape is displayed as a dotted line.

Therefore, first, press the R1 key 101b-8 to position the cursors C1 and C2 at the start and end points of the processing area. Note that depending on whether the BACK key 101b-1 is off (unlit) or on (lit), the cursor can be moved forward or backward along the part shape. After inputting the start point and end point, the user inputs the location to be machined in the machining process using the shape symbolic key. That is, if the direction of the machining area as seen from the starting point and ending point is input using the shape symbolic key, Fig. 6A,
Two straight lines Lx in the area direction as shown in B and C,
The shaded area surrounded by Lz, the material shape, and the part shape is recognized as the processing area.

When the input of the machining area is completed, the remaining material shape after cutting off the input machining area will be displayed on the graphic display screen, and at the same time, you will be asked whether to cut another area with the same tool as the inputted tool. A question text will be displayed.

If you want to cut a different area with the same tool, input that effect (press the number 1 key and the NL key), and also input the cutting direction and the area. For example, as shown in Figure 7, there are two groove machining processes (G1, G
2) In some cases, if grooves are to be machined using the same tool, after inputting the machining area data for the groove G1, press the numeric 1 key and the NL key, and then input the machining area data for the groove G2.

On the other hand, if you do not need to cut another area with the same tool, press the numeric 0 key and NL key.

As described above, once the data necessary for machining in the first machining process has been inputted, the operator determines whether another machining process is necessary to obtain the final part shape, and if necessary, presses the RO key 101b-7. push.
This causes an image to be displayed on the graphic display screen for selecting automatic programming steps, as shown in FIG. 2A. After that,
Press the 4 key and NL key to select "Process definition step"
If you select , a question for selecting a machining process as shown in FIG. 2G will be displayed on the graphic display screen. From now on, if you select the machining process, input the tool data to be used, and input the cutting direction and machining area for all machining processes in the same way, all the data necessary to obtain the final part shape will have been input. The automatic programming unit creates NC data based on the input data, displays the tool path locus on the graphic display screen, and completes programming.

<Disadvantages of the conventional technology> As described above, in the conventional method, the programmer does not have to input the tool number, tool position correction number, various tool shape data, and tool installation data of the tool used in the machining process for each machining process. Because it should not be
This method has the disadvantage that it is troublesome to operate and requires a long programming time.

In addition, in drilling, multiple drilling tools are used to perform drilling in multiple cycles, but if the appropriate tool is not used according to the hole diameter, tool breakage, reduced machining efficiency, and incorrect cutting may occur. . For example, using a drill that is too small in diameter will increase the number of cycles and reduce machining efficiency, and using a tool that is too large will cause overload, which will cause the tool to chip or break, or the final part If a tool with a hole diameter larger than that specified by the shape is used, incorrect cutting will occur. Therefore, the task of selecting appropriate tools is troublesome and requires considerable skill on the part of the programmer.

<Object of the Invention> An object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting drilling tools in automatic programming that can automatically select suitable drilling tools.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting drilling tools that does not require inputting tool shape data and tool installation data each time.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a drilling tool selection method that can display the tool diameter range of a desired drilling tool if it is not registered.

<Summary of the invention> The present invention stores the name of the machining process in which the tool can be used and the tool shape data of the tool in advance for each tool, and performs the When the maximum diameter of the drill to be drilled is x _i , the correspondence between i and x _i is set in advance,
The maximum hole diameter D formed by drilling is determined based on the specified part shape, and the maximum hole diameter D is
When x _j-1 < D < x _j , the diameter of the tool for the i-th (i = 1, 2,...j) drilling is from x _i-1 to _x x ₀ =0) is selected from the tools stored in the memory.

<Example> In FIG. 8, 201 is a non-volatile memory, and a first area 201a of the memory stores information for each tool including the tool number, the name of the machining process in which the tool is used, and the tool diameter. Shape data and tool installation data are stored in the second area, and when the maximum diameter of the drill to be cut in the i-th time (i = 1, 2, ... m) is x _i , the value of i and l _i is stored in the second area. The correspondence relationship is set in advance. 202 is a graphic display device, 203 is a processor, 204 is a ROM that stores control programs, 205 is a RAM that stores data input from the operation panel 101, processing results, and created NC data, and 206 is created NC data. This is an NC data output device that outputs data to an external storage medium 207 such as paper tape or bubble cassette.

From the operation panel 101, you can interactively enter the material, the format of the design drawing, the shape of the material and its dimensions, the shape of the part and its dimensions, the machine origin, the turret rotation position, and the machining process using the graphic display screen as in the conventional method. input. Then, when drilling is input as a machining process, automatic selection processing of drilling tools according to the present invention is started (see the flowchart in FIG. 9).

(b) When drilling is input as a machining process,
Processor 203 checks the final part shape stored in RAM 205 and determines the maximum hole diameter to be formed by drilling. In addition, if the format shown by menu number 1 in Figure 2 C is selected as the drawing format, (A-1) Search the part shape data of the linear element ← and find the radius value x at the end point. , (A-2) Next, determine the size of x and the maximum drill diameter x _n of the last drill in the drilling process stored in the memory 201, and if x≧x _n , set x _n to the maximum hole diameter D If x<x _n , x is the maximum hole diameter D.

(b) Once the maximum hole diameter D is determined, the maximum drill diameter stored in the second area 201b of the memory 201
Compared to x _i (i=1, 2,...) (where x _p
= 0), x _j-1 <D < x _j (1) is determined and stored in the built-in register.

(c) After that, the material shape data stored in the RAM 205 is checked to determine whether the material is a hole bar.

(d) If the material is not a round bar with a hole, set 1 → i.

(e) Next, the processor 203 reads the _i -th drill maximum diameter Search for tools whose radius value is greater than or equal to x _i-1 and less than or equal to x _i .

(F) If there is a tool with a drill diameter of x _i-1 or more and x _i or less, use this tool as the i-th drilling tool and input its tool shape data and tool installation data.
Store in RAM 205.

(g) Next, the processor 203 calculates i+1→i Update i and determine the magnitude of i and j.

(H) If i>j, the drilling tool selection process is completed; if i≦j, the process jumps to step (E) and repeats the subsequent processes.

(l) On the other hand, if there is no tool with a drill diameter greater than or equal to x _i-1 and less than or equal to x _i in step (f), the range of the drill diameter is displayed on the graphic display device 202.
displayed on the screen. Thereby, the programmer refers to the displayed drill diameter range and inputs the tool number, tool shape data, etc. in the same manner as in the conventional method. Thereafter, the processor 203 repeats the processing from step (t) onwards.

(N) Also, as a result of the determination in step (C), if the material is a round bar with a hole, the processor 203 determines the hole diameter D ₀
is read from the RAM 205 and compared with the hole diameter D ₀ and the maximum drill hole diameter x _i (i=1, 2...) stored in the second area 201b of the memory 201, x _k-1 <D ₀ <x Find _k that satisfies k and set k→i.

(l) After that, x _i-1 = D ₀ and the process from step (e) onwards is repeated.

<Effects of the Invention> As explained above, according to the present invention, the name of the machining process in which the tool can be used and the tool shape data of the tool are stored in advance for each tool in the memory, and
When the maximum diameter of the drill to be cut at the i-th time (i = 1, 2, etc.) in drilling is set as x _i , the correspondence between i and x _i is set in advance, and drilling is performed based on the specified part shape. The maximum hole diameter D formed by
When the maximum hole diameter D is within the range of x _j-1 < D < x _j , the diameter of the tool for the i-th (i=1, 2,...j) drilling is x Since the drilling tools from _i-1 to x _i (where x _p = 0) are selected from among the tools stored in the memory, the drilling tools can be automatically selected, and There is no need to input tool shape data and tool installation data each time, which improves operability and
Programming time can be shortened.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the material shape is a round bar with a hole, when the diameter of the hole D ₀ is x _k-1 < D ₀ < x _k , the maximum diameter of the first drill is x _k , the maximum diameter to be cut in the second round is x _k+1 , etc., so it is possible to automatically select drill tools regardless of the shape of the material.

Further, according to the present invention, if a desired tool is not found, the range of the drill diameter of the tool is displayed on the display screen, so that subsequent processing can be performed easily and without mistakes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of the operation panel, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a display example to explain the conventional method, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the tool shape, Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of attaching the tool to the turret, and Fig. 5 6 is an explanatory diagram of cutting direction input, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of machining area input, FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the case where there are two or more machining locations using the same tool, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the process of the present invention. 101...Operation panel, 201...Touring file, 202...Graphic display device, 203...Processor, 204...ROM,
205...RAM, 206...NC data output device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a method for selecting drilling tools in automatic programming, tool shape data including the name of a machining process in which the tool can be used and the tool diameter of the tool are stored in advance in a memory for each tool, and When the maximum diameter of the drill to be cut at the i-th time (i = 1, 2...m) in drilling is x _i , the correspondence between i and x _i is set in advance, and the drill is machined based on the specified part shape. Maximum hole diameter D formed by machining
At the same time, check the magnitude relationship between the maximum hole diameter D and the maximum diameter x _i (i = 1, 2, ... m) of the drill, and drill the maximum hole diameter D at the (j-1)th and jth times. When the maximum span of the drill is x _j-1 ~ x _j , j
It is determined that the identified part shape is drilled j times using a regular drill in sequence, and the diameter 1. A method for selecting drilling tools in automatic programming, characterized in that drilling tools for which x is within the range of x _p-1 to x _p are selected from tools stored in the memory. 2. A drill in automatic programming according to claim 1, characterized in that when the maximum hole diameter D is larger than the stored last drill maximum diameter x _n , the maximum hole diameter is set as the maximum diameter of the drill. How to select processing tools. 3 When the material shape is a round bar with a hole, and the diameter d of the hole is x _k-1 < d _{< x k ,} the maximum diameter of the drill to be drilled in the first cut is A method for selecting drilling tools in automatic programming according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the maximum diameter is set to x _k+1 . 4. The invention according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when a drill tool having a drill diameter in the range from x _i-1 to x _i is not registered in the memory, the range is displayed. How to select drilling tools in automatic programming.