JPH01500237A - Method and apparatus for conveying information signals - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method and apparatus for conveying information signals This invention conveys information signals, particularly (but not exclusively) television signals. It relates to a method and apparatus for. Television signals are generally sourced by a medium. is transmitted to the receiver. This medium is a transmission medium (e.g. terrestrial or satellite-free, It may be any type of storage medium (e.g. video cassette, optical disc). star Many different sources are currently available, including geo-cameras, mobile cameras, telecine equipment, etc. Available for use. Match the coverage bandwidth and/or signal-to-noise characteristics of different schemes There is a concomitant tendency for standards to proliferate just for the sake of it. Such a surge is clear undesirable.

It is often not possible to specify the bandwidth or signal-to-noise characteristics that are appropriate for a given scheme. A related question arises: is it possible? They are the characteristics of transmission media, In the case of star-fused transmission, it varies depending on the dimensions of the receiving antenna, changes in transmitter power, etc. It can change. For the sake of brevity, the deciding factor is often signal versus noise. The rest of the discussion simply refers to bandwidth, although it is a sonic characteristic.

The object of the invention is to provide a method by which applicable standards can be set within a general scheme. and devices, by providing solutions to the problems that arise as mentioned above. be.

- According to the invention in aspects, a television signal is received from a source by a medium; A method of conveying information to a machine, in which the signal from the source becomes progressively less visually important. is separated into multiple channels corresponding to the composite signal for transmission by said medium. Then, the component signals from said channels will vary directly depending on the importance of the channel. It is formed by a reversible combination of things that have the power to At the receiver, a number of components 1 are extracted from the composite signal conveyed to the receiver by the medium. signal is recovered and a television signal is formed from this recovered signal. The aforementioned method is provided.

Such methods are based on major maximum bandwidth standards and orders, including the base maximum bandwidth standard. In the content of a hierarchical standard consisting of other standards that require less and less bandwidth. can be used. All channels can be sourced if the primary standard is suitable. channels, but channels are important when less bandwidth is required. The channels are weighted sequentially, starting with the channel with the lowest sex. The transmission signal is A label #R (label) may be included that informs the receiver of the number of channels.

The receiver can recover all of the component signals contained in the transmitted composite signal. death However, the receiver does not need to recover all of the composite signal. For example, what is the medium? For some reason (fringe area reception, small receiving antenna, etc.) In this case, the receiver detects at least the least important component signal contained in the transmitted signal. ignore.

be able to. This improves the received image by filtering out display noise. I would like to emphasize that not only the quality of the drawings but also the detail depiction will be reduced.

The invention will be explained in further detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which figure All over the face, Figure 1 shows how the pixel resolution of plants is used in a television frame. Figure 2 shows how pixels with the coarsest resolution are sequentially subdivided. Diagram 1 Figure 3 is a block diagram of a device embodying this invention. Figure 4 is a diagram used to explain the operation of a receiver during direct satellite broadcasting. Out.

Higher bandwidth standards to allow a common transmit and receive method for all standards. preferably be a subset of all preceding standards. Especially in the spatial domain. In this case, each standard has a finer sampling grid than the preceding standard. The one that includes the sampling points should be used.

This invention in other [8 aspects] and advantageous developments of this invention are described in each of the attached claims. Defined in section.

The invention will be described in relation to the stepped system standards listed in the table below. left of table The halves are denoted by n=o or -5 by means of a sequentially subdivided sampling grid. shows the number of pixels per screen for six specific spatial sampling levels. ing. The right half of the table shows four different temporal samples indicated by groove-1 to 愼-4. 2 shows the resulting pixel rate for the chroma level.

Frame 7 seconds 12.5 25 50 1003 horizontal vertical frame pixels 7 seconds (100 directions) 0 128 64 8.2 & 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.81 256 128 33k O, 40, 81, 63, 32512256130 & 1.6 3.3 6.6 1331024 512520 & 6.6 13 26 52420481024 2M 26 52 105 2095 409 62048 8.4M 105 209 419 838 Figure 1 shows the pixel structure. are doing. The cross is the image at the highest resolution, i.e. %-5 in the example above. It represents the element. The circles that gradually get bigger are the pixels in the screen image with the resolution that gets progressively lower. It shows. FIG. 1 does not show pixel dimensions. Figure 2 shows the lowest resolution (fi -0), which represents one pixel P at the following resolutions: It is divided into pixels P1 to F4, and each of these pixels is divided into four pixels Fil to F4. It is divided into F14, F21 to F24, etc. For simplicity, further No division is shown.

Symbol P etc. indicates the information content of the current pixel (for example, digital R, G and B or Y, U or is the V value), the n=o frame is the n-0 frame. The system is completely defined by the set of s, zhp values. 3-l frame has this value Completely defined by plus 33 & difference values, in this case 4 differences for each P The values are:

This procedure can be continued in a stepwise manner. DFll-Fll PI DP, □-PI2 Pi etc. can be obtained.

This stepped structure is such that the first channel is used to carry P information and the second channel is is used to carry the DP,~4 information, and the third channel carries the DP,1~44 information. (hereinafter referred to as Doroku), and the power of the composite signal at that time gradually decreased. The present invention enables an M-advantageous transmission method in which temporal solution As far as image resolution is concerned, it is always assumed that frames are occurring nominally at 100/sec. , each frame is m = 4, and every second frame is m = 3, every 4th frame is always -2 and every 8th frame is The arm is used for groove-1. The staircase method described above in relation to the spatial domain The method can be extended to the time domain.

Pixels for every 8th frame when Fo(7't) is %-0 and m-1 Suppose we are displaying a basic set of values. Intermediate at t&-0 and W&-2 The set of pixel values for the existing frame is Fo(rz), which is is expressed in

Fc + (7'z) - Fo (7't) + DFo (7't) The frame is given by the value for the base frame plus the difference value npo (7’2). and these are transmitted on the assigned channel.

If we consider all the pixel rates in the table above, we can calculate the n=o, w-1 standard differential data on fundamental channels and progressively higher spatial and temporal resolutions Determines up to 20 different bandwidths by using 19 different channels to carry You'll see what you can do. Figure 3 shows the transmission and reception of more separated information. 1 illustrates an example of a device that can be used.

Figure 3 operates at the highest pixel rate selected, e.g. the highest rate in the table above. A source 10 of video signals is shown powering an analog-to-digital converter 12.

The digital values are supplied to the original encoder 14, which contains multiple frame data. basic pixel information Fo(7't) is formed in the digital storage device and channel CH1. and channel CH2, etc. (for simplicity, only four channels CHI or CH 4 is shown) to form differential information with higher temporal and spatial resolution. There are hardware/software devices for differential configuration.

Each channel feeds a corresponding encoder 16, which encodes the information in an appropriate pulse code. encoded into a pulse waveform according to the signal. for transmitting digital television The appropriate pulse sign is itself known. The encoder has successively smaller gains (such as AI). Power is supplied to the amplifier 17 with the power supply A4). The output of each amplifier is indicated by the symbol in the adjacent waveform. It is a type of amplitude level that gradually decreases as shown in to form the composite signal to be transmitted. As an example, FIG. 3 shows a transmitter 20, The signal is transmitted via a satellite 22 and a receiver 24 equipped with a receiving parabolic antenna 26. Indicates the signal being displayed. Receiver noise injection is performed by noise source 28 and mixer 30. It is symbolized as

The received signal is applied to a decoder 32 for channel 1, but the level of this channel is The amplifier 34 allows the decoder 32 to output the signal of the highest channel indicated by DCHI. It is set to extract only the data for. Amplifier 34 therefore We are waiting for the advantage of being 1/A1, at least symbolically.

The DCHI data is re-encoded by the same output encoder 36 as each of the encoders 16. and the output of this encoder is subtracted from the output of amplifier 34 in mixer 38. A signal containing t of differential information of channels CH2, CH3, and CH4 is generated. this The signal is passed through the amplifier so that the decoder 42 can extract the decoded channel 2 data DCH2. 4o to an appropriate level. The circuit configuration is as shown in Figure 3. Repeated to extract DCH3 and DCH4.

The decoded No. 1 DCHs 1 to 4 are added to the source decoder 44, which is the original encoder 1. 4 and regenerate the video signal by a process of continuous interpolation. For example, D plwpl-P is the equation used to form DPL, so when receiving , Pl can be recovered using the equation F1 "" F + DP (.

Although it can be a versatile standard considering all possible resolutions (bandwidths), A given implementation requires an amount of hardware that is compatible with the available and desired bandwidth. Note that it is clearly practical to provide only the smaller band In the case of width, a reduced number of channel encoders 16 are used. Data format, special It is desirable to transmit the numbers of channels CH1, CH2, etc. as labels. However, this technique is well known per se and does not require explanation here.

It is sufficient that the receiving end has the same number of decoders 32 and 42 as the encoder 16; If there is a lot of receiver noise, it may be better to omit one or more of the lowest decoders. Rorou.

If too many decoders are running, the lowest one is sent from source 28. will generate visible noise. to the number of receiver channels Controls may be configured as presets tailored to suit a particular installation or As an operator control, it may be a matter of receiver design for the intended application. While decoding the signs and the images generated at all hierarchical levels, respectively In this case, the display can be displayed, albeit at a resolution limited by the display device and processing. It is possible to design an "intelligent" receiver that can

Compatibility between levels of inoculation in the hierarchy is such that each level has by appropriate choice of sampling structure and encoding, such that all data are included. can be achieved. That is, higher levels have finer sampling grids. but also including lower level sampling points as in the example already described. You could use what you have.

The sampling structure also supports current image generation and display standards such as FAL, NTSC, lum, NHK-HDTV.

The advantages of this strategy are considerable. Many different source signal formats can be displayed on a single display device and It could be used in a common interface. In terms of Kawasaki, within the current PAL environment Then, you have already selected the baseband* (baseband), UHF composite, YUV or RGE signal. There is a choice. Many computers and workstations use their own individual standards. I am using it.

Having established the staircase (layered) principle, the improved method is free from compatibility issues with existing equipment and may be adopted without delay in approving further standards.

Broadcasters who waited for higher weight channels from the beginning received higher quality services. can keep more. Conversely, services that do not require high quality images, e.g. Local community television, which can often be implemented in low-quality formats, Yet still in high quality by viewers who have the intelligent receivers described above. may be received on display.

Receiver and imaging equipment manufacturers use their chosen standards with a guarantee of compatibility with other equipment. will be able to maintain. The number of parts in a chain is changing with advancing technology. Improvements will be made where acceptable.

The number of broadcast services is increasing and technology is producing higher definition image sources and display devices. Demand for the available 81 frequencies is likely to increase as the number of available frequencies increases. the As a result, limitations in the received image quality of future television systems will likely be limited to broadcast channels. Derolli imposed by. It is therefore important that future broadcast transmission codes should take advantage of the available channel capacity.

A variety of advanced digital coding schemes have already been proposed for satellite applications. . However, these are fixed data records for well-defined channels. give a start. For broadcast use, the requirements are inoculation.

Channel characteristics vary from receiver to receiver (for different parabolic antenna dimensions and geographic locations). ) and over time (satellite transmissions will likely increase in power as time progresses) ) It will change.

One of the disadvantages of direct digital transmission is the limitations imposed by worst-case signal reception. I'll go. A simple PCM link has its maximum data capacity (which in this case is Gaussian noise) (limited by ), small changes in the carrier-to-acupuncture ratio Error"4 causes a large change in error. Even more advanced encoding techniques (this Satisfactory reception can be achieved if channels (which bring the channel's single report limits closer together) are used. This marginal area between and unsatisfactory reception is even more likely to be achieved under conditions of $; limited, thus putting the majority of subscribers at a disadvantage. In contrast, analog transmission Links provide the maximum available information capacity under normal conditions. For example, improved The improved television carrier-to-noise ratio results in an improved image signal-to-noise ratio. Become.

However, it is important for users to take full advantage of the improved channel capacity. It may not be there. For example, users can see improved noise characteristics. Maybe not. Instead, the user, if available, You may choose better resolution or movement depiction. About using variable capacitance channels Although this kind of comprehensive optimization is difficult to achieve with analog modulation techniques, , which can be achieved using digital signals Therefore, the apparatus described with respect to FIG. 3 provides an improved channel signal-to-noise ratio. uses a metamorphic process that gives improved data throughput. More than that The extra bits of data obtained by Used to give bits per second or to give many frames per second be done. The extra data should be kept at a lower transmitted with high power. There are several layers of decreasing importance, and this layer The number of is limited by the best expected signal-to-noise for the channel.

This technique can be applied to direct television broadcast by satellite. this place channel capacity is determined primarily by receiving parabolic antenna dimensions, geographic location, and satellite Determined by transmit power. Taking the WAEC satellite channel as an example, 14d 20MHz channel at Ba/% (0.5m parabolic antenna, worst reception condition) The theoretical maximum data capacity for a channel is 94 Mbit/S. M4 diagram is a signal pair This is a plot of data capacity versus noise ratio. Its maximum capacity is 0.6. Assuming that this capacity is actually possible, the data capacity would be 56 Mbit/s. Ru de Arori. Based on this, the received signal power is compared to the area of the receiving parabolic antenna. As an example, a portable 0,25m parabolic antenna is 34Mbits/ S, and a large 2m parabolic antenna should receive 100 Mbit/S. . 15dE improvement in transmitted power from satellite and full 27MHg bandwidth usage In this case, a data rate of 200 Mbit/S should be possible.

In this way, listeners who wish to invest in a Dachin parabolic antenna can It would be possible to receive low-definition broadcasts, and small portable receivers would be able to receive It would be possible to provide image quality comparable to the L method.

As receiver technology advances and satellite broadcasts become more powerful, image quality automatically improves. As shown above, this invention is suitable for use with television signals. It is not limited to use. For example, in the case of audio, the less important information It is sufficient that the signal is related to the higher audible frequency.

Engraving (no changes to the content) Φ + 0 4 0-+e + e → 10 + 10 ◆ → ◆ → ＋◎　4　Φ　→　◎　◎　4　e　　◎　÷→ → → + 10 10 ◆ + 1 + ÷e+ 0 + 0 +e+e+ 10 h.51 (No changes to the contents of engraving C) Purification (content; no change) Chi 7 Store ξ City Nbi, T15 Procedural amendment 1.Display of the incident PCT/GB86100783 2. Name of the invention Method and apparatus for conveying information signals 3. Person who makes corrections Name: British Broadcasting Address: University of Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Temachi 2-2-1 Shin-Otemachi Building Room 206 5. Subject of correction As shown in the attached document (note that there is no change in the content of the translation of the drawings) International search report

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A method of conveying a television signal from a source to a receiver through a medium; signals are divided into multiple channels corresponding to information of decreasing visual importance. components from said channels for transmission by said medium. a signal whose power varies directly depending on the importance of the channel The receiver is formed by a reversible combination of the above media. A large number of component signals are recovered from the composite signal transmitted to the receiver, and this recovered signal is A method as described above in which a television signal is formed from 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of duplicated signals is less than the number of channels. . 3. The number of recovered signals depends on the bandwidth and/or signal-to-noise characteristics of the medium, the receiver bandwidth and/or the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the receiver display device. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is regulated in dependence on one. 4. The number of channels is variable and the composite signal has a variable number of channels in the transmitted signal. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising at least an indicating indicator. 5. Claim wherein the receiver responds to the indicator and recovers the number of component signals indicated thereby. The method described in item 4 of the scope. 6. The component signals are digitally encoded and directly dependent on the channel significance. Claim 1, wherein the signals are additively combined in a composite signal with varying amplitudes. The method according to any one of items 5 to 5. 7. The component signals receive a composite signal according to the components of the composite signal in different amplitude ranges. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is recovered from. 8. Channels can be distributed at various levels of the hierarchy with increasing spatial and/or temporal resolution. 8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which corresponds to. 9. There are multiple standards in the wall area, each of which is better than the previous standard. Use a fine sampling grid that contains the sampling points of the previous standard. 9. The method according to claim 8. 10. Each finer sampling grid is twice as large horizontally as the preceding standard grid. and/or having pixels in the vertical direction. . 11. The most important channels carry the signals that define the basic minimum bandwidth image and each other channel carries a signal representing a difference with respect to the preceding channel. The method according to any one of Ranges 1 to 10. 12. A method of conveying information signals from a source to a receiver through a medium, signals are separated into multiple channels corresponding to information of decreasing importance and combined. the signal is a component signal from said channel for transmission by said medium; A reversible combination of things whose power varies directly depending on the importance of the channel. and is transmitted to the receiver by the above medium at the receiver. A large number of component signals are recovered from the resulting composite signal, and an information signal is derived from the recovered signal. The above method being adapted to be reconstituted. 13. The information signal from the source is divided into multiple channels carrying information of decreasing importance. a first encoding device for separating signals into channels, encoding signals in a plurality of channels; Each encoded signal has a power level that varies directly according to its importance. a second encoder, and a second encoder for reversibly combining these encoded signals into a composite signal. device for transmitting information signals from a source, comprising a combination device that 14. The second encoding device includes a plurality of digital encoders separate for the plurality of channels; The increase at the output of these encoders with a gain that varies according to the 14. The device of claim 13, comprising a width gauge. 15. A first encoding device comprises an elementary information signal in a first of the channels; and other channels in which each signal represents a difference from the information conveyed by the previous channel. Claims 13 or 14 provide a series of differential information signals in the channel. The device described. 16. Detecting and decoding progressively lower information levels in the received signal a series of decoding devices operated by the a further decoding device operative to convert the received signal into an information signal. equipment for recovering information signals from 17. A series of decoding devices detects and decodes high-level components in the received signal. a first decoding device that operates to the difference formed by subtracting the components detected and decoded by the row decoder respectively, by detecting and decoding the corresponding level components in the signal. Claim 16, comprising a plurality of ordered second decoding devices. Equipment described in Section. 18. A further decoding device spatially spatially decodes the decoded high-level components in accordance with other decoded components. generating an information signal from continuous interpolation in the target and/or time domain; , the apparatus according to claim 17. 19. The received signal is detected and decoded in response to standard information in the received signal. requesting device equipped with a device that allows the number of levels of information in the issue to be selected. Apparatus according to scope 16, 17 or 18. 20. Methods for recovering information from signals containing encoded information at various amplitude levels and this signal is decoded at a series of signal levels n=1, 2, etc. At each level n, the encoded information for a higher level n+1, etc. is decoded. It is designed so that it does not affect the encoding, and the resulting results at each level are The decoded signal is re-encoded and subtracted from the decoded signal at level n. and forming a signal to be decoded at level n+1. the method of.