JPH0145049B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a stereoscopic display lens for stereoscopically displaying a planar image.

(Prior technology) Up until now, two-dimensional images have been created by forming two planar images with different viewing angles to the same degree as the left and right eyes of a person, and then viewing these images separately with both eyes to create a three-dimensional effect. However, such a method required two different planar images, and it was impossible to obtain stereoscopic viewing using a single planar image.

These days, stereoscopic images based on the lenticular method are often used to display stereoscopic images using a single planar image.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, since this type of lenticular method uses three-dimensional images, fine lenticular-shaped lenses are continuously arranged, the viewing position is far and near, left and right. When moving, there are positions where the same pixel can be seen and positions where it cannot be seen, which not only makes it difficult for many people to repeatedly observe stereoscopic images over a wide area, but also because of curved parts of the image,
The slanted portions etc. are jagged and cause disturbances in the image. Furthermore, since the lenses are minute, it is extremely difficult to manufacture molds for manufacturing them, which not only hinders cost reduction, but also makes it difficult to obtain molds for large screens.

The present invention was made with attention to these points, and it is possible to continuously and continuously observe the same image over a wide area by a large number of people in stereoscopic vision. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lens for stereoscopic display at a low cost that does not cause image distortion due to glare.

(Means and effects for solving the problem) For this purpose, in the present invention, concave lens portions and flat portions are alternately arranged on at least one surface of a lens body made of a transparent flat plate, and the size of the flat portion is adjusted. A three-dimensional display lens is constructed by continuously arranging a group of unit lenses that gradually change, and a single flat image is reflected on the retinas of both eyes due to the difference in the viewing angle between the left and right eyes. It is possible to obtain a three-dimensional effect by creating a difference in the image, and even if the viewing position moves from far to near or to the left or right, each eye's line of sight focuses on the same pixel. It is now possible for multiple people to view the same image repeatedly over a wide area in 3D.
Furthermore, since there is a flat part whose size gradually changes between the concave lens parts, curved parts, inclined parts, etc. of the image will not be jagged and the image will not be distorted, and the concave lens part and the flat part can be miniaturized. Since this is not necessary, it is possible to provide a stereoscopic display lens that is inexpensive and can be made large.

(Example) FIGS. 1 to 4 are perspective views showing an example of implementation of a stereoscopic display lens according to the present invention. In each figure, 1 is a lens body, and first lens bodies 2 are each formed of a transparent flat plate and arranged in parallel.
and the second lens body 3.

A concave lens portion 5 is provided on the upper surface of the first lens body 2.
A, 5b or 5c and the plane portions 6 are arranged alternately. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a cylindrical concave lens is used for the concave lens portion 5a, and these are arranged in parallel to form a lenticular shape. has been done. In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a cylindrical concave lens is used for the concave lens portion 5b, and this is arranged in a lattice to form a mosaic shape.
In the third embodiment shown in the figure, a spherical concave lens is used as the concave lens 5c, and these lenses are arranged in a lattice to form a compound eye shape. The plane portion 6 gradually changes in size; in the first embodiment, the width gradually increases as it goes to the right, and in the second and third embodiments, it gradually increases in width as it goes to the right and the front. In the fourth embodiment, as you go to the right, the width gradually increases, once widening and then narrowing. These gradual changes in the size of the flat portion 6 are completed for each unit lens group 7 shown separated by two-dot chain lines in each figure, and these are continuously arranged on the entire upper surface of the first lens body 2. ing.

Further, a concave lens portion 8 is also provided on the lower surface of the second lens body 3.
are arranged. All of the concave lens portions 8 are cylindrical concave lenses, which are arranged in parallel to form a lenticular shape. In the first embodiment, this concave lens portion 8 alternates with a flat portion 9 whose width gradually changes.
are arranged at the same pitch. In the second embodiment, the concave lens portions 8 are arranged continuously without a flat surface, and in this case, the concave lens portions 8 are nearly flat. Further, in the third embodiment, concave lens portions 8 and flat portions 9 having a constant width are alternately arranged. In this case, the width of the flat portion 9 does not necessarily have to be the same as the width of the concave lens portion 8. Fourth
In this embodiment, similar to the first embodiment, concave lens portions 8 and flat portions 9 whose widths gradually change are arranged alternately, but the arrangement pitch is the same as that of the concave lens portion 5a of the first lens body 2. are different.

Next, stereoscopic viewing of one planar image using these stereoscopic display lenses will be described. Hereinafter, on the planar image G, a pixel group in which a plurality of pixels or more are gathered will be described as P, a beam of light from the pixel group will be described as a, and the graphical representation of the pixel group will be indicated with a - mark. shall be.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the optical system of the first embodiment. A plane image G is placed a little apart from the lens surface of the lens body 1 on the objective side. In this case, the slightly spaced gap may be replaced with a transparent flat plate, which can be adapted to all embodiments of the present invention. Then, each pixel group PΓ of image G
Since the ray bundles from ₁ , PΓ ₃ , PΓ ₆ , and PΓ ₁₀ head toward the imaginary focus F' of the lens 5a, the ray bundles aΓ ₁ ', aΓ ₃ ', aΓ ₆ ',
aΓ ₁₀ '. Now, the second lens body 3 having the concave lens portion 8 formed to correspond to the lower surface of the first lens body 2, that is, the eyepiece surface 11, is superimposed to form the above-mentioned ray bundles aΓ ₁ ′, aΓ ₃ ′, aΓ ₆ ′, aΓ ₂₀ ′, it becomes a parallel ray from the lens optical axes of the concave lens portion 5a and the concave lens portion 8, so virtual image groups PΓ ₁ ′, PΓ ₃ ′, PΓ ₆ ′, PΓ ₁₀ with reduced shapes are formed on the extension line thereof. ′ as line of sight a ₁ , a
₃ , _a6 ,
It will be seen by a ₁₀ . Pixel P ₂ , P ₄ , P ₅ ,
Rays a′ ₂ , a′ ₄ , a′ ₅ , a′ ₇ , a′ ₈ from P ₇ , P ₈ , P ₉ ,
Since a′ ₉ does not change direction even if it passes through the flat parts 6 and 9 of the first lens body 2 and the second lens body 3 and is refracted, the line of sight is a ₂ , a ₄ , a ₅ , a ₇ , a ₈ , With a ₉ , each pixel is viewed as it is, with the shape unchanged.

Next, FIGS. 6 and 7 a, b, and c show the optical system of the second embodiment. Using such a stereoscopic display lens, as shown in Figure 6, when eye A is moved sequentially from a to c in the figure, the same image appears to have different shapes, as shown in Figure 7 a, b, and c. I will explain. When the plane image G is now viewed at the position shown in Figure A through the first lens body 2 and the second lens body 3 with the nine lines of sight a ₁ to a ₉ of the eye A, each pixel group PΓ ₁ , PΓ ₃ , PΓ ₆ , _P7
The light rays from the lens bodies 2 and 3 are focused on the concave lens portions 5b and 8 of the first and second lens bodies 2 and 3, and the line of sight a ₁ , a ₃ , a ₆ , a ₇ that looks at these pixel groups is an extension of the concave lens portion 5b and the concave lens portion 8 Virtual image groups PΓ ₁ ′, PΓ ₃ ′ have small shapes at points on the line
，
We will see PΓ ₆ ′, PΓ ₇ ′, pixels P ₂ , P ₄ , P ₅ ,
The light rays from P ₈ and P ₉ reach the flat part 6 of the first lens body 2.
Since it is viewed through the concave lens portion 8 of the second lens body 3, the pixel width is a virtual image P′ ₂ whose shape is close to that of the original pixel.
P′ ₄ , P′ ₅ , P′ ₈ , and P′ ₉ are seen through lines of sight a ₂ , a ₄ , a ₅ , a ₈ , and a ₉ .

Next, when the eye A is moved to the position shown in Fig. b and the image G is viewed in the same manner as described above, the pixel groups PΓ ₅ , PΓ ₁₀ , and PΓ ₁₂ are virtual image groups PΓ ₅ ′, PΓ ₁₀ ′, and PΓ ₁₂ ′ whose shapes are reduced. gaze a
₁ ,
You will see from a ₆ , a ₈ , and another line of sight a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ ,
At a ₅ , a ₇ , a ₉ , a virtual image P′ ₆ with a shape close to the original pixel,
We will see P′ ₇ , P′ ₈ , P′ ₉ , P′ ₁₁ , P′ ₁₃ . Furthermore, when the eye A is moved to the position shown in Figure c and the image G is viewed, the pixel groups PΓ ₉ , PΓ ₁₃ , and PΓ ₁₇ become a virtual image group PΓ whose shape is reduced.
₉ ′, PΓ ₁₃ ′, and PΓ ₁₇ ′ are seen from the lines of sight a ₁ , a ₅ , and a ₉ . Other lines of sight a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ , a ₆ , a ₇ , a ₈ will see virtual images P′ ₁₀ to P′ ₁₂ , P′ ₁₄ to P′ ₁₆ that are close to the original pixels. . In this way, the image seen through a larger plane part appears to have the same original shape, but the more the image is seen through the concave lens part, which makes the plane part smaller, the finer the texture, and the more pixels are shrunk, forming a group of pixels. Because it appears to form and move away from the lens surface, a sense of perspective arises in which parts of the original image appear to stand out or appear to be concave in the distance.

This visual phenomenon also occurs in the vertical direction of the image when the lens body has a mosaic shape, a compound eye shape, or two orthogonal lenticular shapes, so the foreground and background,
This has the effect of clearly showing divisions such as upper and lower. In this way, a feature of the present invention is that the effect of the optical system that makes the same image appear to be different images depending on the viewing angle can be visualized by the lens section formed by alternating and sequentially changing the arrangement of lenses and planes.

FIG. 8, which will be explained next regarding the case where such a visual phenomenon is viewed binocularly, shows an optical system of a third embodiment. A planar image G is placed a little apart on the lens surface of the lens body 1 on the objective side, and the image G is viewed with both eyes A and B through the three-dimensional display lens.
The lines of sight a ₁ to _{a 5} and b ₁ to b ₅ of both eyes connect the points of interest to P ₁ to P ₅ , respectively, and the line of sight of the right eye A has five points with different image formation positions. Two imaging points aPΓ ₁ ′,a
By looking at PΓ ₂ ′, aP ₃ , aP ₄ , aP ₅ , the virtual image group aPΓ ₁ ,
aPΓ ₂ appears on the left side of the image. In the line of sight on the left side B, there are five image forming points bP ₁ with different image forming positions.
bP ₂ , bP ₃ , bPΓ ₄ ', bPΓ ₅ ' will be seen, and the virtual image groups bPΓ ₄ ' and bPΓ ₅ ' will appear on the right side of the image. As a result, the right eye and left eye receive binocular parallax images with different imaging positions.

In this way, the phenomenon of parallax of one image with both eyes can be explained by the 9
An explanation will be given using the optical system of the fourth embodiment shown in the figure. As shown in FIG. 9, if the plane image 12 shown in _{FIG .}
With b ₁ to _{b 5} , each point g, h, i,
The visual points a _{1 to a 5 at x 1} to x ₅ , which have different oblique angles, are pixel groups among the points g to _k of the planar image 12, with the points of view _{x 1 to} x ₅ of both eyes located in the j and k portions. gΓ and hΓ are focused by lens action, and a small virtual image group a ₁ gΓ′
and a ₂ hΓ′, and it appears to be receding towards the back of the lens. Further, i, j, and k have the same shape as the pixels of the plane image 12, and are seen as a ₃ i, a ₄ j, and a ₅ k.
The lines of sight b ₁ to b ₅ at each of the points of view x ₁ to _{x 5} of the left eye B are focused by the pixel group jΓ and kΓ among the points g to k of the plane image 12, and form a virtual image group b ₄ jΓ of a small shape. ′ and b ₅
It appears to become kΓ' and move away from the rear of the lens. The other points g, h, and i have the same shape as the pixels of the plane image 12 and are seen as b ₁ g, b ₂ h, and b ₃ i.

Furthermore, when both eyes A and B are moved from the point of view x ₁ to x ₅ , the parts a ₁ g and b ₁ g seen through by the lines of sight a ₁ and b ₁ continuously shift to the right side, and the parts a ₂ h, b ₂ h and similarly
The images are moved up to a ₅ k and b ₅ k, with the parts seen through the eyes being different. As a result, the continuous image seen by the right eye A is the image of the plane image 12 on the line 14 connecting each point a ₁ gΓ', a ₂ hΓ', a ₃ i, a ₄ j, a ₅ k, The left side of the statue has a finer texture and appears to be far away.
Also, the continuous images seen by the left eye B are each point b ₁ g,
Plane drawing 1 is drawn on the line 15 connecting b ₂ h, b ₃ i, b ₄ jΓ′, b ₅ kΓ′
You will see the second image, and the right side of the image will become more detailed and appear to be far away.

These two consecutive images have different degrees of contraction and positions of contraction of the pixel groups for each lens section on the left and right sides, so that two images with different shapes can be viewed stereoscopically with binocular parallax.

As described above, each of the above embodiments includes a first lens body in which unit lens groups are successively arranged in which the arrangement of concave lens parts and flat parts are alternately arranged, and the unit lenses are arranged substantially parallel to the first lens body. The arrangement was such that the arrangement of the concave lens parts was sequentially changed alternately with the plane.
Or, because it is equipped with a second lens body in which concave lenses are arranged alternately with flat lenses or concave lenses are arranged in succession, the difference in the line of sight angle between the left and right eyes when viewing a single plane image causes the image reflected on the retinas of both the left and right eyes to change. A three-dimensional effect can be obtained by creating a difference.

Although the present invention has been described above in detail according to the illustrated embodiments, the present invention should not be limited only to these embodiments. That is, in each of the embodiments described above, the first lens body and the second lens body are constructed separately, but they may be constructed integrally. The present invention also applies to a single lens body in which unit lens groups formed by gradually changing the arrangement of concave lens portions alternately with flat portions are continuously arranged, and the back surface is formed only with a flat surface. The operation of the optical system remains unchanged and can be used to implement the present invention. In addition, the lens bodies having a lenticular shape, a compound eye shape, and a mosaic shape can be replaced or combined with each other regardless of their respective shapes, and the optical system function of the present invention remains unchanged and can be used to implement the present invention. For example, it is possible to make one surface into a lenticular shape and the other surface into a mosaic shape.Furthermore, it is possible to make an optical system similar to a mosaic shape by making the front and back surfaces of the lenticular shape orthogonal to each other. However, the invention can also be practiced. Furthermore, the first lens body and the second lens body described above can be used with either the front or back surface serving as the object surface or the eyepiece surface.

(Effects of the Invention) The stereoscopic display lens according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and even if the viewing position moves from far to near or from side to side, the lines of sight of both eyes are focused on the same pixel. The same image can be continuously repeated over a wide area for stereoscopic observation by a large number of people. Furthermore, when applied to a moving image of a flat image, the three-dimensional effect becomes even more effective because hidden parts appear due to the movement of the image. Furthermore, since the concave lens portion of the lens body of the present invention has a large flat portion with a large lens pitch arranged in each lens portion, it has the advantage of reducing jagged disturbances in curved and inclined portions of the image, and has the advantage that the lens pitch is fine. Since the lens body has no shape, the mold for the lens body is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, and the size of the lens body is not limited to a small size, and the scope of use can be expanded to include large screens.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIGS. 1 to 4 are perspective views showing an example of implementation of the stereoscopic display lens according to the present invention, and FIGS. 5 to 9
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the optical system of each of these embodiments, and FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of a planar image drawn on a planar image. 1... Lens body, 2... First lens body, 3...
Second lens body, 5a, 5b, 5c, 8... Concave lens part, 6, 9... Flat part, 7... Unit lens group,
G... Planar image.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A unit lens group formed such that concave lens portions and flat portions are alternately arranged on at least one surface of a lens body made of a transparent flat plate, and the size of the flat portion gradually changes. A three-dimensional display lens characterized by repeatedly arranged. 2. The lens body is formed by arranging a first lens body and a second lens body made of transparent flat plates substantially parallel to each other, and the unit lens group is continuously disposed on one surface of the first lens body. Claim 1
The lens for stereoscopic display described in . 3. Also on one surface of the second lens body, a unit lens group formed such that concave lens parts and flat parts are arranged alternately and the size of the flat parts gradually changes is continuously arranged, and the concave lens 3. The stereoscopic display lens according to claim 2, wherein the arrangement pitch of the portions is equal to the arrangement pitch of the unit lens groups arranged in the first lens body. 4 Also on one surface of the second lens body, a unit lens group formed in such a way that concave lens parts and flat parts are arranged alternately and the size of the flat parts gradually changes is continuously arranged, and the concave lens 3. The three-dimensional display lens according to claim 2, wherein the arrangement pitch of the portions is different from the arrangement pitch of the unit lens groups arranged in the first lens body. 5. The stereoscopic display lens according to claim 2, wherein concave lens portions are alternately arranged with equally spaced flat portions on one surface of the second lens body. 6. The lens for stereoscopic display according to claim 2, characterized in that only a concave lens portion is continuously arranged on one surface of the second lens body. 7. The stereoscopic display lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concave lens portion is formed in a lenticular shape. 8. The stereoscopic display lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concave lens portion is formed in a mosaic shape. 9. The stereoscopic display lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concave lens portion is formed in a compound eye shape.