JPH01239258A - Tiling method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the bonding of tiles by spraying mortar incl. admixture on the surface of concrete wall, forming a base-adjusted mortar layer having appropriate unevenness of the surface, and affixing tiles after its hardening. CONSTITUTION:Mortar incl. admixture is sprayed on the surface 1 of concrete wall using a spray gun to form a base-adjusted mortar layer 2 having appropriate unevenness of the surface. After hardening of this mortar layer 2, tiles 4 are affixed. This prevents dislocation of mortar with tiles affixed, which is likely generated in case applied to the surface of flat and smooth concrete wall, and thus good bonding is obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of pasting tiles on a concrete wall surface.

[Conventional technology]

Traditionally, in the tiling method, the plasterer applies cement mortar to the concrete wall surface with a trowel to create a flat mortar base surface, and after it hardens, spreads mortar on this surface and attaches the tiles while it is still soft. was taken.

However, with this construction method, when spreading the mortar with a trowel, uneven trowel pressure tends to occur, and in areas where the trowel is insufficiently pressed, sufficient adhesion between the concrete wall surface and the underlying mortar cannot be obtained, resulting in early peeling. A malfunction occurs.

Furthermore, with this construction method, the plasterer applies mortar in 2.3 layers to form a flat base mortar, which increases the construction period.

Therefore, in order to prevent peeling failures caused by uneven troweling when applying mortar during plastering as described above, and at the same time increase construction efficiency, we eliminated the process of applying base mortar during plastering and applied it directly to the concrete wall surface. Attach tiles using mortar mixed with admixtures. The so-called stone cladding method has been widely adopted in recent years.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in this method, the tiles are attached directly to the concrete wall through a thin layer of mortar, so if the concrete wall is dense and smooth, the mortar may not be able to hold the weight of the tiles and they may shift. This impairs the adhesion of the interface between the concrete wall and the mortar, resulting in insufficient adhesion and early peeling failure.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention was made to solve these conventional problems, and its purpose is to provide a tiling method that can efficiently construct tiled walls with excellent adhesion and no risk of peeling. It is on offer.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The tiling method according to the present invention sprays mortar mixed with an admixture onto the concrete wall using a spray gun to create a moderately uneven surface when attaching tiles to the concrete wall using mortar. forming a base conditioning mortar layer with
After this base preparation mortar layer has hardened, tiles are attached to it.

In the present invention, the reason why the surface of the base-adjusting mortar layer is made to have an appropriately uneven surface is as follows.

If the unevenness of the base adjustment mortar layer is too large, when the tile is pasted, the tile will hit the convex part of the base adjustment mortar layer and cannot be pushed in, making it impossible to ensure a smooth tile finished surface.

Furthermore, if the base conditioning mortar layer is too smooth, the mortar will shift when tiles are attached, making it impossible to obtain sufficient adhesion.

Therefore, in order to satisfy the above conditions, the inventor of the present invention conducted an experiment to select the diameter of the nozzle of the spray gun for spraying mortar with a maximum grain size of 1 for the aggregate for mortar, and found that the difference between the concave part and the convex part was 1 to 2 times. It was confirmed that good results could be obtained if the values were kept within this range.

That is, in order to obtain the above-mentioned uneven surface, the maximum particle size is about 1.5 mm, and the nozzle diameter of the mortar spray gun is 6 mm.
11, the discharge pressure is about 8 kg, and about 45 cf.
It was confirmed that it is most desirable to spray from a distance of .

In addition, this condition depends on the target concrete wall surface, construction period,
Since it is naturally expected that it will differ depending on the construction conditions such as the construction environment, it can be selected arbitrarily as appropriate depending on the construction conditions.

Next, the admixture-containing mortar used in the present invention will be explained.

First, let's look at the mixing ratio. Comparing the adhesive strength of richly mixed mortar (cement: aggregate - 1:0.5) and poorly mixed mortar (cement: aggregate = 1:1.5) to concrete, as shown in Table 1, Mortar showed a slightly larger value, but no major difference was observed between the two.

However, richly mixed mortar has drawbacks such as a thin mortar layer obtained by spraying twice, a large number of sprayings, a tendency to shift after spraying, and a large drying shrinkage.

Therefore, it was confirmed that the above-mentioned problems were resolved by bringing the blending ratio of aggregate closer to that of poorly mixed mortar than to that of richly mixed mortar. The desirable mixing ratio is cement:aggregate=1:1 to i,s (volume ratio).

Table 1 Preparation of base preparation mortar and adhesive strength Note) The unit of adhesive strength is kg f / cal.

Further, the reason why an admixture is mixed into the mortar used in the present invention is as follows.

Further, in the present invention, it has been confirmed that the thickness of the base conditioning mortar layer is desirably about 3 to 4 mm in consideration of workability and adhesiveness. This is thought to be due to the fact that in the case of a thin mortar layer, there is a lack of water necessary for the hydration reaction of cement due to water absorption by the base and dissipation of water due to evaporation from the surface. However, there are 3 to 4 ■1 points to note during construction.
If a certain thickness is sprayed at once, sagging will occur, so repeat spraying twice to ensure the desired thickness.

Base adjustment mortar layer sprayed on concrete is 3-4
Due to the thinness of the fins, conventional mortar formulations experience a dry-out phenomenon, resulting in poor adhesion.

Therefore, in order to prevent dryout and ensure good adhesion when sprayed onto concrete surfaces, water retention agents,
It is necessary to mix admixtures such as adhesion enhancers. Methyl cellulose (hereinafter referred to as MC) is used as a water retention agent, and synthetic resin emulsion such as ethylene acetate (hereinafter referred to as EVA), acrylic styrene (hereinafter referred to as AS), or styrene butene rubber is used as an adhesion enhancer. Synthetic rubber latex such as (hereinafter referred to as SBR) is used.

However, if a large amount of synthetic resin emulsion or synthetic rubber latex is mixed in, sagging occurs when mortar is sprayed.
Unable to obtain uniform thickness and uneven surface. Therefore, the adhesion enhancer used in the present invention is prepared by diluting the stock solution with 3 to 4 times as much clean water to make an aqueous solution, adding this to mortar, and kneading it until a softness suitable for spraying is obtained. AdjustmentAdjust the mortar. In this case, the amount of solid content of the resin added is 5 to 10% by weight of the cement. Note that the amount of MC mixed is 0.2% of the weight of cement.

In the present invention, we experimentally determined the relationship between each admixture and adhesive strength, and as shown in Table 2, we found that the combination of MC and AS has the highest strength development under high and low temperature conditions.2 Durability against repeated heating and cooling. Good results were obtained in terms of properties and other properties compared to other admixtures. However, the combination of MC and SBR and the combination of MC and EVA showed better adhesive strength than MC alone.

(Margin below) Table 2 Types of admixtures and adhesive strength Note) The unit of adhesive strength is Kgf/cd.

Furthermore, it was confirmed that curing with water sprinkling within 24 hours after spraying the base preparation mortar is an effective means for obtaining good adhesive strength.

That is, the base conditioning mortar layer used in the present invention has a thickness of 3 to 4 m.
Because the mortar is so thin, the moisture in the mortar tends to dissipate into the concrete base or into the atmosphere, resulting in a lack of moisture necessary for hydration of the cement in the mortar.

Therefore, it is desirable to promote the development of strength of the mortar by sprinkling water on the surface of the base mortar layer within 24 hours after spraying the base conditioning mortar to replenish moisture. The effect of this water sprinkling on adhesion is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Water spraying and adhesive strength Note) The unit of adhesive strength is kgf/cj.

Also, sprinkle water within 24 hours after spraying the base preparation mortar, and paste the tiles when the drying and shrinkage of the base preparation mortar is almost completed. It usually takes about 1 to 2 weeks for this base preparation mortar to dry and shrink. Therefore, in the present invention, the leaving time is set to one week or more. In addition, 24 hours after spraying the base preparation mortar, the tiles are pasted without watering.

Furthermore, when forming the base conditioning mortar layer on the base concrete wall surface, it is desirable to perform a frame surface treatment.

Here, the skeleton surface treatment is as follows.

Repair any protrusions or slabs that appear on the concrete surface after demolding using an appropriate method. Also, if the plywood formwork is used, wood chips, etc. may adhere to the outer wall surface and cause corrosion in the future. Be sure to remove them as they can cause spacing. The surface strength of the concrete surface may be reduced due to a weak layer such as laitance or poor hardening, so remove the weak layer by high-pressure water washing, 12-year brushing, etc., and expose the strong concrete base material. After that, spray. In addition, warming the water before construction is effective in preventing dry-out of the mortar that is applied all at once, that is, in preventing the dissipation of the moisture necessary for hydration of the cement. In the present invention, where the mortar layer applied to the concrete base surface is thin, it is essential to moisten the base surface with water. However, dampening immediately before applying mortar tends to create a water film or blisters on the concrete surface, which can easily cause poor adhesion, so watering should be carried out at least one hour before spraying.

In addition, the mortar used when attaching tiles to the base preparation mortar layer has a volume ratio of 1 part ordinary Portland cement.
For this, mix 1 to 2 pieces of fine sand, about silica sand No. 4 or below, and mix it.
Use an admixture solution of about 5 times the amount of water. A richly mixed mortar containing more cement than this ratio will have a large shrinkage and will have less elasticity after hardening, resulting in poor durability.

The total thickness of this pasting mortar layer and the base adjustment mortar layer is preferably about 6 to 8 fins on the back side of the tile, so the thickness of this pasting mortar layer is about 2 to 5 + u.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Example 1 First, cement: sand (maximum particle size 1.5 mm) -1:1
．． Using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 6, add a base-adjusting mortar made by adding MC0.02 and AS (4 times liquid) to the mortar of No. It was sprayed onto a concrete wall 1 from a distance of 45 cm as shown in FIG. The thickness of the base conditioning mortar layer 2 at that time was 3 to 4 am, and the difference between the concave and convex portions on the uneven surface was 1 to 2 mm.

After 24 hours, water was sprinkled on this base preparation mortar layer 2 to promote hydration of the cement. After being left for two weeks, a mortar layer 3 was added to this base preparation mortar layer 2 using 1 part of ordinary Portland cement, 2 parts of fine sand (about the size of No. 4 silica sand), and 5 times as much admixture solution as mixed pure water. Tile 4 through
I pasted it.

The adhesive strength of the resulting tile was 14.3 Kgf/cJ.

Example 2 Cement: Silica sand (maximum particle size 1.5 mm) = 1:
1.5 mortar, MC 0.0 to 1 cement
2 and EVA (4 times liquid) was added using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 6, and the discharge pressure was 8 kg.
Then, it was sprayed onto the concrete wall 1 from a distance of about 45 cm, as shown in FIG. At that time, the thickness of the base conditioning mortar layer 2 was 3 to 4 mm, and the difference between the concave and convex portions on the uneven surface was 1 to 2 -■.

After 24 hours, water was sprinkled on this base preparation mortar layer 2.
I left it to cure for several days. Next, this base adjustment mortar layer 2
Then, tiles 4 were pasted through a mortar layer 3 using ff1ll portland cement 1, silica sand 2, fine sand below No. 4, MC 0.002, and an admixture solution of 5 times the amount of pure water. .

The adhesive strength of the obtained tile was 13.5Kgf/cni
Met.

Example 3 Cement: Silica sand (maximum particle size 1.5 mm) = 1:
1.5 mortar, MC0,0 per cement l
Using a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 6 fins, a base conditioning mortar containing 2 and SBR (4 times liquid) was sprayed onto the concrete wall l at a discharge pressure of 8 kg from a distance of approximately 45 cm, as shown in Figure 1. . The thickness of the base conditioning mortar layer 2 at that time was 3 to 4 fins, and the difference between the concave and convex portions on the uneven surface was 1 to 2N.

After 24 hours, water was sprinkled on this base preparation mortar layer 2.
I left it to cure for several days. Next, this base adjustment mortar layer 2
To 1 liter of ordinary Portland cement, 2 silica sand, fine sand below No. 4, 0.002 MC, and 5 5 pure water mixed.
Tile 4 was pasted through mortar layer 3 using twice as much admixture solution.

The adhesive strength of the obtained tiles was 10. IXgf/cfl
It was I.

Comparative example cement: Silica sand (maximum particle size 1.5 mm) = 1:
A base-adjusting mortar made by adding MC to mortar No. 1.5 was applied to the concrete wall using a wooden pot. The thickness of the base conditioning mortar layer at that time was 3 to 4 fl.

This base preparation mortar was left to cure for 14 days.

For this base preparation mortar layer, add 1 part of ordinary Portland cement, 2 parts of fine sand, about the size of No. 4 silica sand, and 0.0 of MC.
Tiles were pasted through a mortar layer which had been mixed with 02 and fresh water.

The adhesive strength of the resulting tile was 3.6 Kgf/cd.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, in the present invention, a mortar containing an admixture is sprayed onto a concrete wall surface using a spray gun to form a base adjustment mortar layer, so the pressure of troweling that is generated when a plasterer applies the base mortar to a concrete wall surface. This eliminates non-uniformity caused by differences in bonding properties, resulting in adhesive bonding with less variation.

Since the base preparation mortar layer is sprayed with a spray gun, a moderately uneven surface is formed on the surface, and the tiling mortar digs into this surface, preventing the tiling mortar from shifting as would occur when installing on a smooth concrete wall surface. Good adhesive strength can be obtained without causing any problems.

Furthermore, since the tiles are pasted on top of the base conditioning mortar layer containing an admixture, there is no variation in adhesive strength due to uneven water absorption, which occurs when applying a thin mortar layer directly to the concrete base.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Concrete wall surface, 2... Base adjustment mortar layer, 3... Mortar layer, 4... Tile. Figure 1

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) When attaching tiles to a concrete wall through mortar, spray mortar mixed with an admixture onto the concrete wall using a spray gun to form a base conditioning mortar layer with a moderately uneven surface, and this base conditioning mortar layer hardens. A tiling method characterized by pasting tiles afterwards. (2) The tiling method according to claim 1, wherein the base conditioning mortar layer has a thickness of about 3 to 4 m. (3) The tiling method according to claim 1, wherein the uneven surface formed on the surface of the base conditioning mortar layer has a difference of 1 to 2 mm between concave portions and convex portions. (4) Mortar mixed with admixture is cement: aggregate = 1:1
The tiling method according to claim 1, wherein an admixture such as a water retaining agent and an adhesion enhancer is mixed in the tiling method at a volume ratio of 1:1.5. (5) The tiling method according to claim 1, wherein the water retention agent is methylcellulose. (6) The tiling method according to claim 4, wherein the adhesion enhancer is a synthetic resin emulsion, synthetic rubber latex, or the like. (7) The tiling method according to claim 4, wherein the aggregate has a maximum particle size of 1.5 mm or less. (8) Mortar mixed with admixture is cement: aggregate = 1:1
5. The tiling method according to claim 4, wherein an admixture containing methylcellulose and acrylic styrene is added at a volume ratio of 1:1.5. (9) The tiling method according to claim 1, characterized in that after spraying the base conditioning mortar, water is sprinkled within 24 hours, and the tiles are attached after the base conditioning mortar develops strength.