JPH0122632B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a musical tone generator using a waveform memory read method, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a musical tone generating device that uses a waveform memory read method, and more specifically, it stores the entire waveform or a part of the waveform from the start to the end of musical tone generation. The present invention relates to a musical tone generating device that reads a waveform memory and generates musical tones.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, the entire waveform from the start to the end of a musical tone, or a multi-cycle waveform of a part thereof, is stored in a waveform memory, and by reading this waveform memory, it is possible to generate a high-quality musical tone that closely resembles that of a natural musical instrument. There is a musical tone generating device that can generate musical tones (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 121313/1983).

However, since this musical tone generator reads out all or part of the waveform stored in the waveform memory and directly generates it as a musical tone signal, the timbre changes of the generated musical tone are uniform and musically interesting. The disadvantage is that there is no Therefore, we have implemented key scaling control, which changes the timbre according to the pitch and range of the musical sound to be generated, and touch response control, which changes the timbre according to the operational state of the performance keys (operation speed, operation strength), as well as various controls. In order to perform operator control that changes the timbre according to the operating state of the controller, it is necessary to provide multiple waveform memories for each control content and select and read out one of these memories, which complicates the configuration. A disadvantage has arisen that the capacity of the waveform memory becomes enormous.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

This invention is an attempt to solve the problems of complicating the configuration when performing tone change control such as key scaling control and the problem of the waveform memory having an enormous capacity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone generating device that can apply tone color changes such as key scaling control with a small-capacity waveform memory configuration.

[Means and actions for solving problems]

The present invention includes a waveform changing means for changing waveform information read from a waveform memory to form waveform information of a different tone, and a method for synthesizing the waveform information output from the waveform changing means and the waveform information read from the waveform memory. a synthesis means; and a synthesis ratio control means for controlling a synthesis ratio of two waveform information in the synthesis means based on timbre adjustment information outputted from a timbre adjustment means such as a key scaling circuit or a touch response circuit; The output is outputted as a musical tone signal with timbre changes added.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram showing one embodiment of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied. The electronic musical instrument of this embodiment is provided with a plurality of time-division sounding channels, and a keyboard for each of the time-sharing sounding channels. By assigning one or more keys to be pressed, musical tones corresponding to the plurality of keys to be pressed can be generated at the same time. In FIG. 1, 1 is a keyboard equipped with a plurality of performance keys for specifying the pitch of musical tones to be generated; 2 is a keyboard that detects pressed keys on keyboard 1;
This key assigner assigns a key code KC corresponding to each pressed key to one of a plurality of time-division sounding channels (hereinafter simply referred to as sounding channels) and outputs it in a time-division manner at a timing synchronized with the assigned channel. In this case, the key assigner 2 assigns a key code KC corresponding to the pressed key, and at the same time outputs a key-on signal KON that continues at logic "1" until the pressed key is released in synchronization with the assigned channel, and When the key code KC of a pressed key is assigned to one of the sounding channels, a short pulse width key-on pulse KONP (“1” signal) indicating this is output at a timing synchronized with the assigned channel.

3 is the key code output from key assigner 2
A note clock generator that outputs a note clock signal NCK of a frequency corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key based on KC in a time-division manner for each sound channel; 4 is a gate that selectively passes the note clock signal NCK; 5 is a gate that selectively passes the note clock signal NCK; This is an address counter that counts the note clock signal NCK inputted to each tone generation channel for each sound generation channel to form an address signal AD of a waveform memory in the tone generator 10, which will be described later. This address counter 5 has a plurality of count channels corresponding to a plurality of sound generation channels, and receives a note clock signal inputted from the note clock generator 3 at a timing corresponding to each sound generation channel.
The NCK is counted by each corresponding count channel, and the count value of each count channel is time-divisionally output as the address signal AD of the waveform memory.

In this case, when a new pressed key is assigned to the corresponding sound generation channel, the previous count value of each count channel is reset by the key-on pulse KONP output from the key assigner 2, and a new count value is generated from this reset value. Start operation.

6 is an end address detection circuit that detects whether the address signal AD of each sound generation channel output from the address counter 5 has reached the final address value of the waveform memory; In this case, an inhibit signal is supplied to the gate 4 via the inverter 8 at the time division timing of the sound generation channel of this address signal AD, and the counting operation of the count channel that has reached the final address value in the address counter 5 is stopped. .

A timbre selection circuit 9 selects a desired timbre such as piano or violin, and outputs timbre selection information TC representing the selected timbre.

10 includes a waveform memory that stores waveform information regarding the entire waveform of a musical tone from the start to the end for each tone selectable by the tone selection circuit 9;
The waveform information of this waveform memory is transferred to the address counter 5.
This is a tone generator that generates a musical tone signal G corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key by reading it with an address signal AD given from ing. This sound generation channel is constructed by using a circuit including a waveform memory in a time-division manner.

11 detects the operating speed or operating strength of the keys on the keyboard 1, and provides touch information indicating this.
A touch detection circuit 12 outputs a TS, and a touch detection circuit 12 generates touch data with characteristics suitable for the selected timbre based on the touch information TS output from the touch detection circuit 11 and the timbre selection information TC output from the timbre selection circuit 9.
This is a touch data generation circuit that outputs TD according to touch information TS, and here outputs three series of touch data TD ₁ to _{TD 3} .

13 is an envelope signal ENV which starts its operation in response to the key-on signal KON outputted from the key assigner 2 and changes the timbre and amplitude of the musical tone signal G formed by each sound generation channel over time from its rise to fall. The envelope signal ENV generated from this circuit has a different waveform shape for each selected tone indicated by the tone selection information TC, and three series of envelope signals ENV ₁ to 1 are generated for each selected tone.
Output as ENV ₃ .

14, based on the key code KC output from the key assigner 2 and the timbre selection information TC output from the timbre selection circuit 9, the timbre and amplitude of the musical tone signal G formed in each sound generation channel are adjusted to the tonal range of the pressed key and the selected timbre. This is a key scaling control circuit that outputs key scaling information KS for controlling accordingly, and like the circuits 12 and 13 described above, three series of key scaling information KS ₁ to KS ₃ are output here as well.

Reference numeral 15 denotes an operator circuit which is equipped with a plurality of operators for controlling the tone color and volume such as the brightness of musical tones, and outputs operator information OPD according to the operation status of these operators. Operator information OPD ₁ to OPD ₃ is output.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a DA converter that converts the digital musical tone signal G of each sound generation channel formed by the tone generator 10 into an analog musical tone signal, and causes the sound system 17 to generate a musical tone.

Note that the touch data generation circuit 12, envelope signal generation circuit 13, and key scaling control circuit 14 control the timbre and amplitude of the musical tone signal G for each sound generation channel, so they generate three series of touch data TD ₁ to TD ₃ and key scaling. Information KS ₁ ~ KS ₃
And envelope signals ENV ₁ to _{ENV 3} are output in synchronization with time division timing corresponding to each sound generation channel. Here, the touch data generation circuit 12
The touch data TD ₁ to _{TD 3} output by the envelope signal generating circuit 13 and the envelope signal output by the envelope signal generation circuit 13
ENV ₁ to EENV ₃ and key scaling information KS ₁ to output by the key scaling control circuit 14
Examples of KS ₃ are shown in Figures 3a, b, and c, respectively.
In this case, the data output characteristics of each circuit 12 to 14 differ depending on the tone color indicated by the tone color selection information TC.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the tone generator 10, in which waveform information regarding all waveforms from the start to the end of musical tones is collected for each selectable tone by the tone selection circuit 9. The stored waveform memory 100 and this waveform memory 100
Tone color circuit 10 that changes waveform information WV ₀ read out according to tone selection information TC and address signal AD to waveform information WV ₁ of another tone.
1. It also includes multipliers 102 and 103 and an adder 104 that weight the waveform information WV ₀ read from the waveform memory 100 and the waveform information WV ₁ output from the timbre circuit 101 and then combine them. The multiplier 105 weights the synthesized waveform information WV ₂ and outputs it as a musical tone signal. Furthermore, the three series of touch data TD ₁ ~
TD ₃ , envelope signal ENV ₁ to ENV ₃ , key scaling information KS ₁ to KS ₃ , and control information
Combination of signals of the same series among OPD ₁ to OPD ₃ [TD ₁ , ENV ₁ , KS ₁ , OPD ₁ ] to [TD ₃ , ENV ₃ ,
KS ₃ , OPD ₃ ], a coefficient E ₁ for weighting the waveform information WV ₀ in the multiplier 102, a coefficient E ₂ for weighting the waveform information WV ₁ in the multiplier 103, and a composite waveform information in the multiplier 105. Three coefficient generation circuits 106 to 108 each generating a coefficient E ₃ for weighting WV ₂
It is equipped with

In this case, the coefficient generation circuits 106 to 108 are constituted by an arithmetic circuit, a memory, or a combination thereof, while the timbre circuit 101 is constituted by a digital filter or the like having desired filter characteristics. Further, all of the parts constituting the tone generator 10 operate in a time-division manner, and form musical tone signals assigned to each sound generation channel in a time-division manner.

The operation of the tone generator 10 configured as above will be explained. Note that, in order to simplify the explanation, one sound generation channel will be explained below.

From the waveform memory 100, waveform information corresponding to the timbre represented by the timbre selection information TC is sent to the address signal AD.
Accordingly, the waveform information WV 0 is sequentially read out at a speed corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key, and the read waveform information WV ₀ is supplied to the multiplier 102 and weighted by being multiplied by a coefficient E ₁ . Also, this waveform information
WV ₀ is input to the tone circuit 101 . The timbre circuit 101 changes the waveform shape (timbre) of the waveform information WV ₀ and outputs it as waveform information WV ₁ . The waveform information WV ₁ output from the tone color circuit 101 is input to a multiplier 103, where it is weighted by being multiplied by a coefficient E ₂ .

The waveform information _E1・weighted in this way
WV and E ₂ ·WV ₁ are combined by being added in an adder 104, and are further input to a multiplier 105, where they are further weighted by being multiplied by a coefficient E ₃ .

Here, for example, it is assumed that the filter characteristic of the tone circuit 101 is a high-pass filter characteristic, that the key scaling control circuit 14 outputs key scaling information KS ₁ to KS ₃ as shown in FIG. Coefficients E ₁ to _{E 3} output from circuits 106 to 108 and key scaling information KS ₁
~KS ₃ is set as shown in the graph of FIG. 4, the weight of the two waveform information E ₁ ·WV ₀ and E ₂ ·WV ₁ synthesized by the adder 104 is the information E ₂ ·
WV ₁ gets louder as it gets higher,
The higher the musical tone, the more the high-order harmonic components are gradually emphasized. Also, the amplitude of the musical tone after synthesis is a coefficient
Since E ₃ becomes smaller as the range becomes higher, the amplitude of musical tones in the higher range becomes smaller in proportion to this.

Similarly, if the relationship between the touch data TD ₁ - TD ₃ and the coefficients E ₁ - _{E 3} is set as shown in the graph of Fig. 5, the timbre will change as the operating speed or strength of the key increases. The weighting of the waveform information WV ₁ outputted from the circuit 101 becomes larger than that of the waveform information WV ₀ outputted from the waveform memory 100,
The larger the key touch, the more the high-order harmonic components are emphasized, and at the same time, a musical tone with a larger amplitude can be obtained.

Furthermore, if the relationship between the envelope signals ENV ₁ and ENV ₂ and the coefficients E ₁ and E ₂ is set as shown in the graph of Figure 6, the high-order harmonic components will be emphasized in the rising part of the musical tone, and in the falling part. A musical tone with suppressed high-order harmonic components can be obtained.

Operator information output from the operator circuit 15
Similarly, for OPD ₁ to OPD ₃ , by appropriately setting the relationship with the coefficients E ₁ to _{E 3} , it is possible to vary the sound and volume from the rise to the fall of the musical tone depending on the operating state of the controller. .

In addition, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 1, the key code KC, touch information TS, and operator information OPD ₁ to OPD ₃ are input to the envelope signal generation circuit 13.
Each envelope signal EV ₁ to _{EV 3} shown in FIG. 3b
The rise time and the fall (decay) time and the level of each part can be changed in a more complex manner by appropriately changing the range of the pressed key, the operating speed or operating strength, and the operating state of the operator in the operator circuit 15. You can get a musical tone.

Note that in the embodiment described above, the waveform memory 100
The waveform information WV ₀ outputted from the timbre circuit 101 is considered to be the main sound source, and the waveform information WV ₁ outputted from the timbre circuit 101 is considered to be the subordinate sound source, but the same effect can be obtained even if these relationships are completely reversed. Furthermore, although the synthesis ratio of the two waveform information WV ₀ and WV ₁ and the amplitude level after synthesis are controlled by the coefficients E ₁ to E ₃ , the filter characteristics of the tone circuit 101 are also controlled in the same way. , the timbre of musical tones can be controlled in a more complex manner.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the tone generator 10. The tone generator 10' of this embodiment is used in a single-tone electronic musical instrument, and has a single-tone configuration (only one sounding channel). It's summery. This tone generator 10' has a tone circuit 101 in the tone generator 10 of FIG. 2, a shift register 1010, a selector 10,
11, consists of a decoder 1012, and a waveform memory 100 in each stage of the shift register 1010.
The waveform information WV ₀ read out from each stage is sequentially transferred in sample point units (memory address units) according to the note clock signal NCK, and the delayed waveform information WV ₀ in sample point units is taken out from each stage and sent to the selector 1011. nt time (n=
The decoder 1012 decodes the amplitude level of the previous waveform information WV ₀ (number of stages, t = sample point time interval), and outputs each stage of the shift register 1010 according to the amplitude level of the waveform information WV ₀ nt hours ago. A selector 1011 makes a selection, and the selected output is input to a multiplier 103 as waveform information _VW1 .

According to this configuration, the waveform information WV ₁ output from the selector 1011 relates to a sample point different from the sample point specified by the address signal AD, and the sample points of the output waveform information WV ₁ are irregular. , selector 10
As a result, waveform information WV ₁ representing a waveform equivalent to the waveform obtained by the feedback frequency modulation method in which the address signal AD is modulated in accordance with the output of the waveform memory 100 is obtained from 11 .

In this case, instead of inputting the final stage output of the shift register 1010 to the decoder 1012, the output of the selector 1011 may be inputted, and further, instead of controlling the selector 1011 with the output of the decoder 1012, as shown in FIG. As shown by the broken line, the control may be performed by the output of the modulation waveform memory 1013, which is read out by the desired address signal AD' (which may be the same as the address signal AD); in either case, the output from the selector 1011 is Waveform information WV ₁ representing a complexly modulated waveform will be output. In addition, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 7, a shift register 1010
A digital filter 1014 is interposed on the input side of the filter, and the filter characteristics of this filter 1014 are expressed as coefficients.
By controlling by E ₃ , waveform information WV ₁ representing a waveform equivalent to that obtained by applying a frequency modulation effect in a predetermined frequency band can be obtained.

According to the above embodiment, in order to realize various timbre changes, the waveform information read from the waveform memory and the waveform information obtained by changing this waveform information are appropriately adjusted using the timbre adjustment information from the key scaling control circuit, etc. Since the configuration is configured to synthesize and output at a ratio, only one waveform memory is required, and furthermore, since it is only necessary to control the synthesis ratio, the configuration has the advantage of being extremely simple.

In the embodiments described above, the waveform memory stores the entire waveform from the rise (start of sound) to the fall (end of sound) of the musical tone. It is also possible to store only the entire waveform and a portion of the subsequent waveforms. In addition, the waveform memory does not store all the waveform information at each sample point of the waveform to be stored, but only the waveform information at discrete sample points, and the waveform information at intermediate sample points is stored by interpolation. It may be calculated. Furthermore, the period from the rise to the fall of a musical tone is divided into multiple frames, and each frame is divided into one representative frame.
Only the waveform information of a period or two periods of the waveform may be stored, and this waveform information may be read out repeatedly while being sequentially switched. Furthermore, if necessary, when the waveform is switched, the previous waveform and the next new waveform may be read out. It is also possible to perform interpolation calculations to form smoothly changing waveform information. Furthermore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 142396/1982, only waveform information of a plurality of cycles of musical sound waveforms may be stored in a waveform memory, and this waveform information may be read out repeatedly. In this way, the capacity of the waveform memory can be further reduced. In addition, the waveform information encoding method in this case is not limited to the normal pulse code encoding method (PCM method), but also the differential PCM method,
Delta modulation method (DM method), adaptive PCM method (ADPCM method), adaptive delta modulation method (ADM method)
Any method (method) may be used.

On the other hand, in the embodiment, the coefficient generation circuit was assumed to respond to all of the key scaling information, envelope signal, touch data, and control information.
It may be possible to respond to only some of these. Conversely, it may also respond to timbre selection information in addition to these key scaling information.

Further, in the embodiment, both the output of the waveform memory and the output of the timbre circuit are weighted, but one may be fixed and only the other weighted.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, the address signal for reading out the waveform information from the waveform memory is formed by counting the note clock signal, but it is also possible to accumulate or add/subtract frequency information corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key. It may also be formed by twisting.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, musical tones are generated by applying the present invention over the entire period from the rise to the fall of the musical tones, but it is possible to generate musical tones for a part of the entire period from the rise to the fall of the musical tones ( For example, the present invention may be applied to only the attack section (or only the connection section after the attack section) to generate musical tones.

Furthermore, this invention is not limited to multitone electronic musical instruments.
It can be used to generate musical tones for single-note electronic musical instruments, and can also be used not only to generate musical tones corresponding to scale tones, but also to generate rhythmic tones.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention synthesizes waveform information read from a waveform memory and waveform information obtained by changing this waveform information at a ratio corresponding to timbre adjustment information such as key scaling control, and generates a musical tone signal. Even if there is only one type of high-quality waveform stored in the waveform memory, based on this stored waveform, similarly high-quality waveforms can be generated with various timbre changes (the sound of a key touch or key press). It is now possible to achieve high-quality timbre changes in a relatively small-scale and low-cost configuration. be effective.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram showing one embodiment of an electronic musical instrument using the musical tone generator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the detailed configuration of the tone generator in FIG. 1, and FIG. Graphs showing examples of settings for touch data, envelope signals, and key scaling information in the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIGS. 4 to 6 are graphs showing examples of coefficient settings in the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the tone generator. 1...Keyboard, 10...Tone generator, 1
2... Touch data generation circuit, 13... Envelope signal generation circuit, 14... Key scaling control circuit, 15... Operator circuit, 100... Waveform memory, 101... Tone circuit, 102, 103, 1
05... Multiplier, 104... Adder, 106-1
08...Coefficient generation circuit, 1010...Shift register, 1011...Selector, 1012...Decoder, 1013...Modulation waveform memory.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Pitch specifying means for specifying the pitch of a musical sound to be generated, and storing waveform information regarding a part or all of the musical sound waveform from the start of sound generation to the end of sound generation,
a waveform storage means for reading the waveform information according to the pitch specified by the pitch specification means; and a waveform change for changing the waveform information read from the waveform storage means to form waveform information of a different tone color. a timbre adjustment means for generating timbre adjustment information for adjusting a musical tone to be generated to a desired timbre; and a timbre adjustment means for synthesizing the waveform information read from the waveform storage means and the waveform information output from the waveform changing means. A musical tone generating device comprising: a synthesizing means for outputting a musical tone signal; and a synthesizing ratio control means for controlling a synthesizing ratio of two pieces of waveform information in the synthesizing means based on the timbre adjustment information. 2. The musical tone generation according to claim 1, wherein the timbre adjustment means is a key scaling control circuit that outputs timbre adjustment information of different values depending on the pitch or range of the musical tone to be generated. Device. 3. The pitch specifying means is a keyboard having a plurality of keys, and the tone adjustment means is a touch data generation circuit that outputs tone adjustment information of different values depending on the key operation state of the keyboard. A musical tone generating device according to claim 1. 4. The musical tone generating device according to claim 1, wherein the timbre adjustment means is an operator circuit that outputs timbre adjustment information of different values depending on the operating state of the timbre adjustment operator. 5. The musical tone generating device according to claim 1, wherein the tone color adjustment means is a tone color selection circuit that outputs tone color adjustment information of different values depending on the tone color selection content of the tone color selection operator. 6. Claim 1, wherein the timbre adjustment means is an envelope signal generation circuit that outputs an envelope signal that changes over time from the rise to the fall of a musical tone as timbre adjustment information.
The musical tone generator described in Section 1. 7. Claim 1, wherein the waveform changing means is a digital filter that inputs the waveform information read from the waveform storage means.
The musical tone generator described in Section 1. 8. The synthesis ratio control means is a coefficient generation circuit that generates a coefficient that determines the synthesis ratio of two waveform information in the synthesis means in accordance with the content of the timbre adjustment information. 1
The musical tone generator described in Section 1.