JP7853835B2 - Drywall material and waterproofing structure for openings - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to a drywall material and a waterproofing structure for openings used in buildings and structures, which prevents rainwater from penetrating the wall substrate through the gap between the drywall material and openings such as sashes.

Generally, when forming a wall using a drywall material with a sandwich structure consisting of a metal plate as the surface material, a synthetic resin foam as the core material, and a sheet-like material as the backing material, or a drywall material made of inorganic materials, a gap is formed between the end of the drywall material and openings such as sashes by butting. One method of sealing this gap is to fill it with caulking material and then install it using a U-shaped trim or an L-shaped flashing.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-179872 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-031998 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-031185

However, references 1 and 2 use a structure where backing agent and jointing material are filled into the gaps, making water leakage due to material deterioration unavoidable. Furthermore, while reference 3 incorporates a drainage component on the back side (above the sash) of the structure in reference 1, there was a risk of rainwater flowing down the side of the sash seeping into the wall substrate from the side.

To solve these drawbacks, the present invention provides a waterproofing structure for drywall materials used in buildings and structures, and for openings such as sashes, using a water drainage member comprising: a long sacrificial plate formed in a substantially L-shape in cross-section from a vertically planar fixing surface and a waterproof surface formed by folding the lower end of the fixing surface outwards; a trim formed from a vertically planar fixing piece, a side piece with one end of the fixing piece folded back at a substantially 90-degree angle, and a decorative piece protruding substantially parallel to the fixing piece from the tip of the side piece; a waterproof section in cross-section with an L-shape; and a drainage member comprising a gutter-shaped water drainage section protruding outwards from the lower end. A continuous seal is formed on the upper surface of the opening, and the waterproof surface of the sacrificial plate is placed and fixed via the seal. The present invention provides a waterproofing structure for a drywall and an opening, in which a stopper is fixed to the lower surface of the opening with a gap in between, a stopper is fixed to both sides of the opening with a gap in between, a stopper is fixed to the upper surface of the opening with a gap in between, a stopper is fixed to the upper surface of the opening with a gap in between to form a drainage hole, the waterproof part of the water-flow member is fixed to the fixing piece at the lower end of the stopper formed on both sides of the opening, drywall material cut to fit the opening is installed via the stopper of the opening, a seal is formed in the gap between the opening and the stopper, and a gap is formed on the upper surface of the opening without a seal, thus providing a waterproofing structure for a drywall and an opening.

The drywall material and opening waterproofing structure according to the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as the waterproofing structure) has the following features and effects: (1) Drainage holes are formed in the edge of the upper surface of the opening, and a gap is formed in the upper surface of the opening, so that rainwater flowing from the surface of the drywall material can be quickly drained to the outside. (2) Multiple notches are formed in the edge of the lower part of the opening, so even if the external pressure increases due to wind and rain, the internal pressure inside the edge also increases, making it difficult for rainwater to penetrate inside. (3) By forming a water flow member, any rainwater that does penetrate inside can be quickly drained to the outside.

This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the first construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the first construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is an exploded view showing one embodiment of a water-flow member used in a waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is an explanatory diagram showing the molding sequence of the water-flowing member used in the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is an explanatory diagram showing the molding sequence of the water-flowing member used in the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is an explanatory diagram showing a cross-section of a water-flow member used in the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view of a water-flow member used in a waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a dry wall material used in a waterproofing structure according to the present invention, and a cross-sectional view showing the construction state. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a perspective view showing the construction state of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a base plate used in the general portion of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a decorative cap used in the general portion of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a decorative cap used in the general portion of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention.

The following describes in detail a typical example of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention, using drawings. Figures 1 to 5, 10, 11, 12, and 13 to 16 are explanatory diagrams illustrating the construction sequence of the waterproofing structure according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the structure consists of a wall substrate α and openings K such as sashes. Although not shown, a waterproof sheet is installed on the wall substrate α to ensure waterproofing.

First, as shown in Figure 1, a continuous sealant S is applied to the upper surface K2 of the opening K. Then, as indicated by arrow a, a sacrificial plate T is installed as shown in Figure 2. The sacrificial plate T consists of a fixing surface 1 and a waterproof surface 2. The sealant S is a caulking material made of silicone, modified silicone, polyurethane, or ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM).

Once the installation of the sacrificial plate T is complete, a trim piece X consisting of a fixing piece 3, a side piece 4, a decorative piece 5, and a space 6 formed by the fixing piece 3, the side piece 4, and the decorative piece 5 is installed on the side K1, top K2 , and bottom K3 of the opening K, as shown in Figure 2. At that time, as shown in Figure 2, the decorative piece 5 portion is cut out of the trim piece X, and an insertion piece X1 is formed by folding the side piece 4 back at a 90-degree angle. The insertion piece X1 is then inserted into the space 6 of the trim piece X, and the trim piece X is fixed around the opening K as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Of course, fasteners β such as nails and screws are used for fixing.

The trim X installed on the lower surface K2 has notches X2 formed by cutting out portions of the decorative piece 5 at regular intervals, as shown in the enlarged section b in Figure 2. These notches X2, after installation, make the internal pressure within the space 6 of the trim X formed on the lower surface K3 approximately equal to the external pressure, preventing rainwater from entering the interior. Furthermore, the trim X installed on the upper surface K2 has drainage holes 4a formed by cutting out portions of the side piece 4 at regular intervals, as shown in Figure 2.

The installation of the edge stop X involves first creating a 10 mm gap B at the bottom of the lower surface K3 and fixing the edge stop X in place. Then, a 10 mm gap B is created on the side surface K2 and the edge stop X is fixed in place. Finally, as shown in Figure 5, a 10 mm gap B is created on the top surface K1 and the edge stop X is fixed in place. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, a sealant S is formed before the installation of the edge stop X to prevent rainwater from running sideways between the sacrificial plate T and the back surface of the edge stop X.

The water-flowing member C is a member formed by bending a thin sheet of metal plate, as shown in Figures 6(a), (b) to 10(a), (b), with a trough-shaped water outlet 22 formed at the bottom to drain rainwater that has seeped inside to the outside.

As shown in Figure 11, the water-flow member C is installed on the lower edges X at both ends of the opening K, and is intended to allow rainwater and other water that has seeped inside to flow down to the surface side of the dry wall material A.

The cut-out plan view of the water flow component C is as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b).
Figure 6(a) shows the opening formed on the right side of K, and Figure 6(b) shows the opening formed on the left side of K. The dotted lines are cutting lines, the dotted lines are lines that are folded back at a 90-degree angle and rise up, and the dashed lines are lines that are folded back at a 180-degree angle.

The water-flowing member C is formed from a fixing portion 14, a fixing hole 14a, a tongue piece 15, a tongue piece 16, a rising piece 17, a side surface 18, a side surface 19, a side surface 20, a bottom surface 21, and a water-flowing opening 22.

Next, the processing method for the water-flow component C will be explained. As shown in Figures 7(a) and 7(b), the tongue pieces 15 and 16 are bent at a 180-degree angle.

Next , as shown in Figure 8(a), the rising piece 17 is folded 90 degrees . Then, as shown in Figure 8(b), the sides 18, 19, and 20 are folded 90 degrees along the dashed line. Note that Figures 8(a) and (b) only show the water flow member C on the right side of the opening K, but the water flow member C on the left side is processed in the same way.

Furthermore, Figure 9(a) is a cross-sectional view along line a-a in Figure 8(a), Figure 9(b) is a cross-sectional view along line b-b in Figure 8(a), Figure 9(c) is a cross-sectional view along line c-c in Figure 8(a), and Figure 9(d) is a cross-sectional view along line d-d in Figure 8(b). Figures 10(a) and (b) are perspective views of the water flow member C.

As shown in Figures 10(a) and (b), the water-flowing member C is formed from an L-shaped waterproof section C1 and a gutter-shaped water-flowing section C2 that protrudes outwards from its lower end. Rainwater collected by the waterproof section C1 and absorbed into the interior is then drained to the outside by the water-flowing section C2.

As shown in Figure 11, the water-flowing member C is fixed to the lower ends of the retaining edges X formed on both sides of the opening K by fasteners β.

Once the installation of the water-flow component C is complete, a packing P is formed as shown in Figure 11 to improve waterproofing. Furthermore, packing P is formed on the upper end of the fixing portion 14, the upper end of the rising piece 17, and the side surfaces of the tongue pieces 15 and 16. Of course, a sealant S may be formed instead of packing P.

As shown in Figure 11, once the installation of the water-flow member C, packing P, and sealant S is complete, the long drywall material A shown in Figure 13(a) is processed as shown in Figures 12 and 14 and installed on the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the opening K via the retaining trim X. At that time, as shown in Figure 15, the drywall material A is fixed at four points from the surface of the corner portion between the retaining trim X using fasteners β. Of course, the fasteners β are embedded with sealant S to ensure waterproofing.

As an example of drywall material A, as shown in Figure 13(a) (cross-sectional view of drywall material A) and Figure 13(b) (cross-sectional view of the installed state), a core material 10 is sandwiched between a metal surface material 8 and a back material 9, both made of thin metal plates. It is a long sandwich panel formed from a recess 11 at the lower end in the width direction, a protrusion 12 at the upper end, an upper end recess 12a formed by folding the back surface of the protrusion 12 upward, and a fixing part 13.

Note that P is a gasket formed to enhance waterproofing, windproofing, airtightness, and heat insulation.

The drywall materials A are fixed to the wall substrate α by fasteners β, as shown in Figure 13(b), by connecting the protrusions 12 with the recesses 11.

Drywall material A is formed from metal siding material, ceramic siding material, ceramic, etc. As an example of metal siding material, the metal surface material 8 is made from a thin metal sheet, such as iron, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum-zinc alloy plated steel sheet, galvalume steel sheet (registered trademark), enamel steel sheet, clad steel sheet, laminated steel sheet (PVC steel sheet, etc.), sandwich steel sheet (vibration-damping steel sheet, etc.), polyvinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, etc. (of course, this includes colored sheets painted in various shades), which is embossed roll-molded or press-molded. The backing material 9 may consist of one or more of the following laminated materials: aluminum vapor-deposited paper, kraft paper, asphalt felt, metal foil (Al, Fe, Pb, Cu), synthetic resin sheet, rubber sheet, cloth sheet, gypsum paper, aluminum hydroxide paper, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, or a sheet material that has been waterproofed or flame-retardant treated.

The core material 3 is made of a synthetic resin foam such as polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, phenolic foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyethylene foam, polystyrene foam, or urea foam. It is extruded onto the back side of the metal surface material 1 or back material 2, heated to react, foam, and harden, thereby forming the metal surface material 1 and back material 2 as a single unit. Furthermore, various flame retardants such as lightweight aggregates (perlite granules, glass beads, gypsum slag, talc, shirasu balloons, aluminum hydroxide, etc.) and fibrous materials (glass wool, rock wool, carbon fiber, graphite, etc.) can be mixed into the core material 3 to improve fire resistance and fire prevention.

Once the installation of the drywall material A into the opening K is complete, the corner cap H of the trim X is installed via the sealant S, as shown in Figures 15 and 16.

Once the drywall material A and the edge corner cap H have been installed, sealant S is applied to the gap B between the opening K and the edge X, as shown in Figure 16. At this time, a portion of the gap B between the upper surface K2 and the edge X is left unsealed, allowing rainwater that seeps into the edge X through gap B to be discharged through the drainage hole 4a formed on the upper surface K2 of the edge X.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 17, when installing drywall material A in the vertical joints of the general section, sealant S is applied from the fixing portion 13 of the fitting part of drywall material A to the fixing piece 3 of the trim X to enhance waterproofing.

Figures 18(a) to 20(a) to 20(c) are explanatory diagrams showing the trim board M1 and decorative cap M2 used for general-purpose edges, corners, and recessed corners.

A Drywall material a Arrow b Enlarged section B Gap C Water flow member C1 Waterproof section C2 Water flow section H Edge corner cap K Opening K1 Side K2 Top K3 Bottom M Joint section M1 Base plate M2 Decorative cap P Packing S Sealing T Sacrificial plate W Rainwater X Edge stop X1 Insertion piece X2 Notch α Wall base β Fixing device 1 Fixing surface 2 Waterproof surface 3 Fixing piece 4 Side piece 4a Drain hole 5 Decorative piece 6 Space 7 Notch 8 Metal surface material 9 Back material 10 Core material 11 Recess 12 Protrusion 12a Upper end recess 13 Fixing part 14 Fixing part 14a Fixing hole 15 Tongue piece 16 Tongue piece 17 Rising piece 18 Side 19 Side 20 Side surface 21 Bottom surface 22 Water outlet

Claims (1)

In a drywall material used in buildings and structures, and in a waterproofing structure for openings such as sashes, a water drainage member is used, which consists of a long, roughly L-shaped sacrificial plate formed from a vertically planar fixing surface and a waterproof surface formed by folding the lower end of the fixing surface outwards, a trim formed from a vertically planar fixing piece, a side piece with one end of the fixing piece folded back at approximately 90 degrees, a decorative piece protruding approximately parallel to the fixing piece from the tip of the side piece, a waterproof section with an L-shaped cross-section, and a gutter-shaped water drainage section protruding outwards from the lower end. A continuous seal is formed on the upper surface of the opening, and the waterproof surface of the sacrificial plate is placed and fixed via the seal, and the lower surface of the opening A waterproofing structure for a dry wall material and an opening, characterized in that a stopper is fixed to the opening through a gap, a stopper is fixed to both sides of the opening through a gap, a stopper is fixed to the top of the opening through a gap, a stopper is fixed to the top of the opening through a gap, a stopper is fixed to the bottom of the side piece which will be the bottom surface to form a drainage hole, the waterproof part of the water flow member is fixed to fixing pieces at the lower ends of the stoppers formed on both sides of the opening, a dry wall material cut to fit the opening is installed via the stopper of the opening, a seal is formed in the gap between the opening and the stopper, and a gap is formed on the top of the opening without a seal.