JP7752511B2 - Construction method of steel shell elements - Google Patents
Construction method of steel shell elementsInfo
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- JP7752511B2 JP7752511B2 JP2021179188A JP2021179188A JP7752511B2 JP 7752511 B2 JP7752511 B2 JP 7752511B2 JP 2021179188 A JP2021179188 A JP 2021179188A JP 2021179188 A JP2021179188 A JP 2021179188A JP 7752511 B2 JP7752511 B2 JP 7752511B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Description
本発明は、角形中空断面の鋼殻エレメントを順次、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順を繰り返して、地盤中に前記鋼殻エレメントによる閉合断面の外殻構造体を構築した後、この外殻構造体の内部土砂を除去することにより構築される外殻先行トンネルにおいて、トンネル方向に断面積が一定のトンネルを構築するための鋼殻エレメントの構築方法に関する。 This invention relates to a method for constructing steel shell elements for constructing a tunnel with a constant cross-sectional area in the tunnel direction in an outer shell leading tunnel, which is constructed by repeatedly inserting rectangular hollow cross-section steel shell elements into the ground while connecting the joints with previously inserted steel shell elements to construct a closed cross-section outer shell structure using the steel shell elements, and then removing the soil and sand from within this outer shell structure.
従来より、道路路線や鉄道路線の下方に立体交差するトンネルを構築する工法の一つとして、特殊な継手を有するとともに、１ｍ程度に分割された角形の鋼殻エレメントを、前記継手をつなぎ合わせながら連続して土中に設置し、その鋼殻エレメント内にコンクリートを充填して、それを部材とする外殻構造体を構築し、その後に、外殻構造体の内部の土砂を掘削除去することによってトンネルを完成させる非開削工法が実用化されている。 One of the methods currently in practical use for building tunnels that cross over roads or railways at grade separation is a trenchless construction method in which rectangular steel shell elements, each approximately 1 m long and equipped with special joints, are continuously placed underground while connecting the joints, and concrete is filled inside the steel shell elements to form an outer shell structure. The tunnel is then completed by excavating and removing the soil from inside the outer shell structure.
本出願人においても、下記特許文献１において、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと連結させながら順次鋼殻エレメントを貫入することにより地下構造物を構築するための鋼殻エレメントの継手構造において、止水部を備えた新たな継手構造について提案を行った。 The present applicant also proposed in Patent Document 1 below a new joint structure for steel shell elements equipped with a watertight section, which is used to construct underground structures by sequentially inserting steel shell elements while connecting them to steel shell elements that have already been inserted.
上記特許文献１にも開示されるように、従来の鋼殻エレメントの施工は、図９に示されるように、鋼殻エレメント５０として、一方の側面に、推進後に隣り合う鋼殻エレメント５０、５０の側板５１、５１間に残った土砂を除去するための開口５２がエレメント軸方向に沿って所定の間隔で設けられるとともに、この開口５２を封鎖するための閉止板５３が設けられたものが用いられ、図１０に示されるように、先行して貫入した鋼殻エレメント５０の凹継手５４に凸継手５５を嵌合させながら、後行の鋼殻エレメント５０を貫入した後、図１１に示されるように、先行の鋼殻エレメント５０の側板５１と後行の鋼殻エレメント５０の側板５１との間に残った土砂を、側板５１に設けられた開口５２を塞ぐ閉止板５３を取り外して、前記開口５２から除去するという手順で行われていた。 As disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, conventional steel shell elements are constructed as shown in Figure 9, using steel shell elements 50 with openings 52 provided at predetermined intervals along the element axial direction on one side for removing soil remaining between the side plates 51 of adjacent steel shell elements 50 after thrust, and with closing plates 53 for sealing these openings 52. As shown in Figure 10, the following steel shell element 50 is penetrated while the convex joint 55 is engaged with the concave joint 54 of the preceding penetrated steel shell element 50, and then, as shown in Figure 11, the closing plate 53 covering the opening 52 in the side plate 51 is removed and the soil remaining between the side plate 51 of the preceding steel shell element 50 and the side plate 51 of the following steel shell element 50 is removed through the opening 52.
このように、従来の施工では、先行する鋼殻エレメントと後行する鋼殻エレメントとの側板間の残土を、狭い坑内で人力で掘削除去しなければならないため、非常に手間がかかり、施工期間の長期化及びコストの増大を招いていた。 As such, with conventional construction, the soil between the side plates of the leading and trailing steel shell elements had to be excavated and removed manually in the narrow tunnel, which was extremely time-consuming, lengthening the construction period and increasing costs.
そこで本発明の主たる課題は、作業の省力化を図り、工期及びコストを低減した鋼殻エレメントの構築方法を提供することにある。 The primary objective of this invention is to provide a method for constructing steel shell elements that reduces labor and construction time and costs.
上記課題を解決するために請求項１に係る本発明として、角形中空断面の鋼殻エレメントを順次、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順を繰り返して、地盤中に前記鋼殻エレメントによる矩形状の閉合断面の外殻構造体を構築した後、この外殻構造体の内部土砂を除去することにより外殻先行トンネルを構築する際の前記鋼殻エレメントの構築方法であって、
前記鋼殻エレメントは、最初に貫入させる開始エレメントと、外殻構造体の上床版、下床版及び両側壁の中間部分に配置される標準エレメントと、外殻構造体の４つの隅部に配置される調整エレメントと、最後に貫入させる閉合エレメントとの４種類の鋼殻エレメントに分類され、
前記開始エレメントは、両側板にそれぞれ隣り合う鋼殻エレメント側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態で貫入する手順で設置し、
前記標準エレメントは、当該標準エレメントに対して連結して貫入される次のエレメント側にのみ断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
前記調整エレメントは、当該調整エレメントに対して連結して貫入される次のエレメント側にのみ断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
前記閉合エレメントは、仮鋼管は設けられておらず、先行して貫入設置された両隣の鋼殻エレメントにそれぞれ継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントに次順の鋼殻エレメントを貫入し、後行する鋼殻エレメントの設置が完了したならば、先行して貫入させた鋼殻エレメントに取り付けられた仮鋼管を前記ボルトを取り外して引き抜くことを特徴とする鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供される。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention according to claim 1 provides a method for constructing a shell preceding tunnel by repeating a procedure of sequentially inserting steel shell elements having a rectangular hollow cross section while connecting joints with inserted steel shell elements to construct a shell structure having a rectangular closed cross section in the ground using the steel shell elements, and then removing soil and sand from the shell structure, the method comprising:
The steel shell elements are classified into four types of steel shell elements: start elements to be inserted first; standard elements to be placed in the middle of the upper deck, lower deck and both side walls of the shell structure; adjustment elements to be placed in the four corners of the shell structure; and closing elements to be inserted last;
The starting element is installed by a procedure of inserting a temporary steel pipe, which expands the cross section of the starting element, into the adjacent steel shell element side on both side plates with a bolt;
The standard element is installed by a procedure in which a temporary steel pipe, which expands the cross section only on the side of the next element to be connected and inserted to the standard element, is attached with a bolt, and the standard element is inserted while connecting the joint parts with the inserted steel shell element,
The adjustment element is installed in a state in which a temporary steel pipe that expands the cross section only on the side of the next element to be connected to the adjustment element and inserted is attached with a bolt, and the adjustment element is inserted while connecting the joint portions with the inserted steel shell element,
The closing element is installed without a temporary steel pipe, by penetrating the adjacent steel shell elements that have been previously installed while connecting their joint portions to each other,
The method for constructing steel shell elements is characterized in that a subsequent steel shell element is inserted into an already inserted steel shell element, and when the installation of the succeeding steel shell element is completed, the temporary steel pipe attached to the previously inserted steel shell element is removed by removing the bolts and pulling out .
上記請求項１記載の発明では、特に標準エレメントと調整エレメントにおいて、連結して貫入される次のエレメント側にのみ断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置している。また、すべての鋼殻エレメントにおいては、後行する鋼殻エレメントの施工が完了した後、前記仮鋼管を引き抜く手順とする。これにより、前記仮鋼管を配置することによって拡大した断面の分だけ、先行して貫入させた鋼殻エレメントと次順の鋼殻エレメントとの側板間に溜まる残土の量が減少し、鋼殻エレメントの貫入設置後に掘削除去すべき残土の量が減少する。したがって、作業の省力化が図れ、工期及びコストの低減が可能になる。 In the invention described in claim 1, particularly for standard elements and adjustable elements, a temporary steel pipe that expands the cross section only on the side of the next element to be connected and inserted is attached with bolts, and the inserted steel element and the joint are connected to each other while being inserted. Furthermore, for all steel elements, the temporary steel pipe is removed after the installation of the succeeding steel element is completed. This reduces the amount of soil accumulated between the side plates of the previously inserted steel element and the next steel element by the amount of the expanded cross section caused by the placement of the temporary steel pipe, thereby reducing the amount of soil that must be excavated and removed after the steel element is inserted and installed. This reduces labor and construction time and costs.
請求項２に係る本発明として、前記各鋼殻エレメントは、角形中空断面と前記仮鋼管とを合わせた形状の最大幅寸法と最大高さ寸法とから規定される基本断面寸法をトンネル方向に一定としてある請求項１記載の鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供される。 The present invention, according to claim 2, provides a method for constructing steel shell elements as described in claim 1, in which each of the steel shell elements has a basic cross-sectional dimension defined by the maximum width and maximum height of the combined shape of the rectangular hollow cross section and the temporary steel pipe, which is constant in the tunnel direction.
上記請求項２記載の発明では、各鋼殻エレメントの断面形状は、基本的に掘削機の掘削断面形状と合致させるのがよいため、各鋼殻エレメントの基本断面寸法をトンネル方向に一定としている。 In the invention described in claim 2 above, the cross-sectional shape of each steel element is preferably matched to the excavation cross-sectional shape of the excavator, so the basic cross-sectional dimensions of each steel element are constant in the tunnel direction.
請求項３に係る本発明として、前記仮鋼管は、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント側に突出する継手部の先端部とほぼ一致する範囲まで断面が拡大するように配置されている請求項１、２いずれかに記載の鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供される。 The present invention, as set forth in claim 3, provides a method for constructing steel shell elements as set forth in either claim 1 or 2, in which the temporary steel pipe is arranged so that its cross section expands to a range that substantially coincides with the tip of the joint portion protruding toward the adjacent steel shell element.
上記請求項３記載の発明では、前記仮鋼管を、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント側に突出する継手部の先端部とほぼ一致する範囲まで断面が拡大するように配置することにより、鋼殻エレメントの貫入時に略矩形状の断面を掘削すればよくなり、掘削装置が単純化して汎用性が向上できる。 In the invention described in claim 3 above, by arranging the temporary steel pipe so that its cross section expands to a range that roughly coincides with the tip of the joint portion protruding toward the adjacent steel shell element, it is only necessary to excavate a roughly rectangular cross section when inserting the steel shell element, simplifying the excavation equipment and improving versatility.
請求項４に係る本発明として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントの凹継手に対して、次順の鋼殻エレメントの凸継手を連結させながら貫入する手順とする請求項１～３いずれかに記載の鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供される。 The present invention according to claim 4 provides a method for constructing a steel shell element according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , in which the next steel shell element is inserted while connecting the convex joint of the inserted steel shell element to the concave joint of the inserted steel shell element.
上記請求項４記載の発明では、貫入させる際に、鋼殻エレメントの凹継手部分は連結無しに貫入させ、次順の鋼殻エレメントの貫入時に、凸継手を設置済みの鋼殻エレメントの凹継手に連結させた状態で貫入設置している。この手順によると、鋼殻エレメントの貫入精度及び効率が良好になるとともに、同時に止水性も確保し易くなる。 In the invention of claim 4 , when the steel shell elements are inserted, the concave joints of the steel shell elements are inserted without being connected, and when the next steel shell element is inserted, the convex joints are connected to the concave joints of the already installed steel shell element. This procedure improves the insertion accuracy and efficiency of the steel shell elements, and at the same time makes it easier to ensure watertightness.
請求項５に係る本発明として、前記鋼殻エレメントを貫入させる際に使用される掘削機は、正面掘削部の形状が前記鋼殻エレメントの角形中空断面と前記仮鋼管とを合わせた形状に整合し、かつ胴体部に前記継手部に対応する土砂部分を掘削するための補助カッターを備えるか、もしくは前記掘削機で前記継手部を包括する範囲の余掘りを行う請求項１～４いずれかに記載の鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供される。 As a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a steel-shell element according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the shape of the front excavation section of the excavator used when inserting the steel-shell element matches the combined shape of the rectangular hollow cross section of the steel-shell element and the temporary steel pipe, and the body section is equipped with an auxiliary cutter for excavating the soil portion corresponding to the joint section, or the excavator performs over-excavation in an area that includes the joint section.
上記請求項５記載の発明では、前記鋼殻エレメントを貫入させる際に使用される掘削機として、正面掘削部の形状が前記鋼殻エレメントの角形中空断面と前記仮鋼管とを合わせた形状に整合し、かつ胴体部に前記継手部に対応する土砂部分を掘削するための補助カッターを備えるか、もしくは前記掘削機で前記継手部を包括する範囲の余掘を行うものを用いているため、掘削機による掘削部に鋼殻エレメントを貫入し易くなる。 In the invention described in claim 5 , the excavator used when penetrating the steel shell element has a front excavation section whose shape matches the combined shape of the rectangular hollow cross section of the steel shell element and the temporary steel pipe, and is equipped with an auxiliary cutter in the body section for excavating the soil portion corresponding to the joint section, or the excavator performs over-excavation in an area that includes the joint section, making it easier for the steel shell element to penetrate the excavation section excavated by the excavator.
以上詳説のとおり本発明によれば、作業の省力化が図れ、工期及びコストが低減できる鋼殻エレメントの構築方法が提供できるようになる。 As explained above in detail, the present invention provides a method for constructing steel shell elements that reduces labor and construction time and costs.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら詳述する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
本発明は、図１及び図２～図５に示されるように、角形中空断面の鋼殻エレメント３を順次、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２と継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順を繰り返して、地盤中に多数の鋼殻エレメントによって、断面視で矩形状や円形状、多角形状などの形状に閉合させた外殻構造体１を構築した後、この外殻構造体１の内部土砂を除去することにより外殻先行トンネルを構築する際の前記鋼殻エレメントの構築方法である。特に本発明は、トンネル方向に断面積が一定のトンネルを構築する方法である。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2 to 5, this invention relates to a method for constructing steel shell elements when constructing an outer shell leading tunnel by repeating the process of sequentially inserting steel shell elements 3 with rectangular hollow cross sections while connecting the joints with previously inserted steel shell elements 2, thereby constructing an outer shell structure 1 in the ground using a large number of steel shell elements that are closed into a rectangular, circular, polygonal, or other shape in cross section, and then removing the soil and sand from within this outer shell structure 1. In particular, this invention relates to a method for constructing a tunnel with a constant cross-sectional area in the tunnel direction.
前記外殻先行トンネル構築方法は、周辺地盤への影響が少ないなどの利点を有するため、道路路線や鉄道路線などの路線下の地盤に非開削によって、アンダーパストンネルを構築する際の工法として多用されているものである。 The shell-first tunnel construction method has the advantage of having minimal impact on the surrounding ground, and is therefore widely used as a construction method for constructing underpass tunnels without excavation in the ground beneath roads, railways, and other routes.
本発明では特に、先行して貫入させる鋼殻エレメント２に、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント３側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が取り付けられ、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２に前記仮鋼管６が取り付けられた状態で、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント３を貫入し、この鋼殻エレメント３の施工完了後、前記仮鋼管６を引き抜くことにより、外殻構造体１を構築する際の施工の省力化を図ったものである。以下、さらに具体的に詳述する。 In particular, in this invention, a temporary steel pipe 6 that expands the cross section toward the adjacent steel shell element 3 is attached to the steel shell element 2 that is to be inserted first, and the adjacent steel shell element 3 is inserted with the temporary steel pipe 6 attached to the inserted steel shell element 2. After the installation of this steel shell element 3 is completed, the temporary steel pipe 6 is pulled out, thereby reducing the labor required for construction when constructing the outer shell structure 1. This will be described in more detail below.
前記鋼殻エレメントは、断面形状及び貫入要領の違いによって、最初に貫入させる開始エレメント２と、外殻構造体１の上床版１Ａ、下床版１Ｂ及び両側壁版１Ｃ、１Ｃの中間部分に配置される標準エレメント３、３…と、外殻構造体１の４つの隅角部に配置される調整エレメント４、４…と、最後に貫入させる閉合エレメント５との４種類の鋼殻エレメントに分類される。なお、図１において、各鋼殻エレメント２～５の内部に付した丸囲み数字は、貫入順序を示したものである。 The steel shell elements are classified into four types based on their cross-sectional shape and penetration method: start elements 2, which are inserted first; standard elements 3, 3..., which are placed in the middle of the upper deck 1A, lower deck 1B, and both side wall slabs 1C, 1C of the shell structure 1; adjustment elements 4, 4..., which are placed at the four corners of the shell structure 1; and closing elements 5, which are inserted last. Note that in Figure 1, the circled numbers inside each of the steel shell elements 2-5 indicate the insertion order.
先ず、前記開始エレメント２は、図２に示されるように、上板２０、下板２１及び側板２２、２２によって構成される角形中空断面のエレメントを基本形とする。前記上板２０及び下板２１の両側部にそれぞれ、側板２２より外方に延びるとともに、隣接する鋼殻エレメント３に向けて延びる張出部材２３、２３を設けるとともに、この張出部材２３の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凹継手２４、２４を設けている。前記張出部材２３の張出長さは全長に亘ってほぼ一定である。 First, as shown in Figure 2, the starting element 2 has a basic form of a rectangular hollow cross-section element composed of an upper plate 20, a lower plate 21, and side plates 22, 22. On both sides of the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 21, protruding members 23, 23 are provided, extending outward from the side plate 22 and toward the adjacent steel shell element 3, and concave joints 24, 24 are provided at the tips of these protruding members 23 along the longitudinal direction of the member. The protruding length of the protruding members 23 is approximately constant over their entire length.
前記開始エレメント２の両側板２２、２２にはそれぞれ、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント３側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が取り付けられている。前記仮鋼管６は、断面略矩形のトンネル方向に延びる鋼管であり、前記側板２２の外面に複数のボルト７…によって固定されている。 A temporary steel pipe 6 is attached to each of the side plates 22, 22 of the start element 2, expanding its cross section toward the adjacent steel shell element 3. The temporary steel pipe 6 is a steel pipe with a roughly rectangular cross section that extends in the direction of the tunnel, and is fixed to the outer surface of the side plate 22 with multiple bolts 7...
開始エレメント２において、前記仮鋼管６は、上板２０及び下板２１の各側方に延在する張出部材２３、２３及びその先端に設けられた凹継手２４、２４間にそれぞれ設けられている。すなわち、仮鋼管６の高さ寸法Ｈ６は、凹継手２４、２４の厚み分だけ、角形中空断面の高さ寸法Ｈより小さくなっている。前記仮鋼管６は、トンネル方向に一定の断面形状で形成されている。 In the start element 2, the temporary steel pipes 6 are provided between the overhanging members 23, 23 extending on each side of the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 21 and the concave joints 24, 24 provided at the ends of the overhanging members 23, 23. In other words, the height H6 of the temporary steel pipe 6 is smaller than the height H of the rectangular hollow cross section by the thickness of the concave joints 24, 24. The temporary steel pipes 6 are formed with a constant cross-sectional shape in the tunnel direction.
前記仮鋼管６を開始エレメント２に固定するには、複数のボルト７…が用いられる。前記ボルト７…による固定のため、開始エレメント２の側板２２に通孔を設けるとともに、仮鋼管６の対応する位置に通孔を設け、その内側にナットを固定する。角形中空断面の内側からボルト７を前記通孔に挿通させ、前記ナットに螺合させる。これにより、開始エレメント２の貫入設置後に、角形中空断面の内部に作業員が入ってボルト７…の取り外し作業を行うことができる。 A number of bolts 7 are used to secure the temporary steel pipe 6 to the start element 2. To secure the bolts 7, through holes are drilled in the side plate 22 of the start element 2, and through holes are drilled in corresponding positions on the temporary steel pipe 6, with nuts fastened to the inside of the holes. The bolts 7 are inserted through the through holes from the inside of the rectangular hollow cross-section and screwed onto the nuts. This allows workers to enter the rectangular hollow cross-section after the start element 2 has been inserted and installed to remove the bolts 7.
上記開始エレメント２は、両側に凹継手２４、２４…を有するものであり、地盤中に最初に貫入設置される鋼殻エレメントとなる。鋼殻エレメント２の貫入設置の際に使用される掘削機は、前記角形中空断面と仮鋼管６とを合わせた形状の最大幅寸法Ｂと最大高さ寸法Ｈとから規定される基本断面寸法に整合した断面形状の掘削機４０が用いられる。 The starting element 2 has concave joints 24, 24... on both sides and is the first steel element to be installed in the ground. The excavator used to install the steel element 2 is an excavator 40 with a cross-sectional shape that matches the basic cross-sectional dimensions defined by the maximum width B and maximum height H of the combined shape of the rectangular hollow cross section and temporary steel pipe 6.
次いで、前記開始エレメント２の片側に隣接配置される標準エレメント３は、詳細には図３に示されるように、上板３０、下板３１及び側板３２、３２によって構成される角形中空断面のエレメントを基本形とする。前記上板３０及び下板３１の一方側（開始エレメント２側）には、側板３２より外方に延びる張出部材３３、３３を設けるとともに、この張出部材３３の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凸継手３４を設けている。前記凸継手３４を設けた反対側には、前記上板３０及び下板３１が側板３２より外方に延びる張出部材３５を設けるとともに、この張出部材３５の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凹継手３６を設けている。前記張出部材３３、３５の張出長さは全長に亘ってほぼ一定である。 Next, the standard element 3, which is placed adjacent to one side of the start element 2, has a basic form of a rectangular hollow cross-section element composed of an upper plate 30, a lower plate 31, and side plates 32, 32, as shown in detail in Figure 3. One side (the start element 2 side) of the upper and lower plates 30 and 31 has protruding members 33, 33 extending outward from the side plate 32, and a convex joint 34 is provided at the tip of this protruding member 33 along the longitudinal direction of the member. On the side opposite to the convex joint 34, the upper and lower plates 30 and 31 have protruding members 35 extending outward from the side plate 32, and a concave joint 36 is provided at the tip of this protruding member 35 along the longitudinal direction of the member. The protruding length of the protruding members 33, 35 is approximately constant along their entire length.
前記標準エレメント３の凹継手３６が設けられた側の側板３２には、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント（当該標準エレメント３に対して連結して貫入される次の鋼殻エレメント）側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が取り付けられている。一方、前記凸継手３４が設けられた側の側板３２には前記仮鋼管６が設けられていない。前記仮鋼管６は、前記開始エレメント２で用いたものと同様の構造であるので説明を省略する。 A temporary steel pipe 6 is attached to the side plate 32 on the side where the concave joint 36 of the standard element 3 is provided, expanding the cross section toward the adjacent steel element (the next steel element to be connected to and inserted into the standard element 3). On the other hand, the temporary steel pipe 6 is not attached to the side plate 32 on the side where the convex joint 34 is provided. The temporary steel pipe 6 has the same structure as the one used in the start element 2, so its description will be omitted.
前記標準エレメント３の貫入設置の際に使用される掘削機としては、上記開始エレメント２で用いた掘削機４０と同様の掘削機を用いることができる。 The excavator used to penetrate and install the standard element 3 can be the same as the excavator 40 used for the start element 2.
前記標準エレメント３をいくつか隣接配置した後（図示例では３つ配置した後）、次順に前記調整エレメント４が隣接配置される。前記調整エレメント４は、代表的に図１におけるNo.5のエレメントで説明すると、上板、下板、側板によって構成される角形中空断面のエレメントを基本形とし、前記上板及び下板の一方側（１つ前に配置した標準エレメント３側）には、側板より外方に延びる張出部材を設けるとともに、この張出部材の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凸継手を設けている。また、両側板の下側（次順の標準エレメント３側）には、下板より外方に延びる張出部材を設けるとともに、この張出部材の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凹継手を設けている。前記張出部材の張出長さは全長に亘ってほぼ一定である。 After several of the standard elements 3 are placed adjacent to each other (three in the illustrated example), the adjustment element 4 is placed adjacent to them in the next order. The adjustment element 4, taking element No. 5 in Figure 1 as an example, has a basic rectangular hollow cross-section composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a side plate. On one side of the upper and lower plates (the side of the previously placed standard element 3), a protruding member is provided that extends outward from the side plate, and a convex joint is provided at the tip of this protruding member along the longitudinal direction of the member. Furthermore, on the lower side of each side plate (the side of the next standard element 3), a protruding member is provided that extends outward from the lower plate, and a concave joint is provided at the tip of this protruding member along the longitudinal direction of the member. The protruding length of the protruding member is approximately constant along its entire length.
前記調整エレメント４の凹継手が設けられた側の下板には、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント（当該調整エレメント４に対して連結して貫入される次の鋼殻エレメント３）側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が取り付けられている。一方、前記凸継手が設けられた側の側板には前記仮鋼管６が設けられていない。前記仮鋼管６は、前記開始エレメント２で用いたものと同様の構造である。 A temporary steel pipe 6 is attached to the lower plate on the side where the concave joint of the adjustment element 4 is provided, expanding the cross section toward the adjacent steel element (the next steel element 3 that will be connected to and inserted into the adjustment element 4). On the other hand, the temporary steel pipe 6 is not attached to the side plate on the side where the convex joint is provided. The temporary steel pipe 6 has the same structure as the one used in the start element 2.
最後に貫入させる閉合エレメント５は、図１におけるNo.15エレメントで説明すると、上板、下板、側板によって構成される角形中空断面のエレメントを基本形とし、前記上板及び下板の両側部にそれぞれ、側板より外方側に延びるとともに、隣接する鋼殻エレメント３に向けて延びる張出部材を設けるとともに、この張出部材の先端に部材長手方向に沿って凸継手を設けている。前記張出部材の張出長さは全長に亘ってほぼ一定である。 The closing element 5 to be inserted last, as explained in the case of element No. 15 in Figure 1, is basically a rectangular hollow cross-section element composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a side plate, with protruding members on both sides of the upper and lower plates that extend outward from the side plates and toward the adjacent steel shell element 3, and a convex joint is provided at the tip of each protruding member along the longitudinal direction of the member. The protruding length of the protruding member is approximately constant along its entire length.
この鋼殻エレメント５には、前記仮鋼管６が設けられていない。すなわち、先行して貫入された両隣の鋼殻エレメント３、３にそれぞれ、最後に貫入させる閉合エレメント５側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が設けられているため、閉合エレメント５には前記仮鋼管６を設ける必要がない。 This steel shell element 5 does not have the temporary steel pipe 6. In other words, the adjacent steel shell elements 3, 3 that were inserted first each have temporary steel pipes 6 that enlarge the cross section on the side of the closing element 5 that will be inserted last, so there is no need to provide the temporary steel pipe 6 on the closing element 5.
上記各鋼殻エレメント２～４に取り付けられる仮鋼管６は、断面略矩形の外殻構造体１の軸方向に延びる鋼管であり、鋼殻エレメントのうち、次順に貫入させる鋼殻エレメントに対向する板部材に複数のボルト７…によって固定されている。この仮鋼管６が備えられた鋼殻エレメント２を貫入設置後、この貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２に継手部同士を連結させながら次順の鋼殻エレメント３を貫入し、後行する鋼殻エレメント３の設置が完了したならば、先行して貫入させた鋼殻エレメントに取り付けられた仮鋼管６を、前記ボルト７…を取り外した上で引き抜く。 The temporary steel pipes 6 attached to each of the above-mentioned steel shell elements 2-4 are steel pipes extending in the axial direction of the shell structure 1 with a generally rectangular cross section, and are fixed by a plurality of bolts 7 to the plate member facing the next steel shell element to be inserted. After inserting and installing the steel shell element 2 equipped with this temporary steel pipe 6, the next steel shell element 3 is inserted while connecting the joints of the inserted steel shell element 2. Once installation of the subsequent steel shell element 3 is complete, the temporary steel pipe 6 attached to the previously inserted steel shell element is removed by removing the bolts 7 and then pulled out.
このように、先行して貫入させる鋼殻エレメント２に、隣り合う鋼殻エレメント３側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管６が取り付けられているため、前記仮鋼管６を配置することによって拡大した断面の分だけ、先行して貫入した鋼殻エレメント２と次順の鋼殻エレメント３との側板間に溜まる残土の量が減少し、鋼殻エレメント３の貫入設置後に掘削除去すべき残土の量が減少する。このため、作業の省力化が図れ、工期及びコストの低減が可能になる。 In this way, a temporary steel pipe 6 that expands the cross section toward the adjacent steel element 3 is attached to the steel element 2 that is inserted first. By placing the temporary steel pipe 6, the amount of soil that accumulates between the side plates of the previously inserted steel element 2 and the next steel element 3 is reduced by the amount of the expanded cross section, reducing the amount of soil that must be excavated and removed after the steel element 3 is inserted and installed. This reduces the labor required and reduces construction time and costs.
また、後行する鋼殻エレメント３の貫入設置後、先行して貫入させた鋼殻エレメント２に取り付けられた仮鋼管６は引き抜いて除去されるため、前記仮鋼管６が鋼殻エレメント内におけるコンクリートの充填性に悪影響を及ぼすことがない。 In addition, after the following steel shell element 3 is inserted and installed, the temporary steel pipe 6 attached to the previously inserted steel shell element 2 is pulled out and removed, so the temporary steel pipe 6 does not adversely affect the filling of concrete into the steel shell element.
前記仮鋼管６の配設範囲は、外殻構造体１を構成したときに内周側及び外周側にそれぞれ配置された凹継手２４、２４間又は３６、３６間であって、次順の鋼殻エレメントに対向する板部材（図２に示される開始エレメント２の場合は側板２２）の外面から、隣り合う標準エレメント３側に張り出した張出部材２３の先端に設けられた凹継手２４の先端までの間の略矩形の範囲である。したがって、先行して貫入させた凹継手２４に連結挿入される凸継手３４部分を除くと、仮鋼管６を含む鋼殻エレメントの断面形状は略矩形状となる（図６参照。）。 The arrangement range of the temporary steel pipes 6 is between the concave joints 24, 24 or 36, 36 arranged on the inner and outer periphery, respectively, when the shell structure 1 is constructed, and is a roughly rectangular area extending from the outer surface of the plate member facing the next steel shell element (side plate 22 in the case of the starting element 2 shown in Figure 2) to the tip of the concave joint 24 provided at the tip of the protruding member 23 protruding toward the adjacent standard element 3. Therefore, excluding the convex joint 34 portion that is inserted and connected to the concave joint 24 that was previously inserted, the cross-sectional shape of the steel shell element including the temporary steel pipes 6 is roughly rectangular (see Figure 6).
次に、前記外殻構造体１を構築する手順に従いながら、鋼殻エレメント２～５の貫入要領について詳述する。 Next, we will explain in detail how to insert the steel shell elements 2 to 5 while following the steps for constructing the outer shell structure 1.
鋼殻エレメント２～５の貫入手順は、図１に示される外殻構造体１の断面図にNo.１～No.１５の番号を付した順序とする。すなわち、多数の鋼殻エレメント２～５を矩形状に閉合させた矩形断面の内、上床版１Ａ中央部の鋼殻エレメント２（No.１：開始エレメント）を最初に貫入させ、この鋼殻エレメント２を基点として両側にそれぞれ、水平方向に沿って順次鋼殻エレメント３、３…（標準エレメント）を貫入させて上床版１Ａとなる部分を構築した後、その両端にそれぞれ隅角部用の鋼殻エレメント４（No.５：調整エレメント）を貫入させ、順次下方側に向かって鋼殻エレメント３、３…（標準エレメント）を貫入させて側壁１Ｃ、１Ｃを構築し、次いで下端隅角部の鋼殻エレメント４（No.１１：調整エレメント）から順次水平方向に沿って鋼殻エレメント３、３…（標準エレメント）を貫入させ、最後に閉合エレメント５を貫入させて下床版１Ｂとなる部分を構築する手順によって、多数の鋼殻エレメント２～５によって断面視で矩形状に閉合させた外殻構造体１を構築する。 The insertion procedure for the steel shell elements 2 to 5 shall be in the order numbered No. 1 to No. 15 on the cross-sectional view of the shell structure 1 shown in Figure 1. That is, of the rectangular cross section formed by closing a large number of steel elements 2-5 into a rectangular shape, the steel element 2 (No. 1: start element) in the center of the upper deck 1A is inserted first. Using this steel element 2 as the base point, steel elements 3, 3... (standard elements) are inserted horizontally on both sides to form the upper deck 1A, followed by steel elements 4 (No. 5: adjustment element) for the corners at both ends, and steel elements 3, 3... (standard elements) are inserted horizontally downward to form side walls 1C, 1C. Next, steel elements 3, 3... (standard elements) are inserted horizontally starting from the steel element 4 (No. 11: adjustment element) at the bottom corner, and finally, closing element 5 is inserted to form the lower deck 1B. In this manner, the shell structure 1 is constructed, with a large number of steel elements 2-5 closing into a rectangular shape in cross section.
更に詳しい貫入手順について、図２～図５に基づいて、開始エレメント２と、これに隣り合う標準エレメント３とを貫入させる場合を例に挙げ説明すると、先ずはじめに、図２に示されるように、両側板２２、２２にそれぞれ仮鋼管６を取り付けた開始エレメント２を貫入設置する。この開始エレメント２の貫入設置の際には掘削機４０が使用される。前記掘削機が開始エレメントを牽引、もしくは元押しジャッキが前記掘削機と開始エレメント２を押しながら貫入する。前記掘削機４０としては、例えば図７及び図８に示される掘削装置を使用することができる。図示された掘削機４０は、密閉型の掘削装置であり、地下水位以下でも地盤改良無しに外殻構造体１の施工が行えるようにしたものである。前述した鋼殻エレメント２～５及び仮鋼管６を合わせた形状とほぼ同等の断面形状を成し、オーガスクリュー４１の先端に設けられたメインカッター４２とともに、所定数の遊星カッター４３、４３を備え、矩形断面に掘削を行う。排土方式はスクリューコンベア方式である。四隅にはそれぞれ凹継手２４…に対応する土砂部分を掘削するための補助カッター４４が着脱自在とされる。開始エレメント２の貫入時には、凹継手２４、２４…が備えられる四隅の隅角部位置に補助カッター４４、４４…が備えられ、標準エレメント３の貫入時には、非連結側となる凹継手３６、３６が備えられた上下隅角部位置に補助カッター４４、４４が備えられている。なお、前記補助カッター４４を備えなくても、前記掘削機４０によって凹継手３６部分を包括する範囲の余掘りが行えるようにしてもよい。 The penetration procedure will be explained in more detail with reference to Figures 2 to 5, taking the case of penetrating a start element 2 and an adjacent standard element 3 as an example. First, as shown in Figure 2, the start element 2 is penetrated and installed, with a temporary steel pipe 6 attached to each of its side plates 22, 22. An excavator 40 is used to penetrate and install this start element 2. The excavator pulls the start element, or a push jack pushes the excavator and start element 2 while they penetrate. The excavator 40 can be, for example, the excavation equipment shown in Figures 7 and 8. The illustrated excavator 40 is a sealed excavation equipment that allows the construction of the shell structure 1 without ground improvement work, even below the groundwater level. It has a cross-sectional shape roughly equivalent to the combined shape of the steel shell elements 2-5 and the temporary steel pipe 6 described above, and is equipped with a main cutter 42 attached to the tip of the auger screw 41, as well as a predetermined number of planetary cutters 43, 43, to excavate a rectangular cross section. The soil removal method is a screw conveyor system. Auxiliary cutters 44 are detachably attached to each of the four corners to excavate the soil corresponding to the concave joints 24. When the start element 2 penetrates, the auxiliary cutters 44 are provided at the four corners where the concave joints 24 are provided, and when the standard element 3 penetrates, the auxiliary cutters 44 are provided at the upper and lower corners where the concave joints 36 are provided on the non-connected side. Note that even if the auxiliary cutters 44 are not provided, the excavator 40 may be configured to perform over-excavation in an area that includes the concave joints 36.
前記鋼殻エレメント２～４に仮鋼管６が備えられることによって、隣り合う鋼殻エレメントが貫入されるまでの間、前記掘削機４０で掘削した壁面の崩壊が防止できる。 By providing the steel shell elements 2 to 4 with temporary steel pipes 6, the wall surface excavated by the excavator 40 can be prevented from collapsing until the adjacent steel shell elements are penetrated.
前記開始エレメント２を貫入し終えたならば、図３に示されるように、この開始エレメント２に取り付けられた仮鋼管６をそのままにした状態で、この貫入済みの開始エレメント２の凹継手２４に凸継手３４を連結させながら、次順の隣り合う標準エレメント３（No.２）を貫入する。この標準エレメント３の貫入が完了した時点で、図４に示されるように、エレメント２、３間の仮鋼管６と、後行して貫入した鋼殻エレメント３の側板との間の隙間に、若干の土砂が残ることがある。 Once the start element 2 has been inserted, as shown in Figure 3, the temporary steel pipe 6 attached to the start element 2 is left in place, and the next adjacent standard element 3 (No. 2) is inserted while connecting the convex joint 34 to the concave joint 24 of the inserted start element 2. When the insertion of this standard element 3 is complete, as shown in Figure 4, some soil and sand may remain in the gap between the temporary steel pipe 6 between elements 2 and 3 and the side plate of the subsequently inserted steel shell element 3.
その後、図５に示されるように、先行して貫入させた開始エレメント２に取り付けられた仮鋼管６を引き抜く。前記仮鋼管６を引き抜く前に、開始エレメント２に対する固定用のボルト７、７…を全て取り外しておく。 Then, as shown in Figure 5, the temporary steel pipe 6 attached to the start element 2 that was inserted earlier is pulled out. Before pulling out the temporary steel pipe 6, all bolts 7, 7... used to secure the start element 2 are removed.
前記仮鋼管６の引き抜き後、必要に応じて、この仮鋼管６と後行して貫入した標準エレメント３との間に溜まった残土を除去する。この残土を除去するには、仮鋼管６が取り付けられた側板に開口（図示せず）を設けておき、この開口を閉塞する蓋を取り外して、開口から人力で掘削除去する。従来の鋼殻エレメントでは、エレメント間の残土量が多いため、開口からの残土の除去作業がしやすいように、開口の大きさを大きくしたり、開口の形成ピッチを小さくしたりする必要があり、鋼殻エレメントの強度低下を招くおそれがあったが、本発明に係る鋼殻エレメントでは、前記仮鋼管６が設けられることにより、エレメント間の残土量が大幅に低減するため、開口から除去する残土量が少なく、開口の大きさを小さくしたり、開口の形成ピッチを大きくしたりすることができ、鋼殻エレメントの強度が確保できる。なお、残土を除去するための開口が前記仮鋼管６で塞がれる場合は、開口を閉塞する蓋を別途設けなくてもよい。 After the temporary steel pipe 6 is removed, any residual soil accumulated between the temporary steel pipe 6 and the subsequently inserted standard element 3 is removed, if necessary. To remove this residual soil, an opening (not shown) is provided in the side plate to which the temporary steel pipe 6 is attached, the cover covering the opening is removed, and the soil is manually excavated through the opening. In conventional steel-shell elements, the amount of residual soil between elements is large, so it is necessary to enlarge the opening size or reduce the opening pitch to facilitate soil removal from the opening, which can potentially reduce the strength of the steel-shell element. However, in the steel-shell element of the present invention, the provision of the temporary steel pipe 6 significantly reduces the amount of residual soil between elements, making it possible to reduce the amount of residual soil to be removed from the opening, and thus making it possible to reduce the opening size or increase the opening pitch, thereby ensuring the strength of the steel-shell element. Note that if the opening for removing residual soil is blocked by the temporary steel pipe 6, a separate cover for closing the opening is not required.
〔他の形態例〕
(1)上記形態例では、上床版の中央部を基点としてその両側にそれぞれ反対側の下床版の中央部まで順に構築したが、任意の位置を起点としてその両側にそれぞれその反対側まで順に構築してもよい。
[Other examples]
(1) In the above example, the center of the upper deck was used as the starting point and construction was carried out in sequence on both sides up to the center of the lower deck on the opposite side, but any position may be used as the starting point and construction may be carried out in sequence on both sides up to the opposite side.
(2)上記形態例では、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２の凹継手２４に対して凸継手３４を連結しながら後行の鋼殻エレメント３を貫入させるようにしたが、凹継手と凸継手がこれと逆の関係、すなわち貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２の凸継手に対して凹継手を連結しながら後行の鋼殻エレメント３を貫入させるようにしてもよい。なお、凸継手と凹継手の関係は、本形態例で示したように、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメント２の凹継手２に対して、凸継手３４を連結しながら後行の鋼殻エレメント３を貫入させるようにするのが望ましい。 (2) In the above embodiment, the following steel element 3 is inserted while the convex joint 34 is connected to the concave joint 24 of the inserted steel element 2. However, the relationship between the concave joint and the convex joint may be reversed, i.e., the following steel element 3 may be inserted while the concave joint is connected to the convex joint of the inserted steel element 2. Note that, as shown in this embodiment, the relationship between the convex joint and the concave joint is preferably such that the following steel element 3 is inserted while the convex joint 34 is connected to the concave joint 2 of the inserted steel element 2.
１…外殻構造体、２…鋼殻エレメント（開始エレメント）、３…鋼殻エレメント（標準エレメント）、４…鋼殻エレメント（調整エレメント）、５…鋼殻エレメント（閉合エレメント）、６…仮鋼管、７…ボルト、２４・３６…凹継手、３４…凸継手、４０…掘削機 1... Shell structure, 2... Steel element (starting element), 3... Steel element (standard element), 4... Steel element (adjustment element), 5... Steel element (closing element), 6... Temporary steel pipe, 7... Bolt, 24 and 36... Concave joint, 34... Convex joint, 40... Excavator
Claims (5)
前記鋼殻エレメントは、最初に貫入させる開始エレメントと、外殻構造体の上床版、下床版及び両側壁の中間部分に配置される標準エレメントと、外殻構造体の４つの隅部に配置される調整エレメントと、最後に貫入させる閉合エレメントとの４種類の鋼殻エレメントに分類され、
前記開始エレメントは、両側板にそれぞれ隣り合う鋼殻エレメント側に断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態で貫入する手順で設置し、
前記標準エレメントは、当該標準エレメントに対して連結して貫入される次のエレメント側にのみ断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
前記調整エレメントは、当該調整エレメントに対して連結して貫入される次のエレメント側にのみ断面を拡大させる仮鋼管をボルトによって取り付けた状態として、貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントと継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
前記閉合エレメントは、仮鋼管は設けられておらず、先行して貫入設置された両隣の鋼殻エレメントにそれぞれ継手部同士を連結させながら貫入する手順で設置し、
貫入済みの鋼殻エレメントに次順の鋼殻エレメントを貫入し、後行する鋼殻エレメントの設置が完了したならば、先行して貫入させた鋼殻エレメントに取り付けられた仮鋼管を前記ボルトを取り外して引き抜くことを特徴とする鋼殻エレメントの構築方法。 A method for constructing a steel shell element when constructing an outer shell preceding tunnel by repeating a procedure of sequentially inserting steel shell elements having a rectangular hollow cross section while connecting joints with already inserted steel shell elements to construct an outer shell structure having a rectangular closed cross section in the ground using the steel shell elements, and then removing soil and sand from inside the outer shell structure, comprising:
The steel shell elements are classified into four types of steel shell elements: start elements to be inserted first; standard elements to be placed in the middle of the upper deck, lower deck and both side walls of the shell structure; adjustment elements to be placed in the four corners of the shell structure; and closing elements to be inserted last;
The starting element is installed by a procedure of inserting a temporary steel pipe, which expands the cross section of the starting element, into the adjacent steel shell element side on both side plates with a bolt;
The standard element is installed by a procedure in which a temporary steel pipe, which expands the cross section only on the side of the next element to be connected and inserted to the standard element, is attached with a bolt, and the standard element is inserted while connecting the joint parts with the inserted steel shell element,
The adjustment element is installed in a state in which a temporary steel pipe that expands the cross section only on the side of the next element to be connected to the adjustment element and inserted is attached with a bolt, and the adjustment element is inserted while connecting the joint portions with the inserted steel shell element,
The closing element is installed without a temporary steel pipe, by penetrating the adjacent steel shell elements that have been previously installed while connecting their joint portions to each other,
This method for constructing steel shell elements is characterized in that a subsequent steel shell element is inserted into an already inserted steel shell element, and when the installation of the subsequent steel shell element is completed, the temporary steel pipe attached to the previously inserted steel shell element is removed by removing the bolts and pulling out .
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| JP2003262084A (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-19 | East Japan Railway Co | Element traction method and element starting trolley |
| JP2009263883A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-11-12 | Toda Constr Co Ltd | Construction method for steel shell element |
| JP2011256614A (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-22 | Central Japan Railway Co | Element insertion method, underground structure construction method and rectangular element |
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| JP2003262084A (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-19 | East Japan Railway Co | Element traction method and element starting trolley |
| JP2009263883A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-11-12 | Toda Constr Co Ltd | Construction method for steel shell element |
| JP2011256614A (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-22 | Central Japan Railway Co | Element insertion method, underground structure construction method and rectangular element |
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