JP7736522B2 - earth retaining wall - Google Patents
earth retaining wallInfo
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- JP7736522B2 JP7736522B2 JP2021177501A JP2021177501A JP7736522B2 JP 7736522 B2 JP7736522 B2 JP 7736522B2 JP 2021177501 A JP2021177501 A JP 2021177501A JP 2021177501 A JP2021177501 A JP 2021177501A JP 7736522 B2 JP7736522 B2 JP 7736522B2
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Description
本発明は、親杭、横矢板及び補助杭を備える土留壁に関する。 The present invention relates to an earth retaining wall equipped with support piles, cross piles, and auxiliary piles.
特許文献１には、土留壁施工地盤に所定の間隔で挿入される複数の親杭と、隣接する親杭間に設置される複数の横矢板と、親杭の側部位置から背面側地盤に対して挿入され、かつ親杭に連結部材を介して連結される複数の補助杭（挿入杭）と、を備える土留壁が記載されている。このような土留壁では、補助杭に作用する背面側地盤の土圧が、親杭を背面側地盤に押し付ける方向のモーメントに変換されるので、親杭の根入れ部の長さを短くしたり、親杭の断面寸法を小さくできるという利点がある。 Patent Document 1 describes an earth-retaining wall comprising multiple parent piles inserted at a predetermined interval into the ground where the earth-retaining wall is to be constructed, multiple horizontal sheet piles installed between adjacent parent piles, and multiple auxiliary piles (inserted piles) inserted into the ground behind the parent piles from the sides and connected to the parent piles via connecting members. With this type of earth-retaining wall, the soil pressure from the ground behind the auxiliary piles acting on the auxiliary piles is converted into a moment in the direction pressing the parent piles against the ground behind the parent piles, which has the advantage of shortening the length of the embedded portion of the parent piles and reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of the parent piles.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載される土留壁では、親杭と補助杭との連結部がモーメントによって変形した場合、補助杭から親杭にモーメントが伝達されず、土留機能が低下する可能性がある。 However, with the earth-retaining wall described in Patent Document 1, if the connection between the parent pile and the auxiliary pile is deformed by a moment, the moment will not be transmitted from the auxiliary pile to the parent pile, which could result in a reduction in the earth-retaining function.
本発明は、上記の如き実情に鑑みこれらの課題を解決することを目的として創作されたものであって、請求項１の発明は、土留壁施工地盤に所定の間隔で挿入される複数の親杭と、隣接する前記親杭間に設置される複数の横矢板と、前記親杭の側部位置から背面側地盤に対して挿入され、かつ前記親杭に連結部材を介して連結される複数の補助杭と、を備える土留壁であって、前記親杭及び前記補助杭は、一対のフランジと、一対の前記フランジ同士を連結するウェブと、を一体に有するＨ形鋼であり、前記ウェブを溝底面とし、一対の前記フランジを溝側面とする一対の溝部を有し、前記連結部材は、１本の前記補助杭に対して上下一対で使用され、上下一対の前記連結部材は、前記補助杭の上下幅寸法と同等の間隔を介して上下方向に並ぶように複数の第１ボルトを介して前記親杭に締結され、上下一対の前記連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位は、前記補助杭を背面側地盤に挿入する際のガイドとして機能し、且つ挿入された前記補助杭の前記フランジと複数の第２ボルトを介して締結される。
また、請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の土留壁であって、前記連結部材は、前記親杭の前記ウェブに締結される親杭締結板部と、前記補助杭の前記フランジに締結される補助杭締結板部と、前記親杭締結板部と前記補助杭締結板部とを一体的に連結する複数の連結板部と、によって箱形に形成される。
また、請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は２に記載の土留壁であって、上下一対の前記連結部材は、エンドプレートを介して一体的に連結されている。
また、請求項４の発明は、請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の土留壁であって、前記補助杭の挿入方向基端側には、一対の前記フランジ及び前記ウェブに対して溶着される補強部材が設けられる。
また、請求項５の発明は、請求項４に記載の土留壁であって、前記補強部材は、前記補助杭の挿入方向基端面を覆う第１補強部材を含む。
また、請求項６の発明は、請求項４又は５に記載の土留壁であって、前記補強部材は、一対の前記溝部内であって、前記連結部材との締結位置近傍に設けられる複数の第２補強部材を含む。
また、請求項７の発明は、請求項１の引用を除く請求項６に記載の土留壁であって、前記補助杭が上下一対の前記連結部材に連結されたとき、側面視において、複数の前記第２補強部材と複数の前記連結板部とが上下方向に直線状に並ぶ。
また、請求項８の発明は、請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の土留壁であって、前記第２ボルトは、上下一対の前記連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位と、該対向部位間に挿入された前記補助杭を上下方向に貫通するロングボルトである。
また、請求項９の発明は、請求項１の引用を除く請求項２～８のいずれか１項に記載の土留壁であって、前記連結部材は、複数の前記連結板部同士を一体的に連結する補強板部を更に備える。
The present invention has been created in view of the above-mentioned circumstances and with the aim of solving these problems. The invention of claim 1 is a retaining wall comprising a plurality of parent piles inserted at a predetermined interval into the ground where the earth-retaining wall is to be constructed, a plurality of cross-sheet piles installed between adjacent parent piles, and a plurality of auxiliary piles inserted from the side positions of the parent piles into the ground behind the parent piles and connected to the parent piles via connecting members, wherein the parent piles and the auxiliary piles are H-shaped steel beams integrally having a pair of flanges and a web connecting the pair of flanges, and each of the parent piles has a pair of grooves with the web as the groove bottom and the pair of flanges as the groove side surfaces, and the connecting members are used in pairs, upper and lower, for one auxiliary pile, and the pair of upper and lower connecting members are fastened to the parent pile via a plurality of first bolts so as to be aligned in the vertical direction at a distance equal to the vertical width dimension of the auxiliary pile, and the opposing portions of the pair of upper and lower connecting members function as guides when the auxiliary piles are inserted into the ground behind the parent piles, and are fastened to the flanges of the inserted auxiliary pile via a plurality of second bolts.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 2 is a retaining wall described in claim 1, wherein the connecting member is formed in a box shape by a parent pile fastening plate portion fastened to the web of the parent pile, an auxiliary pile fastening plate portion fastened to the flange of the auxiliary pile, and a plurality of connecting plate portions that integrally connect the parent pile fastening plate portion and the auxiliary pile fastening plate portion.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 3 is the retaining wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pair of upper and lower connecting members are integrally connected via end plates.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 4 is a retaining wall described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a reinforcing member is provided at the base end side of the auxiliary pile in the insertion direction, and is welded to a pair of the flanges and the web.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 5 is the retaining wall according to claim 4, wherein the reinforcing member includes a first reinforcing member covering the base end face of the auxiliary pile in the insertion direction.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 6 is a retaining wall described in claim 4 or 5, wherein the reinforcing member includes a plurality of second reinforcing members arranged within a pair of the groove portions and near the fastening position with the connecting member.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 7 is a retaining wall described in claim 6 excluding the reference to claim 1 , wherein when the auxiliary piles are connected to a pair of upper and lower connecting members, in a side view, the plurality of second reinforcing members and the plurality of connecting plate portions are arranged in a straight line in the vertical direction.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 8 is a retaining wall described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second bolt is a long bolt that penetrates in the vertical direction through the opposing portions of the pair of upper and lower connecting members and the auxiliary pile inserted between the opposing portions.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 9 is a retaining wall described in any one of claims 2 to 8 excluding the reference to claim 1 , wherein the connecting member further includes a reinforcing plate portion that integrally connects multiple connecting plate portions together.
請求項１の発明によれば、連結部材は、１本の補助杭に対して上下一対で使用され、上下一対の連結部材は、補助杭の上下幅寸法と同等の間隔を介して上下方向に並ぶように複数の第１ボルトを介して親杭に締結され、上下一対の連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位は、補助杭を背面側地盤に挿入する際のガイドとして機能するので、補助杭を容易、且つ高精度に背面側基盤に挿入することができる。また、上下一対の連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位は、挿入された補助杭のフランジと複数の第２ボルトを介して締結されるので、挿入された補助杭を上下一対の連結部材を介して強固に親杭に連結することができ、その結果、補助杭から親杭に対するモーメントの伝達を確実に行うことが可能になる。
また、請求項２の発明によれば、連結部材は、親杭のウェブに締結される親杭締結板部と、補助杭のフランジに締結される補助杭締結板部と、親杭締結板部と補助杭締結板部とを一体的に連結する複数の連結板部と、によって箱形に形成されるので、連結部材をＨ形鋼などで構成する場合に比べ、連結部材自体の変形を抑制し、補助杭から親杭に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。
また、請求項３の発明によれば、上下一対の連結部材は、エンドプレートを介して一体的に連結されているので、上下一対の連結部材を個別に親杭に締結する場合に比べ、上下一対の連結部材の間隔を正確に管理できる。
また、請求項４の発明によれば、補助杭の挿入方向基端側には、一対のフランジ及びウェブに対して溶着される補強部材が設けられるので、補助杭の変形を抑制し、補助杭から親杭に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。
また、請求項５の発明によれば、補強部材は、補助杭の挿入方向基端面を覆う第１補強部材を含むので、補助杭の挿入を邪魔することなく、補助杭を補強できる。
また、請求項６の発明によれば、補強部材は、一対の溝部内であって、連結部材との締結位置近傍に設けられる複数の第２補強部材を含むので、補助杭の挿入を邪魔することなく、補助杭を補強できる。
また、請求項７の発明は、請求項６に記載の土留壁であって、前記補助杭が上下一対の前記連結部材に連結されたとき、側面視において、複数の前記第２補強部材と複数の前記連結板部とが上下方向に直線状に並ぶので、補助杭から親杭に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。
また、請求項８の発明によれば、第２ボルトは、上下一対の連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位と、該対向部位間に挿入された補助杭を上下方向に貫通するロングボルトなので、補助杭の上下の連結部材に対する締結を同時に行うことができるだけでなく、補助杭のフランジ内側面に事前にナットを配置（溶接）するような作業も不要となり、土留壁の施工性を向上させることができる。
また、請求項９の発明によれば、連結部材は、複数の連結板部同士を一体的に連結する補強板部を更に備えるので、連結部材自体の変形をさらに抑制し、補助杭から親杭に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。
According to the invention of claim 1, a pair of connecting members, one above the other, is used for one auxiliary pile, and the pair of connecting members is fastened to the parent pile via a plurality of first bolts so as to be aligned vertically at a distance equal to the vertical width dimension of the auxiliary pile, and the opposing portions of the pair of connecting members function as guides when inserting the auxiliary pile into the rear-side ground, allowing the auxiliary pile to be inserted easily and accurately into the rear-side foundation. Furthermore, the opposing portions of the pair of connecting members are fastened to the flanges of the inserted auxiliary pile via a plurality of second bolts, allowing the inserted auxiliary pile to be firmly connected to the parent pile via the pair of connecting members, resulting in reliable transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile to the parent pile.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 2, the connecting member is formed in a box shape by a parent pile fastening plate portion fastened to the web of the parent pile, an auxiliary pile fastening plate portion fastened to the flange of the auxiliary pile, and a plurality of connecting plate portions that integrally connect the parent pile fastening plate portion and the auxiliary pile fastening plate portion.Therefore, compared to when the connecting member is made of H-shaped steel or the like, deformation of the connecting member itself is suppressed and the transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile to the parent pile can be more reliably carried out.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 3, the pair of upper and lower connecting members are connected together via end plates, so that the spacing between the pair of upper and lower connecting members can be more accurately controlled than when the pair of upper and lower connecting members are fastened individually to the parent piles.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 4, a reinforcing member welded to a pair of flanges and a web is provided on the base end side of the auxiliary pile in the insertion direction, thereby suppressing deformation of the auxiliary pile and making it possible to more reliably transmit moment from the auxiliary pile to the parent pile.
According to the invention of claim 5, the reinforcing member includes a first reinforcing member that covers the base end face of the auxiliary pile in the insertion direction, so that the auxiliary pile can be reinforced without interfering with the insertion of the auxiliary pile.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 6, the reinforcing member includes a plurality of second reinforcing members that are provided within a pair of grooves and near the fastening position with the connecting member, so that the auxiliary piles can be reinforced without interfering with the insertion of the auxiliary piles.
Furthermore, the invention of claim 7 is a retaining wall described in claim 6, wherein when the auxiliary piles are connected to a pair of upper and lower connecting members, in a side view, the multiple second reinforcing members and the multiple connecting plate portions are arranged in a straight line in the vertical direction, making it possible to more reliably transmit moment from the auxiliary piles to the parent piles.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 8, the second bolt is a long bolt that penetrates in the vertical direction through the opposing portions of a pair of upper and lower connecting members and the auxiliary pile inserted between said opposing portions, so not only can the auxiliary pile be fastened to the upper and lower connecting members simultaneously, but work such as previously placing (welding) a nut on the inner surface of the flange of the auxiliary pile is also unnecessary, thereby improving the workability of the retaining wall.
Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 9, the connecting member further includes a reinforcing plate portion that integrally connects multiple connecting plate portions together, thereby further suppressing deformation of the connecting member itself and making it possible to more reliably transmit moment from the auxiliary pile to the parent pile.
［土留壁の構成］
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面に基づいて説明する。図１において、１は土留壁であって、該土留壁１は、土留壁施工地盤に所定の間隔で挿入される複数の親杭２と、隣接する親杭２間に設置される複数の横矢板３と、親杭２の側部位置から背面側地盤に対して挿入され、かつ親杭２に連結部材５を介して連結される複数の補助杭４と、を備える。
[Configuration of earth retaining wall]
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a retaining wall, which comprises a plurality of parent piles 2 inserted at predetermined intervals into the ground where the wall is to be constructed, a plurality of horizontal sheet piles 3 installed between adjacent parent piles 2, and a plurality of auxiliary piles 4 inserted from the sides of the parent piles 2 into the ground behind the parent piles 2 and connected to the parent piles 2 via connecting members 5.
図１～図８に示すように、親杭２は、通常、土留壁施工地盤に鉛直方向に挿入（打設）される。使用部材としては、親杭横矢板土留壁などに一般的に使用されているＨ形綱が用いられる。Ｈ形鋼からなる親杭２は、一対のフランジ２ａと、一対のフランジ２ａ同士を連結するウェブ２ｂと、を一体に有するとともに、ウェブ２ｂを溝底面とし、一対のフランジ２ａを溝側面とする一対の溝部２ｃを有する。ウェブ２ｂには、第１ボルトＢ１を介して連結部材５を連結するためのボルト挿通孔（図示せず）が複数加工される。ボルト挿通孔は、親杭２を地盤に挿入する前に加工してもよいし、親杭２を地盤に挿入した後、親杭２に連結部材５を締結するタイミングで加工してもよい。 As shown in Figures 1 to 8, the parent pile 2 is typically inserted (driven) vertically into the ground where the earth-retaining wall will be constructed. The components used are H-shaped steel beams, which are commonly used for parent pile and sheet pile earth-retaining walls. The parent pile 2, made of H-shaped steel, integrally comprises a pair of flanges 2a and a web 2b connecting the pair of flanges 2a. It also has a pair of grooves 2c, with the web 2b forming the groove bottom and the pair of flanges 2a forming the groove side surfaces. The web 2b has multiple bolt holes (not shown) drilled into it for connecting the connecting members 5 via first bolts B1. The bolt holes may be drilled before inserting the parent pile 2 into the ground, or after inserting the parent pile 2 into the ground, at the same time as fastening the connecting members 5 to the parent pile 2.
親杭２を構成するＨ形綱の断面寸法は、壁高に応じて選定されるが、概ねＨ３００～Ｈ５００程度のものが多く使用される。また、親杭２は、土留壁施工地盤の掘削前に、掘削予定地盤の境界線に沿って所定間隔で地盤に挿入される。挿入間隔は、概ね１．０～２．０ｍ程度とされる。 The cross-sectional dimensions of the H-shaped rope that makes up the parent piles 2 are selected according to the wall height, but piles of approximately H300 to H500 are commonly used. Furthermore, before excavating the ground where the retaining wall will be constructed, the parent piles 2 are inserted into the ground at specified intervals along the boundary line of the ground to be excavated. The insertion interval is generally about 1.0 to 2.0 m.
横矢板３は、掘削に伴って隣接する親杭２間に順次嵌め込んでいき、土留めを図る板材である。横矢板３としては、通常、唐松などの木材が用いられている。 The horizontal sheet piles 3 are plates that are fitted sequentially between adjacent piles 2 as excavation progresses, creating a retaining wall. Wood such as larch is typically used for the horizontal sheet piles 3.
補助杭４は、高さ方向に１又は複数段で設置される。図１は、補助杭４を上下方向に２段設置した例を示している。補助杭４としては、概ねＨ２００～Ｈ４００程度の断面のＨ形鋼を用いられる。Ｈ形鋼からなる補助杭４は、一対のフランジ４ａと、一対のフランジ４ａ同士を連結するウェブ４ｂと、を一体に有するとともに、ウェブ４ｂを溝底面とし、一対のフランジ４ａを溝側面とする一対の溝部４ｃを有する。補助杭４の段数及び挿入深さは、親杭２の天端許容変形量を基準とした設計計算によって決定されるが、通常のケースでは、高さ方向に２～４段程度で設置され、挿入深さは概ね２～５ｍ程度である。 The auxiliary piles 4 are installed in one or more vertical rows. Figure 1 shows an example where the auxiliary piles 4 are installed in two vertical rows. The auxiliary piles 4 are made of H-shaped steel with a cross section of approximately H200 to H400. Each auxiliary pile 4 made of H-shaped steel integrally comprises a pair of flanges 4a and a web 4b connecting the pair of flanges 4a, as well as a pair of grooves 4c with the web 4b as the groove bottom and the pair of flanges 4a as the groove side surfaces. The number of rows and insertion depth of the auxiliary piles 4 are determined by design calculations based on the allowable deformation at the top of the parent pile 2, but in typical cases, they are installed in two to four vertical rows, and the insertion depth is approximately 2 to 5 m.
補助杭４は、掘削の進行に伴って、所定の掘削段階毎に各親杭２に対して設置される。１箇所あたりの設置数は１本とすることも可能であるが、図示するように、１箇所あたり、親杭２の両側に左右一組で配置するのがモーメントを大きく確保する上で望ましい。設置は、親杭２の側部位置から略水平方向に沿って背面側地盤中に挿入し、挿入元側を連結部材５を介して親杭２に連結する。補助杭４の挿入方向は、水平方向を基本とするが、施工誤差を含め僅かに傾斜させて設置されていてもよい。 As excavation progresses, auxiliary piles 4 are installed for each parent pile 2 at each predetermined excavation stage. While it is possible to install only one auxiliary pile per location, it is preferable to install a pair of auxiliary piles on both sides of the parent pile 2 per location, as shown in the figure, in order to ensure a large moment. The auxiliary piles are inserted into the ground behind the parent pile 2 in a roughly horizontal direction from the side, and the insertion point is connected to the parent pile 2 via a connecting member 5. The auxiliary piles 4 are generally inserted horizontally, but may be installed at a slight incline to allow for construction errors.
図３～図８に示すように、補助杭４の挿入方向基端側には、一対のフランジ４ａ及びウェブ４ｂに対して溶着される複数の補強部材４１～４３が設けられる。これらの補強部材４１～４３は、補助杭４の挿入方向基端側の変形を抑制し、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達を確実に行わせる。 As shown in Figures 3 to 8, multiple reinforcing members 41 to 43 are welded to the pair of flanges 4a and web 4b at the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction. These reinforcing members 41 to 43 suppress deformation at the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction and ensure the transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2.
補強部材４１～４３には、補助杭４の挿入方向基端面を覆う第１補強部材４１が含まれる。第１補強部材４１は、補助杭４の挿入方向基端面において、補助杭４の一対の溝部４ｃを塞ぐように溶着されている。また、第１補強部材４１には、後述する掴み代部材６を連結するためのボルト挿通孔４１ａが加工されている。 The reinforcing members 41 to 43 include a first reinforcing member 41 that covers the base end face of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction. The first reinforcing member 41 is welded to the base end face of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction so as to cover a pair of grooves 4c of the auxiliary pile 4. The first reinforcing member 41 also has bolt insertion holes 41a for connecting the gripping member 6 (described below).
また、補強部材４１～４３には、補助杭４の一対の溝部４ｃ内であって、連結部材５との締結位置近傍に設けられる複数の第２補強部材４２、４３が含まれる。 The reinforcing members 41-43 also include multiple second reinforcing members 42, 43 that are provided within a pair of grooves 4c of the auxiliary pile 4, near the fastening position with the connecting member 5.
挿入用重機（図示せず）を用いて補助杭４を背面側地盤に挿入する際には、補助杭４の挿入方向基端側に挿入用重機の掴み代が必要になる。図３～図８に示すように、本実施形態の土留壁施工方法では、補助杭４の挿入方向基端部に着脱可能に装着され、補助杭４を背面側地盤に挿入する際、補助杭４を挿入する挿入用重機の掴み代となり、挿入後は補助杭４から取り外される掴み代部材６が用いられる。 When inserting the auxiliary pile 4 into the rear ground using an insertion heavy machine (not shown), a gripping area for the insertion heavy machine is required at the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction. As shown in Figures 3 to 8, the earth-retaining wall construction method of this embodiment uses a gripping area member 6 that is detachably attached to the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction, serves as a gripping area for the insertion heavy machine that inserts the auxiliary pile 4 when inserting the auxiliary pile 4 into the rear ground, and is detached from the auxiliary pile 4 after insertion.
掴み代部材６は、一対のフランジ６ａと、一対のフランジ６ａ同士を連結するウェブ６ｂと、を一体に有するＨ形鋼であり、補助杭４と同一断面のＨ形鋼が用いられる。掴み代部材６を構成するＨ形鋼には、挿入方向先端面を覆うように掴み代側継手部材６１が溶着されている。掴み代側継手部材６１には、複数の第３ボルトＢ３を介して補助杭４の第１補強部材４１に締結するための複数のボルト挿通孔（図示せず）が加工されている。 The gripping member 6 is an H-shaped steel having a pair of flanges 6a and a web 6b connecting the pair of flanges 6a, and uses an H-shaped steel with the same cross section as the auxiliary pile 4. A gripping side joint member 61 is welded to the H-shaped steel that makes up the gripping member 6, covering the tip end face in the insertion direction. The gripping side joint member 61 has multiple bolt insertion holes (not shown) for fastening to the first reinforcing member 41 of the auxiliary pile 4 via multiple third bolts B3.
連結部材５は、１本の補助杭４に対して上下一対で使用される。上下一対の連結部材５は、補助杭４の上下幅寸法と同等の間隔を介して上下方向に並ぶように複数の第１ボルトＢ１及び第１ナットＮ１を介して親杭２に締結される。上下一対の連結部材５の互いに対向する対向部位は、補助杭４を背面側地盤に挿入する際のガイドとして機能する。また、上下一対の連結部材５の互いに対向する対向部位は、挿入された補助杭４のフランジ４ａと複数の第２ボルトＢ２及び第２ナットＮ２を介して締結される。 A pair of connecting members 5, one above the other, is used for each auxiliary pile 4. The pair of connecting members 5 are fastened to the parent pile 2 via multiple first bolts B1 and first nuts N1 so that they are aligned vertically at a distance equal to the vertical width of the auxiliary pile 4. The opposing portions of the pair of connecting members 5 function as guides when inserting the auxiliary pile 4 into the rear ground. In addition, the opposing portions of the pair of connecting members 5 are fastened to the flange 4a of the inserted auxiliary pile 4 via multiple second bolts B2 and second nuts N2.
具体的に説明すると、本実施形態の連結部材５は、図９に示すように、親杭２のウェブ２ｂに締結される親杭締結板部５１と、補助杭４のフランジ４ａに締結される補助杭締結板部５２と、親杭締結板部５１と補助杭締結板部５２とを一体的に連結する複数の連結板部５３と、複数の連結板部５３同士を一体的に連結する第１補強板部５４及び第２補強板部５５と、によって箱形に形成されている。 Specifically, as shown in Figure 9, the connecting member 5 of this embodiment is box-shaped and made up of a parent pile fastening plate portion 51 that is fastened to the web 2b of the parent pile 2, an auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 52 that is fastened to the flange 4a of the auxiliary pile 4, multiple connecting plate portions 53 that integrally connect the parent pile fastening plate portion 51 and the auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 52, and first reinforcing plate portions 54 and second reinforcing plate portions 55 that integrally connect the multiple connecting plate portions 53 together.
親杭締結板部５１には、第１ボルトＢ１を挿通可能な複数のボルト挿通孔５１ａが形成され、補助杭締結板部５２には、第２ボルトＢ２を挿通可能な複数のボルト挿通孔５２ａが形成されている。また、連結部材５は、箱内部に連通する開口部５６を有し、この開口部５６を介してボルトＢ１、Ｂ２及びナットＮ１、Ｎ２Ｎの締結操作が行われる。 The parent pile fastening plate portion 51 has multiple bolt insertion holes 51a through which the first bolt B1 can be inserted, and the auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 52 has multiple bolt insertion holes 52a through which the second bolt B2 can be inserted. The connecting member 5 also has an opening 56 that communicates with the interior of the box, and the bolts B1, B2 and nuts N1, N2N are fastened through this opening 56.
また、図９に示すように、上下一対の連結部材５は、エンドプレート５７を介して一体的に連結されて連結ユニットＵを構成しており、連結ユニットＵの状態で親杭２に締結される。つまり、上下一対の連結部材５は、個別に親杭２に締結されるのではなく、予め間隔を正確に計測してエンドプレート５７に溶着されたユニット状態で一体的に親杭２に締結される。 Also, as shown in Figure 9, the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are integrally connected via end plates 57 to form a connecting unit U, which is fastened to the parent pile 2 in the form of a connecting unit U. In other words, the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are not fastened to the parent pile 2 individually, but are fastened to the parent pile 2 as a unit welded to the end plates 57 with the spacing accurately measured in advance.
［土留壁の施工方法］
つぎに、土留壁１の施工手順について、図１～図８を参照して説明する。
[Construction method of earth retaining wall]
Next, the construction procedure for the earth retaining wall 1 will be explained with reference to FIGS.
まず、杭打ち機などの施工機械を用いて、掘削境界線に沿って所定の間隔で親杭２を地盤に挿入する。 First, using a construction machine such as a pile driver, the main piles 2 are inserted into the ground at predetermined intervals along the excavation boundary line.
つぎに、親杭２によって囲まれた領域内を油圧ショベルなど掘削機械で掘削する。掘削の進行に伴い、親杭２間に横矢板３を架け渡し、土留めを図りながら徐々に掘り下げていく。所定の深さ、すなわち１段目の補助杭４の設置位置よりもやや掘り下げた位置まで掘削したら、１段目の補助杭４の設置作業に入る。 Next, the area enclosed by the parent piles 2 is excavated using an excavator or other excavating machine. As the excavation progresses, cross sheet piles 3 are placed between the parent piles 2, and the ground is gradually dug down while retaining soil. Once the excavation has reached the specified depth, i.e., a position slightly deeper than the installation position of the first tier of auxiliary piles 4, work begins on installing the first tier of auxiliary piles 4.
補助杭４の挿入に先立ち、まず、親杭２の左右両側部に、それぞれ上下一対の連結部材５（連結ユニットＵ）を固定する。この作業は、親杭２のウェブ２ｂを挟むように、左右一組の連結ユニットＵを配置し、複数の第１ボルトＢ１及び第１ナットＮ１を用いて、左右一組の連結ユニットＵを親杭２のウェブ２ｂに締結することにより行われる。また、挿入する補助杭４の挿入方向基端部には、複数の第３ボルトＢ３及び第３ナットＮ３を用いて、掴み代部材６を装着する。 Prior to inserting the auxiliary piles 4, a pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 (connecting units U) are first secured to the left and right sides of the parent pile 2. This is done by positioning the pair of connecting units U on either side of the web 2b of the parent pile 2, and fastening the pair of connecting units U to the web 2b of the parent pile 2 using a number of first bolts B1 and first nuts N1. Additionally, a gripping member 6 is attached to the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction using a number of third bolts B3 and third nuts N3.
補助杭４の挿入は、挿入用重機で掴み代部材６のウェブ６ｂを掴みながら行われる。補助杭４の挿入中は、補助杭４を上下一対の連結部材５間に位置させることにより、上下一対の連結部材５を挿入ガイドとして機能させる。挿入が完了したら、複数の第２ボルトＢ２及び第２ナットＮ２によって、補助杭４の一対のフランジ４ａを上下一対の連結部材５に締結させる。その後、掴み代部材６を補助杭４から取り外す。 The auxiliary pile 4 is inserted while the web 6b of the gripping member 6 is gripped with an insertion machine. During insertion of the auxiliary pile 4, the auxiliary pile 4 is positioned between the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5, which function as insertion guides. Once insertion is complete, the pair of flanges 4a of the auxiliary pile 4 are fastened to the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 using multiple second bolts B2 and second nuts N2. The gripping member 6 is then removed from the auxiliary pile 4.
１段目の補助杭４の設置作業が完了したら、掘削を開始し、横矢板３の設置を併行しながら徐々に地盤を掘り下げる。２段目の補助杭４の設置位置よりもやや掘り下げた位置まで掘削したら、２段目の補助杭４の設置作業に入る。設置要領は１段目の場合と同様である。２段目の補助杭４の設置作業が完了したら、所定深さまで掘削を行い、土留壁１の施工が完了する。 Once the installation of the first tier of auxiliary piles 4 is complete, excavation begins, and the ground is gradually dug down while the cross-sheet piles 3 are installed at the same time. Once the excavation has been completed to a position slightly deeper than the installation position of the second tier of auxiliary piles 4, installation of the second tier of auxiliary piles 4 begins. The installation procedure is the same as for the first tier. Once the installation of the second tier of auxiliary piles 4 is complete, excavation is continued to the specified depth, and construction of the retaining wall 1 is complete.
［実施形態の効果］
叙述の如く構成された本実施形態によれば、土留壁施工地盤に所定の間隔で挿入される複数の親杭２と、隣接する親杭２間に設置される複数の横矢板３と、親杭２の側部位置から背面側地盤に対して挿入され、かつ親杭２に連結部材５を介して連結される複数の補助杭４と、を備える土留壁１であって、親杭２及び補助杭４は、一対のフランジ２ａ、４ａと、一対のフランジ２ａ、４ａ同士を連結するウェブ２ｂ、４ｂと、を一体に有するＨ形鋼であり、ウェブ２ｂ、４ｂを溝底面とし、一対のフランジ２ａ、４ａを溝側面とする一対の溝部２ｃ、４ｃを有し、連結部材５は、１本の補助杭４に対して上下一対で使用され、上下一対の連結部材５は、補助杭４の上下幅寸法と同等の間隔を介して上下方向に並ぶように複数の第１ボルトＢ１を介して親杭２に締結され、上下一対の連結部材５の互いに対向する対向部位は、補助杭４を背面側地盤に挿入する際のガイドとして機能するので、補助杭４を容易、且つ高精度に背面側基盤に挿入することができる。
[Effects of the embodiment]
According to the present embodiment configured as described above, the earth-retaining wall 1 comprises a plurality of parent piles 2 inserted at predetermined intervals into the ground where the earth-retaining wall is to be constructed, a plurality of horizontal sheet piles 3 installed between adjacent parent piles 2, and a plurality of auxiliary piles 4 inserted from the sides of the parent piles 2 into the ground behind the parent piles 2 and connected to the parent piles 2 via connecting members 5, and the parent piles 2 and auxiliary piles 4 are H-shaped steel integrally having a pair of flanges 2a, 4a and webs 2b, 4b connecting the pair of flanges 2a, 4a, and the webs 2b, 4b are disposed at the bottom of the trench. The auxiliary pile 4 has a pair of groove portions 2c, 4c with a pair of flanges 2a, 4a as the groove side surfaces, and a pair of connecting members 5 are used for one auxiliary pile 4, one upper and one lower connecting member 5 is fastened to the parent pile 2 via a plurality of first bolts B1 so that they are lined up in the vertical direction at a distance equal to the vertical width dimension of the auxiliary pile 4, and the opposing portions of the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 function as guides when inserting the auxiliary pile 4 into the rear side ground, so that the auxiliary pile 4 can be inserted easily and with high precision into the rear side base.
また、上下一対の連結部材５の互いに対向する対向部位は、挿入された補助杭４のフランジ４ａと複数の第２ボルトＢ２を介して締結されるので、挿入された補助杭４を上下一対の連結部材５を介して強固に親杭２に連結することができ、その結果、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達を確実に行うことが可能になる。 In addition, the opposing portions of the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are fastened to the flange 4a of the inserted auxiliary pile 4 via multiple second bolts B2, so the inserted auxiliary pile 4 can be firmly connected to the parent pile 2 via the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5, ensuring reliable transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2.
また、連結部材５は、親杭２のウェブ２ｂに締結される親杭締結板部５１と、補助杭４のフランジ４ａに締結される補助杭締結板部５２と、親杭締結板部５１と補助杭締結板部５２とを一体的に連結する複数の連結板部５３と、によって箱形に形成されるので、連結部材５をＨ形鋼などで構成する場合に比べ、連結部材５自体の変形を抑制し、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。 In addition, the connecting member 5 is formed into a box shape by a parent pile fastening plate portion 51 that is fastened to the web 2b of the parent pile 2, an auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 52 that is fastened to the flange 4a of the auxiliary pile 4, and multiple connecting plate portions 53 that integrally connect the parent pile fastening plate portion 51 and the auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 52. Therefore, compared to when the connecting member 5 is made of H-shaped steel or the like, deformation of the connecting member 5 itself is suppressed, and the transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2 can be more reliably achieved.
また、上下一対の連結部材５は、エンドプレート５７を介して一体的に連結されているので、上下一対の連結部材５を個別に親杭２に締結する場合に比べ、上下一対の連結部材５の間隔を正確に管理できる。 In addition, because the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are integrally connected via the end plates 57, the spacing between the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 can be more accurately controlled than if the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 were fastened to the parent pile 2 individually.
また、補助杭４の挿入方向基端側には、一対のフランジ４ａ及びウェブ４ｂに対して溶着される補強部材４１～４３が設けられるので、補助杭４の変形を抑制し、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。 In addition, reinforcing members 41-43 are welded to the pair of flanges 4a and web 4b at the base end of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction, which suppresses deformation of the auxiliary pile 4 and more reliably transmits moment from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2.
また、補強部材４１～４３は、補助杭４の挿入方向基端面を覆う第１補強部材４１を含むので、補助杭４の挿入を邪魔することなく、補助杭４を補強できる。 Furthermore, the reinforcing members 41 to 43 include a first reinforcing member 41 that covers the base end face of the auxiliary pile 4 in the insertion direction, so the auxiliary pile 4 can be reinforced without interfering with its insertion.
また、補強部材４１～４３は、一対の溝部４ｃ内であって、連結部材５との締結位置近傍に設けられる複数の第２補強部材４２、４３を含むので、補助杭４の挿入を邪魔することなく、補助杭４を補強できる。また、連結部材５は、補助杭４の溝部４ｃに嵌入することなく、補助杭４の挿入ガイドを行うので、連結部材５との干渉を考慮せずに、一対の溝部４ｃ内に補強部材４２、４３を配置し、補助杭４を補強できる。 Furthermore, the reinforcing members 41-43 include multiple second reinforcing members 42, 43 that are provided within the pair of grooves 4c near the fastening position with the connecting member 5, so the auxiliary pile 4 can be reinforced without interfering with its insertion. Furthermore, the connecting member 5 guides the insertion of the auxiliary pile 4 without fitting into the groove 4c of the auxiliary pile 4, so the reinforcing members 42, 43 can be placed within the pair of grooves 4c and the auxiliary pile 4 can be reinforced without having to consider interference with the connecting member 5.
［第２実施形態］
つぎに、本発明の第２実施形態に係る土留壁１について、図１０～図１７を参照して説明する。ただし、前述した第１実施形態と共通の構成については、第１実施形態と同じ符号を用いることで、第１実施形態の説明を援用する場合がある。
Second Embodiment
Next, an earth retaining wall 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 10 to 17. However, for configurations common to the first embodiment described above, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment will be used, and the description of the first embodiment may be used.
図１１～図１７に示すように、第２実施形態の土留壁１は、上下の連結部材５と補助杭４を連結する第２ボルトＢ２の構成と、補助杭４に設けられる複数の第２補強部材４２～４４の構成と、連結部材５に設けられる補強板部５８の構成が第１実施形態と相違している。以下、これらの相違点を順次説明する。 As shown in Figures 11 to 17, the retaining wall 1 of the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the second bolts B2 that connect the upper and lower connecting members 5 and the auxiliary piles 4, the configuration of the multiple second reinforcing members 42 to 44 provided on the auxiliary piles 4, and the configuration of the reinforcing plate portion 58 provided on the connecting member 5. These differences will be explained in order below.
第２実施形態の第２ボルトＢ２は、上下一対の連結部材５の互いに対向する対向部位（補助杭締結板部５２）と、該対向部位間に挿入された補助杭４（上下のフランジ４ａ）を上下方向に貫通するロングボルトで構成されている。第１実施形態では、上下一対の連結部材５に対する補助杭４の締結に際して８本の第２ボルトＢ２が必要であったが、第２実施形態は、第２ボルトＢ２を４本に削減できるだけでなく、上下の連結部材５に対する補助杭４の締結を同時に行うことができる。また、連結作業時に閉空間となる補助杭４のフランジ内側面に事前にナットを配置（溶接）するような作業も不要となるので、土留壁１の施工性を大幅に向上させることができる。なお、第１実施形態では、すべての第２ボルトＢ２をショートボルトとし、第２実施形態では、すべての第２ボルトＢ２をロングボルトとしているが、第２ボルトとして、ショートボルトとロングボルトを混在させてもよい。 In the second embodiment, the second bolts B2 are long bolts that vertically penetrate the opposing portions (auxiliary pile fastening plate portions 52) of the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 and the auxiliary piles 4 (upper and lower flanges 4a) inserted between these opposing portions. In the first embodiment, eight second bolts B2 were required to fasten the auxiliary piles 4 to the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5. In the second embodiment, the number of second bolts B2 is reduced to four, and the auxiliary piles 4 can be fastened to the upper and lower connecting members 5 simultaneously. Furthermore, work such as pre-installing (welding) nuts on the inner flange surfaces of the auxiliary piles 4, which form a closed space during the connecting work, is no longer necessary, significantly improving the workability of the earth-retaining wall 1. Note that in the first embodiment, all second bolts B2 are short bolts, and in the second embodiment, all second bolts B2 are long bolts. However, short and long bolts may be mixed as second bolts.
また、第２実施形態では、補助杭４が上下一対の連結部材５に連結されたとき、側面視において、補助杭４の複数の第２補強部材４２～４４と、上下一対の連結部材５の複数の連結板部５３とが上下方向に直線状に並ぶ配置構成となっている。具体的に説明すると、第２補強部材４２～４４は、前後方向において第２ボルトＢ２の貫通空間を挟むように補助杭４に３枚設けられ、補助杭４が上下一対の連結部材５に連結されたとき、側面視において、上下一対の連結部材５の３枚の連結板部５３とが上下方向に直線状に並ぶ。これにより、補助杭４の連結部材５との連結部分を強固に補強できるだけでなく、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。なお、第２補強部材４２～４４の枚数は、２枚であってもよいし、４枚以上であってもよい。 In addition, in the second embodiment, when the auxiliary pile 4 is connected to the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5, the multiple second reinforcing members 42-44 of the auxiliary pile 4 and the multiple connecting plate portions 53 of the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are arranged in a vertically linear fashion in a side view. Specifically, three second reinforcing members 42-44 are provided on the auxiliary pile 4, sandwiching the through space of the second bolt B2 in the front-to-rear direction. When the auxiliary pile 4 is connected to the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5, the three connecting plate portions 53 of the pair of upper and lower connecting members 5 are arranged in a vertically linear fashion in a side view. This not only firmly reinforces the connection portion of the auxiliary pile 4 with the connecting member 5, but also more reliably transmits moments from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2. The number of second reinforcing members 42-44 may be two, four, or more.
また、第１実施形態及び第２実施形態の連結部材５は、複数の連結板部５３同士を一体的に連結する補強板部５４、５５、５８を備えるが、第１実施形態の連結部材５では、連結板部５３の上端部同士を連結する第１補強板部５４と、連結板部５３の下端部同士を連結する第２補強板部５５とを設けているのに対し、第２実施形態の連結部材５では、外側の連結板部５３の上下方向中間部同士を連結する１本の補強板部５８（例えば、断面Ｌ字形のアングル材）を設けている。このような第１実施形態及び第２実施形態の連結部材５によれば、連結部材５自体の変形をさらに抑制し、補助杭４から親杭２に対するモーメントの伝達をより確実に行うことが可能になる。また、第２実施形態の連結部材５では、外側の連結板部５３の上下方向中間部同士を補強板部５８で連結することのよって補強効率が高められるので、１本の補強板部５８でも十分な補強効果が得られる。 The connecting member 5 of the first and second embodiments includes reinforcing plates 54, 55, and 58 that integrally connect the multiple connecting plate portions 53. However, while the connecting member 5 of the first embodiment includes a first reinforcing plate 54 that connects the upper ends of the connecting plate portions 53 and a second reinforcing plate 55 that connects the lower ends of the connecting plate portions 53, the connecting member 5 of the second embodiment includes a single reinforcing plate 58 (e.g., an angle bar with an L-shaped cross section) that connects the vertically intermediate portions of the outer connecting plate portions 53. The connecting members 5 of the first and second embodiments further suppress deformation of the connecting member 5 itself, enabling more reliable transmission of moment from the auxiliary pile 4 to the parent pile 2. Furthermore, the connecting member 5 of the second embodiment improves reinforcing efficiency by connecting the vertically intermediate portions of the outer connecting plate portions 53 with the reinforcing plate 58, so a single reinforcing plate 58 can provide sufficient reinforcing effect.
なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された範囲内において、種々の変形及び変更が可能である。例えば、土留壁１は、仮設構造物として適用される他、そのまま本設構造物としての利用も可能である。本設構造体とした土留壁１は、立体交差道路の堀割道路の擁壁、造成地盤などにおける盛土擁壁、腹付け盛土の擁壁、もたれ擁壁として適用することができる（例えば、特開２０１７－１９７９５０号公報参照）。また、土留壁１を大深度掘削に適用する場合は、補助杭４だけでなく、グランドアンカーを併用してもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the claims. For example, the earth retaining wall 1 can be used as a temporary structure, or as a permanent structure. The earth retaining wall 1 as a permanent structure can be used as a retaining wall for a trench road at an overpass, an embankment retaining wall in developed ground, a retaining wall for a flank embankment, or a leaning retaining wall (see, for example, JP 2017-197950 A). Furthermore, when the earth retaining wall 1 is used in deep excavations, ground anchors may be used in addition to the auxiliary piles 4.
１ 土留壁
２ 親杭
２ａ フランジ
２ｂ ウェブ
２ｃ 溝部
３ 横矢板
４ 補助杭
４ａ フランジ
４ｂ ウェブ
４ｃ 溝部
４１ 第１補強部材
４１ａ ボルト挿通孔
４２～４４ 第２補強部材
５ 連結部材
５１ 親杭締結板部
５２ 補助杭締結板部
５３ 連結板部
５４ 第１補強板部
５５ 第２補強板部
５６ 開口部
５７ エンドプレート
５８ 補強板部
６ 掴み代部材
６ａ フランジ
６ｂ ウェブ
６１ 掴み代側継手部材
Ｕ 連結ユニット
Ｂ１ 第１ボルト
Ｂ２ 第２ホルト
Ｂ３ 第３ボルト
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Retaining wall 2 Parent pile 2a Flange 2b Web 2c Groove portion 3 Horizontal sheet pile 4 Auxiliary pile 4a Flange 4b Web 4c Groove portion 41 First reinforcing member 41a Bolt insertion hole 42 to 44 Second reinforcing member 5 Connecting member 51 Parent pile fastening plate portion 52 Auxiliary pile fastening plate portion 53 Connecting plate portion 54 First reinforcing plate portion 55 Second reinforcing plate portion 56 Opening 57 End plate 58 Reinforcing plate portion 6 Grip member 6a Flange 6b Web 61 Grip side joint member U Connecting unit B1 First bolt B2 Second bolt B3 Third bolt
Claims (9)
隣接する前記親杭間に設置される複数の横矢板と、
前記親杭の側部位置から背面側地盤に対して挿入され、かつ前記親杭に連結部材を介して連結される複数の補助杭と、を備える土留壁であって、
前記親杭及び前記補助杭は、一対のフランジと、一対の前記フランジ同士を連結するウェブと、を一体に有するＨ形鋼であり、前記ウェブを溝底面とし、一対の前記フランジを溝側面とする一対の溝部を有し、
前記連結部材は、１本の前記補助杭に対して上下一対で使用され、
上下一対の前記連結部材は、前記補助杭の上下幅寸法と同等の間隔を介して上下方向に並ぶように複数の第１ボルトを介して前記親杭に締結され、
上下一対の前記連結部材の互いに対向する対向部位は、前記補助杭を背面側地盤に挿入する際のガイドとして機能し、且つ挿入された前記補助杭の前記フランジと複数の第２ボルトを介して締結される土留壁。 a plurality of parent piles inserted at predetermined intervals into the earth retaining wall construction ground;
A plurality of horizontal sheet piles installed between adjacent parent piles;
A retaining wall comprising: a plurality of auxiliary piles inserted into the backside ground from the side positions of the parent piles and connected to the parent piles via connecting members;
The parent pile and the auxiliary pile are H-shaped steel beams integrally having a pair of flanges and a web connecting the pair of flanges, and have a pair of grooves with the web as the groove bottom surface and the pair of flanges as the groove side surfaces,
The connecting members are used in pairs, one above the other, for one auxiliary pile,
The pair of upper and lower connecting members are fastened to the parent pile via a plurality of first bolts so as to be aligned in the vertical direction at intervals equivalent to the vertical width dimensions of the auxiliary piles,
The opposing portions of the pair of upper and lower connecting members function as guides when inserting the auxiliary piles into the rear ground, and are fastened to the flanges of the inserted auxiliary piles via a plurality of second bolts to form a retaining wall.
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| JP2017223043A (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | 株式会社大林組 | Connection structure for wale |
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| JPS511323B2 (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1976-01-16 | ||
| JPS5441535Y2 (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1979-12-05 | ||
| JPS5847084Y2 (en) * | 1980-11-05 | 1983-10-27 | 太洋建材株式会社 | Mountain retaining frame structure for civil engineering construction |
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| JP2003003471A (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-08 | East Japan Railway Co | Excavated soil retaining method using the own weight of back soil |
| JP3098695U (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2004-03-11 | 株式会社アイ・エル・シー | Reinforcement structure replacing H-shaped steel stiffener |
| US20110142550A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2011-06-16 | Jae Ho Lee | Method for constructing a chair-type, self-supported earth retaining wall |
| JP2010222943A (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2010-10-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Wall metal fittings and underground continuous wall construction method |
| JP2017197950A (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 戸田建設株式会社 | Insert pile retaining wall |
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