JP7350502B2 - Detached houses and their construction methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a detached house with a seismic isolation function and a construction method thereof.

There are three known ways to protect buildings from earthquakes: seismic resistance, seismic isolation, and seismic control. If the building is a large facility or large building, it is possible to take various measures such as combining these three measures.
However, in single-family houses built by individuals, it is difficult to actually implement such countermeasures because of the high cost. For example, even with seismic isolation, many dampers must be installed between the foundation and the building, which is difficult for individual detached houses. Therefore, a device that can be easily installed even in a detached house is known from Patent Document 1.

The earthquake-resistant house described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a stainless steel plate is sandwiched between the house and the foundation structure, and the house and the foundation structure are not fixed. Although Patent Document 1 refers to the house as an earthquake-resistant house, this measure is not applicable because the house and the foundation structure are not fixed, and the shaking caused by the earthquake is not transmitted to the house on the foundation structure. It is classified as an earthquake.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-218677

However, in the conventional single-family house described in Patent Document 1, only a stainless steel plate is sandwiched between the house and the foundation structure, so the period and magnitude of earthquake shaking, and the difference between the foundation structure and the stainless steel plate. Depending on the frictional force between the building and the stainless steel plate, there is a risk that not only the foundation structure and the stainless steel plate may become misaligned, but also the house may become misaligned with the stainless steel plate.

If this happens, the stainless steel plate that supports the house foundation from below will shift from the house foundation, and there will be nothing to support the house foundation, so the load of the building will be applied to the house foundation, causing the house foundation to crack, chip, or fall off. There is a risk of
Therefore, if a problem occurs in the important foundation that supports the building, the seismic performance of the detached house will decrease.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a single-family house that is easy to install even in private homes and is resistant to earthquake shaking, and a method for constructing the same.

The detached house of the present invention includes a concrete flat plate formed on the ground, a metal plate installed in a non-fixed state on the concrete flat plate, a foundation fixed to the metal plate, and a building built on the foundation. It is characterized by having the following.

According to the detached house of the present invention, the concrete flat plate and the metal plate are in an unfixed state, and the metal plate and the foundation are in a fixed state. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs and the ground shakes, and the detached house of the present invention shakes, the building shakes on the concrete flat plate together with the metal plate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the foundation from shifting from the metal plate. Furthermore, since the metal plate is simply installed on a concrete flat plate, construction is easy and inexpensive.

Particulate matter may be interspersed between the concrete flat plate and the metal plate. Particulate matter weakens the frictional force between the concrete flat plate and the metal plate, so the metal plate shifts from the concrete flat plate and is able to provide seismic isolation even in the case of short or long period vibrations, thereby preventing major damage to foundations and buildings due to shaking. It can be made difficult to receive.

The metal plate may be installed in a range that exposes the peripheral edge of the concrete flat plate. Even if the metal plate shifts from the concrete flat plate, it can be prevented from protruding from the concrete flat plate.

The building includes a building body having walls and a floor slab, and a roof provided on the top of the building body, the building body having a reinforced concrete structure, and the roof having a wooden structure. be able to.
Since the roof can be made lightweight, the center of gravity of the building can be lowered, compared to having an entirely reinforced concrete structure. Therefore, it is possible to easily link the building to the metal plate.

When the metal plate is a plated steel plate of aluminum and zinc alloy, sufficient strength as a metal plate can be ensured and procurement is easy.

The concrete flat plate may be formed in a pit that is dug deeply, and the side wall of the pit and the foundation may be spaced apart from each other. Even if the metal plate slides a lot and the foundation shifts significantly from the concrete slab, the side wall of the pit is separated from the foundation, so the foundation can move between the side wall and prevent the building from collapsing or the furniture from collapsing. It can prevent falls.

The method for constructing a detached house of the present invention includes a step of pouring a concrete flat plate into the ground, a step of installing a metal plate after the concrete flat plate has hardened, and a step of forming a foundation on the metal plate. a step of installing a foundation formwork, a step of pouring concrete into the foundation formwork, and a step of removing the foundation formwork after the concrete poured into the foundation formwork has solidified; The method is characterized in that it includes a step of constructing a building on the foundation.
The detached house of the present invention can be constructed by using the detached house construction method of the present invention.

According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the foundation from shifting from the metal plate, and it can be constructed at low cost and easily, so it can be easily installed even in private homes, and it can withstand earthquake shaking. It can be made strong.

1 is a diagram for explaining the structure of a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the construction method of the detached house structure shown in FIG. ) is a diagram of metal plates placed on waste concrete. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the construction method of a detached house structure continued from FIG. B) is a diagram showing a state in which concrete is poured into the foundation formwork and the foundation is constructed. These are diagrams for explaining the construction method of a detached house structure following from Figure 3, (A) is a diagram with the main body of the building constructed on the foundation, and (B) is a diagram with the roof constructed on the main body of the building. FIG.

A detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
The detached house 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a concrete flat plate 2 formed on the ground G, a metal plate 3 installed with the concrete flat plate 2 solidified, a foundation 4 fixed to the metal plate 3, and a foundation 4. It has a building 5 built on top.

A pit P is formed in the ground G by being dug deeply. The pit P is covered with crushed stones (not shown). The thickness of the crushed stone can be 5 cm.
The concrete flat plate 2 is a waste concrete formed by pouring concrete. In this embodiment, the thickness is 10 cm.
The metal plate 3 is made up of rectangular steel plates arranged in vertical and horizontal rows. The metal plate 3 is installed in a range that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete flat plate 2.
In this embodiment, the metal plate 3 is formed of an aluminum and zinc alloy plated steel plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm. As the aluminum and zinc alloy plated steel sheet, for example, Galvalume Steel Sheet (registered trademark) can be used.

The foundation 4 serves as the frame of the building 5, and is formed of a solid foundation consisting of a rising portion 41 and a foundation slab 42 that serves as a pressure-resistant plate.
The building 5 includes a building body 51 that forms a living space for residents, and a roof 52 provided on the top of the building body 51.
The building body 51 has walls 51a and floor slabs 51b of reinforced concrete structure. The building body 51 according to this embodiment has a wall-type concrete structure. Note that the first floor floor 51c is made of wood board material.

The roof 52 is formed of a wooden structure. The roof 52 is formed from a roof main body 521 and a roof finishing material 522.
The roof main body 521 includes rafters 52a, a main building 52b, a shed bundle 52c, a beam 52d, and a field board 52e. The roof finishing material 522 is made of slate-based materials such as Colonial (registered trademark) and Colorbest (registered trademark), clay-based materials such as tiles, cement-based materials such as Moniel (trademark), galvalume steel sheets, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, etc. Metallic steel plates etc. can be used. In this embodiment, a galvalume steel plate, which is an example of a metal steel plate, is used, which is lighter than other roof finishing materials and has higher weather resistance.
The roof finishing material 522 is arranged to cover the roof main body 521.

A construction method for a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be explained based on the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 2(A), a pit P is constructed by digging deeply into the ground G. At this time, the ground G is dug and expanded so that a gap S is created between the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 (see FIG. 1).

As shown in FIG. 2(B), crushed stone (not shown) is spread and leveled in the pit P, and concrete is cast to construct a sacrificial concrete that will become the concrete slab 2.
As shown in FIG. 2C, when the concrete flat plate 2 hardens, rectangular galvalume steel plates that will become the metal plates 3 are sequentially arranged in vertical and horizontal rows on the concrete flat plate 2. At this time, the metal plate 3 is installed in a range that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete flat plate 2.

Since the metal plate 3 is installed after the concrete flat plate 2 is solidified, the metal plate 3 is not fixed to the concrete flat plate 2.
Furthermore, since the metal plate 3 is installed after the concrete flat plate 2 has solidified, granules can be laid on the concrete flat plate 2 before installing the metal plate 3. The granules can be, for example, sand, soil, small pieces of crushed stone, or metal balls.

As shown in FIG. 3(A), a foundation form M for forming a foundation 4 (see FIG. 1) is installed on the concrete flat plate 2. Then, reinforcing bars R are arranged at positions that will become the rising portion 41 of the foundation 4 and the foundation slab 42.
Next, concrete is poured into the foundation formwork M. When the concrete poured into the foundation formwork M hardens, the foundation formwork M is removed, and the foundation 4 is constructed as shown in FIG. 3(B). In this embodiment, the foundation slab 42 is formed to have a thickness of 280 mm.
Since the foundation 4 is constructed on the metal plate 3, the foundation 4 is fixed to the metal plate 3.
If the foundation 4 can be constructed, the gap S between the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 can be backfilled.

Next, a wall formwork (not shown) is assembled on the foundation 4, concrete is poured, and the wall is constructed.
In this way, as shown in FIG. 4(A), the wall 51a and floor slab 51b, which are integrated with the foundation 4, and the first floor floor 51c are formed, and the building body 51 is constructed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4(B), the beam 52d is passed to the building body 51, and the shed bundle 52c is erected. Then, the roof main body 521 is constructed by passing the main building 52b, arranging the rafters 52a, and pasting the field boards 52e.
When the roof main body 521 is assembled, a roof finishing material 522 made of galvalume steel plate is applied to the field board 52e, and the roof 52 is constructed.

Since the building 5 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed in this manner, the concrete flat plate 2 and the metal plate 3 are in an unfixed state, and the metal plate 3 and the foundation 4 are in a fixed state. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs and the ground G shakes and the detached house 1 shakes, the building 5 shakes on the concrete flat plate 2 together with the metal plate 3. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the foundation 4 from shifting from the metal plate 3, and the foundation 4 is firmly supported on the metal plate 3, thereby preventing the foundation 4 from cracking, chipping, falling off, etc. can. Further, since the metal plate 3 is simply installed on the concrete flat plate 2, construction is easy and inexpensive.
Therefore, the detached house 1 is easy to install even in a private residence, and is resistant to earthquake shaking.

By scattering granules on the concrete flat plate 2, the frictional force between the concrete flat plate 2 and the metal plate 3 is weakened, so that the metal plate 3 is prevented from shifting from the concrete flat plate 2 even with short or long period vibrations. Since the building can tremble, the foundation 4 and the building 5 can be made less susceptible to damage caused by shaking.

Since the metal plate 3 is installed in a range that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete flat plate 2, even if the metal plate 3 shifts from the concrete flat plate 2, it can be prevented from protruding from the concrete flat plate 2. Therefore, the metal plate 3 can be firmly supported by the concrete flat plate 2.

If the center of gravity of the building is high, there is a risk that the metal plate 3 will shift from the concrete flat plate 2 and the building will collapse when it vibrates.
However, in the building 5, the building body 51 has a reinforced concrete structure, and the roof 52 has a wooden structure. Therefore, the roof 52 located at the top of the building 5 can be made lighter than when it is made of concrete.
Therefore, the center of gravity of the building 5 is lower than when the entire building is constructed of concrete, so that when the building 5 shakes, the entire building 5 is more likely to interlock with the metal plate 3, and the collapse of the building 5 can be avoided. I can do it.
In particular, since the roof finishing material 522 of the roof 52 uses a metal steel plate that is lighter than roof tiles, the roof 52 can be made even lighter.

By forming the metal plate 3 from a galvalume steel plate, it is easy to procure and has sufficient strength. Furthermore, since it is made of the same material as the roof finishing material 522, it can be procured from the same vendor. Therefore, procurement costs can be suppressed.

Although the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 are separated and the gap S is backfilled with backfilling soil, the backfilling soil is softer than the ground G. Therefore, even if the metal plate 3 slides greatly and the foundation 4 is largely displaced from the concrete flat plate 2, the foundation 4 will move while pushing away the soft backfill soil because the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 are separated. can do.

If the foundation 4 is close to the side wall of the pit P, the movement of the foundation 4 will cause the foundation 4 to collide with the side wall P1 of the pit P and its movement will be restricted, causing the building 5 to collapse due to the force of the collision. Or furniture in the building 5 may fall over.
However, since the foundation 4 can move between the side wall P1 and the side wall P1, collapse of the building 5 and falling of furniture can be prevented.

In addition, in the detached house 1 according to the present embodiment, the building body 51 has a wall-type concrete structure, but it may be a wooden structure.

The present invention is most suitable for small-scale private residences.

1 Single-family house 2 Concrete flat plate 21 Peripheral part 3 Metal plate 4 Foundation 41 Standing part 42 Foundation slab 5 Building 51 Building body 51a Wall 51b Floor slab 51c First floor floor 52 Roof 521 Roof body 52a Rafters 52b Main building 52c Shed bundle 52d Beam 52e Field board 522 Roof finishing material G Ground P Pit P1 Side wall S Gap M Foundation formwork R Rebar

Claims (7)

A concrete slab formed in a pit dug deep into the ground,
a metal plate installed in an unfixed state on the concrete flat plate;
a foundation fixed to the metal plate and spaced apart from the side wall of the pit;
This is backfill soil that is backfilled in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, and when the metal plate slides and the foundation shifts from the concrete flat plate, the foundation can move while being pushed away. backfill soil that is softer than the ground to a certain extent ;
A detached house comprising a building constructed on the foundation. 2. The detached house according to claim 1, wherein granules are interspersed between the concrete flat plate and the metal plate. 3. The detached house according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is installed in a range that exposes the peripheral edge of the concrete flat plate. The building includes a building body including walls and a floor slab, and a roof provided on the top of the building body,
The building body has a reinforced concrete structure,
The detached house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the roof is a wooden structure. The detached house according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal plate is an aluminum and zinc alloy plated steel plate. A process of digging deep into the ground to form a pit,
forming a concrete slab in the pit;
installing a metal plate in an unfixed state on the concrete flat plate;
forming a foundation that is fixed to the metal plate and is spaced from the side wall of the pit;
In the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, backfilling is softer than the ground to the extent that when the metal plate slides and the foundation shifts from the concrete flat plate, the foundation can move while pushing it away. The process of backfilling the soil,
and constructing a building on the foundation. A process of constructing a pit by digging deep into the ground, and a process of digging and widening the ground so that a gap is created between the side wall of the pit and the foundation;
a step of placing a concrete slab on the ground;
After the concrete slab has solidified, installing a metal plate;
installing a foundation formwork on the metal plate to form a foundation spaced from the side wall of the pit;
a step of pouring concrete into the foundation form;
After the concrete cast in the foundation formwork has solidified, removing the foundation formwork;
In the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, backfilling is softer than the ground to the extent that when the metal plate slides and the foundation shifts from the concrete flat plate, the foundation can move while pushing it away. The process of backfilling the soil,
and constructing a building on the foundation.

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