JP7267633B2 - Compressor and expander - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a compressor/expander.

A positive displacement compressor and positive displacement expander includes at least a working space portion (cylinder, piston, etc.) whose volume changes. This positive displacement compressor and positive displacement expander can be operated as a compressor that compresses gas by changing the volume of the cylinder due to the reciprocating motion of the piston. On the other hand, the positive displacement compressor and positive displacement expander can also be operated as an expander that reciprocates a piston with high-pressure gas to generate power (for example, Patent Document 1).

U.S. Pat. No. 7,188,474

In general, a normally closed check valve (check valve) that opens due to differential pressure and fluid force is installed between the working space and the high pressure side external space of a positive displacement compressor and positive displacement expander. It is provided as a discharge valve. When the pressure of the gas compressed in the working space exceeds the pressure of the high pressure side outer space, the check valve opens due to the differential pressure and fluid force, and the gas in the working space is discharged to the high pressure side outer space through the check valve, and the positive displacement compressor A combined positive displacement expander functions as a discharge valve for the compressor. However, in order to function as an intake valve for an expander, it is necessary to apply a forcible force to the valve body to open it. The stop valve cannot use a valve unloader mechanism (usually used for compressor intake valves) that opens the valve by pushing the valve body with a yoke that is operated by an actuator installed on the outside space side.

In addition, between the external space and the working space of the internal combustion engine, there is a spring force, differential pressure and flow from the working space side, such as an intake and exhaust valve (poppet valve) that opens from the external space side toward the working space side. A valve is provided that closes with physical force. When such a valve is used as a valve between the high-pressure side outer space and the working space of the expander, a differential pressure acts from the high-pressure side outer space side to the working space side and can be opened, so a very strong spring is used. must be closed. For this reason, a large amount of power is required to open the valve with a forced force, which can lead to a decrease in mechanical efficiency.

Furthermore, the invention described in Patent Document 1 uses a normally closed valve to constitute an inlet valve of an expander. to open the valve. However, in order to secure a space for arranging the operating mechanism for opening the normally closed valve, the operating direction of the valve is arranged perpendicular to the normal direction of the operating space. This requires a passage between the working space and the valve, resulting in a large clearance volume, which can lead to a decrease in volumetric efficiency.

Therefore, the present invention functions as a compressor by compressing gas in the working space while suppressing a decrease in volumetric efficiency, and functions as an expander by expanding gas in the working space. It is an object of the present invention to provide a compressor and expander capable of fulfilling

A compressor and expander according to one aspect of the present invention includes a working space portion whose volume changes, a high pressure side external space portion connected to the working space portion, and a low pressure side external space portion connected to the working space portion. and The compressor/expander includes a first valve disposed between the working space and the high pressure side external space, and a second valve disposed between the working space and the low pressure side external space. , a first valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the first valve, and a second valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the second valve. The first valve includes a first valve seat, a first valve body that is pressed against the first valve seat from the high pressure side external space side to close the first valve seat, and the first valve body on the working space side. and a first urging portion that urges toward the high-pressure side external space side. The first valve actuation mechanism closes the first valve by an operation of pushing the first valve body from the high pressure side external space side toward the working space side. The second valve includes a second valve seat, a second valve body that is pressed against the second valve seat from the working space side to close the second valve seat, and a low pressure on the second valve body from the working space side. and a second biasing portion that biases toward the side of the external space. The second valve actuation mechanism opens the second valve by pushing the second valve body from the low pressure side external space side to the working space side.

Further, a compressor/expander according to an aspect of the present invention includes a working space portion whose volume changes, a high pressure side external space portion connected to the working space portion, and a low pressure side external space portion connected to the working space portion. and a space. The compressor/expander includes a first valve disposed between the working space and the high pressure side external space, and a second valve disposed between the working space and the low pressure side external space. , a first valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the first valve, and a second valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the second valve. The first valve includes a first valve seat, a first valve body that is pressed against the first valve seat from the side of the high-pressure side external space to close the first valve seat, and a first valve body that closes the high-pressure side space. A normally closed valve having a first biasing portion that biases from the working space side toward the working space side. The first valve actuation mechanism opens the first valve by pulling the first valve body from the working space side to the high pressure side external space side. The second valve includes a second valve seat, a second valve body that is pressed against the second valve seat from the working space side to close the second valve seat, and the second valve body on the low pressure side external space side. and a second biasing portion that biases toward the working space portion side. The second valve operating mechanism closes the second valve by pulling the second valve body from the working space side to the low pressure side external space side.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the expander functions as a compressor by compressing gas in the working space while suppressing a decrease in volumetric efficiency, and expands the gas in the working space. It is possible to provide a compressor and expander that can function as a

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a compressor/expander according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the compressor and expander which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the compressor and expander which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the compressor and expander which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the compressor and expander which concerns on one Example of this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[Configuration of Compressor and Expander]
As shown in FIG. 1, a compressor/expander (displacement compressor/displacement expander) 1 includes a working space 2 whose volume changes and a high pressure side external space 3 connected to the working space 2. and a low pressure side external space portion 4 connected to the working space portion 2 .

The compressor/expander 1 also includes a first valve 5 disposed between the working space 2 and the high pressure side external space 3, and between the working space 2 and the low pressure side external space 4. A second valve 6 is provided.

Further, the compressor/expander 1 includes a first valve actuation mechanism 7 that opens and closes the first valve 5, a second valve actuation mechanism 8 that opens and closes the second valve 6, the first valve actuation mechanism 7 and the second valve and a control unit (controller) 9 that controls the actuation mechanism 8 .

The working space 2 has a cylinder 20 and a piston 21 as a reciprocating member slidably arranged inside the cylinder 20 . Between the ceiling surface and inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 20 and the top surface of the piston 21, a working space 22 whose volume changes is defined.

A ceiling surface of the cylinder 20 is provided with a high-pressure side port 20a to which a high-pressure side pipe 30 (described later) is connected, and a low-pressure side port 20b to which a low-pressure side pipe 40 (described later) is connected.

A ring groove is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the piston 21, and a piston ring 25 is arranged in this ring groove. A crankshaft 12 is connected to the piston 21 via a connecting rod 11 .

The high pressure side external space 3 has a high pressure side pipe 30 connected to the high pressure side port 20 a of the cylinder 20 and a heat exchanger 31 arranged in the middle of the high pressure side pipe 30 . A high pressure side external space 32 communicating with the working space 22 of the working space portion 2 is formed inside the high pressure side pipe 30 . When the compressor/expander 1 is operated as an expander that generates power, the gas flowing into the working space 22 from the first valve 5 is heated in the heat exchanger 31, and the temperature of the expanded gas becomes lower. Don't overdo it.

The low pressure side external space 4 has a low pressure side pipe 40 connected to the low pressure side port 20 b of the cylinder 20 . A low-pressure side external space 41 communicating with the working space 22 of the working space portion 2 is formed inside the low-pressure side pipe 40 .

The first valve 5 has a first valve seat 50 disposed between the working space 22 and the high pressure side external space 32, and a first valve seat 50 pressed against the first valve seat 50 from the high pressure side external space 32 side. and a first valve body 51 closing the seat 50 . The first valve body 51 is arranged on the high pressure side external space 32 side. The first valve 5 opens when the fluid force acts on the first valve body 51 from the working space 22, and when the fluid force acts on the first valve body 51 from the high pressure side external space 32, the first valve body 51 opens the first valve. It is pressed against the seat 50 and closed.

In the first valve 5, the first valve body 51 opens from the low pressure side (working space 22 side) toward the high pressure side (high pressure side external space 32 side), and the gas pressure on the high pressure side closes the first valve body 51. so that the sealing performance is improved when the differential pressure increases. If the opening direction of the first valve 5 is the opposite direction, a large operating force is required to seal the gas pressure and to open and close, which may increase mechanical loss.

Further, in the first valve 5 , the operating direction of the first valve body 51 is arranged parallel to the normal direction of the operating space 22 . As a result, no passage is required between the working space 22 and the first valve body 51, and an increase in clearance volume can be suppressed, and a decrease in volumetric efficiency can be suppressed.

The first valve 5 has a first biasing portion that biases the first valve body 51 from the working space 2 side (working space 22 side) toward the high pressure side external space 3 side (high pressure side external space 32 side). (not shown) is a normally open valve. This first biasing part is configured by having a spring or the like, for example.

The first valve 5 has a first biasing portion that biases the first valve body 51 from the side of the high pressure side external space 3 (the side of the high pressure side external space 32) toward the side of the working space 2 (the side of the working space 22). (not shown). This first biasing part is configured by having a spring or the like, for example.

The second valve 6 has a second valve seat 60 arranged between the working space 22 and the low pressure side external space 41 and a second valve seat 60 pressed against the second valve seat 60 from the working space 22 side. and a second valve body 61 that closes the . The second valve body 61 is arranged on the working space 22 side. The second valve 6 opens when the fluid force acts on the second valve body 61 from the low pressure side external space 41, and when the fluid force acts on the second valve body 61 from the working space 22, the second valve body 61 opens the second valve body. It is pressed against the seat 60 and closed.

In the second valve 6, the second valve body 61 opens from the low pressure side (low pressure side external space 41 side) toward the high pressure side (working space 22 side), and the gas pressure on the high pressure side closes the second valve body 61. so that the sealing performance is improved when the differential pressure increases. If the second valve 6 opens in the opposite direction, a large operating force is required to seal the gas pressure and to open and close, which may increase mechanical loss.

Further, in the second valve 6 , the operating direction of the second valve body 61 is arranged parallel to the normal direction of the operating space 22 . This eliminates the need for a passage between the working space 22 and the second valve body 61, thereby suppressing an increase in the clearance volume and suppressing a decrease in volumetric efficiency.

The second valve 6 has a second biasing portion that biases the second valve body 61 from the low pressure side external space 4 side (low pressure side external space 41 side) toward the working space portion 2 side (working space 22 side). (not shown) is a normally open valve. This second biasing part is configured by having a spring or the like, for example.

The second valve 6 has a second biasing portion that biases the second valve body 61 from the working space 2 side (working space 22 side) toward the low pressure side external space 4 side (low pressure side external space 41 side). (not shown). This second biasing part is configured by having a spring or the like, for example.

The first valve actuation mechanism 7 has a first actuator 70 that converts command signals into physical motion. A first yoke 72 is connected to the first valve body 51 of the first valve 5 via a first stem 71 , and the first valve actuation mechanism 7 moves the first yoke 72 by means of a first actuator 70 . By doing so, the first valve body 51 is moved.

The first valve actuating mechanism 7 forcibly actuates the first valve 5 to close it by the action of pushing the first valve body 51 in the actuation direction (closed position) by the first actuator 70 . That is, the first valve operating mechanism 7 forces the first valve 5 to close by pushing the first valve body 51 from the high pressure side external space 3 side toward the working space portion 2 side.

On the other hand, the first valve operating mechanism 7 forcibly operates the first valve 5 to open it by pulling the first valve body 51 from the operating direction (closed position) by the first actuator 70 . That is, the first valve operating mechanism 7 forcibly operates and opens the first valve 5 by pulling the first valve body 51 from the working space portion 2 side to the high pressure side external space portion 3 side.

The second valve actuation mechanism 8 has a second actuator 80 that converts the command signal into physical motion. A second yoke 82 is connected to the second valve body 61 of the second valve 6 via a second stem 81, and the second valve actuation mechanism 8 moves the second yoke 82 by means of a second actuator 80. By doing so, the second valve body 61 is moved.

The second valve operating mechanism 8 forcibly operates the second valve 6 to close it by pulling the second valve body 61 from the operating direction (open position) by the second actuator 80 . That is, the second valve operating mechanism 8 forcibly operates the second valve 6 to close it by pulling the second valve body 61 from the working space portion 2 side to the low pressure side external space portion 4 side.

On the other hand, the second valve actuation mechanism 8 forcibly operates the second valve 6 to open it by pushing the second valve body 61 in the actuation direction (open position) by the second actuator 80 . That is, the second valve operating mechanism 8 forces the second valve 6 to open by pushing the second valve body 61 from the low pressure side external space 4 toward the working space 2 .

The control unit 9 controls driving of the first valve actuation mechanism 7 and the second valve actuation mechanism 8 according to, for example, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 12 for each of the compressor operation and the expander operation.

[Operation of compressor/expander (compressor operation)]
Among the operations of the compressor/expander 1, the operation of the compressor will be described below.

With the piston 21 in the working space 2 near the maximum volume position Pmax and the first valve 5 and the second valve 6 closed, the piston 21 moves from the maximum volume position Pmax toward the minimum volume position Pmin. be done. The movement of the piston 21 reduces the volume of the working space 22 and increases the pressure in the working space 22, opening the first valve 5 near the first predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin. The gas in the working space 22 is discharged through the first valve 5 to the high pressure side external space 32, and closes the first valve 5 near the minimum volume position Pmin of the piston 21. When the piston 21 is moved from the minimum volume position Pmin side toward the maximum volume position Pmax side, the volume of the working space 22 increases, the pressure in the working space 22 decreases, and the piston 21 reaches the maximum volume position Pmax. The second valve 6 is opened near the second predetermined position. Gas is sucked into the working space 22 from the low pressure side external space 41 through the second valve 6 , and closes the second valve 6 near the maximum volume position Pmax of the piston 21 . By repeating these operations, the compressor/expander 1 can be operated as a compressor.

When the compressor/expander 1 is used as a compressor, gas always flows from the low pressure side to the high pressure side. That is, gas during operation of the compressor flows from the low pressure side outer space 41 to the high pressure side outer space 32 via the working space 22 . Further, at the first predetermined position described above, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the high pressure side external space 3 substantially match. Furthermore, at the above-described second predetermined position, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the low pressure side external space 4 substantially match.

Further, when the compressor/expander 1 is used as a compressor, for example, a tank (not shown) is arranged at the tip (downstream end) of the high pressure side pipe 30, and the compressed gas is stored in the tank. be.

[Operation of Compressor and Expander (Expander Operation)]
Among the operations of the compressor/expander 1, the expander operation (power generating operation) will be described below.

The piston 21 in the working space 2 is near the maximum volume position Pmax, and the second valve 6 is opened from the state in which the first valve 5 and the second valve 6 are closed. The piston 21 is moved from the maximum volume position Pmax side toward the minimum volume position Pmin side. The movement of the piston 21 reduces the volume of the working space 22 , and the gas in the working space 22 is discharged to the low pressure side external space 41 through the second valve 6 . At the third predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin, the second valve 6 is closed, and the volume of the working space 22 decreases and the pressure increases until the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin. The first valve 5 is opened near the minimum volume position Pmin of the piston 21 . Gas flows from the high-pressure side external space 32 into the working space 22 through the first valve 5, the pressure of the gas from the high-pressure side external space 32 pushes the piston 21, and the piston 21 moves from the minimum volume position Pmin side to the maximum volume position Pmax. moved to the side. Then, the first valve 5 is closed at the fourth predetermined position before reaching the maximum volume position Pmax. Furthermore, the volume of the working space 22 increases and the pressure decreases until the piston 21 reaches near the maximum volume position Pmax. By repeating these operations, it is possible to operate the compressor/expander 1 as an expander that generates power.

When the compressor/expander 1 is used as an expander, gas always flows from the high pressure side to the low pressure side. That is, the gas during operation of the expander flows from the high pressure side outer space 32 to the low pressure side outer space 41 via the working space 22 . Further, at the aforementioned third predetermined position, the pressure in the working space portion 2 and the pressure in the high-pressure side external space portion 3 substantially match. Furthermore, at the aforementioned fourth predetermined position, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the low pressure side external space 4 substantially match. Opening and closing of the valve near the minimum volume position Pmin and near the maximum volume position Pmax may be appropriately shifted in consideration of operating conditions such as the inertial force of the valve body and gas.

[Example of Compressor and Expander]
An embodiment of the compressor/expander 1 is shown in FIGS.

In the compressor/expander 1A shown in FIG. 2, an electric motor 91 such as an AC motor is provided as a prime mover driven by the compressor/expander 1A which is driven as a compressor or operated as an expander. I am using The electric motor 91 is connected to the crankshaft 12 of the compressor/expander 1A via a drive shaft 92, for example. A converter 93 such as a bidirectional AC/DC converter is connected to the electric motor 91 . When the compressor/expander 1A is used as an expander, the generated power causes the electric motor 91 to act as a generator, and power can be extracted through the converter 93 .

In the compressor/expander 1B shown in FIG. 3, the compressor/expander 1B is driven as a compressor, or an external combustion engine such as a Stirling engine is used as a prime mover driven by the compressor/expander 1B operated as an expander. 94 is used. The external combustion engine 94 is connected to the crankshaft 12 of the compressor/expander 1B via a drive shaft 92, for example. When the compressor/expander 1A is used as an expander, the generated power drives the external combustion engine 94 as a heat pump in a reverse cycle to obtain heat or cold.

In the compressor/expander 1C shown in FIG. 4, working spaces 2 (cylinders 20) are connected in multiple stages (three stages in the illustrated example). Adjacent working space portions 2 (crankshafts 12) are connected via a connecting shaft 95, for example.

In the compressor/expander 1C shown in FIG. 4, the compressor/expander 1C is driven as a compressor or the compressor/expander 1C driven by the compressor/expander 1C is driven by an electric motor such as an AC motor. 91 is used. This electric motor 91 is connected to the crankshaft 12 of the compressor/expander 1C via a drive shaft 92, for example. Furthermore, a converter 93 such as a bidirectional AC/DC converter is connected to the electric motor 91 .

In the compressor/expander 1D shown in FIG. 5 as well, the working spaces 2 (cylinders 20) are connected in multiple stages (three stages in the illustrated example). Adjacent working space portions 2 (crankshafts 12) are connected via a connecting shaft 95, for example.

In the compressor/expander 1D shown in FIG. 5, both an electric motor 91 such as an AC motor and an external combustion engine 94 such as a Stirling engine are used as the prime mover. The electric motor 91 and the external combustion engine 94 are connected to the crankshaft 12 of the compressor/expander 1D via a drive shaft 92, for example. Furthermore, a converter 93 such as a bidirectional AC/DC converter is connected to the electric motor 91 .

[Effects, etc.]
The effects of this embodiment will be described below.

(1) The compressor/expander 1 includes a working space portion 2 whose volume changes, a high-pressure side external space portion 3 connected to the working space portion 2, and a low-pressure side external space connected to the working space portion 2. a part 4; The compressor/expander 1 is arranged between a first valve 5 arranged between the working space 2 and the high pressure side external space 3 and between the working space 2 and the low pressure side external space 4. and a first valve operating mechanism 7 for opening and closing the first valve 5 . The first valve 5 includes a first valve seat 50, a first valve body 51 that is pressed against the first valve seat 50 from the side of the high pressure side external space 3 to close the first valve seat 50, and the first valve It is a normally open valve having a first biasing portion (not shown) that biases the body 51 from the working space portion 2 side toward the high pressure side external space portion 3 side. The first valve actuation mechanism 7 closes the first valve 5 by pushing the first valve body 51 from the high pressure side external space 3 side toward the working space portion 2 side.

The gas in the working space 22 is compressed by applying a force to the first valve body 51 to reduce the volume of the working space 22 while the first valve 5 is closed, and the working space 22 becomes approximately the high pressure side external space 32. At the same pressure position, the force applied to the first valve body 51 is released to open the first valve 5, and the gas is discharged to the high-pressure side external space 32, whereby the compressor/expander 1 is compressed. function as a machine. In addition, the gas in the high-pressure side external space 32 is sucked into the working space 22 by increasing the volume of the working space 22 in a state where the forcing force on the first valve body 51 is released and the first valve 5 is opened, and After inhaling a volume of gas, a force is applied to the first valve body 51 to close the first valve 5 and expand the gas in the working space 22, whereby the compressor/expander 1 functions as an expander. Fulfill.

In the compressor/expander 1 according to the present embodiment, a normally open valve is used as the first valve 5, and the first valve body 51 is moved from the high pressure side external space 3 side to the working space 2 side. By closing the first valve 5 by pushing it forward, the first valve operating mechanism 7 can be arranged on the side of the first valve body 51 (that is, the side of the high pressure side external space 32). Since the first valve body 51 can be arranged facing the working space 22, the clearance volume can be minimized, and a decrease in volumetric efficiency can be suppressed.

(2) The compressor/expander 1 includes a working space 2 whose volume changes, a high pressure side external space 3 connected to the working space 2, and a low pressure side external space connecting to the working space 2. a part 4; The compressor/expander 1 is arranged between a first valve 5 arranged between the working space 2 and the high pressure side external space 3 and between the working space 2 and the low pressure side external space 4. and a first valve operating mechanism 7 for opening and closing the first valve 5 . The first valve 5 includes a first valve seat 50, a first valve body 51 that is pressed against the first valve seat 50 from the side of the high pressure side external space 3 to close the first valve seat 50, and the first valve It is a normally closed valve having a first biasing portion (not shown) that biases the body 51 from the high pressure side external space portion 3 side toward the working space portion 2 side. The first valve operating mechanism 7 opens the first valve 5 by pulling the first valve body 51 from the working space portion 2 side to the high pressure side external space portion 3 side.

The gas in the working space 22 is compressed by reducing the volume of the working space 22 with the first valve 5 in a normally closed state, and at a position where the working space 22 has approximately the same pressure as the high pressure side external space 32, the first valve By applying a force to the body 51 to open the first valve 5, further reducing the volume of the working space 22 and discharging the gas to the high-pressure side external space 32, the compressor/expander 1 functions as a compressor. fulfill a function. In this case, the first valve 5 can also be opened by differential pressure and fluid force without using the forcing force. In addition, the gas in the high pressure side external space 32 is sucked into the working space 22 by increasing the volume of the working space 22 in a state where the first valve body 51 is forced to open the first valve 5, and the gas is drawn into the working space 22 with a constant volume. After inhaling the gas, the forcing force on the first valve body 51 is released to close the first valve 5, and the volume of the working space 22 is further increased to expand the gas in the working space 22, thereby operating the compressor and The expander 1 functions as an expander.

In the compressor/expander 1 according to the present embodiment, a normally closed valve is used as the first valve 5, and the first valve body 51 is moved from the high pressure side external space 3 side to the working space 2 side. By opening the first valve 5 by the pulling action, the first valve operating mechanism 7 can be arranged on the side of the first valve body 51 (that is, the side of the high pressure side external space 32). Since the first valve body 51 can be arranged facing the working space 22, the clearance volume can be minimized, and a decrease in volumetric efficiency can be suppressed.

(3) The compressor/expander 1 further includes a second valve actuation mechanism 8 that opens and closes the second valve 6 . The second valve 6 includes a second valve seat 60, a second valve body 61 that is pressed against the second valve seat 60 from the working space 2 side to close the second valve seat 60, and the second valve body 61. It is a normally open valve having a second biasing portion (not shown) that biases from the low pressure side external space portion 4 side toward the working space portion 2 side. The second valve actuation mechanism 8 closes the second valve 6 by pulling the second valve body 61 from the actuation space portion 2 side to the low pressure side external space portion 4 side.

In the compressor/expander 1 according to the present embodiment, a normally open valve is used as the second valve 6, and the second valve body 61 is moved from the working space 2 side to the low pressure side external space 4 side. By closing the second valve 6 by pulling it in, the second valve operating mechanism 8 can be arranged on the side of the second valve seat 60 (that is, the side of the low pressure side external space 41). Since the second valve body 61 can be arranged on the working space 22 side, the clearance volume can be minimized, and a decrease in volumetric efficiency can be suppressed.

(4) The compressor/expander 1 further includes a second valve actuation mechanism 8 that opens and closes the second valve 6 . The second valve 6 includes a second valve seat 60, a second valve body 61 that is pressed against the second valve seat 60 from the working space 2 side to close the second valve seat 60, and the second valve body 61. is a normally closed valve having a second biasing portion (not shown) that biases from the working space portion 2 side toward the low pressure side external space portion 4 side. The second valve operating mechanism 8 opens the second valve 6 by pushing the second valve body 61 from the low pressure side external space 4 side toward the working space 2 side.

In the compressor/expander 1 according to the present embodiment, a normally closed valve is used as the second valve 6, and the second valve body moves from the low pressure side external space 4 side to the working space 2 side. By opening the second valve 6 by pushing 61, the second valve operating mechanism 8 can be arranged on the side of the second valve body 61 (that is, the side of the low pressure side external space 41). Since the second valve body 61 can be arranged on the working space 22 side, the clearance volume can be minimized, and a decrease in volumetric efficiency can be suppressed.

(5) With the piston 21 in the working space 2 near the maximum volume position Pmax and the first valve 5 and the second valve 6 closed, the piston 21 moves from the maximum volume position Pmax side to the minimum volume position Pmin side. and the gas within the working space 22 is compressed. The first valve 5 is opened near the first predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin, and the first valve 5 is closed near the minimum volume position Pmin. Near the second predetermined position before the piston 21 moves from the minimum volume position Pmin side toward the maximum volume position Pmax side and reaches the maximum volume position Pmax, the second valve 6 is opened, and near the maximum volume position Pmax, the second valve 6 is opened. Two valves 6 are closed. By repeating these operations, the compressor/expander 1 is operated as a compressor.

(6) At the first predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the high pressure side external space 3 substantially match.

Thereby, the operating force of the first valve body 51 at the first predetermined position can be reduced.

(7) At the second predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the maximum volume position Pmax, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the low pressure side external space 4 substantially match.

Thereby, the operating force of the second valve body 61 at the second predetermined position can be reduced.

(8) The piston 21 in the working space 2 is near the maximum volume position Pmax, the first valve 5 and the second valve 6 are closed, the second valve 6 is opened, and the piston 21 moves from the maximum volume position Pmax side. It is moved toward the minimum volume position Pmin side. The second valve 6 is closed at the third predetermined position before the piston 21 reaches the minimum volume position Pmin, and the first valve 5 is opened near the minimum volume position Pmin. At the fourth predetermined position before the piston 21 moves from the minimum volume position Pmin side toward the maximum volume position Pmax side and reaches the maximum volume position Pmax, the first valve 5 is closed and the piston 21 moves to the vicinity of the maximum volume position Pmax. The gas in the working space 22 is expanded until . By repeating these operations, the compressor/expander 1 is operated as an expander.

(9) When the piston 21 moves from the third predetermined position and reaches the minimum volume position Pmin, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the high pressure side external space 3 substantially match.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the operating force of the first valve body 51 in the vicinity of reaching the minimum volume position Pmin.

(10) When the piston 21 moves from the fourth predetermined position and reaches the maximum volume position Pmax, the pressure in the working space 2 and the pressure in the low pressure side external space 4 substantially match.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the operating force of the second valve body 61 in the vicinity of reaching the maximum volume position Pmax.

(11) The working spaces 2 are arranged in multiple stages.

(12) A heat exchanger 31 is provided in the high pressure side external space 3 .

(13) A motor that drives the working space 2 or is driven by the working space 2 is connected to the working space 2 , and the motor includes the electric motor 91 .

(14) The working space 2 is connected to a prime mover that drives the working space 2 or is driven by the working space 2 , and the prime mover includes an external combustion engine 94 .

By the way, although the compressor/expander of the present invention has been described by taking the above embodiment as an example, it is not limited to this embodiment, and various other embodiments can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention. can.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C Compressor/expander (displacement compressor/displacement expander)
2 working space part 3 high pressure side external space part 4 low pressure side external space part 5 first valve 6 second valve 7 first valve actuation mechanism 8 second valve actuation mechanism 9 controller
11 connecting rod 12 crankshaft 20 cylinder 20a high pressure side port 20b low pressure side port 21 piston (reciprocating member)
22 working space 25 piston ring 30 high pressure side pipe 31 heat exchanger 32 high pressure side outer space 40 low pressure side pipe 41 low pressure side outer space 50 first valve seat 51 first valve body 60 second valve seat 61 second valve body 70 First actuator 71 First stem 72 First yoke 80 Second actuator 81 Second stem 82 Second yoke 91 Electric motor 92 Drive shaft 93 Converter 94 External combustion engine 95 Connection shaft Pmax Maximum volume position Pmin Minimum volume position

Claims (12)

a working space portion whose volume changes;
a high pressure side external space connected to the working space;
a low pressure side external space connected to the working space;
a first valve disposed between the working space and the high pressure side external space;
a second valve disposed between the working space and the low pressure side external space;
a first valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the first valve;
a second valve actuation mechanism that opens and closes the second valve ,
The first valve includes a first valve seat, a first valve body that is pressed against the first valve seat from the high-pressure side external space side to close the first valve seat, and the first valve body. and a first biasing portion that biases from the working space side toward the high pressure side external space side,
The first valve actuation mechanism closes the first valve by an operation of pushing the first valve body from the high pressure side external space side to the working space side,
The second valve includes a second valve seat, a second valve body that is pressed against the second valve seat from the working space side to close the second valve seat, and the second valve body as described above. A normally closed valve having a second biasing portion that biases from the working space side toward the low pressure side external space side,
The second valve actuation mechanism opens the second valve by pushing the second valve body from the low pressure side external space side toward the working space side,
Compressor and expander. a working space portion whose volume changes;
a high pressure side external space connected to the working space;
a low pressure side external space connected to the working space;
a first valve disposed between the working space and the high pressure side external space;
a second valve disposed between the working space and the low pressure side external space;
a first valve actuation mechanism for opening and closing the first valve;
a second valve actuation mechanism that opens and closes the second valve ,
The first valve includes a first valve seat, a first valve body that is pressed against the first valve seat from the high-pressure side external space side to close the first valve seat, and the first valve body. and a first biasing portion that biases from the high-pressure side external space side toward the working space side,
The first valve actuation mechanism opens the first valve by pulling the first valve body from the working space side to the high pressure side external space side,
The second valve includes a second valve seat, a second valve body that is pressed against the second valve seat from the working space side to close the second valve seat, and the second valve body as described above. A normally open valve having a second biasing portion that biases from the low pressure side external space side toward the working space side,
The second valve actuation mechanism closes the second valve by pulling the second valve body from the working space side to the low pressure side external space side,
Compressor and expander. In a state in which the reciprocating member of the working space portion is at the maximum volume position or before and after the maximum volume position , and the first valve and the second valve are closed, the reciprocating member moves from the maximum volume position side to the minimum volume position. is moved toward the volume position side,
at a first predetermined position before the reciprocating member reaches the minimum volume position, the first valve is opened;
the first valve is closed at the minimum volume position of the reciprocating member or before and after the minimum volume position ;
The second valve is opened at a second predetermined position before the reciprocating member moves from the minimum volume position side toward the maximum volume position side and reaches the maximum volume position,
the second valve is closed at or before and after the maximum volume position of the reciprocating member;
3. The compressor/expander according to claim 1 or 2 , which operates as a compressor by repeating these operations. At the first predetermined position before the reciprocating member reaches the minimum volume position or at a position before reaching the first predetermined position , the pressure in the working space and the pressure in the high pressure side external space match. do,
The compressor and expander according to claim 3 . At the second predetermined position before the reciprocating member reaches the maximum volume position or at a position before reaching the second predetermined position , the pressure in the working space matches the pressure in the low pressure side external space. do,
The compressor/expander according to claim 3 or 4 . When the reciprocating member of the working space portion is at the maximum volume position or before and after the maximum volume position , and the first valve and the second valve are closed to the second valve is opened, the reciprocating motion is performed. the moving member is moved from the maximum volume position side toward the minimum volume position side;
at a third predetermined position before the reciprocating member reaches the minimum volume position, the second valve is closed;
The first valve is opened at the minimum volume position of the reciprocating member or before and after the minimum volume position ,
At a fourth predetermined position before the reciprocating member moves from the minimum volume position side toward the maximum volume position side and reaches the maximum volume position, the first valve is closed;
The compressor/expander according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , which operates as an expander by repeating these operations. at a position before the reciprocating member reaches the minimum volume position from the third predetermined position, the pressure in the working space and the pressure in the high pressure side external space match ;
Compressor and expander according to claim 6 . at a position before the reciprocating member reaches the maximum volume position from the fourth predetermined position, the pressure in the working space and the pressure in the low pressure side external space match ;
The compressor/expander according to claim 6 or 7 . The working spaces are arranged in a row in multiple stages,
The compressor/expander according to any one of claims 1 to 8 . A heat exchanger is disposed in the high pressure side external space,
The compressor/expander according to any one of claims 1 to 9 . A prime mover that drives the working space or is driven by the working space is connected to the working space, and the prime mover includes an electric motor.
Compressor and expander according to any one of claims 1 to 10 . A prime mover that drives the working space or is driven by the working space is connected to the working space, and the prime mover includes an external combustion engine.
Compressor and expander according to any one of claims 1 to 11 .

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