JP6947477B2 - How to advance the open shield machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for advancing an open shield machine in an open shield method for constructing underground structures such as water and sewage systems and underground passages in an urban area.

As is well known, the open shield method is a highly rational method that takes advantage of the open-cut method (open method) and the shield method. In this open shield method, the shield machine is placed at the rear end of the front machine and the rear machine. There are some that have the front end fitted so that they can be bent at each other's fitting parts to enable curve construction and to correct the direction.

To explain an example thereof, as shown in FIG. 18, the open shield machine 1 basically includes left and right side wall plates 1a and 1b and a bottom plate 1c that connects the left and right side wall plates 1a and 1b with the same length as the side wall plates 1a and 1b. It is a shield machine with an opening on the front, back and top surfaces.

As shown in FIG. 19, the open shield machine 1 divides the airframe into a plurality of parts in the front-rear direction, and the front end of the rear airframe as the tail part 3 is fitted into the rear end of the front airframe as the front part 2 to each other. It is possible to bend at the fitting part of.

The front portion 2 is mainly used for excavation, and the front end and the upper surface are open surfaces, and the middle fold jacks 4 are arranged in a plurality of upper and lower stages in the machine body with the middle fold jacks 4 facing rearward toward the rear.

On the other hand, the tail portion 3 is for installing the concrete box 8, and the shield jacks 5 are placed on the left and right sides toward the front portion in the aircraft body, and the jack portions 17 are arranged in a plurality of upper and lower stages. , A box hanging portion 18 that secures a space behind the box is formed.

In the figure, 6 is a movable split blade provided at the front end of the front portion 2, 7 is a side retaining plate provided at the rear end of the tail portion 3, 9 is a strut, and 10 is a press bar (push angle).

As shown in FIGS. 20 to 23, the open shield method using such an open shield machine 1 is carried out between the starting pit and the reaching pit. The open shield machine is assembled in the start pit 11, the ground in front of the start pit 11 is excavated by a shovel type excavator 12 installed on the ground, and the shield jack 5 of the open shield machine 1 is extended to extend the start pit 11. The open shield machine 1 is advanced by taking a reaction force against the inner reaction force wall, and the first concrete box 8 forming the underground structure is suspended from above in the tail portion 3 of the open shield machine 1. It is set behind the contracted shield jack 5 together with the strut 9 and the press bar 10.

Further, the starting pit 11 is composed of a retaining wall such as a sheet pile, and a part of the retaining wall is mirror-cut to start the open shield machine 1, but if necessary, a chemical solution is injected to the front part of the starting pit 11. The ground may be improved.

Next, similarly, the excavator 12 excavates the earth and sand from the front surface or the upper surface of the front portion 2, and the soil is discharged to advance the open shield machine 1, and the second concrete box 8 is placed in front of the first concrete box 8. The concrete box 8 is hung in the tail portion 3.

Hereinafter, the same excavation and setting process of the concrete box 8 are repeated, and the concrete boxes 8 are sequentially buried in the ground in a column, and backfilled with a dump 14 on the concrete box 8 at the rear, and an open shield machine. When 1 reaches the reaching pit 13, it is disassembled and removed to complete the construction. In the figure, 15 is a grout machine.

By the way, the excavation of the open shield machine 1 is performed not only by extending the shield jack 5, but also by fixing the shield jack 5 and advancing the front portion 2 with respect to the tail portion 3 by extending the middle folding jack 4, and the shield is shielded. Push forward in two stages, the jack 5 and the middle fold jack 4.

At that time, if either the left or right side of the middle-fold jack 4 is extended a lot, the front portion 2 turns to the opposite side and bends in that direction. Further, if either the upper or lower part is extended a lot, the front portion 2 turns to the opposite side and bends upward or downward. Curve construction or direction correction in this way is possible.

As described above, since the conventional open shield method and the open shield machine require a reaction force wall for taking a reaction force for starting, it is necessary to form a start tunnel provided with the reaction force wall.

Moreover, the concrete box 8 left in the ground moves forward by taking a reaction force, and the concrete box 8 becomes a reaction force for the forward movement of the open shield machine 1 and receives the thrust of the jack, so that cracks occur. Easy to enter and strength is required. This crack is likely to occur when an unbalanced external force is applied to the concrete box 8 because the extension degree of the propulsion jack is different on the left and right when performing curved construction. As a result, the amount of reinforcing bars is increased and the surface is covered with a steel plate, which is expensive.

Further, due to the shape of the concrete box 8 to be laid, the construction becomes impossible when the open shield machine 1 cannot be propelled by using the concrete box 8 as a reaction force.

An object of the present invention is to solve the inconvenience of the above-mentioned conventional example, and to advance the open shield machine without taking a reaction force on the concrete box or the rear, so that a starting pit provided with a reaction force wall becomes unnecessary, and the concrete box is also provided. To provide a method for advancing an open shield machine that is less likely to hurt the body, does not depend on the shape of the concrete box to be laid, and can be constructed even if it is covered with high soil and contains groundwater. It is in.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a step of excavating and discharging earth and sand in front of the front or upper surface opening of the open shield machine, a step of advancing the shield machine, and a tail of the shield machine. In the open shield method in which a new concrete box is hung from above and set in the part by repeating the process of burying the concrete box in columns in sequence, the concrete box has a holding member placed on the end face of the front row. This concrete box holding member is joined to the side plate and bottom plate of the open shield machine, and also serves as a formwork for the filling material to be filled in the side bottom of the concrete box, and the open shield machine is towed by the towing member from the front. The gist is to move forward.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the open shield machine is towed by a towing member from the front to move forward, a starting pit provided with a reaction force wall becomes unnecessary, and the open shield machine is constructed with a starting pit shorter than the reaction force wall. Because it is possible, workability is good and it is economical. In addition, since no reaction force is applied to the concrete box, there is little risk of damaging the concrete box.

In this way, if the shield machine cannot be propelled by using the concrete box as a reaction force due to the shape of the concrete box to be laid, the backfill injection type, no backfill injection type, and propulsion type cannot be installed. What is possible can be resolved.

In the open shield method, if the open shield machine is a self-propelled type, it can be constructed even in the above cases, but in this self-propelled type, plans including groundwater and narrow places where structures are close to each other are possible. It is not applicable in the above, and according to the present invention, it is possible.

Also, when a new concrete box is hung from above and set in the tail of the open shield machine and then the open shield machine is advanced by towing, it is necessary to leave the concrete box and advance only the open shield machine. , There is a risk that the concrete box will move forward due to being dragged by the open shield machine.

According to the present invention, by bundling the concrete box in the front row and at least one or two behind, it is possible to prevent the suspended concrete box from moving together with the rear concrete box. can.

Furthermore, the concrete box holding member is joined to the side plate and bottom plate of the open shield machine, and also serves as a formwork for the filling material to be filled in the side bottom of the concrete box. When filling foundation crushed stone and backfilled earth and sand, it acts as a formwork for the filler, so that the filler can be prevented from flowing out to the front of the tail portion.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 2 is that the towing member is fixed to a reaction force wall provided in the reaching pit.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the open shield machine can be towed by a towing member and advanced from the reaching pit.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 3 is that the towing member is fixed to an existing underground structure to be repaired.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the case of repairing an existing waterway or the like, even if there is no reachable pit, the open shield machine is towed by a towing member from the existing underground structure to be repaired to move forward. Can be done.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 4 is that the towing member is a stranded PC wire, one end of which is inserted into a towing jack and fixed by a wedge fixing tool, and the other end of which is fixed by a wedge fixing tool. It is a thing.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by using a PC stranded wire for the towing member, towing can be effectively performed by the combination of the towing jack and the fixing tool, and the combination of the towing jack and the fixing tool can be used. By arranging one of them at the front end of the towing member and the other at the rear end, towing is possible even if both are exchanged.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 5 is that the towing jack is set in an open shield machine.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the towing jack can be set in an open shield machine and towed.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 6 is that the towing jack is set at the end of the towing member by a reaction force wall or an existing underground structure provided in the reaching pit in front of the open shield machine.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the towing jack can be set at the end of the towing member by a reaction force wall or an existing underground structure provided in the reaching pit in front of the open shield machine and towed.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 7 is that at least four or more towing jacks are arranged in the cross-sectional direction of the open shield machine, left, right, top and bottom, and the shield machine is propelled.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, further, by providing the towing jacks at four or more positions in the vertical and horizontal directions in the cross-sectional direction, it is possible to carry out the construction while maintaining the directional accuracy of the shield machine propulsion.

As described above, in the method of advancing the open shield machine of the present invention, since the open shield machine can advance the open shield machine without taking a reaction force behind the concrete box or the rear, a starting pit provided with a reaction force wall is used. It is no longer necessary, there is less risk of damaging the concrete box, and construction is possible regardless of the shape of the concrete box to be laid, and even if it is covered with high soil and contains groundwater. ..

It is a side view which shows one Embodiment of the advancing method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the advancing method of the open shield machine of this invention. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line BB of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line CC of FIG. It is a top view which shows the 1st process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the 1st process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows the 2nd process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the 2nd process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows the 3rd process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the 3rd process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows the 4th process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the 4th process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows the 5th process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the 4th process of the open shield method using the advance method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a side view which shows the other embodiment of the advancing method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a top view which shows the other embodiment of the advancing method of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a vertical sectional front view which shows the outline of an open shield machine. It is a vertical sectional side view which shows the outline of an open shield machine. It is a side view which shows the 1st process of the open shield method. It is a side view which shows the 2nd process of the open shield method. It is a side view which shows the 3rd process of the open shield method. It is a side view which shows the 4th process of the open shield method.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with respect to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing one embodiment of the method of advancing the open shield machine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same as above, and the same components as those of FIGS. 16 and 17 showing the conventional example are designated by the same reference numerals. It is a thing.

As shown in FIG. 18, the open shield machine 1 of the present invention also has basically the left and right side wall plates 1a and 1b and the bottom plate 1c connecting the left and right side wall plates 1a and 1b with the same length as the side wall plates 1a and 1b. It is a shield machine with an opening on the front, back and top surfaces.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the open shield machine 1 divides the machine body into a plurality of parts in the front-rear direction, and the front end of the rear body as the tail part 3 is fitted into the rear end of the front body as the front part 2. Therefore, it is possible to bend at the mutual fitting part.

The front portion 2 is mainly used for excavation, and the front end and the upper surface are open surfaces, and the middle fold jacks 4 are arranged in a plurality of upper and lower stages in the machine body with the middle fold jacks 4 facing rearward toward the rear.

On the other hand, the tail portion 3 installs the concrete box body 8 and constitutes the box body hanging portion 18. The open shield machine 1 is not provided with a shield jack.

In the figure, 6 is a movable split blade edge provided at the front end of the front portion 2.

In the open shield machine 1, instead of the shield jack, the center hole type towing jack 19 is arranged on the tail portion 3 in two stages, one above the other and the other on the left and right.

At least four tow jacks 19 are arranged in the cross-sectional direction of the open shield machine, left, right, top and bottom, and the shield machine is propelled.

By providing the towing jacks 19 at four or more positions in the vertical and horizontal directions in the cross-sectional direction in this way, it is possible to carry out the construction while maintaining the directional accuracy of the open shield machine 1.

In providing the towing jack 19, the tail portion 3 is provided with a reaction force wall 20 as a reaction force reinforcing member so as to project from the left and right, and the towing jack 19 is attached to the reaction force wall 20. 21 in the figure is a corner shelf for reinforcement of the reaction force wall 20.

In the figure, 22 is a towing member with a stranded PC, one end of which is inserted into a towing jack 19 and fixed by a wedge fixing tool 23.

The towing member 22 by the PC stranded wire passes through the sheath pipe 24 by the arranged PVC pipe, is guided to the reaching pit 13, and is fixed by a wedge on the reaction force wall by the earth retaining material 25 provided in the reaching pit 13. It is fixed.

Although not shown, as another embodiment, the towing jack 19 provided on the towing member 22 by the PC stranded wire, the fixing tool 23 by the wedge, and the fixing tool 26 by the wedge are replaced with each other to be an open shield machine. A wedge fixing tool 26 may be provided on one side, and a towing jack 19 and a wedge fixing tool 23 may be provided on the reaching pit 13 side.

In the figure, 27 is a bundling device for bundling the concrete box body in the front row and at least one or two rear members, and the pressing member (press bar) 28 installed on the end face of the front row of the concrete box body 8. It is composed of a cord 29 made of a PC stranded wire or a PC steel rod, and a fixing bracket 30 provided on the concrete box 8.

The pressing member (press bar) 28 is configured as a frame body, and the end portion thereof is joined to the side plate and the bottom plate at the inner circumference of the open shield machine 1 and is joined to the side plate and the bottom plate of the open shield machine 1, and the concrete box 8 The mold of the filling material to be filled in the side bottom of the concrete is also used.

One end of the cord 29 is fixed to the pressing member (press bar) 28 with a wedge 31, and the other end is fixed to the fixing bracket 30 with a wedge 31. The fixing bracket 30 is attached to the concrete box 8 with a bracket fixing bolt by an insert.

Next, an open shield method using the method of advancing the open shield machine of the present invention of the present invention will be described.

6 and 7 show the first step, FIGS. 8 and 9 show the second step, FIGS. 10 and 11 show the third step, FIGS. 12 and 13 show the fourth step, and FIGS. 14 and 15 show the second step. The fifth step is shown, and it is constructed between the starting pit 11 and the reaching pit 13.

Prior to the construction, a reaction force wall is formed by the earth retaining material 25 provided in the reaching pit 13, and a sheath pipe 24 made of a vinyl chloride pipe is dug from the starting pit 11 to the reaching pit 13, and the sheath pipe 24 is used as the starting pit. Arrange from 11 until reaching the reaching pit 13. In the figure, 32 is a small-diameter leading edge for digging the sheath pipe 24, and 33 is a main pushing facility using a jack. 34 indicates a bearing wall.

Then, one end of the towing member 22 by the PC stranded wire is fixed to the earth retaining material 25 of the reaching pit 13 with the fixing tool 26, and the towing member 22 is guided to the starting pit 11 through the sheath pipe 24.

When the arrangement of the lower stage sheath pipe 24 is completed, the upper stage sheath pipe 24 is arranged, but when the overburden is shallow, the overburden is shallow as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. In some cases, it may be installed by excavation with a backhoe 35.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the open shield machine is assembled in the start pit 11, the ground in front of the start pit 11 is excavated by a shovel type excavator installed on the ground, and the open shield machine 1 is towed by a jack 19 To move forward with.

Further, the starting pit 11 is composed of a retaining wall such as a sheet pile, and a part of the retaining wall is mirror-cut to start the open shield machine 1, but if necessary, a chemical solution is injected to the front part of the starting pit 11. The ground may be improved.

The advancement of the open shield machine 1 by the towing jack 19 is to extend the towing jack 19 and push out the open shield machine 1 while keeping the towing member 22 fixed to the towing jack 19 by the fixing tool 23 by the wedge. As a result, the open shield machine 1 is towed forward by the towing member 22.

Further, the sheath tube 24 is removed by cutting or the like as much as the open shield machine 1 is advanced.

After extrusion, the towing jack 19 is reduced, and the fixing tool 23 is replaced to prepare for extrusion and towing again.

When the open shield machine 1 is towed by the towing member 22 and advanced, the first concrete box 8 forming the underground structure is suspended from above and contracted in the tail portion 3 of the open shield machine 1. Set behind the towing jack 19.

Next, similarly, the excavator 12 excavates the earth and sand from the front surface or the upper surface of the front portion 2, and the soil is discharged to advance the open shield machine 1, and the second concrete box 8 is placed in front of the first concrete box 8. The concrete box 8 is hung in the tail portion 3.

Hereinafter, the same excavation and setting process of the concrete box 8 are repeated, and the concrete box 8 is sequentially buried in the ground in a column.

The concrete box 8 may move forward until it comes out of the open shield machine 1 as the open shield machine 1 advances, but the bundling device 27 bundles the ones in the front row and at least one or two rear ones. As a result, the concrete box 8 inside the open shield machine 1 is restrained by the concrete box 8 at the rear outside the open shield machine 1 and can be prevented from moving forward.

In the set of the bundling device 27, the pressing member (press bar) 28 is arranged in front of the suspended concrete box 8, and the cord 29 from the pressing member (press bar) 28 is fixed to the rear concrete box 8. This is done by locking the bracket 30.

This bundling device 27 also moves forward as the concrete box 8 increases by replacing the fixing bracket 30.

When the pressing member (press bar) 28 is joined to the side plate and bottom plate of the open shield machine 1 and also serves as a formwork for a filling material to be filled in the side bottom of the concrete box, the side bottom of the concrete box 8 is used. When filling the concrete box side bottom filling grout material 38, foundation crushed stone, and backfilling earth and sand, it acts as a formwork for the filling material, so that the filling material can be prevented from flowing out to the front of the tail portion.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, when the open shield machine 1 reaches the reaching pit 13, it is disassembled and removed to complete the construction.

By the way, the excavation of the open shield machine 1 is performed not only by extending the shield jack 5, but also by fixing the shield jack 5 and advancing the front portion 2 with respect to the tail portion 3 by extending the middle folding jack 4, and the shield is shielded. Push forward in two stages, the jack 5 and the middle fold jack 4.

At that time, if either the left or right side of the middle-fold jack 4 is extended a lot, the front portion 2 turns to the opposite side and bends in that direction. Further, if either the upper or lower part is extended a lot, the front portion 2 turns to the opposite side and bends upward or downward. Curve construction or direction correction in this way is possible.

As the other embodiment, the towing jack 19 provided on the towing member 22 by the PC stranded wire, the fixing tool 23 by the wedge, and the fixing tool 26 by the wedge are the same even when these are replaced, and the open shield machine 1 is towed. There is no difference in the procedure for advancing with the jack 19.

16 and 17 show another embodiment, in which there is an existing underground structure 36 such as an existing waterway, and repair work is carried out to replace the existing underground structure 36 with a new waterway using a concrete box 8.

In this case, the bracket 37 is attached to the existing underground structure 36 without providing the reaching pit 13, and the fixing tool 26 by the wedge is installed here to fix the towing member 22 by the PC stranded wire.

Alternatively, a towing jack 19 and a wedge fixing tool 23 are installed on the bracket 37 to fix the towing member 22 by a PC stranded wire.

In this way, the open shield machine 1 can be towed by the towing member 22 and advanced from the existing underground structure 36.

As the open shield machine 1 advances, the existing underground structure 36 is sequentially dismantled and removed, but the bracket 37 is replaced forward as necessary.

1 ... Open shield machine 1a, 1b ... Side wall plate 1c ... Bottom plate 2 ... Front part 3 ... Tail part 4 ... Middle fold jack 5 ... Shield jack 6 ... Movable split cutting edge 7 ... Side retaining plate 8 ... Concrete box 9 ... Strut 10 ... Press bar 11 ... Starting pit 12 ... Excavator 13 ... Reaching pit 14 ... Dump 15 ... Grout machine 17 ... Jack part 18 ... Box hanging part 19 ... Towing jack 20 ... Reaction wall 21 ... Reinforcing corner Shelf 22 ... Towing member 23 ... Fixing tool 24 ... Sheath pipe 25 ... Earth retaining material 26 ... Fixing tool 27 ... Bundle device 28 ... Holding member (press bar)
29 ... Cable 30 ... Fixing bracket 31 ... Holding member Fixing tool 32 ... Small diameter leading edge 33 ... Main pushing equipment 34 ... Supporting wall 35 ... Backhoe 36 ... Existing underground structure 37 ... Bracket 38 ... Concrete box side Bottom filling grout material

Claims (7)

The process of excavating and discharging the earth and sand in front of the front or top opening of the open shield machine, the process of advancing the shield machine, and the process of suspending and setting a new concrete box in the tail of the shield machine from above. In the open shield method in which concrete boxes are sequentially buried in columns by repeating the above steps as appropriate , a holding member is placed on the end face of the front row of the concrete box, and the holding member of the concrete box is joined to the side plate and bottom plate of the open shield machine. The open shield machine is a forward method of the open shield machine, which is characterized in that the formwork of the filling material to be filled in the side bottom of the concrete box is also used, and the open shield machine is towed by a towing member from the front to move forward. The method for advancing an open shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the towing member is fixed to a reaction force wall provided in the reaching pit. The method for advancing an open shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the towing member is fixed to an existing underground structure to be repaired. The open according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the towing member is a stranded PC wire, one end of which is inserted into a towing jack and fixed by a wedge fixing tool, and the other end of which is fixed by a wedge fixing tool. How to move the shield machine forward. The method for advancing an open shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the towing jack is set in the open shield machine. The method for advancing an open shield machine according to claim 4, wherein the towing jack is set at the end of the towing member by a reaction force wall or an existing underground structure provided in the reaching pit in front of the open shield machine. The method for advancing a shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least four or more towing jacks are arranged in the cross-sectional direction of the open shield machine, left, right, top and bottom, and the shield machine is propelled.

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