JP6875430B2 - 高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金、その使用、及びタービンエンジン構成要素を作製する方法 - Google Patents
高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金、その使用、及びタービンエンジン構成要素を作製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6875430B2 JP6875430B2 JP2019012276A JP2019012276A JP6875430B2 JP 6875430 B2 JP6875430 B2 JP 6875430B2 JP 2019012276 A JP2019012276 A JP 2019012276A JP 2019012276 A JP2019012276 A JP 2019012276A JP 6875430 B2 JP6875430 B2 JP 6875430B2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 90
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 73
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001247 waspaloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WTFUTSCZYYCBAY-SXBRIOAWSA-N 6-[(E)-C-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-N-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C/C(=N/O)/C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 WTFUTSCZYYCBAY-SXBRIOAWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000912561 Bos taurus Fibrinogen gamma-B chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000441 X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical group [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005050 thermomechanical fatigue Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Description
− 6から8%までのクロム、
− 11から12%までのコバルト、
− 1.3から1.6%までのモリブデン、
− 4.5から5%までのタングステン、
− 2.0から6.4%までのタンタル、
− 3.0から6.5%までのアルミニウム、
− 0.2から1.5%までのハフニウム、
− 2.5から3までのレニウム%、
− 0から1.0%までのゲルマニウム、
− 0から1%のケイ素、
− 0から0.2%のイットリウム、
− 0から0.015%までのホウ素、及び
− 不純物を伴う差引のNiを含み、そして
コバルト基粉末が、重量%で:
− 14から18%までのニッケル、
− 19から21%までのクロム、
− 8から10%までのタングステン、
− 3から6.5%までのアルミニウム、
− 0から1.0%までのゲルマニウム、
− 0から1%までのケイ素、
− 0から0.45%までのイットリウム、
− 0から1.5%までのハフニウム、及び
− 不純物を伴う差引のCo;
を含むステップと、予めプログラムされた溶接経路のとおりに溶接プールを徐々に移動、凝固させ、これにより、本発明の超合金と同一の化学構成を有する溶接ビーズを形成するステップと;高静水圧、アニーリング、時効処理、又はアニーリングと時効処理との組み合わせの中から選択された溶接後熱処理のステップと;要求される幾何学構造への加工、及び非破壊試験のステップと、を含む。
ASTM ― 米国試験材料協会
HPT ― 高圧タービン
LPT ― 低圧タービン
NDT ― 非破壊試験
NGV ― ノズル・ガイド・ベイン(Nozzle Gide Vane)
PWHT ― 溶接後熱処理
UTS ― 最大抗張力
SRT ― 応力破壊試験
LBW ― レーザビーム溶接
MPW ― マイクロプラズマ溶接
GTAW ― ガスタングステンアーク溶接
EBW ― 電子ビーム溶接
PAW ― プラズマアーク溶接
SX ― 単結晶材料
BM ― 基材料
3D AM ― 三次元付加製造
SEM ― 走査型電子顕微鏡
EDS ― エネルギー分散型X線分光法
IPM ― インチ毎分(約2.54cm/分)
FPI ― 蛍光浸透探傷検査
溶接性 ― 課された条件下で材料が溶接されて、特定の好適な構造になる、そしてその意図された用途に対して満足にふるまう能力。
構造的なタービンエンジン構成要素 ― 仕様条件においてエンジン完全性を保証する、様々な筐体、フレーム、ノズル・ガイド・ベイン・リング(nozzle guide vane ring)、及びその他のステータ(stator)部品。
基材料 ― エンジン構成要素及び試験試料の材料である。
エネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDS) ― 試料の元素分析又は化学特性評価に使用される分析技術である。
開発された超合金の高い強度及び延性の独自の組み合わせを実証するために、表1に示された、ルネ(R142)及びマール72(M72)、好ましい実施形態を用いた本発明の超合金(4275A、4275B、4275C、及び4275Dと印付けされた試料)、並びに好ましい実施形態から逸脱した化学組成を有する超合金(427Xと印付けされた試料)から製造された試料を、アルゴン中、トリプル・アーク・リメルトに続いて、2215〜2230oF(約1212.78〜1221.11℃)で2時間の均質化アニーリング、2035〜2050oF(約1112.78〜1121.11℃)で2時間の一次時効処理、及び1155〜1170oF(約623.89〜632.22℃)で24時間の二次時効処理により生成した。
低γ’鍛造AMS 5664インコネル718(Inconel 718)(IN718)及びAMS 5704ワスパロイ(Waspaloy)超合金は、1200oF(約648.89℃)に達する温度での高い強度、及び良好な作業性に起因して、構造的なタービンエンジン構成要素の製造に使用されてきた。しかしながら、IN718及びワスパロイを1800oF(約982.22℃)までさらに加熱すると、これらの超合金の強度及び応力破壊特性(SRT)は劇的に減少し、これは表3に示されるとおりである。
手作業でのGTAW及び自動のLBW溶接を使用して単結晶材料から製造されたタービンエンジン構成要素の修復をシミュレートするために試験試料を生成したが、これは、開発された超合金をそれぞれ溶接ワイヤ及び溶接粉末の形態で使用して、そして1700〜1800oF(約926.67〜982.22℃)への予熱を用いたGTAW、及び周囲温度でのLBWについては、標準のルネ142溶接ワイヤを使用して、行った。
ゲルマニウムは、米国特許第2901374号明細書のとおりにNi―(5〜40)重量%のCr―(15〜40)重量%のGeを含むニッケル基ロウ付け材料が1954年に発明されたにもかかわらす、Ni基超合金の製造には使用されてこなかった。ゲルマニウムは、高温での強度に影響するはずの融点降下剤であるにもかかわらず、我々は、表1において4275Cと印付けされた本発明の超合金にゲルマニウムを0.85重量%まで添加すると溶接性が改善し、図7に示されたとおり、欠陥のない溶接部がルネ80上に生成されたことを見出した。
タービンエンジン構成要素を製造する3D AM工程を実証するため、長さ4インチ(約10.16cm)、高さ1インチ(約2.54cm)、及び厚さ0.125インチ(約0.318cm)の試料を、1kWのIPGレーザと二つの粉末供給装置とを備えたLAWS1000レーザ溶接システムを使用して生成したが、このシステムは、プレアロイ粉末配合物を使用して溶接を実行するだけでなく、溶接プール中で二つの異種のニッケル及びコバルト基異種粉末を直接混合することができるものである。
― レーザビーム出力 ― 480W(ワット)
― 堆積速度 ― 3.8g/分(グラム毎分)
― 溶接スピード ― 3.5ipm(インチ毎分)(約8.89cm/分)
― 溶接にわたるビーム振動スピード ― 40imp(約101.6cm/分)
― 不活性ガス ― アルゴン
Claims (16)
- 重量%で:
― 9.0から10.5%までのクロム、
― 20から22%までのコバルト、
― 1.0から1.4%までのモリブデン、
― 5.0から5.8%までのタングステン、
― 2.0から6.0%までのタンタル、
― 3.0から6.5%までのアルミニウム、
― 0.2から1.5%までのハフニウム、
― 0から1.0%までのゲルマニウム、
― 0から0.2%までのイットリウム、
― 0から1.0%までのケイ素、
― 0.01から0.015%までのホウ素、
― 0.01から0.16%までの炭素、
― 1.5から3.5%までのレニウム、及び
― 不純物を伴う差引のニッケルからなる、48.5〜49.5体積%のガンマプライム相を有する高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金。 - ゲルマニウム及びケイ素の全含有量が0.9〜1.1重量%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金。
- 請求項1又は2の何れか一項に記載の高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金を、溶接ワイヤ、溶接粉末、又はタービンエンジン構成要素の材料として使用する方法。
- 請求項1又は2の何れか一項に記載の高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金を使用するステップを含む、タービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- a) 鋳造、
b) 2190〜2290oF(約1198.89〜1254.44℃)で1〜2時間のアニーリング、
c) 1500〜1800oF(約815.56〜982.22℃)での塑性変形による熱間成形、
d) 1975〜2050oF(約1079.44〜1121.11℃)で2〜4時間の一次時効処理、及び
e) 1300〜1500oF(約704.44〜815.56℃)で16〜24時間の二次時効処理、の中から選択される一つ又は複数のステップを含む、請求項4に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。 - 2190oF(約1198.89℃)から2290oF(約1254.44℃)までの温度範囲で1〜2時間のアニーリングb)、1975oF(約1079.44℃)から2050oF(約1121.11℃)までの温度範囲で2〜4時間の一次時効処理d)、及び1300oF(約704.44℃)から1500oF(約815.56℃)までの温度範囲で16〜24時間の二次時効処理e)の中から選択される熱処理を含む、請求項5に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 1500〜1800oF(約815.56〜982.22℃)の温度で熱間成形する前記ステップc)を含み、そのステップc)に先立って、2200〜2290oF(約1204.44〜1254.44℃)の温度、15〜20KSI(約103.45〜137.93MPa)の圧力で2〜6時間の高温静水圧処理のさらなるステップを含む、請求項5に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 5〜80%の塑性変形による熱間成形c)を含む、請求項5に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 前記一次時効処理d)を含み、その温度が前記タービンエンジン構成要素の使用温度超から選択される、請求項5に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- a) それぞれ(70〜80)重量%及び(20〜30)重量%の量の少なくとも二つの異種のニッケル基粉末及びコバルト基粉末を含む粉末混合物の、溶接プール中での溶融及び堆積により溶融溶接するステップであって:
前記ニッケル基粉末が、重量%で:
− 6から8%までのクロム、
− 11から12%までのコバルト、
− 1.3から1.6%までのモリブデン、
− 4.5から5%までのタングステン、
− 2.0から6.4%までのタンタル、
− 3.0から6.5%までのアルミニウム、
− 0.2から1.5%までのハフニウム、
− 2.5から3%までのレニウム、
− 0から1.0%までのゲルマニウム、
− 0から1%までのケイ素、
− 0から0.2%までのイットリウム、
− 0.01から0.015%までのホウ素、
− 0.01から0.23%までの炭素、及び
− 不純物を伴う差引のNiを含み、そして
前記コバルト基粉末が、重量%で:
− 14から18%までのニッケル、
− 19から21%までのクロム、
− 8から10%までのタングステン、
− 3から6.5%までのアルミニウム、
− 0から1.0%までのゲルマニウム、
− 0から1%までのケイ素、
− 0から0.45%までのイットリウム、
− 0から1.5%までのハフニウム、及び
― 不純物を伴う差引のCoを含むステップと;
b) 予めプログラムされた溶接経路のとおりに前記溶接プールを徐々に凝固、移動させて、請求項1に記載の高ガンマプライムニッケル基超合金と同一化学組成を有する溶接ビードを形成するステップとを含む、請求項4に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。 - 前記溶融溶接が、レーザビーム、プラズマアーク、マイクロプラズマ、電子ビーム溶接の中から選択される、請求項10に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 高静水圧処理、アニーリング、時効処理、又はアニーリング及び時効処理の組み合わせの中から選択される溶接後熱処理をさらに含む、請求項10に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 溶接後熱処理の後に、要求される幾何学構造に加工するステップをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 非破壊試験のステップをさらに含む、請求項13に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 前記粉末混合物が、ニッケル基粉末及びコバルト基粉末を含むプレアロイ粉末配合物の形態、又は溶接の最中に前記溶接プール中で直接混合される異種のニッケル基粉末及びコバルト基粉末の形態である、請求項10に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
- 前記タービンエンジン構成要素が3D付加製造法により製造される、請求項10〜15の何れか一項に記載のタービンエンジン構成要素を製造する方法。
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