JP6846918B2 - Joint structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a bonded structure made of wood-based material, and further relates to a bonded structure having excellent workability and exhibiting high joint strength.

Wood-based materials have both the material characteristics of being lightweight and easy to process and the design characteristics such as healing effect and relaxing effect, and have been widely used mainly in detached houses. Furthermore, in recent years, the use of domestic timber has been required against the background of environmental problems and industrial revitalization, and in addition to conventional detached houses, technological developments related to upsizing and high-rise wooden buildings have been actively carried out. There is.
However, when making a large space building or a low-rise building into a wooden structure, not only the physical properties of the wood-based materials such as beams and columns can be improved, but also the strength of their joints cannot be improved at the same time. There was a problem that it could not be established.

As for the joining structure of wood-based materials, joining using hardware joining tools has become the mainstream in recent years, and joining tools and joining methods having various shapes and mechanisms have been devised for the purpose of improving joining strength (Patent Documents). 1) However, since they use a large number of bolts, pins, and complicated joint fittings, it is difficult to maintain the same workability as the conventional wooden structure.

Another method for increasing the joint strength is to use reinforcing metal fittings above and below the joint between the beam and the column (Patent Document 2). However, although this method is very useful for detached houses, fireproof performance is often required by the Building Standards Law for large buildings, and the special joint shape makes it a fireproof coating. It has problems such as deterioration of workability and cost increase of covering material.
In order to make large-space buildings and medium- and low-rise buildings into wooden structures, the development of a joint structure that has excellent workability and can exhibit high joint strength without using special joints has been awaited.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-348658 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-003177

An object of the present invention is to provide a bonded structure made of wood-based material, which is excellent in workability and exhibits high bonding strength.

The joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member, which is a wood-based material in which the beam member is reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member, and the beam member is fixed to the column portion by a protrusion member. It is characterized by that.
Further, it is preferable that the tubular reinforcing material is hollow and that the tubular reinforcing material is made of a fiber-reinforced resin. In addition, the end of the beam member has a soft material, the end of the beam member has a female thread structure, and the soft member at the end of the beam member has a female thread structure. It is preferable that the member is arranged on the outer side of the member. Further, it is preferable that the protruding member is a screw bolt.
Another method for manufacturing a joined structure of the present invention is characterized in that a beam member, which is a wood-based material reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member, is fixed to a column member by a protruding member.

According to the present invention, there is provided a bonded structure made of a wood material which is excellent in workability and exhibits high bonding strength.

Schematic diagram of the cross section of the wood laminated wood of Reference Example 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the wood laminated wood of Reference Example 2 Schematic diagram of the joined structure of the present invention of Example 1. Schematic diagram of the joint structure of Comparative Example 1 Schematic diagram of the joint structure of Comparative Example 2 Schematic diagram of wood laminated wood and joining metal fittings used in the present invention of Example 3. Schematic diagram of the joined structure of the present invention of Example 3 Schematic diagram of the joining metal fitting used in the joining structure of the present invention of Example 4. Schematic diagram of the joined structure of the present invention of Example 4. Schematic diagram of the joint portion of the present invention of Example 4

The joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member, which is a wood-based material in which the beam member is reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member, and the beam member is fixed to the column portion by a protrusion member. It is essential to do so.
The pillar member used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and known wood or the like can be used. Specifically, known wood used for buildings such as Sugi, Hinoki, Larch, Douglas fir, and Tohi can be used, and Nara, Kiri, Keyaki, Kaede, Tochi, Hoo, Sakura, Teak, Rawan, Spinal, etc. Known wood used for plywood and the like can also be used by a method such as using it as laminated wood.

The joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure in which it is essential to use a wood-based material reinforced by a tubular reinforcing material as a beam member, and the beam member is fixed to a column portion by a protrusion member. In the present invention, a tubular reinforcing material is used for the beam member, but by inserting the protruding member inside the tubular reinforcing material, the beam member can be easily fixed to the column portion.
The inside of the tubular member may be filled with a material having lower strength and hardness than the reinforcing material constituting the tubular member, but in the present invention, it is more preferable that the tubular member is hollow from the viewpoint of workability.

Further, the tubular member may be a metal such as iron or aluminum as long as it can reinforce wood, but it is preferably composed of a material composed of reinforcing fibers and resin. This is because excellent effects can be exhibited in compatibility with wood, for example, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, anisotropy of material physical properties, weight, and the like.
Further, it is preferable that a member having a female screw structure is installed at the end of the beam member. Such a member having a female screw structure can be easily installed inside the tubular reinforcing material used in the present invention, and the joining member can be more easily enforced. In this case, it is preferable to use a male screw, particularly a screw bolt, as the protrusion member.

Further, it is preferable that the end portion of the beam member and the surface to be joined to the column member have a soft member. In particular, when a member having a female screw structure is installed at the end of the beam member, it is preferable that the end of the beam member has a soft member. Normally, the surface of the beam member is smoothed while it is joined to the column member, but when a reinforcing material, especially a reinforcing material having a female screw structure, is installed as in the present invention, the joint surface is made of wood and the reinforcing material. Are mixed, and it is difficult to perform smoothing processing efficiently. However, by arranging a soft member, preferably wood, at the end thereof, it is possible to perform the smoothing process with a grinder or the like similar to that when processing a beam member made of only a conventional wood-based material. It was. Since the tubular reinforcing member of the beam member of the present invention is arranged immediately inside the soft member, the workability is hardly affected. The optimum thickness of the soft member is about 0.5 to 3 mm.

As described above, the joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member, and is a wood-based material in which the beam member is reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member. It is essential to fix it to.
Another method of manufacturing the joined structure of the present invention is a method of fixing a beam member, which is a wood-based material reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member, to a column member by a protruding member.
Further, as a preferred method for joining the wood-based material for obtaining such a bonded structure of the present invention, at least one member is a wood-based material reinforced by a reinforcing material having a tubular cross section, and the wood-based material is used. This is a method of joining a wood-based material by inserting a rod-shaped member having a tubular cross-sectional shape and the same cross-sectional shape into the tubular reinforcing material of the wood-based material via a joining member such as metal.

The tubular shape is preferably a pipe shape, the wood material is preferably laminated wood, and the insertion length of the rod-shaped member is preferably 50 mm or more and 1,000 mm or less.
When using a conventional laminated wood or a laminated wood reinforced with a reinforcing material that is not tubular, when joining with a column, the beam end (joint) is matched to the shape of the joining member. ), It was necessary to machine holes for slits and bolts, and to embed female screws.

On the other hand, in the present invention, it is possible to easily stabilize the joint structure simply by using a wood-based material having a tubular reinforcing material such as a pipe shape for the beam and inserting a rod-shaped joint portion into the central portion of the tubular reinforcing material. It is possible. Since it is not necessary to perform joining processing in advance on the joint portion of the wood-based material to be the beam, it has become possible to improve the efficiency of the processing process itself. Further, in this joining method, it is possible to simplify the processing at the construction site only to the process of inserting the rod-shaped joining member from the back surface of the column, which has the effect of shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost.

Further, a rod-shaped joining member that can be suitably used in the present invention will be described below. The rod-shaped joining member may have a cross section having the same cross section as the tubular or pipe-shaped reinforcing material and may be inserted into the central portion or the hollow portion, and the material or the like is not particularly limited. However, since the bending strength of the rod-shaped member itself is finally reflected in the joint strength, it is preferable that the strength is high and brittle fracture is not exhibited. For example, metals such as iron and aluminum are one of the preferred materials because they have sufficient bending strength and rigidity and show a tough fracture tendency. It is preferable as a rod-shaped member because it is easily available and can be easily processed into an arbitrary cross-sectional shape and length. Alternatively, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) can be used as the rod-shaped member. However, FRP generally has high strength and high rigidity, and may exhibit brittle fracture, so some ingenuity is required.

The cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped member used in the present invention may be a shape that matches the tubular reinforcing material such as a square, a rectangle, or a circle, and in order to insert it into the tubular reinforcing material, it is 0.5 mm to 1 mm larger than the inner dimension thereof. It is preferable to keep it as small as 0.0 mm. The length to be inserted into the tubular reinforcing material is preferably 50 mm or more and 1,000 mm or less, and more preferably 150 mm or more and 500 mm or less. If the insertion length is too short, the strength and rigidity of the rod-shaped member will not be easily expressed, and not only will it not be possible to obtain sufficient joint strength, but the rod-shaped member will easily come off and collapse when the building is distorted due to an earthquake or the like. There is a fear. On the contrary, when the insertion length is lengthened, the joint strength is not improved so much even if it is longer than 1,000 mm. Therefore, even if it is made too long, the material is only used excessively, and the material cost becomes high, which tends to be unfavorable.

As for the arrangement of the tube-shaped reinforcing members used in the present invention, it is particularly preferable that two or four of the reinforcing members are arranged equidistantly from the center point of the cross section of the beam. From the viewpoint of joining strength, it is particularly desirable to join at least two places with rod-shaped members. Judging from the joint strength and stability against rotation, it is most desirable to join with 4 rod-shaped members and 4 pipe reinforcements, but if performance is not required to that extent, reduce the number of joints. In that case, it is desirable to join at two places on the lower side of the beam cross section. This is because the amount of the wood member that rides on the lower side of the beam cross section is larger than that on the upper side, so that the reaction force against the force applied to the inserted rod-shaped member becomes large and the joint strength becomes high. On the other hand, joining with only two beams on either the left or right side of the beam cross section is unstable in terms of the rotational stability of the beam.
Further, in order to make the joint strength sufficient and prevent the rod-shaped member from falling off, it is preferable to bond and integrate the rod-shaped member to be inserted and the inner surface of the tubular reinforcing material with an adhesive. The type of adhesive can be arbitrarily selected depending on the material of the rod-shaped member and the tubular reinforcing material.

Further, when the tubular reinforcing material is made of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), it is preferable to use a UD base material aligned in one direction in consideration of the balance between performance and cost. Further, regarding the joining method, it is preferable to have an alignment direction and an angle of the reinforcing fibers, and to arrange additional reinforcing fibers in the direction of, for example, 90 °. In the joining member of the present invention, since the rod-shaped member is inserted into the central portion of the tubular reinforcing material, as a partial reinforcement thereof, wood fiber or reinforcing fiber of laminated wood is used on at least the outer circumference or the inner circumference of the pipe reinforcing material. It is particularly preferable that the reinforcing fibers having an alignment direction and an angle are additionally arranged because the rod-shaped member has an effect of suppressing the force of pushing up the pipe reinforcing material. The fibers additionally used for reinforcement may be the same as or different from the reinforcing fibers forming the tubular reinforcing material, and not only the UD base material but also woven fabrics and the like can be used. A rod-shaped member such as a screw bolt inserted from the back of a column may split a surrounding wooden part by pushing up a joint fitting or the like placed in a through hole such as a beam. By arranging the fiber reinforcing material on the outside of the joint fitting, the stress supported by the material and the xylem can be shared, and as a result, the xylem cracking can be suppressed and the joint strength can be improved.

Further, in the joining method of the present invention, it is also preferable to use the hardware used in the existing wooden construction together. For example, if an L-shaped metal fitting is used to receive the lower part of the beam, the beam can be dropped between the columns during construction and placed on the L-shaped metal fitting to fix the position of the beam and the column. It is useful because it is efficient and the joint strength can be further improved by the strength of the L-shaped metal fitting.
The joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member as described above, and is a wood-based material in which the beam member of one of the constituent elements is reinforced by a tubular reinforcing material. A more detailed description of the wood-based material suitable for this beam member is given below.

The wood-based material used in the present invention is preferably a laminated wood composed of a tubular reinforcing material and wood. Further, the tubular reinforcing material is preferably a fiber-reinforced tubular reinforcing material.
As a particularly preferable wood-based material, it is preferable to use a fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood composed of a reinforcing lamina in which the reinforcing material and the wood are arranged in the width direction and a wood-based lamina consisting of only wood.

Normally, wood laminated wood is formed by joining and assembling a plurality of wood material layers (lamina) to each other, but in this fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood, one or more of the wood material layers (lamina) are reinforced. It is preferable to use a reinforcing lamina having a reinforcing material composed of a fiber and a resin as a constituent element. Further, as the reinforcing laminar, it is preferable that such a reinforcing material and wood are arranged in the width direction.
In this fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood, it is preferable that the reinforcing lamina containing such reinforcing fibers and the wood lamina made of only wood are laminated in the direction perpendicular to the width direction. The lamina layer is usually a plate-like material having a width and a spread of length, but here, it is preferable to use it as a laminated wood laminated in the direction perpendicular to the width direction and the length direction.

A preferable wood laminated wood is one composed of a reinforcing lamina having a reinforcing material as a constituent element and a wood lamina. The reinforcing material, which is one component constituting the reinforcing laminar, is composed of reinforcing fibers and resins, and more specifically, resins such as epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, and phenol resin, and reinforcing fibers. It is preferably a fiber reinforced resin (FRP) composed of. This is because it is excellent in terms of coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, anisotropy of material properties, weight, and the like.

As the reinforcing fiber contained in the reinforcing material, a reinforcing fiber having a strength suitable for reinforcing wood can be used, but the melting point or the glass transition temperature of the reinforcing fiber is 200 ° C. or higher. Alternatively, it is preferably an inorganic fiber. Further, when the fibers are organic materials, their melting points or glass transition temperatures are preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher. Since the main use of the fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood of the present invention is a member for constructing a building, it is preferable that the strength does not decrease even in the event of a fire.

Specific examples of the reinforcing fibers include carbon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers (aramid fibers), polyallylate fibers, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazar fibers, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polyimide fibers, and ethylene tetrafluoride fibers. It is preferably glass fiber or the like. In particular, the reinforcing fiber (reinforcing fiber) is preferably carbon fiber, glass fiber or aromatic polyamide fiber. Further, these reinforcing fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more of them.

Among such reinforcing fibers, it is preferable to use carbon fiber as the reinforcing fiber in the present invention. Of these, acrylic nitrile-based carbon fibers obtained by firing polyacrylonitrile-based fibers are most preferable. Further, it is preferable that the carbon fiber has a nitrogen content of 0.1 to 15% by weight, a tensile strength of 2500 to 7000 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 150 to 700 GPa. In particular, a carbon fiber having a diameter of 5 to 9 microns (μm) having a tensile strength of 3500 MPa or more and an elastic modulus of 200 to 350 GPa having a nitrogen content of 3 to 10% by weight is optimal from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. Is. Further, the oxygen / carbon ratio of the surface of such carbon fiber surface by the ESCA surface analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) is preferably 0.1 / 1 to 0.3 / 1. Further, the range of 0.15 / 1 to 0.25 / 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring high adhesive strength with the resin.

The reinforcing fiber to be used preferably has a fiber diameter of 5 to 9 μm, but is more preferably a fiber bundle. The fiber bundle is preferably a fiber bundle (strand) having 1000 to 300,000 constituents. Further, when the reinforcing fiber is a fiber bundle, it is preferable to use the fiber bundle by desired fractional focusing or widening to a desired shape.

In this wood laminated wood, it is preferable that such reinforcing fibers form a reinforcing material together with a resin, but the form of the fibers in the reinforcing material is a UD base material in which the fibers are aligned in one direction or the second. Various forms such as combinations of more than directions, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics can be adopted, and can be designed according to the required strength. However, when the balance between actual performance and cost is taken into consideration, it is particularly preferable to use it as a UD base material aligned in one direction. In particular, as the UD base material, it is preferable to use a UD base material in which carbon fibers having high tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus and high heat resistance are aligned in one direction.

The resin used for the reinforcing material is not particularly limited as long as it is a matrix resin of the fiber reinforced composite material, but a thermosetting resin is particularly preferable. As an example of the thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a vinyl ester resin and the like can be preferably mentioned. Of these, an epoxy resin is preferable from the viewpoint of the balance of physical properties, and a phenol resin is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to a wood-based sheet or final wood and heat resistance.

Such reinforcing fibers and resin constitute a reinforcing material, and the reinforcing fibers are preferably oriented in the length direction of the reinforcing material. And it is preferable that the reinforcing fiber is a continuous fiber. By using such a fiber form, it becomes possible to more effectively exert the reinforcing effect of the fiber. Further, the volume fraction of the fiber and the resin in the reinforcing material is preferably in the range of 40/60 to 60/40. Further, the abundance density of the reinforcing fiber in the reinforcing material is preferably in the range ^{of 10,000 to 18,000 fibers / mm 2 in the cross section in the length direction thereof.}

In order to improve the joint strength of such a reinforcing material with another member (for example, a column member or the like), the compressive strength of the reinforcing material is preferably 100 N / mm or more and 5,000 N / mm or less. More preferably, it is 500 N / mm or more and 4,500 N / mm or less, and further preferably 1000 N / mm or more and 4,000 N / mm or less. If the compressive strength is low, there is a concern that it will be necessary to increase the thickness, and if the compressive strength is too high, the strength of other members will be insufficient, especially in order to control the fracture shape of the material at the joint. There is a concern that it will be necessary to make the strength of the members excessive. The cost tends to be high as a whole.

Further, it is preferable that the reinforcing fibers are mainly arranged in the peripheral portion of the reinforcing material. In particular, it is preferable that the reinforcing fibers are tubular, which is mainly arranged around the reinforcing material. By arranging the fibers in the peripheral portion of the reinforcing material, the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing material in the wood laminated wood can be improved, and the peripheral portion means the range of the outer peripheral portion 1/3 of the tubular reinforcing material. In particular, it is preferably in the range of 1/5.

By the way, in the beam member of the present invention, it is essential that the reinforcing material is tubular (pipe shape), but when the same reinforcing property is ensured by this, the wall thickness of the reinforcing material is controlled. , The fiber content and the like can be easily adjusted. By using a hollow cross section, the wall thickness of the layer forming the hollow outer wall makes it possible to optimally control the physical properties required for the reinforcing material, avoiding excessive use of reinforcing fibers and resin, and reinforcing the material. It is also possible to reduce the weight of the material. Further, by making it tubular, the thickness of the entire reinforcing material can be easily adjusted to a thickness corresponding to one or two laminas. By arranging reinforcing materials with a thickness equivalent to an integral multiple of the lamina, the reinforcing material and the wood that constitutes the other part of the lamina can be processed side by side in the same plane, and the same surface reinforcement with excellent workability is possible. Lamina can be easily obtained. The processing steps required to obtain adhesive lamina and laminated wood can be significantly reduced.

Further, the shape of the tube-shaped reinforcing material used in the present invention is preferably rectangular. When the reinforcing material is used as the reinforcing laminar, the reinforcing material and the wood are arranged in the width direction, but since the reinforcing material is rectangular, it can be easily smoothed in combination with a general rectangular wood. It is possible to form a plate-shaped reinforcing lamina. By doing so, not only stress concentration is less likely to occur and the physical properties of the laminated wood are improved, but also the laminated wood having excellent workability can be obtained in the manufacturing process. For example, when the cross section of the reinforcing material is circular (cylindrical shape as a whole), a gap is likely to be formed between the reinforcing material and other laminas made of wood-based materials arranged on the left, right, top and bottom, and the adhesion with the lamina becomes a line, which reduces the adhesive strength. Tend to do. A particularly preferred cross-sectional shape of the stiffener is a square or rectangular hollow rectangle.

When the reinforcing material is rectangular, it is preferable that the outer dimensions of the short side are 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less and the outer dimensions of the long side are 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less. Further, the outer dimension of the short side is preferably 15 mm or more and 45 mm or less, the outer dimension of the long side is preferably 15 mm or more and 400 mm or less, and the short side preferably corresponds to the thickness of the reinforcing laminar constituting the laminated wood. Further, the long side of the reinforcing material is preferably used in the width direction of the laminated wood. The short side corresponds to an integral multiple of the wood lamina other than the other adhesive lamina that composes the laminated wood, for example, the thickness of one or two sheets, so that the reinforcement lamina consisting of the reinforcing material and the wood in the same plane is made of other wood. It can be processed side by side with Lamina, improving workability and adhesiveness.

When such a reinforcing material is rectangular and hollow, the thickness of each side of the reinforcing material is preferably 1 mm or more and 30 mm or less. Further, it is preferably 2 mm or more and 25 mm or less. If the thickness is too thin, buckling fracture may occur on the vertical side of the hollow reinforcing material when a force is applied in the bending direction, and a sufficient reinforcing effect may not be obtained. On the other hand, if it is too thick, there is an increased concern that the resin inside cannot be sufficiently cured when molding the reinforcing material, and there is a concern that shear failure in the reinforcing material is likely to occur when a force is applied in the bending direction. There is. This tendency is particularly remarkable when laminated wood is used as a beam.

Further, regarding the thickness of the wall of the reinforcing material when the reinforcing material has a rectangular hollow structure, the thickness of at least one long side (horizontal side) is the short side (vertical side) or the remaining long side (horizontal side). ) Is thicker than any of them. As a more specific numerical value, the thickness of one side (horizontal side) in the horizontal direction far from the center point of the laminated wood is in the range of 1 to 30 mm, and one side (vertical side) in the thickness direction and the rest. The thickness of the long side (horizontal side) of the above is preferably 1 to 10 mm. Alternatively, it is preferable that the horizontal side is thicker than the vertical side, and that one side (horizontal side) in the horizontal direction far from the center point is thicker than the other.

For example, when the laminated wood of the present invention is used as a beam member, each side of the reinforcing material located at the upper part of the beam is taken as an example. When the short side (vertical side) is 3 mm thick, the long side (horizontal side) Of these, the side near the center is also 3 mm thick, but the side far from the center is preferably 5 mm. By increasing the thickness of the long side (horizontal side) farther from the center point of the laminated wood, it is possible to more efficiently exert the reinforcing effect. However, the degree of thickening is preferably in the range of +10 mm or less with respect to the thickness of other sides. If it is too thick, the reinforcing material tends to tend to follow the direction of the thick side during molding of the reinforcing material or before it is placed in the laminated wood. It is preferable to change this thickness within a range that does not affect the shape retention of the reinforcing material.

It is preferable to use such a reinforcing material by forming a reinforcing lamina by integrating it with other wood. The adhesive used can be any adhesive as long as it can bond wood and resin, such as an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. Considering the integration into the laminated wood, it is preferable to use the water-soluble polymer-isocyanate adhesive or the resorcinol adhesive used for producing the laminated wood in order to reduce the process cost. The bonding method can be selected according to the reaction of the adhesive and may be pressed at room temperature, but the method of bonding at a high frequency in a short time is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the process cost. Further, in order to further enhance the adhesive effect, it is also useful to make the surface of the reinforcing material uneven to increase the adhesive area.

In order to obtain even stronger adhesive strength, it is also preferable to arrange a wood-based sheet pre-impregnated with a resin on at least one side of the reinforcing material. Here, the wood-based sheet is made of sliced wood and / or wood pulp and a thermosetting resin. More preferably, the degree of curing of the thermosetting resin is in the range of 40% or more and 90% or less.
Further details of the wood-based sheet preferably used in the present invention will be described below. Here, the wood-based sheet contains sliced wood and / or wood pulp as an essential component, and further contains a thermosetting resin.

As the wood-based sheet that can be used in the present invention, it is particularly preferable to select a sheet having a porous structure. This is because the adhesive permeates into the holes, the anchor effect is easily exerted, and the adhesive performance is improved. More specifically, such wood-based sheets include those made of known natural wood such as dao, nara, perch, beach, cypress, cedar, cherry blossom, maple, and teak using a slicer, and wood-based sheets. It is preferably a known paper using the pulp of the above, a thin plate such as a non-woven fabric, or a fiber sheet. The thickness of the wood-based sheet is preferably 0.01 to 0.3 mm. If the thickness is too thin, the sheet property tends to be poor and handling tends to be difficult. On the other hand, if it is too thick, the flexibility tends to decrease and the post-workability tends to deteriorate.

Further, such a wood-based sheet contains a thermosetting resin in addition to the above-mentioned wood and pulp. Specific examples of the thermosetting resin include phenols or oligomers having one phenol hydroxyl group such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, ethylphenol, chlorophenol, and bromophenol, and phenols such as resorcin, hydroquinone, catechol, and fluoroglycinol. Phenols having two or more sex hydroxyl groups and aldehydes such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, trioxane, and tetraoxane are phenols / aldehydes = 2/1 to 1/3, preferably 5/4. A known resole-type phenolic resin (phenolformaldehyde initial addition condensation resin) and resorcinol resin obtained by methylolation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide at a molar ratio of ~ 2/5. Is preferable. More preferably, the polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is 120 to 2000, and particularly preferably 150 to 500. Further, it is preferable that the resin has a viscosity at 25 ° C. adjusted to 3 to 150 poisons.

Further, as the curing agent used together with the thermosetting resin in the wood-based sheet, known ones used as a curing agent such as resorcinol resin and resor-type phenol resin are used, and in particular, paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and furfural are used. , Trioxane, etc., are preferably mixed with the resin to form a paste or liquid. Further, as the curing catalyst, it is preferable to use a catalyst that dissolves in a liquid state by mixing with the resin such as paratoluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, and phenolsulfonic acid.

The degree of curing of the thermosetting resin in the wood-based sheet that may be present on the surface of the reinforcing material preferably used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 40 to 90%. In particular, when the reinforcing material is bonded to the wood constituting another laminar, the degree of curing of the thermosetting resin in the wood-based sheet is controlled within this range, so that the state is particularly suitable for high-frequency bonding. If the degree of curing of the thermosetting resin is too high, it is difficult to form a chemical bond by the reaction with the wood adhesive, and the adhesive strength at the wood-reinforcing material interface is lowered. On the other hand, if the degree of curing is too low, the strength of the sheet itself becomes weak, the wood-based sheet portion is torn, and there is a high concern that the wood-based sheet portion will be separated at the interface between the wood of the adherend and the reinforcing material.

Further, if the amount of resin is too low, the adhesiveness to wood is inferior, and if it is too high, the resin tends to fall from the reinforcing fibers, resulting in poor handleability. From this point of view, the amount of resin is preferably in the range of 30 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight. Further, the viscosity of the resin used at 25 ° C. is preferably in the range of 3 to 150 poise. If the viscosity is too low, the resin tends to fall from the reinforcing fibers, and conversely, if the viscosity is too high, the impregnation property of the resin into the reinforcing fibers tends to be inferior. As a method for adjusting the viscosity of such a resin, it is also possible to add water to reduce the viscosity.

In the present invention, when the fiber reinforced wood laminated wood is used, it is composed of the above-mentioned reinforcing fibers and resin, and if necessary, the reinforcing material in which a wood sheet is arranged on the surface thereof and wood. It is preferable to have. The reinforcing material constitutes a reinforcing lamina in which the reinforcing material and other wood are arranged in the width direction, and the wood lamina made of only wood and the reinforcing lamina are laminated in the direction perpendicular to the width direction. It is a laminated lumber.
Woods other than the reinforcing material of reinforced lamina, and known woods used for buildings such as sugi, cypress, karamatsu, bay pine, and touhi, as well as wood such as sugi, cypress, karamatsu, baymatsu, and touhi, Any known wood used for plywood such as tochi, cypress, cherry, teak, lauan, spinal, etc. can be used.

Further, in the wooden member used in the present invention, a plurality of tubular reinforcing members are arranged at equidistant positions from the center of the cross section of the member, and the reinforcing members are arranged with respect to the center of the member. , It is preferable that a plurality of lines are arranged point-symmetrically. In particular, it is preferable that two or four beams are arranged equidistantly from the center point of the cross section of the beam member.
By arranging the beam members so as to be vertically symmetrical with each other at equal distances from the center point of the cross section of the beam member, the rigidity of the beam member can be further improved. Further, from the viewpoint of the moment of inertia of area, it is preferable to arrange the beam members at positions as close to the upper surface and the lower surface as possible, and the reinforcing effect can be further improved. It is especially effective when used as a beam.

The reinforcing material may be arranged in the outermost layers (upper surface and lower surface) of the beam member, but it is preferable to install the reinforcing material inward by at least one lamina layer from the outermost layer so that the reinforcing material cannot be seen from above or below the beam. .. The number of reinforcing materials used can be designed as needed, and may be one above the center point of the cross section of the beam member and one below, for a total of two, but the upper and lower parts are the same. It is preferable to divide the layout into left and right in the plane. For example, more specifically, it is preferable that two beams are divided upward from the center point of the cross section of the beam member and two beams are divided downward to the left and right, for a total of four beams. In particular, when hollow reinforcing materials are arranged at the four corners of the beam member cross section in this way, the space where nails and bolts can be used from the upper surface of the beam (where there is no reinforcing material and is formed only of wood) is made larger. Since it can be secured, the shape becomes more preferable when considering the use of a beam.

Further, it is preferable that the top, bottom, left and right surfaces of the beam member are smooth. In the present invention, it is possible to form a smooth surface of a member by surface-cutting the upper and lower surfaces of the beam member and the laminated cross sections on the left and right in the length direction with a moulder or the like. Normally, when wood is reinforced with another material, the other material is exposed on the surface and smoothing treatment is difficult. However, in the present invention, since the reinforcing material is arranged inside the beam member, the smooth surface can be easily obtained. It is possible to obtain.

Further, it is preferable that a soft material is arranged at the end portion of the beam member in the length direction. By arranging such a soft material at the end portion in the length direction, it is possible to perform surface cutting treatment on the laminated cross section with a moulder or the like to form a smooth surface of the member. Normally, when wood is reinforced, the material is exposed on the surface and smoothing treatment becomes difficult. However, in the present invention, since the reinforcing material is arranged inside the beam member, a soft material is applied only to the end face in the length direction. By arranging the above, it is possible to easily obtain a smooth surface on all surfaces. The soft material may be a resin that is not reinforced with ordinary fibers, but wood is more preferable.
The size of the beam member used in the present invention is in the range of 2,850 to 18,000 mm in the length direction, 105 to 240 mm in the width direction, and 120 to 2,000 mm in the thickness direction. It is common to have.

The beam member preferably used in the present invention is composed of a reinforcing laminar in which the reinforcing material and wood are arranged in the width direction as described above and a wood lamina composed of only wood, and the reinforcing material constituting the reinforcing laminar is formed. It is composed of reinforcing fibers and resin, and it is preferable that the reinforcing lamina and the wood lamina are laminated in the direction perpendicular to the width direction.
Such a beam member is composed of a reinforcing lamina in which a reinforcing material and wood are arranged in the width direction and a wood lamina composed of only wood, and the reinforcing material constituting the reinforcing lamina is a reinforcing fiber and a resin. , Reinforced lamina and wood lamina can be obtained by laminating and adhering in the direction perpendicular to the width direction.

The joint structure of the present invention is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member as described above, and is a wood-based material in which the beam member is reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member. It is essential to fix it to the part.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples as long as the gist of the present invention is not exceeded. Various physical properties were measured by the following methods.

(1) Compression Strength of Reinforcing Material A measurement sample having a width of 10 mm, a length of 50 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm was cut out from the fiber-reinforced reinforcing material. A stainless steel compression terminal with a length of 2 mm and a width of 4 mm is placed from above in a direction orthogonal to the length direction of the reinforcing material, compressed at a compression rate of 0.5 mm / min, and the maximum load (N) when the sample is destroyed. Was measured.

(2) Shear adhesive stress degree From the obtained laminated wood, a width of 25 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a thickness of 60 mm (one layer each of wood laminar and reinforced lamina, for a total of two layers) were cut out, and the reinforced lamina side was fixed to make wood. By applying a compressive force on the lamina side from above the edge surface along the grain direction, the adhesive surface of the sample was mainly shear-broken. The degree of shear bond stress was calculated by dividing the load at the time of shear failure by the bond area (25 mm × 30 mm).

(3) Bending elastic modulus and bending strength The bending elastic modulus and bending strength of the laminated wood were measured according to JAS Z2101. That is, the distance between the fulcrums was set to 18 times the beam formation, and a four-point bending test was conducted in which a load was applied to each of the points where the distance between the fulcrums was divided into three equal parts.
Bending strength and flexural modulus were calculated by the following formulas, respectively.

曲げ弾性率（２）：

Bending strength (1):

Flexural modulus (2):

However,
P: Maximum load L: Distance between fulcrums L1: Distance between load points b: Specimen width h: Specimen thickness (beam formation)
ΔF: Load increment between 10% of maximum load and 40% of maximum load Δy: Deflection increment corresponding to ΔF.

(4) Yield load capacity of joints As the yield load of joints of beam members of the joint structure, prepare a joint body in which two columns and one beam are joined in an H shape, and use H steel to prevent sinking. A compressive load is applied to the beam portion through the beam at a constant strain rate (1.0 mm / s) until the load drops to less than 80% of the maximum load, and the yield strength (kN) of the joint is obtained from the obtained load-strain curve. ) Was obtained.

(Reference example 1)
As a tubular (hollow pipe shape) reinforcing material, a matrix resin using carbon fiber (manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., acrylic nitrile carbon fiber "HTS40, 24K", diameter 7 μm) as a reinforcing fiber is a vinyl ester resin (curing temperature 110). A pultruded material was produced at −150 ° C. and a curing time of 5-10 min). The volume ratio of the reinforcing fibers and the matrix resin in this reinforcing material was 60/40, and the abundance density of carbon fibers in the cross section was 15,000 fibers / mm ² . Further, at the time of pultrusion, a wood sheet (phenol resin impregnated paper, basis weight 280 g / m ² , thickness 0.3 mm, resin impregnation rate: 50-60 wt%) was integrated on the entire surface of the reinforcing material. Then, the degree of resin curing of the wood sheet was adjusted to 85%. The cross-sectional shape of the obtained reinforcing material was a hollow square (rectangle), the outer dimensions were 30 mm × 30 mm, and the thickness was uniform on all sides and 3 mm (inner diameter 24 mm square).
Two pieces of wood having a thickness of 30 mm and a width of 15 mm were placed at both ends of the above two reinforcing materials, and one piece of wood having a thickness of 30 mm and a width of 30 mm was placed between the reinforcing materials to form an adhesive laminar. Further, a fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood was prepared by using 5 pieces of wood lamina having a thickness of 30 mm each and 2 pieces of adhesive lamina.

That is, two of the above-mentioned tubular reinforcing materials (15 mm inside from both side surfaces of the laminated lumber) so as to be symmetrical inside one lamina (30 mm) from the upper limit surface of the laminated lumber having a cross section of 120 mm in width × 210 mm in height. ), A fiber reinforced wood laminated wood in which a total of 4 pieces were arranged was obtained. Sugi (E65-F225) is used as the type of wood, and the adhesive between the sugi and the sugi and the sugi and the reinforcing material is a mixture of resorcinol-based adhesive (manufactured by Oshika Chemical Corporation, D300 / DL880 in 100:30 parts by weight). 45-60 parts by weight of resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde polycondensate, 5-10 parts by weight of phenol, 5-10 parts by weight of resorcinol, amorphous silica content of 0.8 parts by weight or less) was used. The amount of the adhesive applied was 125 g / m ² .
The wood lamina and the adhesive lamina are laminated and pressed from the laminating direction and the lateral direction (press pressure 73.5 kPa [7.5 kgf / cm ² ], press time 5 minutes), and the high frequency efficiency is 0 from the lateral direction of the laminating. .2 to 0.8 W / cm ² (high frequency output / adhesive application area), high frequency press treatment is performed, and the laminated surface of laminated lumber and the surface orthogonal to the laminated surface are surface cut with a moulder to make a smooth surface. And adjusted the dimensions. A cross-sectional view of the produced fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood is shown in FIG. 1, and the obtained physical properties are shown in Table 1. A block shear test was conducted based on the JAS standard for structural laminated wood, and it was confirmed that the adhesive strength between sugi and reinforcing material was 6.3 MPa (By the way, the standard for adhesive strength of sugi laminated wood is 5.4 MPa or more. Is).

(Reference example 2)
Except for the fact that the thickness of each side of the reinforcing material used in Reference Example 1 is 2 mm on the short side (vertical side), the long side (horizontal side) is 3 mm on the side closer to the center of the cross section of the laminated lumber, and 5 mm on the far side. Made a fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood as in Reference Example 1. A cross-sectional view of the produced laminated wood is shown in FIG. 2, and the obtained physical properties are also shown in Table 1. The adhesive strength between the sugi and the reinforcing material was 6.1 MPa.

(Reference example 3)
The arrangement of the reinforced lamina used in Reference Example 1 is changed from the arrangement of one lamina (30 mm) from the top and bottom to the inside of two lamina (60 mm) from the top and one lamina (30 mm) from the inside and bottom. ) A fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that it was changed to the inside. A cross-sectional view of the produced laminated wood is shown in FIG. The adhesive strength between the sugi and the reinforcing material was 6.3 MPa.

(Reference example 4)
Glulam of Sugi having a cross section of 120 mm in width × 210 mm in height was obtained by using only wood lamina having a thickness of 30 mm without using a reinforcing material. The adhesive strength between Sugi and Sugi was 5.8 MPa. The bending test results of the obtained laminated wood are also shown in Table 1.

(Example 1)
The fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood obtained in Reference Example 3 was used as a member for a 980 mm beam. Then, columns having a cross section of 120 mm × 120 mm and a length of 750 mm were joined to both sides of the beam member. The joint was the central part of the column in the length direction.
As a joining method, four 23 mm × 23 mm square holes are made in the pillars corresponding to four hollow parts (inner dimensions: 24 mm × 24 mm) in the cross section of the fiber reinforced wood laminated wood to be the beam. An iron (SS400) rod-shaped member (with a cross section of 23 mm × 23 mm) was inserted into the square hole. The length of the rod-shaped member was 300 mm, and the length of insertion into the beam was 180 mm.
A schematic view and a cross-sectional view of the produced H-type joint test piece are shown in FIG.
When the beam center portion of the obtained test piece was pressurized and the shear strength of the joint portion was measured, the shear strength at the yield point was 83 kN.

(Example 2)
Fiber reinforced wood material as in Example 1 except that a modified acrylic resin adhesive (Metal Lock manufactured by Cemedine Co., Ltd.) was used to bond the fiber reinforced wood laminated wood of Example 1 to the iron (SS400) rod-shaped member. An H-shaped joint test piece was prepared from the laminated wood and the pillar material. When the beam center portion of the obtained test piece was pressurized and the shear strength of the joint portion was measured, the shear strength at the yield point was 100 kN.

(Comparative Example 1)
A laminated wood made of only wood having a hollow portion in the same portion as the fiber-reinforced wood laminated wood of Example 1 was prepared. An H-shaped joint test piece was prepared from the laminated wood and the pillar material in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the laminated wood made of only the wood was used. FIG. 4 shows a schematic view and a cross-sectional view of the produced joining test piece. When the beam center portion of the obtained test piece was pressurized and the shear strength of the joint portion was measured, the shear strength at the yield point was 35 kN.

(Comparative Example 2)
Normal plate-pin joining was performed using the existing laminated wood (120 mm × 210 mm) that does not have the fiber reinforcement or hollow portion used in Reference Example 4. Both the plate and the pin were made of iron (SS400), the plate was 5 mm thick, and a 200 mm slit was inserted on the beam side. The plate was fixed to the column with four φ16 bolts, and two φ12 pins were driven in from the side of the beam. A schematic view and a cross-sectional view of the produced joining test piece are shown in FIG.
Slit processing to install the plate, counterbore to prevent the head of the bolt from hitting, and hole processing for the pin are performed in advance at the end of the laminated wood, and the plate is bolted to the pillar during assembly work. Further pins were driven in to join the beams. Unlike the case of using the fiber reinforced wood laminated wood of the present invention, a lot of time was required for the preparation of the work and the actual work. When the beam center portion of the obtained test piece was pressurized and the shear strength of the joint portion was measured, the shear strength at the yield point was 106 kN.

(Example 3)
The hollow square fiber-resin composite used in Reference Example 1 was used as a reinforcing material (outer dimensions: 30 mm square, inner diameter: 24 mm square). The compressive strength of this reinforcing material was 3700 N / mm. Then, an adhesive lamina having a thickness of 30 mm composed of a reinforcing material and wood was prepared. Using the same 30 mm thick wood lamina as this adhesive lamina, a fiber reinforced wood laminated wood having a width of 120 mm, a beam formation of 210 mm, and a length of 982 mm was obtained and used as a beam member. Reinforcing materials made of reinforcing fibers and resin were arranged at four corners at positions 30 mm from the outside of the beam material on the top, bottom, left and right. The distance between the reinforcing members was 30 mm (Fig. 6).
A vinyl ester resin is used as the matrix resin for the fiber reinforcing material, and an aqueous polymer-isocyanate adhesive (30 to 50 parts by weight of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene / butadiene) is used for adhesion to other wood materials. It was a fiber-reinforced wood-based laminated material containing 5 to 15 parts by weight of a polymer).

On the other hand, two pillar members (150 mm × 150 mm, length 750 mm) were prepared. Sugi (E65-F225) was used as the tree species for both the beams and pillars.
As the joint fitting, a stepped step as shown in FIG. 6 exists on the side surface of the column, and four 23 mm square columnar steel (length 300 mm) corresponding to the hollow part of the beam protrude on the side surface of the beam. I prepared it. The stepped step on the side surface of the pillar was a rectangular parallelepiped whose width did not change in the height direction, and was a rectangular parallelepiped having a smaller width but the same length stacked in three steps.
As a joining method, the same hole as the stepped step of the joining fitting is machined in the column member, the joining fitting is attached to the beam member, and the stepped protrusion on the opposite side of the beam of the joining fitting is made into the hole of the pillar member. Combined (see FIG. 7).
The number of joint member types of the joint structure is one, the time required for assembling the joint structure sample is 30 minutes / set, and the edge precut processing of the beam member is unnecessary, so it is a material with excellent workability. there were. The yield strength (kN) of the beam member of the joint structure was 82.4 kN.

(Example 4)
Similar to Example 3, a beam member made of fiber reinforced wood laminated wood of Reference Example 1 was prepared. However, a joining metal fitting with a female screw (see FIG. 8) was further installed on the edge surface of the beam member having the opening. The diameter of the female screw was 16 mm.
Make a through hole with a diameter of 16 mm in the column member, insert four 16 mm diameter screw bolts per edge surface into the female screw part of the joint fitting placed on the edge surface of the beam member from the back of the column, and turn the bolt. Column-beam members were joined (see FIGS. 9 and 10).
The number of joint member types of the joint structure is one, the time required for assembling the joint structure sample is 10 minutes / set, and the fore-edge surface precut processing of the beam member is unnecessary, which is a more general-purpose tool than in Example 6. It was a material that could be constructed with and was also excellent in workability. The yield strength (kN) of the beam member of the joint structure was 64.8 kN.

(Comparative Example 3)
Instead of the laminated wood having the opening of Reference Example 1 used in Examples 3 and 4, a normal laminated wood having a width of 120 mm × a beam length of 210 mm and a length of 982 mm was prepared as a beam member. As the pillar members, the same two pillar members (150 mm × 150 mm, length 750 mm) as in Examples 3 and 4 were prepared.
First, in preparation for joining the beam members, a pin joining metal fitting (T-shaped) was fixed with a bolt to the surface of the column member facing the beam member. By the way, the metal fitting used had a plate that supports the beam from below. A slit was formed in the center of the edge surface of the beam member, and it was dropped from the upper part of the pin joining metal fitting fixed to the column member. Two M6 pins were driven from the side surface of the beam member at each end to join the beam member and the column member.
There are three types of joint members for the joint structure: plates, pins, and bolts. It takes 60 minutes / set to assemble the joint structure sample, and holes for pins are drilled for pre-cutting the edge surface of the beam members. Processing and slit processing were required. Although the yield strength (kN) of the beam member of the joint structure could be secured, the material was inferior in workability.

31 Reinforcing material with hollow part 32 Iron rod-shaped member 41 Hollow part without reinforcing material 51 Slit for plate 52 Slit for bolt head 53 Hole for pin 54 Bolt 55 Slit part 56 Plate 57 Pin 61 Joint fitting (beam side surface)
62 Joining bracket (side of pillar)
63 Beam member (glulam)
71 Pillar member 81 Joint fitting with female screw 82 Female screw hole part 91 Screw bolt 92 Pillar member 93 Beam member (glulam with through holes)
101 Fiber Reinforced Resin (CFRP)

Claims (6)

It is a joint structure composed of a column member and a beam member, the beam member is a wood-based material reinforced by a tubular reinforcing material, and the tubular reinforcing material is made of a hollow and fiber-reinforced resin. The shape of the tubular reinforcing material is rectangular, and the cross section of the tubular reinforcing material has an outer dimension of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less on the short side and an outer dimension of 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less on the long side. A joint structure characterized by being fixed to a part. Junction structure according to claim 1 Symbol placement has soft material on the end of the beam member. The joint structure according to any one of claims 1 and 2 , wherein a member having a female screw structure is installed at an end of the beam member. The joint structure according to claim 2 , wherein the soft member at the end of the beam member is arranged further outside the member having a female screw structure. The joint structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the protruding member is a screw bolt. The method for manufacturing a joint structure according to claim 1 , wherein a beam member, which is a wood-based material reinforced by a tubular reinforcing member, is fixed to a column member by a protruding member.

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