JP6708441B2 - Developer cartridge - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a developing cartridge used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. In particular, it is suitable for application to a color electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Here, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus is an apparatus that forms an image on a recording medium using an electrophotographic image forming method. Examples of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus include an electrophotographic copying machine, an electrophotographic printer (for example, laser beam printer, LED printer, etc.), a facsimile machine, a word processor, and the like.

The developing cartridge is composed of a developing means for developing the latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, a developing frame body for supporting the developing means, and parts related to the developing means, which are detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus. It is a thing.

In an image forming apparatus such as a printer using an electrophotographic image forming method (electrophotographic process), an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter, photosensitive drum) as an image carrier is uniformly charged. Next, the electrostatic image is formed on the photosensitive drum by selectively exposing the charged photosensitive drum. Next, the electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive drum is visualized as a toner image with toner as a developer. Then, the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum is transferred to a recording material such as recording paper or a plastic sheet, and heat or pressure is applied to the toner image transferred onto the recording material to form the toner image on the recording material. Image recording is performed by fixing the image on.

Such an image forming apparatus generally requires maintenance of various process means. In order to facilitate the maintenance of these various process means, a process in which the photosensitive drum, the charging means, the developing means, the cleaning means, etc. are collectively made into a cartridge and can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus main body (hereinafter, the apparatus main body). It has been put to practical use as a cartridge. According to the process cartridge system, it is possible to provide an image forming apparatus having excellent usability.

It is known that such a process cartridge has units such as a cleaning unit having a photosensitive drum, a developing unit having a developing unit, and a toner unit supplying a developer.

As a configuration for attaching/detaching these units or process cartridges to/from the apparatus main body, a method of attaching/detaching to/from the apparatus main body along the axial direction of the photosensitive drum has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

This developing unit is provided with a developer carrier for supplying the developer to the photoconductor drum, a developer chamber provided with a developer supply member for supplying the developer to the developer carrier, and a developer chamber. It has a developer accommodating chamber for accommodating the developer to be used. Further, it is proposed that the developer carrying member is arranged vertically above and the developing accommodating chamber in which the developer carrying member is provided is located vertically below the developing chamber.

Further, in the developing unit, in order to prevent the scattered toner inside the image forming apparatus from leaking into the image forming apparatus, a sheet member having one end fixed and the other end slidingly contacting the photosensitive drum is provided. It has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 5067913 Japanese Patent No. 5388526

A configuration in which a developing cartridge as a developing unit is attachable to and detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus is under study. In this configuration, if the sheet member for preventing the scattered toner from leaking from the main body of the apparatus is arranged, the leakage preventing sheet member is slidably contacted with the photosensitive drum in the mounting/removing direction when the developing cartridge is mounted/removed. For this reason, in order to prevent the photosensitive drum from being damaged by the rubbing, the leakage prevention sheet member provided in the developing cartridge needs a retracting mechanism, which makes the developing cartridge large.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a configuration in which scattered toner does not leak to the apparatus main body without increasing the size of the developing cartridge even when the developing cartridge is removable.

Developing cartridge according to the present invention is provided to be detachable from the image forming apparatus main body, and a developer carrying member for supplying the developer to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing frame for supporting the developer carrier rotatably And a regulation member that is fixed to the developing device frame, at least a part of which is arranged vertically below the developer carrier, and regulates the developer on the developer carrier. A collecting member is provided vertically above the regulating member so as to overlap a part of the regulating member, and the collecting member faces the regulating member and accommodates a developer between the regulating member. A facing part forming a part,
A first portion extending from one end connected to the facing portion toward the regulation member and one end connected to the other end of the first portion, extending toward the developer carrying member, and the other end having a gap between the regulation member and the regulation member. And a second part that is larger than the minimum gap between the other end of the first part and the other part.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the scattered toner from leaking to the apparatus main body without increasing the size of the developing cartridge.

Sectional drawing which shows the collection member vicinity which concerns on the Example of this invention. Sectional view of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention Sectional view of a drum cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention Sectional view of a developing cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a drum cartridge and a developing cartridge are mounted on an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention The top view of the collection member vicinity which concerns on the Example of this invention. The figure which shows arrangement|positioning of the collection member which concerns on the Example of this invention. The top view of the collection member which concerns on the Example of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the collection member and the developing blade which concern on the Example of this invention.

[Example]
[Overall schematic configuration of image forming apparatus]
(Overall structure of image forming apparatus)
First, the overall configuration of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus (hereinafter, image forming apparatus) 100 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the image forming apparatus 100 includes four removable drum cartridges 26 (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d) and four developing cartridges 4 (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). A main body (hereinafter, referred to as an apparatus main body) 10 is mounted and configured. Further, the upstream side in the mounting direction of the image forming apparatus 100 of the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 is defined as the front side surface side, and the downstream side in the mounting direction is defined as the rear side surface side. In FIG. 2, the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 are provided side by side in the main assembly 10 of the apparatus while being inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. In FIG. 2, the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 are arranged in the apparatus main body 10 so as to be inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.

As shown in FIG. 3, each drum cartridge 26 is integrally provided with an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter referred to as a photosensitive drum) 1, a charging roller 2 around the photosensitive drum 1, and a process means such as a cleaning member 6. It is located in.

Further, in each developing cartridge 4, as shown in FIG. 4, process means such as a developer carrying member (hereinafter, developing roller) 25 and a regulating member (hereinafter, developing blade) 35 are integrally arranged.

The charging roller 2 uniformly charges the surface of the photosensitive drum 1, and the developing roller 25 develops the latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 with a developer (hereinafter, toner) to form a visible image. It will be transformed. The cleaning member 6 removes the toner remaining on the photosensitive drum 1 after transferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 to the recording medium.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a scanner unit for forming a latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 by selectively exposing the photosensitive drum 1 under the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 based on image information. 3 is provided.

A cassette 17 containing the recording medium S is attached to the bottom of the scanner unit 3. A recording medium conveying unit is provided so that the recording medium S passes through the secondary transfer roller 69 and the fixing unit 74 and is conveyed above the apparatus main body 10. Specifically, a feeding roller 54 that separates and feeds the recording mediums S in the cassette 17 one by one, a conveying roller 76 that conveys the fed recording mediums S, and a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1. A registration roller 55 is provided to synchronize with the recording medium S. On the other hand, above the drum cartridge 26, an intermediate transfer unit 5 is provided as an intermediate transfer unit for transferring the toner image formed on each photoconductor drum 1. The intermediate transfer unit 5 includes a driving roller 56, a driven roller 57, a primary transfer roller 58 (58a, 58b, 58c, 58d) at a position facing the photosensitive drums 1 of the respective colors, and a position facing a secondary transfer roller 69. It has an opposed roller 59, and the transfer belt 9 is stretched around it.

At the time of image formation, each photoconductor drum 1 is rotated, and the scanner unit 3 selectively exposes the photoconductor drum 1 uniformly charged by the charging roller 2. As a result, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1. The latent image is developed by the developing roller 25. As a result, each color toner image is formed on each photoconductor drum 1. The transfer belt 9 circulates so as to face and contact all the photosensitive drums 1, and by applying a voltage to the primary transfer roller 58, primary transfer is performed from the photosensitive drums 1 onto the transfer belt 9. .. Then, the toner on the transfer belt 9 is transferred to the recording medium S by applying a voltage to the opposing roller 59 and the secondary transfer roller 69 arranged in the transfer belt 9.

In synchronization with this image formation, the registration roller 55 conveys the recording medium S to the secondary transfer position where the opposing roller 59 and the secondary transfer roller 69 are in contact with each other with the transfer belt 9 interposed therebetween. Then, by applying a transfer bias voltage to the secondary transfer roller 69, each color toner image on the transfer belt is secondarily transferred to the recording medium S. As a result, a color image is formed on the recording medium S. The recording medium S on which the color image is formed is heated and pressed by the fixing unit 74 to fix the toner image. After that, the recording medium S is ejected to the ejection portion 75 by the ejection roller 72.

(Drum cartridge)
Next, the drum cartridge 26 embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the drum cartridge 26. The drum cartridges 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d have the same structure.

The photosensitive drum 1 is rotatably provided on a cleaning frame 27 of the drum cartridge 26 via a drum front bearing and a drum rear bearing (not shown). A drum coupling and a flange are provided on one end side of the photosensitive drum 1 in the axial direction (longitudinal direction).

As described above, the charging roller 2 and the cleaning member 6 are provided around the photosensitive drum 1. The cleaning member 6 is composed of an elastic member 7 formed of a rubber blade and a cleaning support member 8. The tip end portion 7a of the rubber blade 7 is arranged in contact with the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 1 in the counter direction. Then, the residual toner removed from the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 by the cleaning member 6 falls into the removed toner chamber 27a. A squeeze sheet 21 that prevents the removed toner in the removed toner chamber 27a from leaking is attached to the cleaning frame 27 and is in contact with the photosensitive drum 1. Then, the drive force of a main body drive motor (not shown), which is a drive source, is transmitted to the drum cartridge 26, so that the photosensitive drum 1 is rotationally driven according to an image forming operation. The charging roller 2 is rotatably attached to the drum cartridge 26 via a charging roller bearing 28, is pressed toward the photosensitive drum 1 by the charging roller pressing member 46, and is driven and rotated by the photosensitive drum 1. To do.

(Development cartridge)
Next, the developing cartridge 4 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the developing cartridge 4 containing the toner. The developing cartridge 4a containing yellow toner, the developing cartridge 4b containing magenta toner, the developing cartridge 4c containing cyan toner, and the developing cartridge 4d containing black toner have the same structure. ..

The developing cartridge 4 includes a developing roller 25, a toner supply roller 34 that rotates in contact with the developing roller 25, a developing blade 35 that regulates a toner layer on the developing roller 25, a toner conveying member 36, and a support member for these members. The developing device frame 31 includes a developing frame 31.

The developing device frame 31 is composed of a developing chamber 31f in which the developing roller 25 and a toner supply roller 34 are arranged, and a toner storage chamber 31a provided below the developing chamber 31f, and each chamber is a partition wall 31d. It is partitioned by. Further, the partition wall 31d is provided with an opening 31b through which the toner passes when the toner is conveyed from the toner storage chamber 31a to the developing chamber 31f.

The developing roller 25 and the toner supply roller 34 are rotatably supported by the developing frame body 31 via pre-development bearings and developing back bearings (not shown) as frame bodies, which are provided on both sides in the axial direction of the developing roller. There is. The developing roller 25 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 1 and is rotatable in the arrow B direction. Here, the developing blade 35 is configured to have a restricting portion 35 a that is brought into contact with the developing roller 25 and a supporting portion 35 b that supports the restricting portion 35 a and is fixed to the developing device frame 31. It is located vertically below.

The toner storage chamber 31a of the developing device frame 31 is provided with a toner transport member 36 that rotates in the direction of arrow E to stir the stored toner and transport the toner to the development chamber 31f through the opening 31b. Has been.

(A configuration in which a drum cartridge and a developing cartridge are inserted/installed in the image forming apparatus)
Next, a configuration in which the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 are inserted into the apparatus body 10 of the image forming apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 are inserted from the opening 101 in the direction from the front side to the rear side (the direction parallel to the axial direction of the photoconductor drum 1) indicated by the arrow F in the figure. It is configured to do. In this embodiment, the upstream side in the insertion direction of the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 is defined as the front side, and the downstream side is defined as the back side.

The apparatus main body 10 is provided with a main body mounting upper guide portion 103 which is a first main body guide portion on a vertically upper side, and a main body mounting lower guide portion 102 which is a second main body guide portion on a vertical lower side. ing. The main body mounting upper guide portion 103 and the main body mounting lower guide portion 102 each have a guide shape extending along the insertion direction F of the drum cartridge 26. The drum cartridge 26 is placed on the front side of the main body mounting lower guide portion 102 in the mounting direction, and the drum cartridge 26 is moved in the insertion direction F along the main body mounting upper guide portion 103 and the main body mounting lower guide portion 102 to the apparatus main body 10. The drum cartridge 26 is inserted.

The same applies to the case where the developing cartridge 4 is inserted as the drum cartridge 26. The apparatus body 10 is provided with a body mounting upper guide 105 on the vertically upper side and a body mounting lower guide 104 on the vertically lower side. The developing cartridge 4 is placed on the front side of the main assembly mounting lower guide 104 in the mounting direction, and is moved in the insertion direction F along the main assembly mounting upper guide section 105 and the main assembly mounting lower guide section 104 to transfer the drum cartridge to the apparatus main body 10. Insert 26.

Next, the structure of the collecting member of the developing cartridge 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 6, 7, and 8.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a collecting member that prevents the toner scattered from the developing blade from leaking. FIG. 6 is a plan view seen from A in FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the collecting member, and FIG. 8 is a plan view seen from B of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the collecting member and the developing blade.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the collecting member 50 is disposed on the downstream side of the developing blade 35 in the rotation direction of the developing roller 25 (arrow B), and is provided on the developing blade 35.

The collecting member 50 includes a contact surface 50a, a facing portion 50b, a toner return portion 50c (first portion), and a capturing portion 50d (second portion) in order from the supporting portion 35b side of the developing blade 35 toward the regulating portion 35a side. have. The contact surface 50a is directly or indirectly fixed to the developing blade 35 so that toner does not leak from between the contact surface 50a and the developing blade 35. In this embodiment, the collecting member 50 has a structure in which the contact surface 50a and the developing blade 35 are indirectly fixed with a double-sided tape to suppress toner leakage.

One end of the facing portion 50b is connected to the contact surface 50a and the other end is connected to the toner returning portion 50c, and a bag-passage-shaped accommodating portion 51 having an opening between the toner returning portion 50c and the developing blade 35 is formed. The toner return section 50c is arranged such that the other end extends from one end connected to the facing section 50b toward the developing blade 35, and a gap 50c1 is formed between the other end and the developing blade 35 (accommodation section inlet). The gap 50c1 between the other end of the toner returning portion 50c and the developing blade 35 is the minimum gap between the toner returning portion 50c and the developing blade 35. The take-in portion 50d has one end connected to the toner return portion 50c and the other end extending toward the developing roller 25, and a gap 50d1 larger than the gap 50c1 is formed between the other end and the developing blade 35 (opening entrance). ing. That is, in the present embodiment, the intake portion 50d of the collecting member 50 is such that the distance from the opening inlet to the accommodation portion inlet is a minimum distance from the developing blade 35 and the width of the accommodation portion 51 at the accommodation portion inlet is small. It is configured to be non-parallel to the opposing developing blade 35.

As described above, in this embodiment, the collecting member 50 is arranged vertically above the developing blade 35 so as to overlap with a part of the developing blade 35, and the accommodating portion 51 is formed. At least a part of the developing blade 35 is arranged vertically below the photosensitive drum 1. As a result, the toner removed from the developing roller 25 by the regulating portion 35a of the developing blade 35 is moved along the developing blade 35 from the regulating portion 35a side of the developing blade 35 to the supporting portion 35b side, and the accommodating portion 51 can be stored. Since it is sufficient that the toner is stored on the developing blade 35 and stored in the accommodating portion 51, at least a part of the developing blade 35 is positioned vertically below the photosensitive drum 1 and one of the developing blades 35 is The portion may not be located vertically below the photosensitive drum 1.

Further, in the present embodiment, the toner stored in the containing portion 51 has a structure in which the toner return portion 50c extends toward the developing blade 35, and the gap 50c1 between the toner returning portion 50c and the developing blade 35 is made small. Leakage can be suppressed. On the other hand, however, the take-in portion 50d extends toward the developing roller 25, and a gap 50d1 larger than the gap 50c1 between the toner return portion 50c and the developing blade 35 is provided between the take-in portion 50d and the developing blade 35. did. As a result, it is possible to store a large amount of toner in the containing portion 51 while suppressing the leakage of the toner from the containing portion 51 to the outside.

As described above, in this embodiment, unlike the prior art, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the scattered toner does not leak to the apparatus main body 10 without providing the sheet member that is in sliding contact with the photosensitive drum. Therefore, even when the drum cartridge 26 and the developing cartridge 4 are individually attachable and detachable, the sheet member and the photosensitive drum do not rub against each other and are not damaged. Further, since the photosensitive drum is not damaged, it is not necessary to provide a retracting mechanism for the sheet member. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the scattered toner from leaking to the apparatus main body 10 without increasing the size of the developing cartridge. ..

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the collecting member 50 efficiently collects the toner scattered from the end portion of the regulating portion 35a of the developing blade 35 that contacts the developing roller 25 in the storing portion 51. The recovery surfaces 50f are provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction. In the longitudinal direction (arrow F), the collecting surface 50f is larger than the regulation portion 35a, and extends from the inside of the collecting member 50 to the outside in the longitudinal direction from the support portion 35b side of the developing blade 35 toward the regulation portion 35a side. The inclined surface is formed so as to straddle the end of the regulation portion 35a. As a result, at the longitudinal end portion, the toner removed from the developing roller 25 by the regulating portion 35a can be moved along the collecting surface 50f from the regulating portion 35a side of the developing blade 35 toward the supporting portion 35b side. Therefore, it can be better stored in the storage portion 51.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the toner return portion 50c has an inner wall surface facing the storage portion 51, and the end portion side of the regulating portion 35a of the developing blade 35 is convex so that the toner stored in the storage portion 51 does not leak. It is configured to have a cross section in which a plurality of arcs are connected in the longitudinal direction. When the toner stored in the containing portion 51 moves in the longitudinal direction, the toner hits the toner return portion 50c and exerts a force on the toner from the regulating portion 35a side of the developing blade 35 toward the supporting portion 35b side. You can As a result, it is possible to better prevent the toner from leaking from the storage section 51.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the configuration is such that the arcuate shape in which the end portion side of the restriction portion 35a of the developing blade 35 is convex has a cross section in which a plurality of arc shapes are connected in the longitudinal direction, but the invention is not limited to this. When the toner stored in the storage portion 51 moves along the longitudinal direction, the toner returning portion 50c can apply a force to the toner from the regulating portion 35a side of the developing blade 35 toward the supporting portion 35b side. It should be 50 g. For this reason, the toner return portion 50g may have a cross section having continuous irregularities in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the arc shape shown in FIG. 8 is not limited to the configuration in which a plurality of arc shapes are continuous in the longitudinal direction.

In addition, in this embodiment, the collecting member 50 is provided with a rib 50e projecting in a direction away from the developing blade 35 from the end of the taking-in portion 50d on the developing roller 25 side. More specifically, a rib 50e that extends from the end of the take-in portion 50d on the side of the developing roller 25 toward the photosensitive drum 1 is provided. The rib 50e of the collecting member 50 allows a large amount of toner to be stored in the storage portion 51 even if the toner removed by the regulating portion 35a of the developing blade 35 is scattered on the photosensitive drum 1.

Since the supporting portion 35b of the developing blade 35 supports the regulating portion 35a, a member having a certain strength such as sheet metal is used. Therefore, in this embodiment, a sheet metal is used as the supporting portion 35b. Along with this, in order to prevent the light emitted from the scanner unit 3 from being reflected on the supporting portion 35b and exposing the photosensitive drum 1, the collecting member 50 covers the covering portion 50h so as to cover the supporting portion 35b of the developing blade 35. Provided.

In the above embodiment, for example, the collecting member 50 is indirectly fixed to the developing blade 35 with a double-sided tape to suppress toner leakage. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the collection member 50 and the developing blade 35 may be fixed by a bond or hot melt. Further, the collecting member 50 and the developing blade 35 may be pressed against each other with a screw or the like, and may be brought into direct contact with each other without an interposing adhesive member. As described above, the above embodiment can be variously modified within the scope of the present invention.

1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Photosensitive drum 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Charging roller 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Developing cartridge 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d Cleaning member 7 Elastic member 8 Cleaning Supporting member 9 Transfer belt 17 Cassette 25, 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d Developing roller 26, 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d Drum cartridge 27 Cleaning frame 31 Developing container 34 Toner supplying roller 35 Developing blade 40 Sealing member 50 Collection member 70 Process cartridge 100 Image forming apparatus 101, 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d Opening 102, 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d Main body mounting lower guide 103, 103a, 103b, 103c, 103d Main body mounting upper guide 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d Main body mounting lower guide 105, 105a, 105b, 105c, 105d Main body mounting upper guide

Claims (6)

A developing cartridge that is detachably attached to the main body of the image forming apparatus and supplies a developer to the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
A developer carrier for supplying a developer to the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
A developing frame body for rotatably supporting the developer carrying body ,
A fixing member that is fixed to the developing frame body, at least a part of which is arranged vertically below the developer carrying body, and which regulates the developer on the developer carrying body,
Have
A collecting member arranged vertically above the regulating member so as to overlap a part of the regulating member,
The collecting member is
An opposing portion that opposes the regulation member and that forms an accommodation portion that accommodates the developer between the regulation member;
A first portion extending from one end connected to the facing portion toward the restriction member,
Said lead one end to a part of the other end, extending toward said developer carrying member and the other end is clearance between the restricting member, the minimum clearance between the front Symbol regulating member and the second portion of the other end The second part that becomes larger than
A developing cartridge having: The developing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the collecting member has a rib protruding from the other end of the second portion in a direction away from the regulating member. The regulation member has a regulation portion that comes into contact with the developer carrying member, and a support portion that supports the regulation portion,
The collecting member has a surface inclined from the outer side to the inner side of the accommodating portion at an end portion in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member from the regulating portion side of the regulating member toward the supporting portion side. The developing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the developing cartridge is a developing cartridge. The regulation member has a regulation portion that comes into contact with the developer carrying member, and a support portion that supports the regulation portion,
The first part has a cross section in which a plurality of convex shapes from the supporting portion side of the regulating member to the regulating portion side are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying body. Item 4. The developing cartridge according to any one of items 1 to 3. The developing cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the shape is an arc shape. The restricting member has a restricting portion that comes into contact with the developer carrying member, and a supporting portion that is a sheet metal that supports the restricting portion,
The developing cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the collecting member has a covering portion that covers the supporting portion.

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