JP6344250B2 - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery mounting structure for an electric vehicle.

  In recent years, an electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle that drives a vehicle with a motor is often used. These electric vehicles are equipped with a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery that supplies electric power to a motor for driving the vehicle. Since the cruising distance of these electric vehicles is determined by the capacity of the secondary battery, it is necessary to install a secondary battery with a larger capacity in the vehicle when attempting to increase the cruising distance of the electric vehicle. Become. On the other hand, the secondary battery has an internal resistance, and the temperature rises by charging / discharging, so cooling is necessary. As cooling of the secondary battery, air cooling in which cooling air is supplied to the secondary battery is often used. Cooling air often uses air in the passenger compartment at an appropriate temperature by an air conditioner or the like in the passenger compartment, and the secondary battery is often mounted in the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle together with a cooling blower (for example, Patent Document 1). However, when a large number of secondary batteries are mounted in the vehicle interior in order to increase the cruising distance, there is a problem that the effective space in the vehicle interior is reduced.

In addition, a method has been proposed in which a recess is provided in the floor panel of the luggage space and a secondary battery is mounted in the recess (for example, Patent Document 2). In these cases, the secondary battery is mounted on the upper side of the floor panel, that is, on the passenger compartment side.

JP 2013-116724 A JP 2008-140630 A

  In the conventional electric vehicles described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the secondary battery is mounted in the vehicle interior or luggage space above the floor panel, the effective space such as the vehicle compartment above the floor panel is small. Therefore, there is a problem that a larger number of secondary batteries cannot be mounted.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to allow more secondary batteries to be mounted in an electric vehicle while widely using an effective space such as a passenger compartment.

An electric vehicle according to the present invention is disposed on the lower side of a floor panel of a vehicle body and includes a battery pack including a casing that houses the battery module, and a cooling blower that is disposed on the upper side of the floor panel and supplies cooling air to the battery module. When the air duct for air cooling air into the battery module from the cooling blower, the exhaust gas discharged into the space between the battery module and the casing from the battery module to cool the battery modules An electric vehicle including an exhaust passage that discharges to an upper side of the floor panel , wherein the floor panel has a penetrating portion that penetrates an upper side and a lower side, and the casing is a lower side of the floor panel The air supply duct has a flange that extends upward from the top and is fitted into the inner surface of the penetration portion. The cooling blower on the upper side of the floor panel is connected to the battery module on the lower side of the floor panel, and the exhaust passage is a space between the outer surface of the air supply duct and the inner surface of the flange, and the air supply duct It is a space between the outer surface and the inner surface of the through portion . Thus, by arranging the battery pack under the floor of the electric vehicle, it is possible to widely use an effective space such as a vehicle compartment while mounting many batteries, and to return the exhaust air that has cooled the battery module to the vehicle interior. Can be circulated between the battery pack and the battery pack. Further, in the electric vehicle according to the present invention, the battery pack contains a plurality of the battery modules in the casing, the battery modules are arranged in alignment in the casing, and the air supply duct is A header duct that is disposed between the battery modules in the casing and into which cooling air from the cooling blower flows, and a branch duct that branches from the header duct and guides the cooling air to each battery module. Also good. Thereby, cooling air can be distributed from the air supply duct to the battery module.

  In the electric vehicle according to the present invention, it is preferable that the cooling blower is disposed in a center console disposed on the upper side of the floor panel. Thereby, an effective space such as a passenger compartment in the passenger compartment can be used more widely.

  In the electric vehicle according to the present invention, it is preferable that the cooling blower and the battery pack are arranged at positions overlapping in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. By arranging the battery pack in this way, the overall length of the electric vehicle can be shortened.

  In the electric vehicle according to the present invention, the battery module preferably includes a heat dissipation plate to which a plurality of cylindrical secondary batteries are fixed.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has an effect that more secondary batteries can be mounted while using an effective space such as a passenger compartment in an electric vehicle.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention. It is an elevational view showing a distribution duct for distributing cooling air to each battery module in detail and a connection portion between the battery pack and the floor panel of the electric vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement | positioning of the battery module inside the battery pack of the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention, and the distribution duct which distributes cooling air to each battery module (AA cross section of FIG. 2). It is an elevation view which shows the distribution duct which distributes the arrangement | positioning of the battery module inside the battery pack of the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention, and cooling air to each battery module (BB cross section of FIG. 2). It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the battery module mounted in the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention. It is an assembly perspective view which shows the structure of the battery module mounted in the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the battery module group mounted in the electric vehicle in embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes a front drive mechanism storage space 101, a central compartment 102, and a rear luggage space 103. A motor generator 104 that drives the electric vehicle 100 and a PCU 105 that boosts the DC voltage supplied from the battery module 20 and converts it into AC power that drives the motor generator 104 are stored in the front drive mechanism storage space 101. Has been. The central compartment 102 is an area on the upper side of the floor panel 110, which is partitioned by a front drive mechanism storage space 101 and a partition plate 115, and is partitioned by a partition plate 116 from the rear luggage space 103. . A front seat 106 and a rear seat 107 are attached on the floor panel 110. The portion of the floor panel 110 on which the front seat 106 and the rear seat 107 are mounted is convex upward, and the area of the feet of each seat 106, 107 is convex downward so that the passenger's foot can be extended. ing. As described above, the floor panel 110 between the front wheel 117 and the rear wheel 118 is convex upward at the positions of the sheets 106 and 107 and convex downward (concave) at the positions of the feet of the sheets 106 and 107. It has a shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the portion on which the front seat 106 and the rear seat 107 are mounted is convex above the portion connected to the rockers 131 and 132 disposed on both sides of the vehicle. That is, the portion of the floor panel 110 where the seats 106 and 107 are mounted is also convex upward in the vehicle width direction. The battery pack 10 is fixed by the L-shaped connecting member 12 to the lower side of the floor panel 110 (outside the passenger compartment 102) between the front wheel 117 and the rear wheel 118 that are uneven as described above.

  The battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery modules 20 that supply driving power to the motor generator 104 and a casing 11 that houses the battery modules 20. The battery module 20 includes a plurality of cells. The upper surface of the casing 11 has an uneven shape that matches the uneven shape of the floor panel 110, and the upper surface of the casing 11 that is located below the front seat 106 and below the rear seat 107 is convex upward. The upper surface of the casing 11 located at the foot of the rear seat 107 is convex (concave) downward. The distance between the lower surface of the floor panel 110 and the upper surface of the casing 11 is substantially uniform. Since the bottom plate of the casing 11 is a flat surface, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the front portion (the lower side of the front seat 106) and the rear portion (the lower side of the rear seat 107) of the casing 11 are The height is high, and as shown in FIG. 1, the height is low at the center portion in the front-rear direction (under the foot of the rear seat 107).

  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the battery module 20 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped having a square cross section having substantially the same width and height. As shown in FIG. 1, the battery modules 20 are mounted in the casing 11 in three rows in the longitudinal direction in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle 100, and the width of the electric vehicle 100 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the direction (left-right direction), the battery modules 20 are mounted in six rows in the width direction. Since the front portion (the lower side of the front seat 106) and the rear portion (the lower side of the rear seat 107) of the casing 11 are high in height, the battery module 20 can be moved up and down as shown in FIGS. The battery modules 20 are mounted in two rows in six rows in the width direction. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the battery module 20 is installed at the center portion in the front-rear direction of the casing 11 having a low height (below the feet of the rear seat 107). It has one stage. Therefore, in the lower stage of the battery pack 10 of the electric vehicle 100 of the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction 3 rows × width 6 rows = 18 pieces, and the upper stage 2 rows in the longitudinal direction × 6 width rows = 12 pieces, a total of 30 pieces. A battery module 20 is mounted.

  As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, a distribution duct 50 that distributes the cooling air introduced into the battery pack 10 to each battery module 20 between the battery modules 20 mounted in alignment with the casing 11. Is arranged. The distribution duct 50 includes a header duct 51 into which the cooling air from the cooling blower 40 flows, a branch duct 53 that branches from the header duct 51 and guides the cooling air to the cooling air inlet duct 33 of each battery module 20, and the header duct 51. And a connection duct 54 that connects the branch duct 53 to each other.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a header duct into which cooling air from the cooling blower 40 flows between the battery module 20 mounted on the front portion of the casing 11 and the battery module 20 mounted on the center portion. 51 extends in the vertical direction. Each cooling air inlet duct 33 of each battery module 20 is attached to the rear side of each battery module 20 in the front upper stage and the front lower stage, and the header duct 51 and each cooling air inlet duct 33 are branched. They are connected by a duct 53. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a cooling air inlet duct 33 is also installed in front of the battery module 20 at the center lower stage, and a branch duct 53 is provided between the cooling air inlet duct 33 and the header duct 51. It is connected. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a connection duct 54 that supplies cooling air to the battery module 20 mounted on the rear portion of the casing 11 is disposed on the upper side of the battery module 20 at the center lower stage. One end of the connection duct 54 is connected to the header duct 51 by a flange 55. The other end of the connection duct 54 is connected to the branch duct 53, and the tip of the branch duct 53 is connected to the cooling air inlet duct 33 of each battery module 20 mounted on the rear upper stage and rear lower stage of the casing 11. Yes.

  FIG. 3 shows a battery module 20 mounted on the lower part of the front part and the central part of the casing 11, and a header duct 51 disposed between the battery module 20 mounted on the lower part of the front part and the central part of the casing 11. The branch duct 53 which connects the header duct 51 and the cooling air inlet duct 33 of the battery module 20 is shown. As shown in FIG. 3, two battery modules 20 are grouped in the width direction, and a cooling air flow path 26 is formed between the two battery modules 20 in the group. Accordingly, the cooling air flow path 26 of the battery module 20 is arranged at three locations in the width direction (left and right direction), and the branch duct 53 branches from the vertically extending header duct 51 in a fork shape in the horizontal direction. Yes. Each branch duct 53 and the header duct 51 are integrally formed, and an end portion of each branch duct 53 is connected to each cooling air inlet duct 33 by a flange 34.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a center console 108 is provided at a position where the floor panel 110 is convex between the left and right front seats 106. A cooling blower 40 that supplies cooling air to the battery module 20 is attached in the center console 108. That is, the cooling blower 40 is disposed in a space above the battery pack 10 at a position where the cooling blower 40 and the battery pack 10 overlap in the vehicle front-rear direction. By arranging the cooling blower 40 and the battery pack 10 in this way, the entire length of the electric vehicle 100 can be shortened.

  An air supply duct 41 for supplying cooling air to the inside of the battery pack 10 is connected to the air discharge port of the cooling blower 40. The air supply duct 41 extends from the vehicle compartment 102 into the battery pack 10 attached to the lower side of the floor panel 110 through the through-hole 120 provided in the floor panel 110, and is connected to the battery pack 10 by the flange 52. It is connected to a header duct 51 disposed inside.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the floor panel 110 includes an upper plate 111 constituting the floor of the passenger compartment 102, a lower plate 112 constituting the lower surface of the vehicle body, and intermediate ribs 113. It has rigidity as the bottom of the car body. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the through portion 120 of the floor panel 110 includes a hole in the upper plate 111 and the lower plate 112 and end ribs 114 disposed around the hole. On the front ceiling of the casing 11 of the battery pack 10, a flange 13 fitted into the through portion 120 protrudes. After the flange 13 is fitted into the penetration part 120, the upper end is sealed and fixed to the inner surface of the penetration part 120 by welding or the like, so that outside air does not enter the interior of the vehicle compartment 102 or the battery pack 10. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the outer dimension of the air supply duct 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the through portion 120 and the flange 13, and between the outer surface of the air supply duct 41 and the inner surface of the through portion 120 and the flange 13. Has an exhaust passage (exhaust port).

  Next, the structure of the battery module 20 accommodated in the battery pack 10 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery module 20 includes a plurality of cylindrical batteries 21, a heat dissipation plate 22 that holds the cylindrical batteries 21, and a resin cover 23. The cylindrical battery 21 is a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery, such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery housed in a cylindrical case.

  The heat dissipating plate 22 is a metal plate such as aluminum provided with a number of through holes 22a into which the cylindrical battery 21 is inserted. The cylindrical battery 21 is assembled to the heat dissipation plate 22 by inserting the cylindrical battery 21 into the through hole 22a, and filling the gap between the inner surface (cylindrical surface) of the through hole 22a and the outer surface (cylindrical surface) of the cylindrical battery 21. The cylindrical battery 21 is fixed to the through hole 22a. In this way, by assembling the cylindrical battery 21 into the through hole 22a of the heat dissipation plate 22, the heat from the outer surface (cylindrical surface) of the high temperature cylindrical battery 21 is transferred to the heat dissipation plate 22 by heat conduction to thereby increase the temperature of the cylindrical battery. The temperature of the cylindrical battery 21 is lowered by moving the heat of the heat spreader plate 22 to the low-temperature cylindrical battery 21 by heat conduction. That is, each cylindrical battery 21 is held by each through-hole 22a so that heat can be transferred between each cylindrical surface and the heat dissipating plate 22, and the heat dissipating plate 22 suppresses variations in temperature of each cylindrical battery 21. For this reason, the heat dissipation plate 22 is made of a metal material such as aluminum having a high thermal conductivity so that heat transfer between the cylindrical batteries 21 can be efficiently performed. Further, the thickness of the heat dissipation plate 22 is such that the cylindrical battery 21 can be held by the cylindrical surface of the through hole 22a and the heat transfer can be effectively performed by heat conduction, for example, about 10 to 20 mm. The thickness is about ¼ of the length of the cylindrical battery 21.

  The resin cover 23 includes a ceiling plate 23 a provided with holes through which the electrodes of the cylindrical batteries 21 protrude on the upper surface and a rectangular tube 23 b covering the outer periphery of the plurality of cylindrical batteries 21 assembled to the heat dissipation plate 22. Has been. A plurality of slits 27 are opened in the longitudinal direction surface of the rectangular tube 23b. Further, L-shaped flanges 24 and 25 are respectively formed on the upper side and the lower side of the slit 27 on one longitudinal surface of the square tube 23b (in FIG. 5, the flanges 24 and 25 are formed on the left side surface, (Flanges 24 and 25 are not formed on the right side surface not shown). The flange surface of the upper flange 24 extends upward, and the flange surface of the lower flange 25 extends downward. As shown in FIG. 6, when the cover 23 is attached on the heat dissipation plate 22, the electrode of each cylindrical battery 21 protrudes from the hole in the ceiling plate 23 a of the cover 23.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a metal plate 29 for connecting the upper electrode of each cylindrical battery 21 is attached to the upper side of the hole of the cover 23, and a resin lid 31 is attached thereon. Further, a metal plate 30 for connecting the lower electrode of the cylindrical battery 21 is attached to the lower side of the heat dissipation plate 22, and a metal bottom plate 32 is attached to the lower side thereof.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the right battery module 20 has flanges 24 and 25 formed on the left side surface of the cover 23 as described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. On the other hand, the left battery module 20 has flanges 24 and 25 formed on the right side surface of the cover. The two left and right battery modules 20 are assembled so that the surfaces of the flanges 24 and 25 are aligned. An elastic seal member such as rubber or sponge is sandwiched between the mating surfaces of the flanges 24 and 25. In this way, when the two battery modules 20 are assembled so that the surfaces of the flanges 24 and 25 are aligned, the flanges 24 and 25 and the left and right sides of the covers 23 form a square cooling air flow path 26. To do. A cooling air inlet duct 33 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is attached to the cooling air passage 26. The air that has flowed into the cooling air channel 26 flows into the cover 23 from the slit 27 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to cool the cylindrical battery 21, and then from the slit 27 provided on the opposite side surface of the cover 23. It is discharged outside.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the cooling blower 40 disposed in the upper compartment 102 of the floor panel 110 sucks the air in the compartment 102 and is connected to the air discharge port. Discharge into the duct 41. 2 to 4, arrows indicate the flow of cooling air and exhaust. The cooling air flows from the air supply duct 41 into the header duct 51 arranged in the vertical direction in the battery pack 10 arranged below the floor panel 110. A part of the cooling air flowing into the header duct 51 flows into the cooling air flow path 26 shown in FIG. 7 from the cooling air inlet duct 33 of each battery module 20 through the branch duct 53. Further, a part of the cooling air flows into the rear branch duct 53 connected to the cooling air inlet duct 33 of the battery module 20 disposed in the rear portion of the casing 11 through the connection duct 54. It flows into the cooling air flow path 26 of the battery module 20 arrange | positioned in the rear side part of the casing 11 from the branch duct 53. FIG. The cooling air flowing into each cooling air channel 26 enters the inside of the battery module 20 from the slit 27 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to cool the cylindrical battery 21 shown in FIGS. 27 is exhausted into the casing 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas returns to the upper compartment 102 of the floor panel 110 through a gap between the inner surface of the through portion 120 of the floor panel 110 and the outer surface of the air supply duct 41. The exhaust gas that has returned to the passenger compartment 102 is, for example, cooled by an air conditioner or the like and then sucked into the cooling blower 40 again as cooling air. As described above, the gap between the inner surface of the through portion 120 of the floor panel 110 and the outer surface of the air supply duct 41 serves as an exhaust port for discharging exhaust gas from the battery pack 10 to the vehicle compartment 102. And the air which cools the battery module 20 circulates between the inside of the compartment 102 and the battery pack 10.

  As described above, in the electric vehicle 100 according to the present embodiment, the battery pack 10 that matches the shape of the floor panel 110 is arranged on the lower side of the floor panel 110, and the cooling blower 40 is placed on the center console 108 on the upper side of the floor panel 110. The maximum number of battery modules 20 can be mounted in the space below the limited floor panel 110. Thereby, an effective space such as a passenger compartment can be widely used. Further, the position of the penetration part 120 of the floor panel 110 is set between the battery modules 20 arranged in alignment in the battery pack 10, and the cooling air of the cooling blower 40 is supplied to the battery pack 10 through the penetration part 120. By arranging the air duct 41, the distribution duct 50 and the air supply duct 41 attached in the battery pack 10 can be smoothly connected, and a simple configuration can be achieved. Further, with this configuration, it is possible to equalize the amount of cooling air supplied to each battery module 20 disposed in the front portion, the center portion, and the rear portion of the casing 11. Further, a gap is formed between the outer surface of the air supply duct 41 and the inner surface of the through-hole 120, and this gap is used as an exhaust port for sending exhaust from the battery pack 10 to the vehicle compartment 102. It is only necessary to provide one portion 120, and the structure of the vehicle body becomes simple. Further, in the electric vehicle 100 of the present embodiment, since many battery modules 20 are arranged in one battery pack 10, one electrical component attached to the battery pack 10 such as a system main relay or a joint box is provided. Compared with the case where the battery packs 10 are dispersedly arranged at a plurality of locations, the space for mounting the batteries can be reduced, and an effective space such as a passenger compartment can be widely used.

  In the embodiment described above, the cooling blower 40 is described as being disposed in the center console 108. However, the cooling blower 40 is located above the floor panel 110 in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the battery pack 10, that is, in the vehicle longitudinal direction. What is necessary is just to arrange | position in the position which overlaps in a direction. For example, the header duct 51 is disposed between the battery module 20 mounted on the rear portion of the casing 11 and the battery module 20 mounted on the center portion, and the cooling blower 40 is disposed between the left and right rear seats 107. The through-hole 120 of the floor panel 110 may be disposed under the rear seat 107. In the above-described embodiment, the gap between the penetration part 120 and the air supply duct 41 is described as an exhaust port. For example, another penetration part is provided on the floor panel 110 near the foot of the rear seat 107. 120 may be provided, and the exhaust gas may be exhausted into the passenger compartment 102 from here.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Battery pack, 11 Casing, 12 Connection member, 13 Flange, 20 Battery module, 21 Cylindrical battery, 22 Heat dissipation plate, 22a Through-hole, 23 Cover, 23a Ceiling plate, 23b Square cylinder, 24, 34, 25, 52, 55 Flange, 26 Cooling air flow path, 27 Slit, 29, 30 Metal plate, 31 Lid, 32 Bottom plate, 33 Cooling air inlet duct, 40 Cooling blower, 41 Air supply duct, 50 Distribution duct, 51 Header duct, 53 Branch duct, 54 Connection duct, 100 Electric vehicle, 101 Drive mechanism storage space, 102 Car compartment, 103 Luggage space, 104 Motor generator, 105 PCU, 106 Front seat, 107 Rear seat, 108 Center console, 110 Floor panel, 111 Upper plate 112 Lower plate 11 Ribs 114 end ribs, 115 and 116 partition plate 117 front, 118 rear wheel 120 through portion, 131, 132 rocker.

Claims (5)

A battery pack that is disposed under the floor panel of the vehicle body and includes a casing that houses the battery module;
A cooling blower disposed on the floor panel and supplying cooling air to the battery module;
An air supply duct for supplying cooling air from the cooling blower into the battery module ;
An exhaust vehicle that cools the battery module and exhausts the exhaust discharged from the battery module to a space between the casing and the battery module to the upper side of the floor panel ,
The floor panel has a penetrating portion that penetrates the upper side and the lower side,
The casing has a flange that extends from the lower side of the floor panel toward the upper side and is fitted into the inner surface of the penetration part,
The air supply duct connects the cooling blower on the upper side of the floor panel and the battery module on the lower side of the floor panel through the penetration portion and the flange,
The exhaust flow path is a space between the outer surface of the air supply duct and the inner surface of the flange, and a space between the outer surface of the air supply duct and the inner surface of the penetrating portion;
An electric vehicle characterized by The electric vehicle according to claim 1,
The battery pack contains a plurality of the battery modules in the casing,
  The battery module is arranged in alignment in the casing,
  The air supply duct is disposed between the battery modules in the casing and includes a header duct into which cooling air from the cooling blower flows, and a branch duct that branches from the header duct and guides the cooling air to each battery module. Providing with,
  An electric vehicle characterized by The electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The cooling blower, an electric vehicle that is located in the center console disposed on the upper side of the floor panel. The electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The cooling blower and the battery pack are electric vehicles that are arranged at positions that overlap in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
The battery module is an electric vehicle including a heat dissipation plate to which a plurality of cylindrical secondary batteries are fixed.

Images