JP6313538B2 - Toner for electrostatic latent image development - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrostatic latent image developing toner.

  In a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, carbon black is widely used as a colorant to obtain a black image. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-27481 (Patent Document 1) discloses that a black toner is prepared by blending three or more pigments other than black without using carbon black.

JP-A-5-27481

  The electrostatic latent image developing toner used in the electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a dry developer and a liquid developer. The toner particles of the dry developer contain a resin and a colorant as main components, but the ratio of the colorant contained in the toner particles is usually less than 10% by mass. This ratio is determined by the relationship between the toner particle diameter and the desired image density. This is because the adhesion amount of toner particles on a recording material such as paper, that is, the image film thickness, is usually approximately the thickness of a single toner particle layer, and the particle diameter of the toner particles is reflected in the image density.

  The liquid developer is characterized in that the particle size of the toner particles is smaller than that of the dry developer from the viewpoints of high image quality and safety. The toner particles contained in the liquid developer are also mainly composed of a resin and a colorant. However, in order to ensure the image density on the recording material, the colorant of the colorant corresponding to the decrease in the particle size of the toner particles is obtained. It is necessary to increase the ratio. Accordingly, the toner particles of the liquid developer usually contain a higher proportion of colorant than the toner particles of the dry developer.

  In order to meet the recent demands for high image quality and low cost, it is necessary to increase the ratio of the colorant contained in the toner particles to achieve a high image density without increasing the amount of adhesion.

  However, in the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image for obtaining a black image, when the content of carbon black in the toner particles is increased in order to ensure a sufficient image density, the electric resistance of the toner particles decreases, and the electron There is a problem that transfer failure occurs in photographic image formation. Further, as described in Patent Document 1, a black toner can be prepared by mixing a blue pigment, a yellow pigment, and a red pigment without using carbon black. In such a black toner, Further, there is a problem that the image density becomes weak because the coloring power as black is weak.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and the object of the present invention is to suppress transfer defects even when a colorant is added to toner particles at a high ratio, and to be appropriate. An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image that can obtain an image density.

  The present inventor has conducted extensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, obtained knowledge that it is most effective to use a pigment having a high coloring power as a main component without impairing transferability, and based on this knowledge. The present invention has been completed through further studies.

That is, the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention includes toner particles, the toner particles include a resin and a colorant, and 30 to 50% by mass of the colorant in the toner particle. , and the colorant comprises a first colorant and the second colorant, the first colorant is a brown pigment, said second colorant is an chromatic coloring agent other than brown pigment The first colorant is contained in an amount of 50 to 90% by mass with respect to the total amount of the colorant. I. Pigment Brown 23 and / or C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25.

The second colorant is, for example, an organic pigment. Examples of the organic pigment include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 4, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180, and C.I. I. And at least one selected from the group consisting of Pigment Yellow 185 .

  The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention has an excellent effect that even if a colorant is added to the toner particles at a high ratio, transfer defects can be suppressed and an appropriate image density can be obtained. .

It is a schematic conceptual diagram of a carrier manufacturing apparatus. 1 is a schematic conceptual diagram of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. It is a figure which shows the image used by evaluation of an Example.

  The electrostatic latent image developing toner according to the present invention will be described below. In the drawings of the present invention, dimensional relationships such as length, width, thickness, and depth are changed as appropriate for clarity and simplification of the drawings, and do not represent actual dimensional relationships.

[Electrostatic latent image developing toner]
The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention is a dry developer used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (for example, the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 2) such as a copying machine, a printer, a digital printing machine, or a simple printing machine. It is a liquid developer. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention contains at least toner particles, and may further contain other components generally used for toner for developing an electrostatic latent image. Examples of other components include carriers and external additives.

<Toner particles>
The toner particles contained in the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention contain a resin and a colorant, and may further contain other components generally used for toner particles. Examples of other components include a release agent, a dispersant, a charge control agent, and the like. Hereinafter, each component constituting such toner particles will be described.

(Coloring agent)
The colorant in the toner particles of the present invention contains 50% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the first colorant with respect to the total amount of the colorant. The first colorant is a brown pigment.

  In the present specification, the term “coloring agent” is not limited as long as it is a coloring component unless otherwise specified, and may be a pigment or a dye. Further, in the present specification, when simply referred to as “colorant”, a comprehensive expression including the first colorant as described above and a second colorant described later (an expression representing the entire colorant component contained in the toner particles). And

  As described above, the colorant of the present invention contains 50% by mass or more of the brown pigment which is the first colorant, so that transfer defects do not occur even if the toner particles are contained in a very high concentration, and proper. Excellent image density can be obtained. Furthermore, even after being exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environment for a long time, these excellent effects can be maintained.

The colorant is preferably contained in the toner particles in an amount of 10 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 50% by mass. By including 10% by mass or more of the colorant in the toner particles, an appropriate image density can be obtained even with a small adhesion amount of about 4.0 g / m ² or less. Further, according to the present invention, transfer defects can be suppressed even when the colorant is contained in the toner particles of the dry developer at a high concentration of 10% by mass or more. If the toner particles contain a colorant exceeding 60% by mass, the content of the resin in the toner particles decreases, so that sufficient fixing strength cannot be obtained.

  When the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention is used as a black toner, a second colorant that is a chromatic colorant other than the brown pigment is included together with the brown pigment that is the first colorant. This is because the hue cannot be adjusted with a brown pigment alone, and an appropriate hue as a black toner cannot be obtained.

  The number average primary particle diameter of the pigment contained in the colorant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 nm. When the number average primary particle diameter of the pigment exceeds 200 nm, the color value of the image may be shifted and a desired color may not be obtained. Further, since the dispersibility of the pigment is deteriorated, a desired image density may not be obtained. Hereinafter, each colorant will be described in more detail.

(First colorant)
The first colorant is a brown pigment, preferably C.I. I. Pigment Brown 23, C.I. I. Pigment Brown 24, C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25, at least one selected from the group consisting of Pigment Brown 25, more preferably C.I. I. Pigment Brown 23 and / or C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25. C. I. Pigment Brown 23 and C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25 has an extremely high coloring power and a high electric resistance. Therefore, when blended at a high concentration of 50% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the colorant, the above-described excellent effect is exhibited. That is, even when the toner particles are highly filled with the colorant, the electric resistance is not lowered, and the problem of transfer failure can be prevented. Further, an excellent effect that the image density can be satisfied is shown. Since the hue of the brown pigment is close to that of black, the black toner can be easily adjusted by blending the brown pigment at a high concentration. Further, when the special color toner is adjusted by blending the brown pigment in the ratio specified in the present invention, high transfer efficiency can be realized.

  Content of such a 1st coloring agent is 50-90 mass% with respect to the whole quantity of a coloring agent, Preferably it is 60-80 mass%. When a brown pigment exceeding 90% by mass is contained, it is difficult to adjust the hue, and a desired hue may not be obtained. In particular, it may be difficult to obtain black toner.

  As such a brown pigment, for example, the following commercially available pigments can be used. That is, “PV Fast Brown HFR” (trade name of CI Pigment Brown 25, manufactured by Clariant Japan), “Chrophtal (registered trademark) Brown 5R” (trade name of CI Pigment Brown 23, manufactured by BASF ), “Sicotan YELLOW L1910” (trade name of CI Pigment Brown 24, manufactured by BASF) and the like.

(Second colorant)
The second colorant is a chromatic colorant. In the present specification, “chromatic color” is a color having both saturation and lightness, means a color having a reflection peak at a specific wavelength in the visible light region in a spectral reflection curve, and “chromatic colorant” "Means a colorant exhibiting a chromatic color. Accordingly, “brown pigment” is included in “chromatic colorant”, but in the present invention, the second colorant is “chromatic colorant other than brown pigment”. By including the second colorant, it is possible to adjust to a hue that cannot be realized only by the brown pigment that is the first colorant, and it is also possible to adjust to a black hue without adding carbon black.

  A known chromatic colorant is exemplified as the second colorant. Specific examples of chromatic coloring that can be used in the present invention include C.I. I. Pigment Red (C.I. Pigment Red) 2, C.I. I. Pigment Red 3, C.I. I. Pigment Red 5, C.I. I. Pigment Red 6, C.I. I. Pigment Red 7, C.I. I. Pigment Red 15, C.I. I. Pigment Red 16, C.I. I. Pigment Red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 53: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 60, C.I. I. Pigment Red 63, C.I. I. Pigment Red 64, C.I. I. Pigment Red 68, C.I. I. Pigment Red 81, C.I. I. Pigment Red 83, C.I. I. Pigment Red 87, C.I. I. Pigment Red 88, C.I. I. Pigment Red 89, C.I. I. Pigment Red 90, C.I. I. Pigment Red 112, C.I. I. Pigment Red 114, C.I. I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. I. Pigment Red 123, C.I. I. Pigment Red 139, C.I. I. Pigment Red 144, C.I. I. Pigment Red 149, C.I. I. Pigment Red 150, C.I. I. Pigment Red 163, C.I. I. Pigment Red 166, C.I. I. Pigment Red 170, C.I. I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. I. Pigment Red 178, C.I. I. Pigment Red 184, C.I. I. Pigment Red 202, C.I. I. Pigment Red 206, C.I. I. Pigment Red 207, C.I. I. Pigment Red 209, C.I. I. Pigment Red 222, C.I. I. Pigment Red 238, C.I. I. Pigment Red 269, C.I. I. Pigment Orange (C.I. Pigment Orange) 31, C.I. I. Pigment Orange 43, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow) 12, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 14, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 15, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 83, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 94, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 162, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I. I. Pigment Blue (C.I. Pigment Blue) 2, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 3, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 2, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 4, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 16, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 17, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 62, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 66, C.I. I. Pigment Green (C.I. Pigment Green) 7 and the like are exemplified.

  Examples of the chromatic colorant that can be used in the present invention include C.I. I. Solvent Red (CI Solvent Red) 1, C.I. I. Solvent Red 49, C.I. I. Solvent Red 52, C.I. I. Solvent Red 58, C.I. I. Solvent Red 63, C.I. I. Solvent Red 111, C.I. I. Solvent Red 122, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow (C.I. Solvent Yellow) 2, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 6, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 14, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 15, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 16, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 19, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 21, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 33, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 44, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 56, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 61, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 77, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 79, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 80, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 81, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 82, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 93, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 98, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 103, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 104, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 112, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 162, C.I. I. Solvent Blue (CI Solvent Blue) 25, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 36, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 60, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 70, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 93, C.I. I. Examples thereof include dyes such as Solvent Blue 95.

  From the viewpoint of obtaining a desired hue as a black toner, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, C.I. I. A cyan pigment represented by Pigment Blue 15: 4 and C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. I. It is preferable to include a yellow pigment represented by Pigment Yellow 185. These chromatic colorants can be used alone or in combination of two or more as required.

  As the cyan pigment, for example, the following commercially available pigments can be used. That is, “Fastogen Blue GNPT” (trade name of CI Pigment Blue 15: 3, manufactured by DIC Corporation), “Fastogen Blue GNPS-G” (trade name of CI Pigment Blue 15: 4, manufactured by DIC Corporation) ) And the like. The cyan pigment can be added in an amount of, for example, 5 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the colorant.

  As the yellow pigment, for example, the following commercially available pigments can be used. That is, “Seika First Yellow 2054” (trade name of CI Pigment Yellow 74, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), “Toner Yellow 3GP” (trade name of CI Pigment Yellow 155, manufactured by Clariant Japan) , “Toner Yellow HG” (trade name of CI Pigment Yellow 180, manufactured by Clariant Japan), “PALIOTOL YELLOW D 1155” (trade name of CI Pigment Yellow 185, manufactured by BASF), etc. Can do. The yellow pigment can be added in an amount of, for example, 5 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the colorant.

(Other colorants)
The colorant of the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention may contain a black colorant such as carbon black in addition to the first colorant and the second colorant. When carbon black is contained, it is preferable that it is less than 20 mass% with respect to the whole quantity of a coloring agent from a viewpoint of preventing a transfer defect.

(Contents of first colorant and second colorant)
As described above, the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention contains 50% by mass or more of the first colorant based on the total amount of the colorant. Furthermore, the 2nd coloring agent may be included and the upper limit of the total amount of a 1st coloring agent and a 2nd coloring agent is 100 mass% with respect to the whole quantity of a coloring agent.

(About hue)
Usually, the hue can be expressed in the L ^* a ^* b ^* uniform color space color system defined in JIS Z 8729, L ^* axis, a ^* axis, the values of the b ^* axis. As described above, the black toner can be constituted by the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention. As an ideal hue of a black image, the hue (paper type: coated paper, aspect: black solid color solid portion) shown by Japan Color 2007 for sheet-fed printing can be exemplified.

Generally, the allowable color difference is presented as ΔE <6, and more preferably ΔE <3. ΔE is a color difference between a certain color and another color in the uniform color space of the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system defined in JIS Z 8729, and is L ^* axis, a ^* axis, b ^* axis. Is expressed as the square root of the sum of the squared differences.

  When only the brown pigment which is the first pigment is used as the colorant, the color difference ΔE from the ideal hue of the black image becomes larger than 6, which is not preferable as the black toner. In such a case, it is preferable to add the second colorant because ΔE <6 can be achieved.

(resin)
The resin contained in the toner particles of the present invention can be used without particular limitation as a conventionally known resin as a resin used for this kind of application. For example, polyester resin, acrylic resin, styrene acrylic copolymer resin, urethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, amide resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, aniline resin, urea resin, silicon resin, imide resin, etc. Can be mentioned.

(Release agent)
Wax can be preferably used as the release agent. Examples of the wax that can be used for the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention include the following known waxes. That is, polyolefin waxes such as polyethylene wax and polypropylene wax; long-chain hydrocarbon waxes such as paraffin wax and sazol wax; dialkyl ketone waxes such as distearyl ketone; carnauba wax, montan wax, trimethylolpropane tribe. Henates, pentaerythritol tetramyristate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, pentaerythritol tetrabehenate, pentaerythritol diacetate dibehenate, glycerol tribehenate, 1,18-octadecanediol distearate, trimellitic acid tris Ester waxes such as stearyl and distearyl maleate; Amides such as ethylenediamine dibehenyl amide and trimellitic acid tristearyl amide Box, is exemplified.

  The melting point of the wax is usually 40 to 125 ° C, preferably 50 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 90 ° C. By setting the melting point within the above range, the heat-resistant storage stability of the toner is ensured, and stable toner image formation can be performed without causing cold offset or the like even when fixing at a low temperature. The wax content in the toner particles is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.

(Method for producing toner particles)
The toner particles according to the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be produced by a conventional toner production method. That is, the toner particles are prepared by a so-called pulverization method in which toner particles are prepared through a kneading, pulverization, and classification process, or a so-called polymerization method in which a polymerizable monomer is polymerized and particles are formed while controlling the shape and size. Is possible.

  Among them, the toner production by the polymerization method is a small-diameter toner that can form a desired toner while controlling the shape and size of the particles in the production process, and can faithfully reproduce a minute dot image. It is most suitable for making. The toner particles can be manufactured to have a core-shell structure, for example. The toner particles having a core-shell structure are composed of a core particle made of a resin containing a colorant and a shell made of a resin that coats the surface of the core particle. The core particle and the shell are other components contained in general toner particles. May be included. According to the core-shell structure, it is preferable to add a colorant to the core particle, since the exposure of the colorant to the toner particle surface can be suppressed and the filming resistance can be improved. The toner particles having the core-shell structure are not limited to those having a structure in which the core particles are completely covered by the shell, and the core particles may be partially exposed on the surface.

<External additive>
The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present invention preferably contains an external additive. By adding an external additive to the toner particles, the fluidity of the electrostatic latent image developing toner can be improved. As the external additive, known external additives can be used, and inorganic oxide particles that have been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment such as silica, titania, aluminum oxide, and the like can be used. The addition amount of the external additive is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles.

<Career>
The electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention may contain a carrier as necessary. When the electrostatic latent image developing toner is used as a dry developer, the carrier is not particularly limited, and a known carrier can be used. Specifically, resin-coated carriers described in JP-A Nos. 62-39879 and 56-11461 are preferably used.

  When the electrostatic latent image developing toner is used as a dry developer, it may be a one-component developer composed of one component of toner particles. When a one-component developer is used, it can be used as a magnetic one-component developer containing metal particles in the toner particles or as a non-magnetic one-component developer containing no magnetic metal particles in the toner. it can.

When the electrostatic latent image developing toner is used as a liquid developer, an insulating liquid is used as a carrier. The insulating liquid preferably has a resistance value (10 ¹¹ to 10 ¹⁶ Ω · cm) that does not disturb the electrostatic latent image. Moreover, the thing without an odor and toxicity is preferable.

  Examples of such an insulating liquid include aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, polysiloxanes, and the like. In particular, a normal paraffin solvent and an isoparaffin solvent are preferable in terms of odor, harmlessness, and cost. Specifically, Moresco White (trade name, manufactured by Matsumura Oil Research Co., Ltd.), Isopar (trade name, manufactured by Exxon Chemical), Shellsol (trade name, manufactured by Shell Petrochemical), IP Solvent 1620, IP Solvent 2028 (all are trade names, manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.).

[First Embodiment]
The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present embodiment is a dry developer containing toner particles having a core-shell structure and a resin-coated carrier.

<Toner particles>
As a method for producing toner particles having a core-shell structure, a method in which resin particles are formed in advance by a polymerization method such as an emulsion polymerization method or a suspension polymerization method, and the resin particles are aggregated and fused to form particles is preferable.

In the emulsion polymerization method, toner particles having a core-shell structure are generally prepared through the following procedure. That is,
(1) Preparation process of core resin particle dispersion (2) Preparation process of colorant particle dispersion (3) Aggregation / fusion process of core resin particles (core particle preparation process)
(4) First aging step (5) Shelling step (6) Second aging step (7) Cooling step (8) Washing step (9) Drying step (10) External additive treatment step are sequentially performed.

  In this embodiment, when preparing the core particles, the heating temperature is set higher in the aggregation / fusion process, and the fusion time is set longer, so that the aggregated resin particles have a rounded shape and are smooth at the same time. A smooth surface is formed. Further, by setting the heating temperature in the aging step in which the reaction system is heat-treated subsequent to the aggregation / fusion step to a higher temperature for a longer time, core particles having a smooth surface can be produced.

  A core-shell structure in which the surface of core particles containing a styrene-acrylic copolymer resin is coated with a modified polyester resin in which a styrene-acrylic copolymer molecular chain is molecularly bonded to the end of the polyester molecular chain to form a shell. Each step will be described by taking toner particles having the above as an example.

(1) Preparation process of core resin particle dispersion In this process, a styrene monomer and an acrylate monomer that form the core resin particles are introduced into an aqueous medium together with a surfactant, and dispersed. Polymerization is performed by adding a polymerization initiator to form core resin particles made of a styrene-acrylic copolymer. The volume average particle size of the resin fine particles is preferably 50 to 300 nm. Suitable styrene monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, p- Examples thereof include tert-butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, pn-octyl styrene, pn-nonyl styrene, pn-decyl styrene, pn-dodecyl styrene, and the like.

  Suitable acrylic ester monomers include the following acrylic ester monomers and methacrylic ester monomers. Examples of acrylic ester monomers include the following. It is done. That is, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, Phenyl acrylate, etc. Examples of the methacrylic acid ester monomer include the following. That is, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, Phenyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and the like.

  These acrylic acid ester monomers or methacrylic acid ester monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. That is, forming a copolymer using a styrene monomer and two or more kinds of acrylate monomers, and forming a copolymer using a styrene monomer and two or more kinds of methacrylate monomers Either a styrene monomer, an acrylate monomer and a methacrylic acid ester monomer can be used together to form a copolymer.

(2) Preparation Step of Colorant Particle Dispersion In this step, a colorant is dispersed together with a surfactant in an aqueous medium to prepare a dispersion of colorant particles. The volume average particle size of the colorant particles is preferably 10 to 200 nm.

(3) Aggregation / fusion process of core resin particles (preparation of core particles)
In this step, the above-described resin particles and colorant particles are aggregated in an aqueous medium, and at the same time, these particles are fused to produce core particles. The addition amount of the colorant particles in this step is preferably 10 to 40% by mass in terms of solid content with respect to the total amount of toner particles (including materials added later). In this step, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is added as an aggregating agent to an aqueous medium in which resin particles and colorant particles are mixed, and then heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles. The agglomeration is advanced to simultaneously fuse the resin particles.

  Specifically, the resin particles and the colorant particles produced by the above-described procedure are added to the reaction system, and a coagulant such as magnesium chloride is added to simultaneously aggregate the resin particles and the colorant particles. They are fused together to form aggregated resin particles (core particles). When the size of the core particles reaches the target size, a salt such as saline is added to stop the aggregation. The volume average particle size of the core particles is preferably 3.0 to 7.0 μm.

  In this step, when the heating temperature is set high and the fusing time is set long, the aggregated resin particles (core particles) become rounded and the surface becomes smooth at the same time. In this way, core particles having a smooth surface can be produced.

(4) First aging step In this step, aging is performed until the shape of the core particles is changed to a desired shape by heat-treating the reaction system subsequent to the aggregation / fusion step. Even in this step, it is possible to produce core particles with a smooth surface by setting the heating temperature higher and setting the treatment time longer.

(5) Shelling step In this step, a shell is formed by adding resin particles for shell formation to the dispersion of core particles formed in the first ripening step and covering the surface of the core particles with the resin particles. To do. In this embodiment, resin particles of modified polyester obtained by molecularly bonding styrene acrylic copolymer molecular chains to the ends of the polyester molecular chains are added in this step to form a shell containing the modified polyester. As a suitable polyester molecule used here, a polyester molecule having a structure in which a styrene acrylic copolymer molecular chain (also referred to as a styrene acrylic copolymer segment) is molecularly bonded to a polyester molecular chain (also referred to as a polyester segment) can be exemplified. . Among them, the styrene-acrylic copolymer segment content is preferably 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less. Here, the content ratio of the styrene acrylic copolymer segment in the styrene acrylic modified polyester molecule is also called “styrene acrylic modified amount”, and the ratio (mass ratio) of the styrene acrylic copolymer segment in the styrene acrylic modified polyester molecule. It is. Specifically, it means the ratio of the polymerizable monomer mass used for forming the styrene acrylic copolymer to the total mass of polymerizable monomers used when synthesizing the styrene acrylic modified polyester resin. By setting the “styrene acrylic modification amount” within the above range, the above-described shell can be more reliably formed.

  By using a modified polyester with a styrene-acrylic copolymer molecular chain bonded to a polyester molecular chain as a shell-forming resin, it produces a suitable bond with the core particle surface to form a strong bond. it is conceivable that. Further, since moderate dispersibility acts between the shell-forming resin particles, aggregation between the shell-forming resin particles hardly occurs, and it is considered that a thin shell is formed on the surface of the core particles. In this way, toner particles having a core-shell structure are formed. The amount of the modified polyester resin particles added in the shelling step is preferably selected so that the thickness of the formed shell is about 20 to 500 nm. Specifically, the addition amount of the resin particles for forming the shell is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the total amount of toner particles in terms of solid content.

(6) Second ripening step In this step, following the shelling step, the reaction system is heat-treated to reinforce the coating of the shell on the core surface, and until the toner particles have a desired shape. Aging is performed.

(7) Cooling step In this step, the toner particle dispersion is cooled (rapidly cooled). As cooling treatment conditions, cooling is preferably performed at a cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./min. The cooling treatment method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of cooling by introducing a refrigerant from the outside of the reaction vessel, and a method of cooling by directly introducing cold water into the reaction system.

(8) Washing step In this step, the toner particles are solid-liquid separated from the toner particle dispersion that has been cooled to a predetermined temperature in the above step, and the surface of the toner particles that have been solid-liquid separated into wet cake-like aggregates. Washing is performed to remove deposits such as surfactants and flocculants. In the washing treatment, the washing treatment is performed until the electrical conductivity of the filtrate reaches a level of, for example, 10 μS / cm. As the filtration method, there are known processing methods such as a centrifugal separation method, a vacuum filtration method using Nutsche, etc., a filtration method using a filter press, etc., and there is no particular limitation.

(9) Drying step In this step, the washed toner particles are dried to obtain dried toner particles. Examples of the dryer used in this step include known dryers such as spray dryers, vacuum freeze dryers, and vacuum dryers, stationary shelf dryers, mobile shelf dryers, fluidized bed dryers, and rotating dryers. It is also possible to use a type dryer, a stirring type dryer or the like. The amount of water contained in the dried toner particles is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less. In addition, when the toner particles subjected to the drying treatment are aggregated with a weak interparticle attractive force, the aggregate may be crushed. Here, as the crushing processing apparatus, a mechanical crushing apparatus such as a jet mill, a Henschel mixer, a coffee mill, or a food processor can be used.

(10) External additive treatment step In this step, after the toner particles are dried, external additives are added and mixed as necessary to add the external additives to the toner particle surfaces. As the external additive, a monodispersed spherical particle external additive having a number average primary particle size of 5 nm to 150 nm is preferably used. In this specification, the toner particles before adding the external additive may be referred to as “toner base particles” and the toner particles after the external additive may be added as “external additive added toner particles”. is there. In this specification, the mass of the toner particles is the mass of the “toner base particles”.

  Through the above steps, core-shell toner particles can be produced by an emulsion polymerization method. In the above step, the core particles that are not subjected to the shelling step can be used as they are as the toner particles of the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention.

  Next, an aggregating agent, a polymerization initiator, a dispersion stabilizer, a surfactant and the like used when the toner particles according to the exemplary embodiment are produced by an emulsion polymerization method will be described.

(Flocculant)
In the aggregation / fusion step (3) of the core resin particles, it is preferable to aggregate the resin particles, the colorant particles, and the like using an aggregating agent. Although the flocculant which can be used in this embodiment is not specifically limited, What is selected from a metal salt is used suitably. For example, monovalent metal salts such as alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium, for example, divalent metal salts such as calcium, magnesium, manganese and copper, and trivalent metals such as iron and aluminum. There is salt. Specific examples of the salt include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate. Among these, divalent metal is particularly preferable. It is salt. When a divalent metal salt is used, agglomeration can be promoted with a smaller amount. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Polymerization initiator)
In the step (1) of preparing the resin particle dispersion for core, when resin particles are formed using a vinyl polymerizable monomer, a known oil-soluble or water-soluble polymerization initiator can be used. Specific examples of the oil-soluble polymerization initiator include the following azo or diazo polymerization initiators and peroxide polymerization initiators. 2,2'-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1'-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2 ' -Azo or diazo polymerization initiators such as azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile; benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumene hydroperoxide, t -Butyl hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 2,2-bis- (4,4-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane , Tris- (t-Butylperu Shi) peroxide polymerization initiator such as triazine, and the like.

  Moreover, when forming resin particles by an emulsion polymerization method, a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator can be used. Examples of the water-soluble polymerization initiator include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, azobisaminodipropane acetate, azobiscyanovaleric acid and its salts, hydrogen peroxide and the like.

  A known chain transfer agent can also be used for adjusting the molecular weight of the resin particles. Specific examples include octyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, n-octyl-3-mercaptopropionic acid ester, terpinolene, carbon tetrabromide, and α-methylstyrene dimer.

(Dispersion stabilizer)
In this embodiment, in the aggregation / fusion step (3) of the core resin particles, toner particles are produced by aggregating and fusing resin particles, colorant particles, and the like dispersed in an aqueous medium. In this step, it is preferable to use a dispersion stabilizer that stably disperses the toner particle material in the aqueous medium. Examples of the dispersion stabilizer include tricalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc phosphate, aluminum phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium metasilicate, calcium sulfate, Examples include barium sulfate, bentonite, silica, and alumina. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ethylene oxide adduct, higher alcohol sodium sulfate and the like which are generally used as surfactants can also be used as the dispersion stabilizer.

(Surfactant)
In this embodiment, the polymerizable monomer dispersed in the aqueous medium is polymerized in the preparation step (1) of the core resin particle dispersion. In this step, it is preferable to use a surfactant to uniformly disperse the oil droplets of the polymerizable monomer in the aqueous medium. Although the surfactant used here is not particularly limited, for example, the following ionic surfactants can be preferably used. Examples of the ionic surfactant include a sulfonate, a sulfate ester salt, and a fatty acid salt.

  Suitable sulfonates include, for example, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium arylalkyl polyether sulfonate, 3,3-disulfone diphenylurea-4,4-diazo-bis-amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid Examples include sodium, sodium o-carboxybenzene-azo-dimethylaniline, sodium 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-triphenylmethane-4,4-diazo-bis-β-naphthol-6-sulfonate.

  Suitable sulfate ester salts include, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium pentadecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, and the like, and fatty acid salts include sodium oleate, sodium laurate, sodium caprate, Examples include sodium caprylate, sodium caproate, potassium stearate, calcium oleate and the like.

  Nonionic surfactants can also be used. Specifically, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, a combination of polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxide, ester of polyethylene glycol and higher fatty acid, alkylphenol polyethylene oxide, higher fatty acid and polyethylene glycol And esters of higher fatty acids and polypropylene oxide, sorbitan esters and the like.

<Resin coat carrier>
The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image of the present embodiment is a two-component developer and includes a resin-coated carrier together with toner particles. The resin-coated carrier is preferably formed by coating the surface of magnetic core particles (hereinafter also referred to as core particles) with a resin, and the carrier volume average particle size is 25 μm or more and 50 μm or less. The resin-coated carrier can stably exhibit good charge imparting performance to the toner particles by the resin coat layer formed on the carrier surface.

  The resin-coated carrier can be manufactured using, for example, a carrier manufacturing apparatus which is a horizontal rotary blade type mixing apparatus whose schematic conceptual diagram is shown in FIG. In the carrier manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1, the core material particles and the resin particles are mixed and stirred to cause the resin particles to electrostatically adhere to the surface of the core material particles, and stress is applied while heating the core material particles to which the resin particles are adhered. Then, the resin particles are spread and coated on the surface of the magnetic core material particles to prepare a resin-coated carrier.

  The carrier manufacturing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 1 has a container main body 51 corresponding to a mixing tank, and the peripheral surface of the container main body 51 is covered with a temperature adjusting jacket 57 to a height of approximately 3/4. A bottom portion (also referred to as a container bottom portion) 51a of the container body 51 has a rotary blade 58 for stirring and an outlet 60 for taking out the produced resin-coated carrier. A discharge valve 61 is disposed at the outlet 60. Yes. A main body upper lid 52 is provided on the upper surface of the container main body 51, and a raw material inlet 54 and a filter 55 are provided on the main body upper lid 52, and a discharge valve 64 is provided between the filter 55 and the container upper lid 52. And an in-container outlet 63 is provided at the tip of the filter 55.

  Core material particles and resin particles, which are raw materials for producing the resin-coated carrier, are supplied into the container body 51 from the raw material inlet 54. In addition, the inside of the container main body 51 that actually manufactures the resin-coated carrier is referred to as a chamber, and a thermometer 56 that measures the temperature of the chamber is disposed on the peripheral surface of the container main body 51.

  The rotary blade 58 described above is rotated by a motor 62 as a driving means to stir the core material particles and the resin particles. The central blade 58d of the rotary blade 58 has a stirring blade 58a, 58b at an angular interval of 120 °. And 58c are bonded. These stirring blades are attached to be inclined with respect to the surface of the bottom portion 51a. When the stirring blades 58a, 58b and 58c are rotated at high speed, the raw materials such as the core particles and the resin particles are scraped upward, It collides with the upper inner wall of the container 51 and falls.

  The motor 62 that rotates the rotary blade 58 that is the stirring means is connected to a control means (not shown) represented by a computer, and the control means controls the operation of the motor 62 by a stored program.

The carrier manufacturing apparatus 50 in FIG. 1 controls the operation of the rotary blade 58 described above, for example, an operation of electrostatically attaching the resin particles to the surface of the core material particles, and the resin particles that are electrostatically attached to the core material. The operation of strongly adhering to the particle surface can be performed in stages. The carrier manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 can produce a resin-coated carrier through at least the following steps. That is,
(1) Stirring and mixing the core material particles and the resin particles at room temperature, and attaching the resin particles to the surface of the core material particles by the action of static electricity (2) While heating the chamber above the glass transition temperature of the resin particles A step of applying a mechanical impact force to spread and coat the resin particles on the surface of the core particles to form a resin coat layer (3) A step of cooling the chamber to room temperature is sequentially performed.

  By undergoing at least the steps (1) to (3), a resin-coated carrier having a structure in which the core particle surface is coated with a resin can be produced. In addition, the steps (1) to (3) can be repeated a plurality of times as necessary.

  Examples of the core material particles include iron powder, magnetite, various ferrite-based particles, and those obtained by dispersing them in a resin. Magnetite and various ferrite particles are preferred. As the ferrite, ferrite containing heavy metals such as copper, zinc, nickel and manganese and light metal ferrite containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals are preferable.

  As resin particles for coating, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene; polyacrylates such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polychlorinated Polyvinyl and polyvinylidene resins such as vinyl, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl ether, and polybiliketones; copolymers such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers and styrene-acrylic acid copolymers; silicone resins composed of organosiloxane bonds or modifications thereof Resin (for example, alkyd resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, modified resin with polyurethane); polytetrachloroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, poly Fluoride, poly chloro triflupromazine Lol ethylene and fluorine resins, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates; - urea amino resins such as formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and the like are used.

  More preferably, an alkyl methacrylate type in which alkyl groups are branched into 2 to 3 grades can optimize the water content and keep the charge holding ability high. Here, the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably 3 to 8, and more preferably the alkyl group has a cyclic structure. This is because by selecting a resin having this structure, the charge imparting ability of the carrier and the glass transition temperature of the coating layer can be kept in a more appropriate range. Specific examples of the compound include 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and cycloheptyl methacrylate. Among these, cyclohexyl methacrylate is particularly preferable.

[Image forming apparatus]
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus that can be used when the toner for developing an electrostatic latent image according to the present invention is a two-component dry developer.

  In FIG. 2, 11Y, 11M, 11C and 11K are photosensitive members, 14Y, 14M, 14C and 14K are developing devices, 15Y, 15M, 15C and 15K are primary transfer rolls as primary transfer means, and 15A is a secondary transfer roller. Secondary transfer rolls as means, 16Y, 16M, 16C and 16K are cleaning devices, 7 is an intermediate transfer member unit, 24 is a heat roll type fixing device, and 70 is an intermediate transfer member.

  This image forming apparatus is called a tandem color image forming apparatus, and includes a plurality of sets of image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K, an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7 as a transfer unit, and a recording member P. It has an endless belt-like paper feeding and conveying means 21 for conveying and a heat roll type fixing device 24 as a fixing means. A document image reading device SC is disposed on the upper part of the main body A of the image forming apparatus.

  An image forming unit 10Y that forms a yellow image as one of the different color toner images formed on each photoconductor is arranged around a drum-shaped photoconductor 11Y as a first photoconductor, and around the photoconductor 11Y. The charging unit 12Y, the exposure unit 13Y, the developing unit 14Y, a primary transfer roll 15Y as a primary transfer unit, and a cleaning device 16Y are included.

  The cleaning device 16Y is preferably provided with a cleaning blade which is a main cleaning member and a cleaning roller which is brought into contact with the transfer residual toner before the transfer residual toner is removed by the cleaning blade. The cleaning roller is preferably a core whose surface is covered with an elastic body such as silicone rubber or urethane foam. The cleaning roller may be driven in contact with the photosensitive member, but a roller driven at a speed 1.1 to 2.0 times the peripheral speed of the photosensitive member generates filming without deteriorating the surface of the photosensitive member. Since it can prevent, it is preferable.

  In addition, an image forming unit 10M that forms a magenta image as one of toner images of different colors is a drum-shaped photoconductor 11M as a first photoconductor, and a charge disposed around the photoconductor 11M. Means 12M, exposure means 13M, developing means 14M, primary transfer roll 15M as primary transfer means, and cleaning device 16M. The cleaning device 16M may have the same configuration as the cleaning device 16Y described above. Further, an image forming unit 10C that forms a cyan image as one of toner images of different colors is a drum-shaped photoconductor 11C as a first photoconductor, and a charge disposed around the photoconductor 11C. Means 12C, exposure means 13C, developing means 14C, primary transfer roll 15C as primary transfer means, and cleaning device 16C. The cleaning device 16C may have the same configuration as the cleaning device 16Y described above.

  Further, an image forming unit 10K that forms a black image as one of other different color toner images includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 11K as a first photoconductor, and a charging device disposed around the photoconductor 11K. Means 12K, exposure means 13K, developing means 14K, primary transfer roll 15K as primary transfer means, and cleaning device 16K. The cleaning device 16K preferably has the same configuration as the cleaning device 16Y described above.

  The endless belt-like intermediate transfer body unit 7 has an endless belt-like intermediate transfer body 70 as an intermediate transfer endless belt-like second image carrier that is wound around a plurality of rolls and is rotatably supported.

  The respective color images formed by the image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K are sequentially transferred onto the rotating endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 by the primary transfer rolls 15Y, 15M, 15C, and 15K, and synthesized. A colored image is formed. A recording member P such as a sheet as a transfer material accommodated in the sheet feeding cassette 20 is fed by the sheet feeding / conveying means 21, passes through a plurality of intermediate rolls 22 A, 22 B, 22 C, 22 D, and a registration roll 23, and is secondary. A color image is transferred onto the recording member P at a time by being conveyed to a secondary transfer roll 15 </ b> A as a transfer unit. The recording member P to which the color image has been transferred is fixed by the heat roll type fixing device 24, is sandwiched by the paper discharge roll 25, and is placed on the paper discharge tray 26 outside the apparatus.

  On the other hand, after the color image is transferred to the recording member P by the secondary transfer roll 5A, the residual toner is removed by the cleaning device 16A from the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 in which the recording member P is separated by curvature. The cleaning device 16A is preferably provided with a cleaning blade which is a main cleaning member, and a cleaning roller which is brought into contact with the residual toner before the residual toner is removed by the cleaning blade. The cleaning roller is preferably a core whose surface is covered with an elastic body such as silicone rubber or urethane foam. The cleaning roller may be driven in contact with the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70, but the one driven at a speed 1.1 to 2.0 times the peripheral speed of the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 is an endless belt. This is preferable because filming can be prevented without deteriorating the surface of the intermediate transfer member 70.

  During the image forming process, the primary transfer roll 15K is always in pressure contact with the photoreceptor 11K. The other primary transfer rolls 15Y, 15M, and 15C are in pressure contact with the corresponding photoreceptors 11Y, 11M, and 11C, respectively, only during color image formation.

  The secondary transfer roll 5A comes into pressure contact with the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 only when the recording member P passes through the secondary transfer roll 5A and secondary transfer is performed.

  In this way, a toner image is formed on the photoconductors 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K by charging, exposing, and developing, and the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed on the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70, and are collectively applied to the recording member P. The image is transferred and fixed by the fixing device 24 by pressing and heating. The photoconductors 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K after transferring the toner image to the recording member P are cleaned by the cleaning devices 16Y, 16M, 16C, and 16K after the toner remaining on the photoconductor is transferred and then charged as described above. Then, the exposure and development cycles are entered, and the next image formation is performed.

  The full-color image forming method using a non-magnetic one-component developer can be performed by, for example, developing the developing means 14Y, 14M, 14C, and 14K for the two-component developer described above for a known non-magnetic one-component developer. This can be realized by using an exchanged image forming apparatus.

  The recording member P used at the time of image formation is not particularly limited as long as a toner image can be formed by an electrophotographic image forming method. Specific examples of the recording member P include known ones such as plain paper from thin paper to thick paper, high-quality paper, art paper, coated printing paper such as coated paper, commercially available Japanese paper and postcards. Examples include paper, plastic films for OHP, and cloth.

  In addition, the fixing method that can be performed by the image forming method using the electrostatic latent image developing toner according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be handled by a known fixing method. Known fixing methods include a roller fixing method comprising a heating roller and a pressure roller, a fixing method comprising a heating roller and a pressure belt, a fixing method comprising a heating belt and a pressure roller, and a heating belt and a pressure belt. There are belt fixing methods, and any method may be used. As the heating method, any known heating method such as a halogen lamp method or an IH fixing method can be employed.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these. In the examples, “parts” means “parts by mass” unless otherwise specified.

[Example 1]
In Example 1, the dry developer of the first embodiment, that is, a dry developer composed of toner particles having a core-shell structure and a resin-coated carrier was prepared.

<Preparation of external additive particles 1>
Silica particles were produced as external additive particles 1 by the following procedure using the sol-gel method. In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a dropping funnel and a thermometer,
Methanol 625 parts by weight Water 40 parts by weight 28% by weight Ammonia water 50 parts by weight were added to prepare a methanol-water mixed solvent containing ammonia water. While adjusting the temperature of the mixed solvent to 35 ° C. and stirring,
Tetramethoxysilane 1160 parts by mass 5.4% by mass Aqueous ammonia 420 parts by mass was added dropwise to the mixed solvent. These compounds were simultaneously added dropwise, tetramethoxysilane was added dropwise over 6 hours, and 5.4 mass% aqueous ammonia was added dropwise over 5 hours.

  Stirring is continued for 1 hour after the completion of the dropwise addition of tetramethoxysilane, the hydrolysis reaction proceeds at a temperature of 35 ° C., and then the silica fine particles are dispersed in the methanol-water mixed solvent through a centrifugal separation operation. A silica fine particle dispersion was prepared.

Next, after adding 3 mol of hexamethyldisilazane to 1 mol of silica fine particles (SiO ₂ ) in the silica fine particle dispersion, the silica fine particles are heated at 60 ° C. and subjected to a reaction treatment for 3 hours. Hydrophobization treatment was performed. After performing the reaction treatment for 3 hours, the methanol-water mixed solvent is distilled off from the dispersion under reduced pressure to obtain hydrophobic silica particles (external additive particles 1) having a number average primary particle size of 100 nm. It was.

<Preparation of external additive particles 2>
Next, as external additive particles 2 to be added to the toner base particles together with the above external additive particles, commercially available metal oxide particles (number average primary particle size 7 nm, BET value 300, hexamethyldisilazane hydrophobized) Treated silica particles) were prepared.

<Preparation of toner base particles>
(Preparation of core resin particle A)
(1) First-stage polymerization A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen introducing device is combined with 2 parts by mass of anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and 2900 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water. Was added to prepare an aqueous surfactant solution. The temperature was raised to 80 ° C. while stirring the surfactant aqueous solution under a nitrogen stream at a stirring speed of 230 rpm.

After the temperature increase, an initiator solution in which 9 parts by mass of potassium persulfate (KPS) is dissolved in 200 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water is added, the liquid temperature of the surfactant aqueous solution is set to 78 ° C., and the following compounds are contained. The monomer mixture was added dropwise over 3 hours. That is,
Styrene 540 parts by weight n-butyl acrylate 270 parts by weight Methacrylic acid 65 parts by weight After dropping and heating and stirring at 78 ° C. for 1 hour, polymerization reaction (first stage polymerization) is carried out to disperse “resin fine particles A1”. A liquid was prepared.
(2) Second-stage polymerization Next, 1100 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water and 2 parts by mass of sodium lauryl sulfate were introduced into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen introducing device, and the interface was introduced. An aqueous activator solution was prepared and heated to 90 ° C. After heating, 28 parts by mass of the above-prepared “resin fine particles A1” and the following monomer mixture are added to the surfactant aqueous solution, and a mechanical dispersion device having a circulation path (trade name) : “CLEAMIX” manufactured by M Technique Co., Ltd.) for 4 hours to prepare a dispersion containing emulsified particles having a volume average particle diameter of 350 nm.

The monomer mixed solution contains the following compound. That is,
Styrene 94 parts by weight n-butyl acrylate 60 parts by weight Methacrylic acid 11 parts by weight n-octyl mercaptan 5 parts by weight Pentaerythritol tetrabehenate 51 parts by weight Pentaerythritol tetrabehenate, which is a wax having an ester bond as a release agent, is added after dissolving the above monomer and the chain transfer agent n-octyl mercaptan, and heated to 85 ° C. to dissolve. I let you. An initiator solution in which 2.5 parts by mass of potassium persulfate (KPS) is dissolved in 110 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water is added to the emulsified particle dispersion, and the system is heated and stirred at 90 ° C. for 2 hours. A polymerization reaction (second stage polymerization) was performed to prepare a dispersion of “resin fine particles A2.”

(3) Third-stage polymerization Next, an initiator solution in which 2.5 parts by mass of potassium persulfate (KPS) was dissolved in 110 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water in the dispersion of “resin fine particles A2” was added, The liquid temperature was set to 80 ° C., and a monomer mixed solution containing the following compound was added dropwise over 1 hour. That is,
Styrene 230 parts by mass n-butyl acrylate 100 parts by mass n-octyl mercaptan A monomer mixture consisting of 13 parts by mass was added dropwise, followed by heating and stirring at 80 ° C. for 3 hours to effect a polymerization reaction (third stage polymerization). ) Then, it cooled to 28 degreeC and produced the dispersion liquid of "resin particle A for cores".

  The “core resin particle A” produced by the above procedure is a styrene acrylic copolymer formed by setting the mass ratio of n-butyl acrylate, which is a polymerizable monomer having an ester bond, to 31% by mass, and has a glass transition temperature. Was 43 ° C.

(Preparation of resin particle B for shell)
A dispersion of resin particles for a shell containing a styrene acrylic modified polyester resin in which a styrene acrylic copolymer molecular chain was molecularly bonded to the end of the polyester molecular chain was prepared by the following procedure. That is, to a reaction vessel equipped with a nitrogen introducing device, a dehydrating tube, a stirring device and a thermocouple,
Bisphenol A propylene oxide 2-mole adduct 500 parts by weight Terephthalic acid 154 parts by weight Fumaric acid 45 parts by weight Tin octylate 2 parts by weight are charged, a polycondensation reaction is performed at 230 ° C. for 8 hours, and further at 8 kPa for 1 hour. After continuing the polycondensation reaction, it was cooled to 160 ° C. In this way, polyester molecules were formed.

Next, 10 parts by mass of acrylic acid was added at a temperature of 160 ° C., mixed and held for 15 minutes, and then a mixture of the following compounds was added dropwise over 1 hour with a dropping funnel. That is,
Styrene 30 parts by mass n-butyl acrylate 7 parts by mass Polymerization initiator (di-t-butyl peroxide) After dropwise addition of 10 parts by mass, the addition polymerization reaction was carried out for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 160 ° C, and then 200 ° C. The temperature was raised to 10 kPa and held for 1 hour. In this way, “styrene acrylic modified polyester resin B1” having a styrene acrylic copolymer molecular chain content of 20 mass% was produced.

  Next, 100 parts by mass of the above-mentioned “styrene acrylic modified polyester resin B1” was pulverized by a commercially available pulverization apparatus (trade name: “Landel Mill”, model: RM, manufactured by Tokuju Kogakusha Co., Ltd.). Subsequently, an ultrasonic homogenizer (trade name: “US-150T, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho”) is mixed with 638 parts by mass (concentration: 0.26% by mass) of sodium lauryl sulfate solution prepared in advance and stirring. Was used, and was subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 30 minutes at V-LEVEL, 300 A. In this manner, a dispersion of “resin particles B for shell” having a volume average particle diameter of 250 nm was prepared.

(Preparation of dispersion of colorant particles C)
While stirring a solution prepared by dissolving 90 parts by mass of sodium dodecyl sulfate in 1600 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water,
First colorant: C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25 (trade name: “PV Fast Brown HFR”, manufactured by Clariant Japan) 252 parts by mass Second colorant: C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3 (phthalocyanine blue pigment) (trade name: “Fastogen Blue GNPT”, manufactured by DIC Corporation) 42 parts by mass Second colorant: C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180 (trade name: “Toner Yellow HG, manufactured by Clariant Japan Co., Ltd.) 126 parts by mass was gradually added. Then, dispersion processing was performed using a stirrer (trade name:“ Claremix, manufactured by M Technique Co., Ltd.). By doing so, a dispersion of colorant particles C was prepared.

(Preparation of toner base particles)
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, temperature sensor, cooling pipe, nitrogen introduction device,
Dispersion liquid of core resin particle A 270 parts by mass (solid content conversion)
Ion-exchanged water 13470 parts by weight Colorant particle C dispersion 129 parts by weight (in terms of solid content)
Was introduced. Further, a dispersion stabilizer solution in which 3 parts by mass of sodium polyoxyethylene-2-dodecyl ether sulfate was dissolved in 120 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added to bring the liquid temperature to 30 ° C., and then 5 mol / liter sodium hydroxide. The pH was adjusted to 10 by adding an aqueous solution.

  Next, an aqueous flocculant solution in which 35 parts by mass of magnesium chloride hexahydrate was dissolved in 35 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added over 10 minutes at 30 ° C. with stirring, and held for 3 minutes after the addition. The temperature started to increase. The temperature was raised to 90 ° C. over 60 minutes, and the particles were aggregated and fused while maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C.

In this state, a particle size distribution measuring device (trade name: “Multisizer 3”, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) is used to measure the particle size of the aggregated particles growing in the reaction vessel, and the volume average particle size is 4.2 μm. When it becomes
30 parts by mass of resin particle B dispersion for shell (in terms of solid content)
Was added and stirring was continued until the resin particles B for shells adhered to the surface of the aggregated particles. Then, a small amount of the reaction solution was taken out and centrifuged, and when the supernatant became transparent, an aqueous solution in which 150 parts by mass of sodium chloride was dissolved in 600 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added to stop particle growth. Furthermore, as the aging treatment, the liquid temperature was set to 90 ° C., and the mixture was heated and stirred to promote particle fusion. In this state, particle fusion was advanced until the average circularity reached 0.965 as measured by a particle image analyzer (trade name: “FPIA-2100”, manufactured by Sysmex Corporation).

  Thereafter, the liquid temperature was cooled to 30 ° C., the pH of the liquid was adjusted to 2 using hydrochloric acid, and stirring was stopped. In this manner, a dispersion of toner base particles was prepared. The toner base particle dispersion prepared through the above steps is subjected to solid-liquid separation with a basket-type centrifuge (trade name: “MARKIII”, model number: 60 × 40, manufactured by Matsumoto Machine Co., Ltd.), and toner base particles are obtained. A wet cake was formed. This wet cake was washed with ion exchange water at 45 ° C. until the electric conductivity of the filtrate reached 5 μS / cm using the basket-type centrifuge. Thereafter, the toner is transferred to a dryer (trade name: “Flash Jet Dryer”, manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) and dried until the water content becomes 0.5% by mass, and the toner having a volume average particle diameter of 4.5 μm. Base particles were prepared. The volume average particle size was measured by a particle size distribution measuring device (trade name: FPIA-2100, manufactured by Sysmex Corporation).

  As described above, the toner base particles are 270 parts by mass of the dispersion of the core resin particles A in terms of solids, 129 parts by mass of the dispersion of the colorant particles C in terms of solids, and the dispersion of the resin particles B for shells. Therefore, the total content of the colorant in the toner particles (toner base particles) is 30% by mass.

<Preparation of externally treated toner particles>
To 100 parts by mass of the toner base particles prepared above, 1.0 part by mass of the external additive particles 1 prepared above and 1.5 parts by mass of the external additive particles 2 are added, and a Henschel mixer (commercial product) is added. Name: “FM10B” (manufactured by Mitsui Miike Chemical Co., Ltd.), the peripheral speed of stirring blades was set to 40 m / second, the processing temperature was 30 ° C., and the processing time was 20 minutes. After the external addition treatment, coarse particles were removed using a sieve having an opening of 90 μm to prepare external addition treatment toner particles.

<Production of resin-coated carrier>
A resin-coated carrier was prepared by the following procedure.

(1) Preparation of ferrite core material particles Ferrite particles (commercially available) having a volume average particle diameter of 35 μm were prepared as magnetic core particles for resin-coated carriers. The ferrite particles have a manganese content of 21.0 mol% in terms of MnO, a magnesium content of 3.3 mol% in terms of MgO, a strontium content of 0.7 mol% in terms of SrO, and an iron content of Fe _2. It was 75.0 mol% in terms of O ₃ . The volume average particle diameter is measured by a commercially available laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (trade name: “HELOS”, manufactured by Sympatech) equipped with a wet disperser.

(2) Production of resin particles for coating Surfactant aqueous solution in which 1.7 parts by mass of sodium dodecyl sulfate was dissolved in 3000 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen introduction apparatus. Prepared. The internal temperature was raised to 80 ° C. while stirring the aqueous surfactant solution at a stirring speed of 230 rpm under a nitrogen stream. In this surfactant aqueous solution, an initiator solution in which 10 parts by mass of potassium persulfate (KPS) is dissolved in 400 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water is added, the temperature of the liquid is set to 80 ° C., and a monomer mixture composed of the following compounds is added. The solution was added dropwise over 2 hours. That is,
400 parts by mass of cyclohexyl methacrylate After dropwise addition of a monomer mixture consisting of 400 parts by mass of methyl methacrylate, a dispersion of coating resin particles is performed by heating and stirring for 2 hours at a temperature of 80 ° C., followed by a polymerization reaction. Was made. The dispersion was dried with a spray dryer to prepare resin particles for coating.

(3) Production of Resin Coated Carrier 3000 parts by mass of the above-described ferrite particles having a volume average particle diameter of 35 μm and 120 parts by mass of the resin particles for coating produced above are introduced into the carrier production apparatus shown in FIG. The peripheral speed was set to 4 m / sec, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at a temperature of 22 ° C. After mixing and stirring, the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes while heated to 120 ° C. to prepare a resin-coated carrier having a volume average particle size of 35 μm.

<Preparation of dry developer>
Using the externally-treated toner particles prepared above and a resin-coated carrier, the developer of Example 1 was prepared so that the concentration of toner particles contained in the developer was 7.0% by mass.

[Examples 2 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Those described in Table 1 below as the first colorant and the second colorant (some of which include other colorants), and the addition amount (addition ratio) of each colorant described in Table 1 A developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In all Examples and Comparative Examples, the total amount of the colorant added was 129 parts by mass, and the total content of the colorant in the toner particles was 30% by mass as in Example 1.

In Table 1, various symbols mean the following contents.
BR1: CI Pigment Brown 25 (Product name: “PV Fast Brown HFR”, manufactured by Clariant Japan)
BR2: CI Pigment Brown 23 (trade name: “Cromophtal Brown 5R”, manufactured by BASF)
BR3: CI Pigment Brown 24 (trade name: “Sicotan Yellow L1910”, manufactured by BASF)
C1: CIPigment Blue 15: 3 (Product name: “FASTOGEN Blue GNPT”, manufactured by DIC Corporation)
Y1: CIPigment Yellow 180 (Product name: “Toner Yellow HG”, manufactured by Clariant Japan)
Y2: CISolvent Yellow 162 (trade name: “Neopen Yellow 075”, manufactured by BASF)
V1: CIPigment Violet 37 (Brand name: “CROMOPHTAL VIOLET B”, manufactured by BASF)
M1: CI Pigment Red 122 (Product name: “FASTOGEN Super Magenta RTS”, manufactured by DIC Corporation)
CB1: Carbon black (trade name: “Mogul L”, manufactured by Cabot Corporation)
In Table 1, a blank ("-") indicates that the corresponding object is not included.

[Evaluation]
Using a commercially available multifunction device (trade name: bizhub PRO C6500, manufactured by Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.) corresponding to the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 2, in an environment of a temperature of 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80% RH, Each developer in the examples and comparative examples was used as a black toner, and no other color toner was used, and 100 sheets were continuously printed for each type of developer to create an image. The images created by continuous printing are 4 face images, halftone images with a relative reflection density of 0.4, white background images, and solid images with a relative reflection density of 1.3 on an A4 size recording material (coated paper). The output was made equally. The relative reflection density of the halftone image and the solid image is a value measured by a Macbeth reflection densitometer (trade name: “RD918”, manufactured by Sakata Inx Engineering). Then, at the end of continuous printing of 100 sheets, the image shown in FIG. 3 was continuously printed on a recording material (coated paper) so that the adhesion amount was 3.0 g / m ² and used for the following evaluation. .

<Image density evaluation>
The image density of the solid pattern of the 10 prints obtained above was measured with a reflection densitometer (trade name: “X-Rite model 404”, manufactured by X-Rite), and the following three ranks were evaluated. It was.
A: Image density is 1.8 or more B: Image density is 1.7 or more and less than 1.8 C: Image density is less than 1.7 The higher the image density, the higher the image density. The results are shown in Table 2.

<Evaluation of transferability>
Using a Macbeth reflection densitometer (trade name: “RD918”, manufactured by Sakata Inx Engineering Co., Ltd.), the density of the recording material (coated paper) on which printing was not performed was measured at 20 locations, and the average value was defined as the blank paper density. . Next, the density of the white background image of the 10 prints obtained above was measured at 20 locations, the fog density was obtained by subtracting the white paper density measured above from the average density, and the following three-level rank evaluation was performed. Was done.
A: The fog density is less than 0.005 B: The fog density is 0.005 or more and less than 0.01 C: The fog density is 0.1 or more and the fog density is lower, that is, the transferability is excellent (that is, the transfer defect is poor). The problem has been reduced). The results are shown in Table 2.

<Evaluation of hue>
Using a color difference meter (trade name: “CM-3700d”, manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.), the hue evaluation of the solid pattern of the 10 prints obtained above was performed. Specifically, the color difference ΔE between this single-color solid pattern and the Japan Color 2007 chart (paper type: coated paper, aspect: black single-color solid portion) is calculated, the average value is obtained, and rank evaluation of the following three paragraphs Was done. Color difference ΔE was in the L ^* a ^* b ^* uniform color space color system defined in JIS Z 8729, L ^* axis, a ^* axis, and the square root of the sum of those squares each difference b ^* axis .
A: The color difference ΔE is less than 3 B: The color difference ΔE is 3 or more and less than 5 C: The color difference ΔE is 3 or more and less than 6 D: The color difference ΔE is 6 or more and the smaller the color difference ΔE is, the better the hue as a black toner is. Show. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Process conditions]
The process conditions and the outline of the process adopted at the time of image formation by the image forming apparatus of each example and each comparative example are as follows.
System speed: 40 cm / s
Photoconductor: negatively charged OPC
Charging potential: -700V
Development voltage (developing roller applied voltage): -450V
Primary transfer voltage (transfer roller applied voltage): + 600V
Secondary transfer voltage: + 1200V
Pre-development corona CHG: appropriately adjusted at a needle application voltage of -3 to 5 kV.

  As is clear from Table 2, the developer of the example is superior in image density as compared with the developer of the comparative example, and good transfer even after being exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. (That is, the problem of transfer failure is prevented).

  The developer of Comparative Example 1 was inferior in transferability because it contained a small amount of the brown pigment as the first colorant as the colorant and contained a large amount of carbon black that lowers the electrical resistance. Comparative Example 2 did not contain the brown pigment as the first colorant as the colorant and satisfied the hue as the black toner by adding only the other chromatic colorant, but the image density was inferior. By these comparative experiments, the effect of including 50% by mass or more of the first colorant in the present invention was demonstrated.

  Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described as described above, it is also planned from the beginning to appropriately combine the configurations of the above-described embodiments and examples.

  It should be understood that the embodiments and examples disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  7 Intermediate transfer unit, 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K Image forming unit, 11Y, 11M, 11C, 11K Photoconductor, 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12K Charging unit, 13Y, 13M, 13C, 13K Exposure unit, 14Y, 14M , 14C, 14K Developing means, 15Y, 15M, 15C, 15K, 15A Transfer roll, 16Y, 16M, 16C, 16K, 16A Cleaning device, 24 Heat roll fixing device, 50 Carrier manufacturing device, 51 Container body, 54 Raw material input Mouth, 58 rotary blade, 60 outlet, 62 motor.

Claims (3)

Containing toner particles,
The toner particles include a resin and a colorant, and 30 to 50% by mass of the colorant in the toner particles.
The colorant includes a first colorant and a second colorant,
The first colorant is a brown pigment;
The second colorant is a chromatic colorant other than a brown pigment,
The first colorant is included in an amount of 50 to 90% by mass with respect to the total amount of the colorant.
The brown pigment is C.I. I. Pigment Brown 23 and / or C.I. I. Pigment Brown 25, an electrostatic latent image developing toner.   2. The electrostatic latent image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the chromatic colorant includes an organic pigment.   The organic pigment is C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 4, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 180, and C.I. I. The electrostatic latent image developing toner according to claim 2, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Pigment Yellow 185.

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