JP6283458B2 - Manufacturing method of shaft member - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of shaft member Download PDFInfo
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- JP6283458B2 JP6283458B2 JP2012224543A JP2012224543A JP6283458B2 JP 6283458 B2 JP6283458 B2 JP 6283458B2 JP 2012224543 A JP2012224543 A JP 2012224543A JP 2012224543 A JP2012224543 A JP 2012224543A JP 6283458 B2 JP6283458 B2 JP 6283458B2
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- iron
- shaft
- shaft member
- magnetite
- shaft portion
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- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Description
本発明は、回転する軸部材と、該軸部材の軸部が摺動可能なすべり面を有するすべり軸受部材とからなる軸受装置における軸部材の製造方法に関する。 The present invention includes a shaft member that rotates, the shaft portion of the shaft member about the method of manufacturing a shaft member definitive to the bearing device comprising a sliding bearing member having a slidable sliding surfaces.
回転部を有する産業用機器は、回転する軸部材と、該軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する軸受部材とからなる軸受装置を有する。軸受部材は、動作期間の長きにわたって軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する部位が、1.耐久性に優れること、2.焼付きや凝着が起こらないこと、3.摩擦熱が少ないこと、4.摩擦音が小さいこと、などが求められる。
この軸受部材は、転がり軸受とすべり軸受とに大別される。転がり軸受は、ボールベアリングの転がりによる玉軸受と、円筒コロ、円錐コロなどの転がりによるコロ軸受とに大別される。転がり軸受では、転動体と呼ばれる転がる部品が軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する。この転動体は、内輪と外輪との間に挟み込まれ、保持器によって転動体が保持される構造を有するため、すべり軸受より大型でかつ高価である。また、軸部材の高速回転時には、転動体の慣性力が増大して転動体の保持器に過大の負荷を加える。あるいは、静荷重下でも転動体の軌道面には繰り返し応力が印加される。このため、流体潤滑を利用したすべり軸受に比べると寿命は短い。さらに、転動体の転がりによって、静粛性はすべり軸受より劣る。
Industrial equipment having a rotating portion includes a bearing device including a rotating shaft member and a bearing member that supports rotation and load of the shaft member. The bearing member has the following parts for supporting the rotation and load of the shaft member over a long period of operation: 1. Excellent durability. 2. No seizure or adhesion occurs. 3. Less frictional heat; It is required that the frictional sound is low.
This bearing member is roughly classified into a rolling bearing and a sliding bearing. Rolling bearings are broadly classified into ball bearings based on rolling ball bearings and roller bearings based on rolling such as cylindrical rollers and conical rollers. In a rolling bearing, a rolling part called a rolling element supports the rotation and load of a shaft member. This rolling element is sandwiched between the inner ring and the outer ring, and has a structure in which the rolling element is held by a cage, so that it is larger and more expensive than a plain bearing. Further, when the shaft member rotates at a high speed, the inertial force of the rolling element increases and an excessive load is applied to the rolling element cage. Alternatively, stress is repeatedly applied to the raceway surface of the rolling element even under a static load. For this reason, the life is short compared with the slide bearing using fluid lubrication. Furthermore, the quietness is inferior to that of the slide bearing due to rolling of the rolling elements.
いっぽう、すべり軸受は、すべり面に存在する潤滑油の油膜で軸部材の回転と荷重とを受ける。すべり面に潤滑油を供給する潤滑装置ないしは潤滑機構を設けた動圧・静圧軸受に比べ、すべり面に潤滑油を供給する潤滑装置ないしは潤滑機構を省いた含油軸受は小型で安価なため、動圧・静圧軸受に比べより多くの産業機械に用いられている。
含油軸受は、焼結体からなる多孔質材料に潤滑油を真空含浸する。真空含浸された潤滑油は、摺接面の摩擦熱で体積膨張し、自らがすべり面に潤滑油を供給する自己給油性を有する。すべり面に滲みでた潤滑油は、すべり面で油膜を形成する。この油膜の存在によって軸部材との焼付きや凝着を防ぐ。そして、軸部材が回転することで、レイノズルの式に基づいて油膜に圧力分布が形成される。油膜の陽圧部では、すべり面に存在する気孔から軸受部材内に潤滑油が入り込み、反対に油膜の負圧部では、軸受部材の気孔から摺接面に潤滑油が吐き出される。こうして、すべり面で形成される油膜の圧力分布によって、すべり面の気孔を介して、すべり面において潤滑油の自己循環が行われる。また、油膜の陽圧部が軸部材を押し上げ、軸部材が油膜によって支えられる。
しかし、含油軸受は、焼結体に設ける内部気孔の体積は30%余りに制限され、内部気孔に含浸できる潤滑油の量に限りがある。この気孔は、焼結体の内部に潤滑油を真空含浸できる構造と、すべり面における潤滑油の自己循環が行われる構造とを兼備するため、焼結体の表面の気孔がすべり面の気孔と連通した構造であるため、通気性を有する。この通気性を有する気孔によって、含油軸受が使用できる負荷の領域に制約がある。また、含浸された潤滑油の性質、例えば粘性および粘性の温度依存性、蒸気圧および蒸気圧の温度依存性、熱分解による潤滑性の劣化などが、すべり軸受の性質として直接反映される。
On the other hand, the sliding bearing receives the rotation and load of the shaft member with an oil film of lubricating oil existing on the sliding surface. Compared to a lubrication device that supplies lubricating oil to the sliding surface or a hydrodynamic / hydrostatic bearing with a lubrication mechanism, a lubrication device that supplies lubricating oil to the sliding surface or an oil-impregnated bearing that omits the lubrication mechanism is small and inexpensive. Compared to hydrodynamic and hydrostatic bearings, it is used in more industrial machines.
The oil-impregnated bearing vacuum-impregnates a porous material made of a sintered body with lubricating oil. The vacuum-impregnated lubricating oil expands in volume by frictional heat on the sliding contact surface, and has a self-lubricating property that supplies the lubricating oil to the sliding surface. The lubricating oil that has oozed out on the sliding surface forms an oil film on the sliding surface. The presence of this oil film prevents seizure and adhesion with the shaft member. Then, when the shaft member rotates, a pressure distribution is formed in the oil film based on the equation of the lay nozzle. In the positive pressure part of the oil film, the lubricating oil enters the bearing member from the pores present on the sliding surface. On the contrary, in the negative pressure part of the oil film, the lubricating oil is discharged from the pores of the bearing member to the sliding contact surface. Thus, the self-circulation of the lubricating oil is performed on the slip surface through the pores of the slip surface due to the pressure distribution of the oil film formed on the slip surface. Further, the positive pressure portion of the oil film pushes up the shaft member, and the shaft member is supported by the oil film.
However, in the oil-impregnated bearing, the volume of internal pores provided in the sintered body is limited to about 30%, and the amount of lubricating oil that can be impregnated in the internal pores is limited. This pore has both a structure in which the lubricating oil can be vacuum-impregnated inside the sintered body and a structure in which the lubricating oil is self-circulated on the sliding surface, so that the pores on the surface of the sintered body are the same as the pores on the sliding surface. since a communicating structure, having air permeability. The pores having the air permeability, Ru constraints in the area of the load oil bearing can use Oh. In addition, the properties of the impregnated lubricating oil, such as viscosity and temperature dependency of viscosity, vapor pressure and temperature dependency of vapor pressure, degradation of lubricity due to thermal decomposition, and the like are directly reflected as properties of the sliding bearing.
ここで、含油軸受が適応できる負荷の領域を説明する。すべり面が軸部材から受ける負荷は、軸受面圧Pと軸部材の滑り速度Vとによって表わされる。軸受面圧Pは、家電製品における面圧0.02MPaから自動車部品における8MPaに及ぶ。また、滑り速度Vは音響・情報機器における1m/分から掃除機や電動工具における500m/分に及ぶ。このように、軸受部材が軸部材から受ける負荷は、軸部材の回転力と回転速度とに応じて広範囲に及ぶ。
しかし、すべり面に存在する通気性の気孔によってすべり面の油圧が逃げ、含油軸受が適応できる軸受面圧は1MPaまでであるとされている。さらに高速回転においては、通気性の気孔によってすべり面に供給される潤滑油が過小になり、含油軸受で適応できる軸部材の滑り速度は300m/分が限度であるとされている。また、自動車に搭載された軸受装置の中には、−40℃における始動性と、すべり面の最高温度250℃における連続動作とが求められる軸受装置がある。低温の始動時には、含浸油がすべり面に滲み出にくいため、すべり面の焼付きや凝着が起こりやすくなる。また、低温の始動時には潤滑油の粘性が大きいため摩擦力が過大となり、軸部材の回転力を低減させる。反対に、高温の連続動作では、含浸油がすべり面に滲み出やすくなり、また、潤滑油の蒸気圧が高まり、含浸油が枯渇し易くなる。あるいは、すべり面における潤滑油の熱分解が進行し、潤滑油の潤滑性が損なわれる。このように、含油軸受が適応できる領域には制約がある。
Here, the load region to which the oil-impregnated bearing can be applied will be described. The load that the sliding surface receives from the shaft member is represented by the bearing surface pressure P and the sliding speed V of the shaft member. The bearing surface pressure P ranges from a surface pressure of 0.02 MPa in home appliances to 8 MPa in automobile parts. In addition, the sliding velocity V is up to 500m / min in vacuum cleaners and power tools from 1m / minute in audio and information equipment. Thus, the load that the bearing member receives from the shaft member covers a wide range according to the rotational force and the rotational speed of the shaft member.
However, it is said that the oil pressure of the sliding surface escapes due to air-permeable pores existing on the sliding surface, and the bearing surface pressure to which the oil-impregnated bearing can be applied is up to 1 MPa. Further, in high-speed rotation, the lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface becomes too small due to air-permeable pores, and the sliding speed of the shaft member that can be applied with the oil-impregnated bearing is limited to 300 m / min. Among bearing devices mounted on automobiles, there is a bearing device that requires startability at −40 ° C. and continuous operation at a maximum sliding surface temperature of 250 ° C. When starting at a low temperature, the impregnated oil hardly oozes out on the sliding surface, so that seizure and adhesion of the sliding surface easily occur. In addition, since the viscosity of the lubricating oil is large at a low temperature start, the frictional force becomes excessive, and the rotational force of the shaft member is reduced. On the other hand, in high-temperature continuous operation, the impregnated oil tends to ooze out on the sliding surface, and the vapor pressure of the lubricating oil increases, and the impregnated oil is easily depleted. Alternatively, the thermal decomposition of the lubricating oil on the sliding surface proceeds, and the lubricity of the lubricating oil is impaired. In this way, there are restrictions on the area where the oil-impregnated bearing can be applied.
次に、すべり面における潤滑油の摩擦係数から、含油軸受が適応できる領域の限界を説明する。気孔から滲み出た潤滑油がすべり面で理想的な流体潤滑を行う場合は、摩擦係数は、動作温度における潤滑油の粘性と、軸部材の回転数Nと、軸部材の軸径との積を、軸受面圧Pと摺接面のクリアランスとの積で割った値になる。
含油軸受では、軸部材の回転速度Nが低下し軸受面圧Pが増大すると、動作時の摩擦係数は理想的な摩擦係数から外れて増大する。つまり、低速回転時に軸受面圧Pが増大すると、気孔の通気性によって軸受面圧Pがリークし易くなり、すべり面に油膜が存在しなくなり、部分的に軸部材と軸受部材とが直接接触する境界潤滑の摩擦が支配的になり、軸受部材のすべり面における焼付や凝着が起こり易くなる。
この境界潤滑が起こる摩擦係数を、より小さな摩擦係数の領域まで拡大する、つまり、流体潤滑の領域を拡大するため、焼結金属に固体潤滑剤である二硫化モリブデンMoS2や黒鉛を添加することによる事例(例えば、特許文献1―4を参照)があるが、流体潤滑の領域が多少広がる効果はあるが、すべり面の気孔の通気性によって流体潤滑が広がる領域に限界がある。
また、潤滑油をすべり面に吸着しやすい性質とし、この吸着活性が高い無極性潤滑油と吸着活性が高い軸受材料とを組み合わせる事例(例えば、非特許文献1および2を参照)があるが、この事例においても、流体潤滑の領域が多少広がる効果はあるが、すべり面の気孔の通気性によって流体潤滑が広がる領域に限界がある。
In the following, the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil in the sliding surface, illustrating the limits of the region where the oil bearing can adapt. When the lubricating oil that has exuded from the pores performs ideal fluid lubrication on the sliding surface, the friction coefficient is the product of the viscosity of the lubricating oil at the operating temperature, the rotational speed N of the shaft member, and the shaft diameter of the shaft member. Is divided by the product of the bearing surface pressure P and the clearance of the sliding contact surface .
The oil-impregnated bearing, the bearing surface pressure P reduces the rotational speed N of the shaft member is increased, the friction coefficient at the time of operation increases off al or ideal friction coefficient. That is, when the bearing surface pressure P increases during low-speed rotation, the bearing surface pressure P is liable to leak due to the air permeability of the pores, and the oil film does not exist on the sliding surface, so that the shaft member and the bearing member are in direct contact with each other. The friction of boundary lubrication becomes dominant, and seizure and adhesion on the sliding surface of the bearing member are likely to occur.
In order to expand the friction coefficient at which this boundary lubrication occurs to a region with a smaller friction coefficient, that is, to expand the fluid lubrication region, molybdenum disulfide MoS 2 or graphite, which is a solid lubricant, is added to the sintered metal. (See, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4), there is an effect that the area of fluid lubrication is somewhat widened, but there is a limit to the area where fluid lubrication spreads due to the air permeability of the pores on the sliding surface.
In addition, there is a case where a non-polar lubricating oil having a high adsorption activity and a bearing material having a high adsorption activity are combined (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Even in this case, there is an effect that the fluid lubrication region is somewhat widened, but there is a limit to the region where the fluid lubrication is spread due to the air permeability of the pores on the sliding surface.
以上に説明した含油軸受の課題を整理すると以下のようになる。第一に、過大な軸荷重を受けて軸受面圧が増大すると、軸受面圧がすべり面の気孔からリークしてすべり面が境界潤滑に至る。従って、軸部材の回転力が大きい用途では寿命が短い。第二に、軸部材の高速回転時では、すべり面に潤滑油を引き出す力が強くなり、潤滑油が枯渇し易くなる。従って、高速回転の頻度が高い用途では寿命が短い。第三に、軸部材の低速回転時では、すべり面に潤滑油を引き出す力が弱くなり境界潤滑に至り易くなる。従って、低速回転の頻度が高い用途では寿命が短い。第四に、極低温では潤滑油の粘性が著しく増大して摩擦係数が増大し、低温始動時の軸部材の回転力が低減する。第五に、低温動作ではすべり面に潤滑油が供給されにくくなり境界潤滑に至る。従って、極低温での始動性が必要な用途では使用できない。第六に、高温動作ではすべり面に供給される潤滑油が過多になり、あるいは、潤滑油の蒸気圧の上昇によって潤滑油の蒸発量が増大し、含浸油が枯渇する。第七に、高温動作では潤滑油の熱劣化が進行し、潤滑油の潤滑性能が低下する。従って、高温動作の頻度が高い用途では寿命が短い。
こうした含油軸受の課題は、含油軸受におけるすべり軸受の原理と、含浸される潤滑油の性質に基づくものであるため、根本的な解決は困難である。このため、含油軸受が適応できない領域では転がり軸受が用いられている。しかし、産業機器の小型化、低価格化の動向によって、含油軸受の高性能化が求められている。
The problems of the oil-impregnated bearing described above are summarized as follows. First, when the bearing surface pressure increases due to an excessive axial load, the bearing surface pressure leaks from the pores of the sliding surface and the sliding surface reaches boundary lubrication. Accordingly, the life of the shaft member is short in applications where the rotational force of the shaft member is large. Second, when the shaft member rotates at a high speed, the force for drawing the lubricating oil to the sliding surface becomes strong, and the lubricating oil is easily depleted. Therefore, the service life is short in applications where the frequency of high-speed rotation is high. Third, when the shaft member rotates at a low speed, the force for drawing the lubricating oil to the sliding surface becomes weak, and boundary lubrication is likely to occur. Therefore, the service life is short in applications where the frequency of low-speed rotation is high. Fourth, at extremely low temperatures, the viscosity of the lubricating oil increases remarkably and the friction coefficient increases, and the rotational force of the shaft member during low temperature starting decreases. Fifth, low temperature operation makes it difficult to supply lubricating oil to the sliding surface, leading to boundary lubrication. Therefore, it cannot be used in applications that require startability at extremely low temperatures. Sixth, in high-temperature operation, the amount of lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surface becomes excessive, or the evaporation amount of the lubricating oil increases due to an increase in the vapor pressure of the lubricating oil, and the impregnated oil is depleted. Seventh, in high temperature operation, the thermal deterioration of the lubricating oil proceeds and the lubricating performance of the lubricating oil decreases. Therefore, the life is short in applications where the frequency of high-temperature operation is high.
Problems of such oil-impregnated bearing, since the principles of the sliding bearing in the oil-impregnated bearing is based on the lubricating oil property of being impregnated, fundamental solution is difficult. For this reason, rolling bearings are used in regions where oil-impregnated bearings cannot be applied. However, oil-impregnated bearings are required to have higher performance due to the trend toward downsizing and cost reduction of industrial equipment.
ここで軸受部材全般の課題を整理する。すべり軸受は、耐久性と静音性と小型で安価な観点から転がり軸受より優れるが、すべり面に常時潤滑油の油膜が存在することが前提になる。すべり面に潤滑油を供給する潤滑装置ないしは潤滑機構を設けると、動圧・静圧軸受部材のように大型で高価な軸受部材になる。また、潤滑油の性質からもたらされる課題は解決できない。いっぽう、含油軸受はすべり軸受の原理に基づく解決困難な課題を持つ。従って、従来の軸受とは全く異なったコンセプトからなる軸受部材、つまり軸部材の回転と荷重を支持する全く新しい部材が必要になる。この軸部材の回転と荷重を支持する新たな部材が、下記の性質を持てば画期的な軸受装置として様々な産業機械に用いることができ、産業機器における小型・低価格化に応えることができる。
第一に、この部材は、従来の転動体や潤滑油の油膜とは異なる。第二に、この部材は、軸受部材に焼付や凝着を起こさない。第三に、この部材による摩擦力は小さい。第四に、この部材は軸受部材を攻撃しない。第五に、この部材は軸部材から大きな荷重を受けても破壊しない。第六に、この部材は半永久的に軸部材と軸受部材との間隙に存在する。第七に、この部材は軸部材の回転速度の影響を受けない。第八に、この部材は動作温度の影響を受けない。第九に、この部材は、どのような大きさの軸部材ないしは軸受部材に対しても、同様の手段で軸部材の回転と荷重を支持する部材が製造できる。第十に、この部材は安価に製造できる。
Here, the general issues of bearing members are organized. Sliding bearings are superior to rolling bearings in terms of durability, quietness, small size, and low cost, but it is premised that an oil film of lubricating oil always exists on the sliding surface. If a lubrication device or lubrication mechanism for supplying lubricating oil to the sliding surface is provided, the bearing member becomes large and expensive like a dynamic pressure / hydrostatic bearing member. Moreover, the problem which arises from the property of lubricating oil cannot be solved. Meanwhile, oil bearing has an intractable problem based on the principle of to slip bearing. Therefore, a bearing member having a completely different concept from that of the conventional bearing, that is, a completely new member for supporting the rotation and load of the shaft member is required. If this new member that supports the rotation and load of the shaft member has the following properties, it can be used for various industrial machines as an innovative bearing device, and it can respond to miniaturization and cost reduction in industrial equipment. it can.
First, this member is different from conventional rolling elements and lubricating oil films. Second, this member does not cause seizure or adhesion to the bearing member. Third, the frictional force by this member is small. Fourth, this member does not attack the bearing member. Fifth, this member does not break even if it receives a large load from the shaft member. Sixth, this member exists semi-permanently in the gap between the shaft member and the bearing member. Seventh, this member is not affected by the rotational speed of the shaft member. Eighth, this member is not affected by operating temperature. Ninth, this member can produce a member that supports the rotation and load of the shaft member by the same means for any size shaft member or bearing member. Tenth, this member can be manufactured inexpensively.
回転する軸部材と、該軸部材の軸部が摺動可能なすべり面を有するすべり軸受部材とからなる軸受装置において、前記軸部材が、磁性を有する軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトのいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材であり、該軸部材を製造する製造方法の第1特徴手段は、熱分解によって酸化鉄FeOを生成する有機鉄化合物を、有機溶媒に分散させて分散液を作成し、該有機鉄化合物の分散液に、軸部材の集まりにおける各々の軸部材の軸部を浸漬し、該軸部の表面に前記有機鉄化合物の分散液を接触させ、この後、前記分散液を昇温して前記有機溶媒を気化させ、前記有機鉄化合物を前記軸部材の軸部に吸着させ、さらに、前記軸部材の集まりを大気中で熱処理し、前記有機鉄化合物の熱分解で酸化鉄FeOを前記軸部の表面に析出させ、さらに昇温して、前記酸化鉄FeOをマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトに酸化する、これによって、前記軸部材の集まりにおける各々の軸部材の軸部の表面に、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトのいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりが製造される軸部材の製造方法である点にある。 A shaft member for rotation in a bearing device consisting of a sliding bearing member shaft portion of the shaft member has a slidable sliding surface, the shaft member is either magnetite or maghemite in the surface of the shaft portion having a magnetic a shaft member granular particles are evenly magnetic attraction comprised of Kano material, the first feature section of the manufacturing method of manufacturing a shaft member, an organic iron compound to produce the iron oxide FeO by pyrolysis, in an organic solvent Disperse to prepare a dispersion, and immerse the shaft portion of each shaft member in the group of shaft members in the dispersion of the organic iron compound, and bring the dispersion of the organic iron compound into contact with the surface of the shaft portion. Thereafter, the temperature of the dispersion is raised to vaporize the organic solvent, the organic iron compound is adsorbed to the shaft portion of the shaft member, and the assembly of the shaft members is heat-treated in the atmosphere, and the organic Heat content of iron compounds The iron oxide FeO is deposited on the surface of the shaft portion, and the temperature is further raised to oxidize the iron oxide FeO to magnetite or maghemite, whereby the shaft portion of each shaft member in the group of shaft members. This is a method of manufacturing a shaft member in which a collection of shaft members in which granular fine particles made of either a magnetite or maghemite material are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface is manufactured .
つまり、この第1特徴手段によれば、極めて簡単な連続した4つの処理からなる1回の製造タクトで、大量の軸部材の集まりからなる軸部材の軸部に、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトのいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着する。これによって、大量の軸部材の集まりについて、軸部材の軸部にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトのいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材が安価な製造費用で製造でき、9段落で説明した10項目の性質の10番目の性質を有する軸部材が製造される。
すなわち、最初に、有機鉄化合物を容器に充填し、これに有機溶媒を加えて撹拌する。これによって、有機鉄化合物が有機溶媒に分散された分散液が作成できる。次に、容器に軸部材の集まりからなる各々の軸部材の軸部を浸漬する。これによって、各々の軸部に有機鉄化合物の分散液が接触する。さらに、容器の温度を有機溶媒の沸点まで昇温する。これによって、全ての軸部材の軸部に有機鉄化合物が吸着する。次に大気雰囲気において、容器の温度を有機鉄化合物が熱分解する温度まで昇温する。これによって、全ての軸部材の軸部に粒状の酸化鉄FeO微粒子の集まりが析出する。この後、容器の温度を酸化鉄FeOがマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトに酸化する反応が進む温度まで昇温する。これによって、全ての軸部材の軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子の集まりが磁気吸着する。
つまり、この軸部材の製造方法は、軸部材の軸部に吸着させた有機鉄化合物を熱分解して、酸化鉄FeOからなる粒状微粒子を析出し、酸化鉄FeOを酸化することによって、マグネタイトFe 3 O 4 ないしはマグへマイトγ−Fe 2 O 3 のいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が、軸部の表面に満遍なく析出して磁気吸着する。このため、どのような大きさの径を有する軸部材の軸部であっても、同様の手段でマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が軸部の表面に磁気吸着する。これよって、9段落で説明した9番目の性質を有する軸部材が製造される。さらに、有機鉄化合物を大気中で熱処理するだけの極めて簡単な手段で、軸部材の軸部にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトの粒状微粒子を磁気吸着させることができる。このため、9段落で説明した10番目の性質を兼備する軸部材が製造される。
すなわち、熱分解によって酸化鉄FeOを生成する有機鉄化合物を溶媒に分散させ、この分散液に軸部材の軸部を浸漬し、この後溶媒を気化させると、軸部材の軸部の表面に有機鉄化合物が吸着する。この軸部材を大気雰囲気で熱処理する。熱処理温度が有機鉄化合物を構成する有機物の沸点を超えると、有機物と酸化鉄FeOに熱分解する。さらに熱処理温度を上げると、有機物は気化熱を奪って気化する。いっぽう酸化鉄FeOは、2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になる酸化反応が温度上昇に伴って進む。この2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になる酸化反応において、酸化鉄FeOを構成する2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になって、マグネタイトになる。つまり、酸化鉄FeOを構成する2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になってFe 2 O 3 になり、組成式がFeO・Fe 2 O 3 のマグネタイトFe 3 O 4 になる。こうした2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になる酸化反応が軸部材の軸部の表面で進行するため、マグネタイトFe 3 O 4 は軸部材の軸部の表面に粒状微粒子として満遍なく析出して磁気吸着する。なぜならば、有機鉄化合物を軸部の表面に吸着させたからである。
さらに昇温すると、マグネタイトFeO・Fe 2 O 3 を構成するFeOにおける2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ の全てが3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になって、酸化鉄Fe 2 O 3 を形成する。この酸化鉄Fe 2 O 3 は、マグネタイトFe 3 O 4 と同様の立方晶系の結晶構造をとるため、酸化鉄Fe 2 O 3 はガンマ相のマグへマイトγ−Fe 2 O 3 になる。こうしたマグネタイトFeO・Fe 2 O 3 における2価の鉄イオンFe 2+ が、3価の鉄イオンFe 3+ になる酸化反応が完了すると、マグへマイトγ−Fe 2 O 3 は軸部の表面に粒状微粒子として満遍なく析出して磁気吸着する。
なお、有機鉄化合物の熱分解で生成されるマグへマイトは、酸化鉄FeOの酸化によって生成されるため、針状粒子ではなく粒状粒子として析出する。従来技術では、マグへマイトγ−Fe 2 O 3 は針状粒子として生成される。つまり、硫酸第一鉄ないしは硫酸第二鉄のアルカリ性の水溶液に大気を送って反応させると、針状粒子であるゲータイトと呼ばれる水酸化鉄α−FeOOHが析出する。ゲータイトを、水素ガスの雰囲気で一度脱水させてヘマタイトα−Fe 2 O 3 とし、さらに、還元してマグネタイトFe 3 O 4 を生成する。この後、マグネタイトを大気中でゆっくりと加熱酸化させると、針状のマグへマイト粒子が生成される。針状粒子からなるマグへマイトは、軸受部材のすべり面で滑りにくいため、軸部に磁気吸着させる強磁性微粒子としては適さない。さらに、針状のマグへマイト粒子を析出する製造工程は、有機鉄化合物の熱処理だけで粒状のマグへマイト粒子を析出する製造工程に比べ、より多くの複雑な製造工程が必要になるため製造費用が高い。
いっぽう、マグネタイトFe 3 O 4 ないしはマグへマイトγ−Fe 2 O 3 は、いずれも強磁性であるフェリ磁性の性質を持つ。これによって、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子は互いに磁気吸着し、さらに、磁性を有する軸部材の軸部に磁気吸着する。さらに、マグネタイトの磁気キュリー点は585℃であり、マグへマイトの磁気キュリー点は675℃である。いっぽう、自動車部品のすべり軸受のすべり面は、高温での連続動作が継続すると250℃まで昇温する。マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトの磁気キュリー点は、すべり軸受のすべり面の最高温度より300℃以上高いため、強磁性微粒子同士の磁気吸着力と軸部材への磁気吸着力は常温と殆ど変わらない。さらに−40℃の極低温においても、強磁性微粒子同士の磁気吸着力と軸部材への磁気吸着力は常温と殆ど変わらない。このため、極低温において、強磁性微粒子がすべり面に接する際に発生する摩擦力は増大しない。従って、軸受装置の全ての動作温度において、強磁性粒状微粒子は互いに磁気吸着し、かつ、軸部材に磁気吸着して、軸部材の回転と荷重を常温と変わらない状態で安定して支持する。これによって、9段落で説明した8番目の性質を有する軸部材が製造される。
なおマグへマイトは、大気中の450℃以上の温度で酸化鉄Fe 2 O 3 のアルファ相であるヘマタイトα−Fe 2 O 3 に相転移する。ヘマタイトはフェリ磁性ではなく弱強磁性であるため、ヘマタイト微粒子同士の磁気吸着力と軸部材への磁気吸着力とが低減し、軸部材の稼動時に軸部の表面からヘマタイトが脱落する可能性がある。しかし、軸部材が軸受部材のすべり面と摺接する際の最高温度は250℃程度であるため、マグへマイトが相転移することはない。
ここで、本特徴手段における磁性を有する軸部材の軸部の表面に、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトのいずれかの材質からなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材の優れた作用効果を説明する。磁性を有する軸部材の軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着したマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は、軸受部材のすべり面を滑るため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が、軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する。この全く新しいコンセプトからなる軸受装置、つまり、磁性を有する軸部材の軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着させたマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が、軸受部材のすべり面を滑る軸受装置は、次の考えに基づく軸受装置である。3段落から6段落と9段落とで説明したように、従来の転がり軸受とすべり軸受とが有する課題は、軸受部材に設けた軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する部材、つまり、転動体と潤滑油の油膜で発生した。従って、従来の軸受装置の課題を根本的に解決するには、軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する部材を、軸受部材から除外するしか手段はない。このため、軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する部材を、軸受部材から除外し軸部材に設けることで、従来の軸受装置の課題が根本的に解決できると考えた。この考えを軸受装置として実現するには、軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する軸部材に設ける新たな部材は、9段落で説明した10項目の性質を兼備することが必要となる。これらの性質を兼備させるため、軸部材の軸部の表面に満遍なくマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子を磁気吸着させ、このマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が、軸受部材のすべり面で滑る全く新たな構成からなる軸受装置とした。この軸受装置は、以下に説明するように、9段落で説明した第1から第7の性質を兼備し、従来の転がり軸受とすべり軸受とが持つ課題を根本的に解決することができる。
つまり、回転する軸部に磁気吸着したマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が軸受部材のすべり面と接すると、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は軸部の荷重を、回転する軸部の慣性力の方向の荷重として受ける。この荷重はマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士の磁気吸着力より大きいが、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子と軸部との磁気吸着力よりは小さい。いっぽう、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が軸部から受ける荷重は、軸部の回転による慣性力の方向であり、この慣性力は軸部の回転の接線方向であるため、荷重を受けたマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子はすべり面で滑る。このため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子はすべり面を攻撃しない。また、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が受けた荷重は、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑るエネルギーに変換される。さらに、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑ると、滑る粒子が微粒子であるがゆえに、このマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子と隣接したマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が新たにすべり面と接し、回転する軸部の慣性力の方向に荷重を受けて、同様にすべり面で滑る。この新たなマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子も、すべり面で滑ることですべり面を攻撃しない。この際、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が軸部から受けた荷重は、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑ることで滑るエネルギーに変換され、さらに小さな荷重となる。こうしたマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がすべり面で滑る連続した現象は、軸部材から受ける荷重がマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士の磁気吸着力より小さくなるまで連続して起こる。しかし、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がすべり面で滑ることで、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子はすべり面を攻撃しない。また、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑るため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が破壊されることはない。
なお、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子の大きさは、すべり面の面粗さより小さく、サブミクロンより小さい粒状粒子からなる。このため、軸部材から受ける荷重がマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士の磁気吸着力より小さくなるまで、連続してマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がすべり面と接して滑る。また、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子の大きさは、軸部とすべり面とが形成する間隙に比べて充分に小さい。このため、軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着したマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がランダムにすべり面と接し、特定のマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が継続的に負荷を受けることはなく、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は損傷しない。
また、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子はすべり面と接する際に、回転する軸部に作用する慣性力の方向に軸部の荷重を受けるが、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が粒状の微粒子であるため、荷重を受ける面積が微小である点接触に近い接触で荷重を受ける。さらに、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が受けた軸部の荷重は、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑るエネルギーに変換される。マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がすべり面と接する際に発生する摩擦力は、接触面積と荷重の大きさに応じて発生するので、摩擦力は小さく、接触による不要な摩耗や熱や音は発生しない。また、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は、すべり面を点接触に近い接触で接触した直後に滑るため、すべり面での焼付や凝着は起きない。
さらに、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑る際に、瞬間的にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士の磁気吸着から僅かに離れる。あるいは、軸部材の高速回転時にも、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子はマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士の磁気吸着から一瞬僅かに離れる。しかし、軸部とすべり面とが形成する間隙は狭く、この狭い間隙には軸部に磁気吸着した無数のマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が発する磁力が常時存在し、また軸部との磁気吸引力とが常時作用するため、磁気吸着から僅かに離れたマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は、瞬時にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子と再び磁気吸着する。このように、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子同士は軸部材の回転速度によらず磁気吸着し、かつ、軸部に磁気吸着した状態を維持するため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が継続して軸部材の回転と荷重を支持する。さらに、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は固体であるため蒸発しない。このため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子は、半永久的に軸部材に磁気吸着する。
以上に説明したように、磁性を有する軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材は、9段落で説明した軸部材の回転と荷重とを支持する部材として必要な性質のうち、第1から第7の性質を兼備する。この結果、軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材は、9段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する。
なお、軸部材の材質は、従来、機械構造用炭素鋼の炭素の含有量が0.25重量%から0.45重量%のS25CからS45Cや、炭素量が0.45重量%以上の炭素鋼ないしはニッケルクロム鋼、ニッケルクロムモリブデン鋼、クロム鋼、クロムモリブデン鋼などの合金鋼が用いられている。また、耐薬品性が要求される特殊な軸受装置では、軸部材はマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼が用いられている。これらの軸部材は、いずれも強磁性の性質を持つので、従来の材質で軸部材を構成すれば、軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着する。また軸受部材のすべり面を構成する部品の材質は、従来、黄銅、青銅などの銅合金や、バビットメタルと呼ばれる錫銅合金、錫アンチモン銅合金、鉛アンチモン錫合金や、ケルメットと呼ばれる銅鉛合金や、カドミウム合金やアルミニウム合金、ないしは合成樹脂が用いられている。これらの材質は非磁性体であるため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子がすべり面に磁気吸着することはない。このため、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子の一部がすべり面に移動して磁気吸着し、これによって、軸部に磁気吸着したマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が滑る現象が阻害され、この滑らないマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子によってすべり面が攻撃されることはない。従って、従来の材質ですべり面を構成すればよい。このように、軸部材と軸受部材とは、従来の材質から構成すればよく、特段に高価な材質は全く不要である。
さらに、軸部材と軸受部材とのはめあい公差は、すべり面の内径公差がH7で、軸部の外径公差がf6ないしはe6であるため、軸部とすべり面との間には最低でも25ミクロンの隙間が形成される。いっぽう、軸部材の軸部に磁気吸着するマグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子の大きさは、サブミクロンより小さい。このため、軸部材に軸受部材を組み付ける際に、マグネタイトないしはマグヘマイトの粒状微粒子が軸部から剥がれることはない。
In other words, according to the first feature means, either one of magnetite or maghemite is applied to the shaft portion of the shaft member made up of a large number of shaft members in one manufacturing tact consisting of four extremely simple continuous processes. The particulate fine particles made of these materials are evenly magnetically adsorbed. As a result, for a large collection of shaft members, a shaft member in which particulate fine particles made of either magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member can be manufactured at a low manufacturing cost. The shaft member having the tenth property of the ten items is manufactured.
That is, first, an organic iron compound is filled in a container, and an organic solvent is added thereto and stirred. Thereby, a dispersion liquid in which the organic iron compound is dispersed in the organic solvent can be prepared. Next, the shaft portion of each shaft member made up of a collection of shaft members is immersed in the container. As a result, the dispersion of the organic iron compound comes into contact with each shaft portion. Furthermore, the temperature of the container is raised to the boiling point of the organic solvent. Thereby, the organic iron compound is adsorbed on the shaft portions of all the shaft members. Next, in an air atmosphere, the temperature of the container is raised to a temperature at which the organic iron compound is thermally decomposed. As a result, a collection of granular iron oxide FeO fine particles is deposited on the shaft portions of all the shaft members. Thereafter, the temperature of the container is raised to a temperature at which the reaction of iron oxide FeO oxidizing magnetite or magnetite proceeds. As a result, a collection of granular fine particles composed of magnetite or maghemite is magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of all shaft members.
That is, in this shaft member manufacturing method, the organic iron compound adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member is thermally decomposed to precipitate particulate fine particles made of iron oxide FeO and oxidize iron oxide FeO. The particulate fine particles made of any material of 3 O 4 or maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 are uniformly deposited on the surface of the shaft portion and magnetically adsorbed. For this reason, in any shaft part of the shaft member having any size, granular fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft part by the same means. Thus, the shaft member having the ninth property described in the ninth paragraph is manufactured. Furthermore, magnetite or maghemite particulate fine particles can be magnetically adsorbed to the shaft portion of the shaft member by an extremely simple means by simply heat-treating the organic iron compound in the atmosphere. For this reason, a shaft member having the tenth property described in the ninth paragraph is manufactured.
That is, when an organic iron compound that generates iron oxide FeO by thermal decomposition is dispersed in a solvent, the shaft portion of the shaft member is immersed in this dispersion, and then the solvent is vaporized, an organic material is formed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. Iron compounds are adsorbed. This shaft member is heat-treated in an air atmosphere. When the heat treatment temperature exceeds the boiling point of the organic substance constituting the organic iron compound, it thermally decomposes into the organic substance and iron oxide FeO. When the heat treatment temperature is further increased, the organic matter is vaporized by taking the heat of vaporization. On the other hand, in the iron oxide FeO, the oxidation reaction in which the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ proceeds as the temperature rises. In the oxidation reaction of the divalent iron ions Fe 2+ is trivalent iron ions Fe 3+, divalent iron ions Fe 2+ constituting the iron oxide FeO is turned trivalent iron ions Fe 3+, becomes magnetite . That is, the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ constituting the iron oxide FeO becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ to become Fe 2 O 3 , and the composition formula becomes magnetite Fe 3 O 4 with FeO · Fe 2 O 3. . Since the oxidation reaction in which the divalent iron ions Fe 2+ become trivalent iron ions Fe 3+ proceeds on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member, the magnetite Fe 3 O 4 is formed as particulate fine particles on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. Deposits evenly and magnetically adsorbs. This is because the organic iron compound is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion.
When the temperature is further increased , all of the divalent iron ions Fe 2+ in FeO constituting the magnetite FeO · Fe 2 O 3 become trivalent iron ions Fe 3+ to form iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 . Since this iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 has a cubic crystal structure similar to that of magnetite Fe 3 O 4 , the iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 becomes gamma phase maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 . When the oxidation reaction in which the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ in the magnetite FeO · Fe 2 O 3 is converted to the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ is completed, the maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 is granular on the surface of the shaft portion. As a uniform deposit and magnetic adsorption.
In addition, since maghemite produced | generated by the thermal decomposition of an organic iron compound is produced | generated by the oxidation of iron oxide FeO, it precipitates as a granular particle instead of an acicular particle | grain. In the prior art, maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 is produced as acicular particles. That is, when an atmosphere is sent to an alkaline aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate and reacted, iron hydroxide α-FeOOH called goethite, which is acicular particles, precipitates. Goethite is once dehydrated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas to hematite α-Fe 2 O 3 and further reduced to produce magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . Thereafter, when the magnetite is slowly heated and oxidized in the air, the mitite particles are formed into acicular mag. Maghemite composed of acicular particles is not suitable as a ferromagnetic fine particle to be magnetically attracted to the shaft portion because it is difficult to slip on the sliding surface of the bearing member. In addition, the manufacturing process for depositing mitite particles into needle-shaped mags requires more complex manufacturing processes than the process for depositing mitite particles into granular mags only by heat treatment of organic iron compounds. Expensive.
On the other hand, magnetite Fe 3 O 4 or maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 has a ferrimagnetic property that is ferromagnetic. As a result, the particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically attracted to each other, and are further magnetically attracted to the shaft portion of the shaft member having magnetism. Furthermore, the magnetic Curie point of magnetite is 585 ° C., and the magnetic Curie point of maghemite is 675 ° C. On the other hand, the sliding surface of a sliding bearing of an automobile part rises to 250 ° C. when continuous operation at a high temperature continues. Since the magnetic Curie point of magnetite or maghemite is 300 ° C. higher than the maximum temperature of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing, the magnetic attractive force between the ferromagnetic fine particles and the magnetic attractive force on the shaft member are almost the same as normal temperature. Furthermore, even at an extremely low temperature of −40 ° C., the magnetic attractive force between the ferromagnetic fine particles and the magnetic attractive force on the shaft member are almost the same as those at room temperature. For this reason, the frictional force generated when the ferromagnetic fine particles are in contact with the sliding surface at an extremely low temperature does not increase. Therefore, at all operating temperatures of the bearing device, the ferromagnetic granular fine particles are magnetically attracted to each other and magnetically attracted to the shaft member, and stably support the rotation and load of the shaft member in the same state as normal temperature. As a result, the shaft member having the eighth property described in the ninth paragraph is manufactured.
Maghemite undergoes phase transition to hematite α-Fe 2 O 3 which is an alpha phase of iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 at a temperature of 450 ° C. or higher in the atmosphere . Because hematite is not ferrimagnetic but weakly ferromagnetic, the magnetic attraction between hematite particles and the magnetic attraction to the shaft member are reduced, and hematite may fall off the surface of the shaft when the shaft member is in operation. is there. However, since the maximum temperature when the shaft member is in sliding contact with the sliding surface of the bearing member is about 250 ° C., the phase transition of the magnet to the mag does not occur.
Here, the excellent effect of the shaft member in which the particulate fine particles made of either magnetite or maghemite are uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member having magnetism in the present characteristic means will be described. Uniformly magnetic attraction magnetite or maghemite granular particles on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member having a magnetism, because that slides sliding surface of the bearing member, the granular particles of magnetite or maghemite are, the rotation of the shaft member and the load To support. Bearing device entirely made of new concept of this, that is, the bearing device granular particulates uniformly magnetic adsorbed was magnetite or maghemite in the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member, to slide a sliding surface of the bearing member having a magnetism, the following ideas It is a bearing device based on. As described in the third to sixth paragraphs and the ninth paragraph, the problems of the conventional rolling bearing and the sliding bearing are the members that support the rotation and load of the shaft member provided on the bearing member, that is, the rolling element and It generated in the oil film of the lubricating oil. Therefore, in order to fundamentally solve the problem of the conventional bearing device, there is no other way but to exclude the member that supports the rotation and load of the shaft member from the bearing member. For this reason, it was thought that the problem of the conventional bearing device could be fundamentally solved by excluding the member supporting the rotation and load of the shaft member from the bearing member and providing the shaft member. To realize this idea as a bearing device, a new member provided on the shaft member that supports the rotation and load of the shaft member must have the properties of the ten items described in the ninth paragraph. In order to combine these properties, the magnetite or maghemite particulates are magnetically adsorbed evenly on the surface of the shaft part of the shaft member, and the magnetite or maghemite particulate particulates have a completely new structure that slides on the sliding surface of the bearing member. A bearing device was obtained. As will be described below, this bearing device has the first to seventh properties described in the ninth paragraph, and can fundamentally solve the problems of conventional rolling bearings and sliding bearings.
In other words, when the magnetite or maghemite particulates magnetically adsorbed on the rotating shaft contact the sliding surface of the bearing member, the magnetite or maghemite particulates load the shaft and load in the direction of the inertial force of the rotating shaft. Receive as. This load is greater than the magnetic attraction force of the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite, it is smaller than the magnetic attraction force between the granular particles and the shaft portion of the magnetite or maghemite. On the other hand, the load that the magnetite or maghemite particulates receive from the shaft is the direction of the inertial force due to the rotation of the shaft, and since this inertial force is the tangential direction of the rotation of the shaft, the magnetite or maghemite that receives the load Granular particles slide on the sliding surface. For this reason, the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite do not attack the sliding surface. Further, the load received by the granular particles of magnetite or maghemite is converted into energy granular particles of magnetite or maghemite slips. Further, when the magnetite or maghemite particulate particles slide, the sliding particles are fine particles, so that the magnetite or maghemite particulate particulates and the adjacent magnetite or maghemite particulate particulates are newly in contact with the sliding surface, and the rotating shaft portion is rotated. It receives a load in the direction of inertial force and slides on the sliding surface as well. The new magnetite or maghemite particulates do not attack the sliding surface by sliding on the sliding surface. At this time, the load received by the magnetite or maghemite particulate fine particles from the shaft portion is converted into energy that slides due to the slide of the magnetite or maghemite particulate fine particles, and becomes a smaller load. Such a continuous phenomenon in which the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite slide on the sliding surface continuously occurs until the load received from the shaft member becomes smaller than the magnetic adsorption force between the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite . However, the magnetite or maghemite particulate fine particles slide on the sliding surface, and the magnetite or maghemite particulate fine particles do not attack the sliding surface. In addition, since the magnetite or maghemite particulates slide, the magnetite or maghemite particulates are not destroyed.
The size of the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite is smaller than the roughness of the sliding surface and is smaller than submicron. Therefore, until the load received from the shaft member is smaller than the magnetic attraction force of the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite, sliding in contact with magnetite or granular particles slip surface maghemite continuously. In addition, the size of the magnetite or maghemite particulate particles is sufficiently smaller than the gap formed by the shaft portion and the sliding surface. Therefore, uniformly magnetic adsorbed magnetite or maghemite granular particles on the surface of the shaft portion, the granular particles of magnetite or maghemite are randomly sliding surface and in contact, undergo continuous load granular particles of a particular magnetite or maghemite No, magnetite or maghemite particulates are not damaged.
In addition, when the magnetite or maghemite granular fine particles are in contact with the sliding surface, the axial load is applied in the direction of the inertial force acting on the rotating shaft, but the magnetite or maghemite granular fine particles are granular fine particles. The load is received by a contact close to a point contact where the area to receive the load is minute. Moreover, the load of the shaft portion which receives the granular particles of magnetite or maghemite is converted into energy granular particles of magnetite or maghemite slips. Friction force generated when magnetite or maghemite particulates come into contact with the sliding surface is generated according to the contact area and load size, so the friction force is small, and unnecessary wear, heat and sound due to contact do not occur. . Further, the granular particles of magnetite or maghemite, since slipping immediately after contacting the sliding surface in contact close to point contact, seizure and adhesion at the sliding surface does not occur.
Further, when the magnetite or maghemite granular fine particles slide, they instantaneously deviate slightly from the magnetic adsorption of the magnetite or maghemite granular fine particles. Alternatively, even when the shaft member rotates at high speed, the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite are slightly separated from the magnetic adsorption of the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite for a moment. However, the gap formed by the shaft and the sliding surface is narrow, and there is always a magnetic force generated by innumerable magnetite or maghemite particulates magnetically adsorbed on the shaft, and the magnetic attraction force with the shaft Therefore, the magnetite or maghemite particulates slightly separated from the magnetic adsorption are instantaneously magnetically adsorbed again with the magnetite or maghemite particulates . In this way, the magnetite or maghemite particulates are magnetically adsorbed regardless of the rotation speed of the shaft member, and the magnetite or maghemite particulates are maintained in a state of being magnetically attracted to the shaft portion. Supports rotation and load. Further, since the particulate fine particles of magnetite or maghemite are solid, they do not evaporate. Therefore, granular particles of magnetite or maghemite, permanently magnetically adsorbed to the shaft member.
As described above, the shaft member in which magnetite or maghemite particulate particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion having magnetism is a property necessary for supporting the rotation and load of the shaft member described in the ninth paragraph. Of these, the first to seventh properties are combined. As a result, the shaft member in which magnetite or maghemite particulates are magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion has all the properties of the ten items described in the ninth paragraph.
In addition, as for the material of the shaft member, conventionally, the carbon content of the carbon steel for machine structure is S25C to S45C in which the carbon content is 0.25 wt % to 0.45 wt %, or the carbon steel having a carbon content of 0.45 wt % or more Or alloy steels, such as nickel chromium steel, nickel chromium molybdenum steel, chromium steel, chromium molybdenum steel, are used. In a special bearing device that requires chemical resistance, the shaft member is made of martensitic stainless steel. Since these shaft members all have ferromagnetic properties, if the shaft member is formed of a conventional material, magnetite or maghemite particulate particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. In addition, the material of the parts that make up the sliding surface of the bearing member has conventionally been copper alloys such as brass and bronze, tin copper alloys called bavit metal, tin antimony copper alloys, lead antimony tin alloys, and copper lead alloys called kelmets. Alternatively, cadmium alloy, aluminum alloy, or synthetic resin is used. Since these materials are non-magnetic, magnetite or maghemite particulates are not magnetically adsorbed on the sliding surface. Therefore, a portion of the particulate particles of magnetite or maghemite is moved sliding surface and magnetic attraction, thereby, inhibited the phenomenon in which the magnetic adsorption magnetite or maghemite granular particles of slipping on the shaft portion, the non-slip magnetite or The slip surface is not attacked by the granular particles of maghemite . Therefore, the sliding surface may be made of a conventional material. Thus, the shaft member and the bearing member may be made of conventional materials, and no particularly expensive material is required at all.
Further, the fitting tolerance between the shaft member and the bearing member is that the inner diameter tolerance of the sliding surface is H7 and the outer diameter tolerance of the shaft portion is f6 or e6, so that at least 25 microns is provided between the shaft portion and the sliding surface. A gap is formed. On the other hand, the granular fine particles of magnetite or maghemite that are magnetically adsorbed to the shaft portion of the shaft member are smaller than submicrons. For this reason, when the bearing member is assembled to the shaft member, magnetite or maghemite particulate particles are not peeled off from the shaft portion.
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軸部材の製造方法の第2特徴手段は、第1特徴手段に記載した熱分解で酸化鉄FeOを生成する有機鉄化合物が、鉄イオンが酸素イオンと配位結合する有機鉄化合物であり、該有機鉄化合物を第1特徴手段における熱分解によって酸化鉄FeOを生成する有機鉄化合物として用い、第1特徴手段に記載した方法に準拠して軸部材の集まりを製造する軸部材の製造方法である点にある。 Second feature means of a method of manufacturing a shaft member, an organic iron compound to produce the iron oxide FeO pyrolysis as described in the first feature means is an organic iron compound which iron ions are coordinately bound to oxygen ions, the A method of manufacturing a shaft member, wherein an organic iron compound is used as an organic iron compound that generates iron oxide FeO by thermal decomposition in the first characteristic means, and a group of shaft members is manufactured in accordance with the method described in the first characteristic means. There is in point.
つまり、この特徴手段によれば、鉄イオンが配位子を形成する酸素イオンと配位結合した有機鉄化合物を大気中で熱分解させると酸化鉄FeOが生成され、更に、酸化鉄FeOを酸化するとマグネタイトFe3O4ないしはマグへマイトγ−Fe2O3が析出する。すなわち、このような有機鉄化合物の大気中での熱分解反応においては、有機鉄化合物を構成する有機物の沸点を超えると熱分解が始まり、酸化鉄FeOと有機物に分解する。つまり、有機鉄化合物を構成する酸素イオンが配位子となって鉄イオンに近づいて配位結合するため、鉄イオンと配位子である酸素イオンとの距離は短い。このため、有機鉄化合物の熱分解においては、配位子である酸素イオンが鉄イオンと結合する短い距離の部位の反対側の結合部位、つまり、結合距離が長い部位が最初に切れる。これによって、有機鉄化合物は、鉄イオンが酸素イオンと結合した酸化鉄FeOと有機物とに分解される。この後、有機物は気化熱を奪って気化する。いっぽう、酸化鉄FeOは、温度上昇によって2価の鉄イオンFe2+が3価の鉄イオンFe3+になる酸化反応が進み、酸化鉄FeOは組成式がFeO・Fe2O3のマグネタイトFe3O4になる。さらに昇温すると、マグネタイトFeO・Fe2O3を構成するFeOにおける2価の鉄イオンFe2+が、3価の鉄イオンFe3+になって酸化鉄Fe2O3のガンマ相、つまりマグへマイトγ−Fe2O3になる。こうして、酸化鉄FeOの酸化反応によって、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトが析出する。この結果、磁性を有する軸部材の表面に、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が磁気吸着する。 That is, according to this characteristic means , iron oxide FeO is produced when an organic iron compound in which iron ions coordinate with oxygen ions forming a ligand is thermally decomposed in the atmosphere, and further, iron oxide FeO is oxidized. Then, magnetite Fe 3 O 4 or magnetite γ-Fe 2 O 3 is precipitated. That is, in such a thermal decomposition reaction of the organic iron compound in the atmosphere, thermal decomposition starts when the boiling point of the organic substance constituting the organic iron compound is exceeded, and decomposes into iron oxide FeO and the organic substance. That is, the oxygen ion constituting the organic iron compound becomes a ligand and coordinates with the iron ion so that the distance between the iron ion and the oxygen ion that is the ligand is short. Therefore, in the thermal decomposition of an organic iron compound, a short distance region of the opposite side of the binding sites of the oxygen ions is ligand binds to iron ions, i.e., the bond distance is long site expires first. As a result, the organic iron compound is decomposed into iron oxide FeO in which iron ions are combined with oxygen ions and organic matter. After this, the organic matter is vaporized by taking the heat of vaporization. On the other hand, the iron oxide FeO undergoes an oxidation reaction in which the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ as the temperature rises, and the iron oxide FeO has a composition formula of FeO · Fe 2 O 3 and is magnetite Fe 3 O. 4 When the temperature is further increased, the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ in the FeO constituting the magnetite FeO · Fe 2 O 3 becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ to form a gamma phase of iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 , that is, maghemite. It becomes γ-Fe 2 O 3 . In this way, by the oxidation reaction of iron oxide FeO, magnetite stones Might is deposited to the mug. As a result, the particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft member having magnetism.
軸部材の製造方法の第3特徴手段は、第2特徴手段における鉄イオンが酸素イオンと配位結合する有機鉄化合物が、酢酸鉄、安息香酸鉄、カプリル酸鉄、ナフテン酸鉄のうちのいずれかのカルボン酸鉄ないしはアセチルアセトン鉄の有機鉄化合物であり、該有機鉄化合物を第2特徴手段における有機鉄化合物として用い、第2特徴手段に記載した方法に準拠して軸部材の集まりを製造する製造方法である点にある。 The third feature means of a method of manufacturing a shaft member, an organic iron compound which iron ions in the second feature means for oxygen ions and coordination bonds, iron acetate, benzoate, iron, caprylic iron, any of the iron naphthenate An organic iron compound of iron carboxylate or acetylacetone iron, and using the organic iron compound as the organic iron compound in the second characteristic means, a group of shaft members is manufactured according to the method described in the second characteristic means It lies in the fact Ru manufacturing method der.
この特徴手段によれば、酢酸鉄Fe(CH3COO)2、安息香酸鉄Fe(C 6 H 5 COO) 2 、カプリル酸鉄Fe(CH3(CH2)6COO)2、ないしはナフテン酸鉄Fe(C6H5COO)2などからなるカルボン酸鉄は、いずれもカルボン酸のカルボキシル基COOHを構成する酸素イオンが、配位子となって2価の鉄イオンに近づき、酸素イオンが2価の鉄イオンとの間で配位結合する。また、アセチルアセトン鉄Fe(C5H7O2)3は、アセチルアセトンC5H8O2の共役塩基であるアセチルアセトナートC5H7O2 −を構成する酸素イオンが、配位子となって鉄イオンと配位結合し、アセチルアセトナートが六員環を形成する有機鉄化合物である。このようなカルボン酸鉄ないしはアセチルアセトン鉄における熱分解反応は、カルボン酸ないしはアセチルアセトンの沸点を超えると熱分解が始まり、酸化鉄FeOとカルボン酸ないしはアセチルアセトンに分解する。つまり、カルボン酸のカルボキシル基を構成する酸素イオン、ないしはアセチルアセトナートを構成する酸素イオンが、鉄イオンに近づいて配位結合するため、鉄イオンと配位子である酸素イオンとの距離は短い。このため、熱分解においては、配位子である酸素イオンが鉄イオンと結合する反対側の長い距離の部位が最初に切れる。これによって、鉄イオンが酸素イオンと結合した酸化鉄FeOと、カルボン酸ないしはアセチルアセトンに分解する。この後、カルボン酸ないしはアセチルアセトンは気化熱を奪って気化する。いっぽう酸化鉄FeOは、温度上昇によって、2価の鉄イオンFe2+が3価の鉄イオンFe3+になる酸化反応が進み、酸化鉄FeOは組成式がFeO・Fe2O3のマグネタイトFe3O4になる。さらに昇温すると、マグネタイトFeO・Fe2O3を構成するFeOにおける2価の鉄イオンFe2+が3価の鉄イオンFe3+になって、酸化鉄Fe2O3のガンマ相、つまり、マグへマイトγ−Fe2O3になる。こうして、酸化鉄FeOの酸化反応によって、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトが析出する。これによって、磁性を有する軸部材の軸部の表面に、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が磁気吸着する。
前記したカルボン酸鉄ないしはアセチルアセトン鉄は、汎用的なカルボン酸ないしは汎用的な有機物と鉄との化合物であるため、合成が簡単で安価な工業用薬品である。安価な工業用薬品を軸部材の軸部に吸着させ、この軸部材を大気中で熱処理するだけで、軸部材の軸部にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトの粒状微粒子が磁気吸着するため、安価な製造費用で新たな軸受装置が製造できる。このため、本特徴手段によって、9段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する軸受装置が実現できる。According to this feature means, iron acetate Fe (CH 3 COO) 2 , iron benzoate Fe (C 6 H 5 COO) 2 , iron caprylate Fe (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 COO) 2 , or iron naphthenate In any of the iron carboxylates composed of Fe (C 6 H 5 COO) 2 or the like, the oxygen ions constituting the carboxyl group COOH of the carboxylic acid become ligands and approach the divalent iron ions, and the oxygen ions are 2 Coordinates with a valent iron ion. Further, acetylacetone iron Fe (C 5 H 7 O 2 ) 3 has a ligand formed by oxygen ions constituting acetylacetonate C 5 H 7 O 2 — which is a conjugate base of acetylacetone C 5 H 8 O 2. It is an organic iron compound in which acetylacetonate forms a six-membered ring by coordination with iron ions. Such thermal decomposition reaction in iron carboxylate or acetylacetone iron starts thermal decomposition when the boiling point of carboxylic acid or acetylacetone is exceeded, and decomposes into iron oxide FeO and carboxylic acid or acetylacetone. In other words, the oxygen ion constituting the carboxyl group of the carboxylic acid or the oxygen ion constituting the acetylacetonate is coordinated to approach the iron ion, so the distance between the iron ion and the oxygen ion that is the ligand is short. . For this reason, in thermal decomposition, the site | part of the long distance of the opposite side where the oxygen ion which is a ligand couple | bonds with an iron ion cuts first. As a result, iron ions are decomposed into iron oxide FeO combined with oxygen ions and carboxylic acid or acetylacetone. Thereafter, the carboxylic acid or acetylacetone vaporizes by taking the heat of vaporization. On the other hand, the iron oxide FeO undergoes an oxidation reaction in which the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+ as the temperature rises, and the iron oxide FeO has a magnetite Fe 3 O composition of FeO · Fe 2 O 3. 4 When the temperature is further raised, the divalent iron ion Fe 2+ in the FeO constituting the magnetite FeO · Fe 2 O 3 becomes the trivalent iron ion Fe 3+, and the gamma phase of the iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 , that is, into the mag It becomes mit γ-Fe 2 O 3 . Thus, magnetite or magnetite is precipitated by the oxidation reaction of iron oxide FeO. Thereby, the particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member having magnetism.
The above-mentioned iron carboxylate or iron acetylacetone is an industrial chemical that is easy to synthesize and inexpensive because it is a compound of general-purpose carboxylic acid or general-purpose organic matter and iron. A cheap industrial chemical is adsorbed on the shaft part of the shaft member, and magnetite or magnetite particulate fine particles are magnetically adsorbed on the shaft part of the shaft member simply by heat-treating the shaft member in the atmosphere. A new bearing device can be manufactured at low cost. For this reason, this feature means can realize a bearing device having all the properties of the ten items described in the ninth paragraph.
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実施形態1
実施形態1は、熱分解によって酸化鉄FeOを生成する有機鉄化合物を原料として用い、強磁性微粒子を軸部材の軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着させた軸部材を製造する実施形態である。予め有機鉄化合物がn−ブタノールに8重量%として分散させた分散液を作成し、この有機鉄化合物のn−ブタノール分散液を容器に充填する。そして、軸部材の集まりからなる軸部材の軸部を、有機鉄化合物のn−ブタノール分散液に一定時間浸漬させる。これによって、有機鉄化合物のn−ブタノール分散液が軸部の表面と接触する。
次に、容器を図1に示した熱処理を連続して行う。最初に、容器は120℃に設定された低温焼成室Aに一定時間入り、有機鉄化合物のn−ブタノール分散液におけるn−ブタノールが気化し、気化したn−ブタノールは回収機Cで回収する。これによって、有機鉄化合物が軸部の表面に吸着する。さらに、容器は高温焼成室Bに入る。高温焼成室Bは、相対的に低い温度に設定される低温焼成部B1と、相対的に高い温度に設定される高温焼成部B2とからなる。低温焼成部B1は、有機鉄化合物を構成する有機物の沸点より若干高い温度まで昇温され、この後一定時間この温度に保持される。容器が低温焼成部B1に入ると、軸部の表面に吸着した有機鉄化合物が有機物と酸化鉄FeOとに熱分解する。これによって、軸部の表面に酸化鉄FeOが析出する。熱分解で生成された有機物は、有機物回収機Dによって回収される。高温焼成部B2は、酸化鉄FeOがマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトに酸化される温度まで昇温され、この後一定時間この温度に保持される。高温焼成部B2に容器が入ると、酸化鉄FeOがマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトに酸化され、これによって、マグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着する。
以上に説明したように、軸部材の軸部の表面にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材を製造する製造工程は、有機鉄化合物のn−ブタノール分散液に軸部材の集まりからなる軸部材の軸部を浸漬させる工程と、この軸部材の集まりを大気雰囲気で熱処理する工程とを連続して行う。また、軸部材を熱処理する工程は3つの連続した熱処理工程からなる。こうした簡単な連続処理で製造するため、軸部材の軸部にマグネタイトないしはマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりが、極めて安価な製造費用で製造できる。
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 is an embodiment in which an organic iron compound that generates iron oxide FeO by thermal decomposition is used as a raw material, and a shaft member in which ferromagnetic fine particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member is manufactured. A dispersion in which the organic iron compound is previously dispersed in n-butanol as 8% by weight is prepared, and the n-butanol dispersion of the organic iron compound is filled in a container. And the axial part of the axial member which consists of a collection of axial members is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion liquid of an organic iron compound for a fixed time. Thereby, the n-butanol dispersion of the organic iron compound comes into contact with the surface of the shaft portion.
Next, the container is continuously subjected to the heat treatment shown in FIG. First, the container enters a low-temperature baking chamber A set at 120 ° C. for a certain period of time, n-butanol in the n-butanol dispersion of the organic iron compound is vaporized, and the vaporized n-butanol is recovered by the recovery machine C. Thereby, the organic iron compound is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. Further, the container enters the high temperature baking chamber B. The high temperature baking chamber B includes a low temperature baking part B1 set to a relatively low temperature and a high temperature baking part B2 set to a relatively high temperature. The low-temperature calcining part B1 is heated to a temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the organic substance constituting the organic iron compound, and thereafter maintained at this temperature for a certain time. When the container enters the low temperature firing part B1, the organic iron compound adsorbed on the surface of the shaft part is thermally decomposed into an organic substance and iron oxide FeO . As a result, iron oxide FeO is deposited on the surface of the shaft portion. The organic matter produced by the thermal decomposition is collected by the organic matter collecting machine D. The high-temperature fired portion B2 is heated to a temperature at which the iron oxide FeO is oxidized to magnetite or maghemite, and then held at this temperature for a certain time. When the container enters the high-temperature firing part B2, iron oxide FeO is oxidized to magnetite or maghemite, and thereby, the particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed evenly on the surface of the shaft part.
As described above, the manufacturing process for manufacturing the shaft member in which the particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are magnetically adsorbed uniformly on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member is performed in the n-butanol dispersion of the organic iron compound. The step of immersing the shaft portion of the shaft member made of a group of the above and the step of heat-treating the group of shaft members in the air atmosphere are continuously performed. Moreover, the process of heat-treating the shaft member includes three consecutive heat treatment processes. Since it is manufactured by such a simple continuous process, a collection of shaft members in which particulate fine particles made of magnetite or maghemite are uniformly adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member can be manufactured at a very low manufacturing cost.
実施形態2
実施形態2は、実施形態1における有機鉄化合物としてカルボン酸鉄の一種であるナフテン酸鉄Fe(C6H5COO)2を用い、軸部の表面にマグネタイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材を製造する実施形態である。ナフテン酸鉄はナフテン酸C6H5COOHの2分子が鉄と反応して容易に合成されるカルボン酸鉄である。つまり、ナフテン酸を構成するカルボキシル基COOHの水素イオンが、容易に乖離し、乖離した水素イオンと結合していた酸素イオンの部位に、2価の鉄イオンが結合して合成され、構造式がC6H5COO−Fe−OOCC6H5で表わされる安価なカルボン酸鉄化合物である。
図2に、軸部材の軸部の表面に、マグネタイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着した軸部材を製造する製造工程を示す。最初に、ナフテン酸鉄と軸部材の集まりを用意する(S10工程)。軸部材は構造用炭素鋼の一種で、炭素原子が0.25Vol.%を含むS25Cからなる。軸部材はS25Cに限らず、軸受部材の回転力の大きさに合わせて、炭素量が0.25重量%以上の炭素鋼ないしはニッケルクロム鋼、ニッケルクロムモリブデン鋼、クロム鋼、クロムモリブデン鋼などの合金鋼を選択すればよい。次に、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成し、この分散液を容器に充填する(S11工程)。さらにナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に、軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部を浸漬する(S12工程)。次に分散液が入った容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れる。最初に容器は、120℃の低温焼成室Aに5分間入り、n−ブタノールが気化し、気化したn−ブタノールを回収機Cで回収する(S13工程)。これによって、全ての軸受部材の軸部の表面にナフテン酸鉄が吸着する。次に容器は高温焼成室Bに入り、2段階の焼成が行われる。低温焼成部B1は、10℃/分の昇温速度で300℃まで昇温され、300℃に10分間保持される。低温焼成室B1に入った軸部材は、軸部材の軸部に吸着したナフテン酸鉄がナフテン酸と酸化鉄FeOに熱分解し、熱分解で生成されたナフテン酸が完全に気化し、気化したナフテン酸を回収機Dで回収する(S14工程)。この後、軸部材は高温焼成部B2に入る。高温焼成部B2は、300℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で350℃まで昇温され、350℃に30分間保持される。高温焼成部B2に入った軸部材は、軸部に析出した酸化鉄FeOがマグネタイトFe3O4に酸化され、生成されたマグネタイトからなる粒状微粒子は、軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着する(S15工程)。こうして全ての軸部材の軸部の表面は、マグネタイトの粒状微粒子によって満遍なく覆われる。最後に、容器から軸部材の集まりを取り出す(S16工程)。
なお、軸部材の軸部の表面全体にマグネタイトの微粒子が磁気吸着し、本来必要となる軸受部材のすべり面と摺接する軸部の表面以外にもマグネタイトの微粒子が磁気吸着することが問題になる場合は、不要なマグネタイト微粒子に磁石を近づけ、マグネタイト微粒子を磁気吸着によって取り除けば良い。なお、軸部材の軸部に磁気吸着したマグネタイト微粒子は、サブミクロンの大きさより小さいため、こうした微粒子が軸部材の高速回転時に軸部から脱落しても、軸受装置として問題になることは少ない。
Embodiment 2
The second embodiment uses iron naphthenate Fe (C 6 H 5 COO) 2 which is a kind of iron carboxylate as the organic iron compound in the first embodiment, and the shaft on which the magnetite particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. It is embodiment which manufactures a member. Iron naphthenate is an iron carboxylate that is easily synthesized by the reaction of two molecules of naphthenic acid C 6 H 5 COOH with iron. That is, the hydrogen ion of the carboxyl group COOH constituting naphthenic acid is easily separated, and the divalent iron ion is synthesized at the site of the oxygen ion bonded to the separated hydrogen ion, and the structural formula is it is an inexpensive iron carboxylate compound represented by C 6 H 5 COO-Fe- OOCC 6 H 5.
FIG. 2 shows a manufacturing process for manufacturing a shaft member in which magnetite granular fine particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. First, a collection of iron naphthenate and a shaft member is prepared (step S10). The shaft member is a kind of structural carbon steel and has carbon atoms of 0.25 Vol. % Of S25C. The shaft member is not limited to S25C, and carbon steel having a carbon content of 0.25% by weight or more, nickel chrome steel, nickel chrome molybdenum steel, chrome steel, chrome molybdenum steel, etc. according to the rotational force of the bearing member. Alloy steel may be selected. Next, iron naphthenate is weighed to a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and iron naphthenate is mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. The container is filled with this dispersion (step S11). Further, the shaft portion is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate while separating the shaft members from each other (step S12). Next, the container containing the dispersion liquid is placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere. First, the container enters the low-temperature baking chamber A at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, n-butanol is vaporized, and the vaporized n-butanol is collected by the collecting machine C (step S13). As a result, iron naphthenate is adsorbed on the surfaces of the shaft portions of all the bearing members. Next, the container enters the high-temperature baking chamber B, and two-stage baking is performed. The low-temperature fired portion B1 is heated to 300 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and held at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes. The shaft member that entered the low-temperature firing chamber B1 was thermally decomposed by naphthenic acid iron adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member into naphthenic acid and iron oxide FeO, and the naphthenic acid generated by pyrolysis was completely vaporized and vaporized. Naphthenic acid is recovered by the recovery machine D (step S14). Thereafter, the shaft member enters the high-temperature firing part B2. The high-temperature fired portion B2 is heated from 300 ° C. to 350 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 1 ° C./min and held at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes. In the shaft member that has entered the high-temperature fired portion B2, iron oxide FeO deposited on the shaft portion is oxidized to magnetite Fe 3 O 4 , and the generated particulate fine particles made of magnetite are evenly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion (S15). Process). Thus, the surfaces of the shaft portions of all shaft members are uniformly covered with the magnetite granular fine particles. Finally, a collection of shaft members is taken out from the container (step S16).
Magnetite fine particles are magnetically adsorbed to the entire surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member, and magnetite fine particles are magnetically adsorbed in addition to the surface of the shaft portion that is in sliding contact with the sliding surface of the bearing member which is originally required. In this case, the magnet may be brought close to unnecessary magnetite fine particles, and the magnetite fine particles may be removed by magnetic adsorption. Since the magnetite fine particles magnetically adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member are smaller than the submicron size, even if such fine particles fall off the shaft portion when the shaft member rotates at high speed, there is little problem as a bearing device.
実施形態3
実施形態3は、実施形態2におけるナフテン酸鉄Fe(C6H5COO)2を用い、軸部材の軸部の表面にマグへマイトγ−Fe2O3の粒状微粒子を満遍なく磁気吸着させた軸部材を製造する実施形態である。なお、本実施形態は、酸化鉄FeOをマグへマイトに酸化するため、前記した実施形態2におけるS15工程における酸化鉄FeOをマグネタイトに酸化する高温焼成部B2における温度条件が異なり、他の工程は実施形態2と同様である。
最初に、ナフテン酸鉄と軸部材の集まりを用意する(S10工程に相当)。なお、軸部材は構造用炭素鋼の一種で、炭素原子が0.25Vol.%を含むS25Cからなる。次に、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成し
、この分散液を容器に充填する(S11工程に相当)。さらに、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に、軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部を浸漬する(S12工程に相当)。次に、分散液が入った容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れる。最初に容器は120℃の低温焼成室Aに5分間入り、n−ブタノールが気化し、気化したn−ブタノールを回収機Cで回収する(S13工程に相当)。これによって、全ての軸受部材の軸部の表面にナフテン酸鉄が吸着する。次に容器は高温焼成室Bに入る。低温焼成部B1は10℃/分の昇温速度で300℃まで昇温され、300℃に10分間保持される。低温焼成室B1に入った軸部材は、軸部材の軸部に吸着したナフテン酸鉄がナフテン酸と酸化鉄FeOに熱分解し、熱分解によって生成されたナフテン酸が完全に気化し、気化したナフテン酸を回収機Dで回収する(S14工程に相当)。この後、容器は高温焼成部B2に入る。高温焼成部B2は300℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で400℃まで昇温され、400℃に30分間保持される。高温焼成部B2に入った軸部材は、軸部に析出した酸化鉄FeOがマグへマイトに酸化され、生成されたマグへマイトからなる粒状微粒子は、軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着する(S15工程に相当)。こうして全ての軸部材の軸部の表面は、マグへマイトの粒状微粒子によって満遍なく覆われる。最後に、容器から軸部材の集まりを取り出す(S16工程に相当)。
実施形態2で説明したように、軸部材の軸部の表面全体にマグへマイトの微粒子が磁気吸着し、本来必要となる軸受部材のすべり面と摺接する軸部の表面以外にもマグへマイトの微粒子が磁気吸着することが問題になる場合は、不要なマグへマイト微粒子に磁石を近づけ、マグへマイト微粒子を磁気吸着によって取り除けば良い。
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 uses the iron naphthenate Fe (C 6 H 5 COO) 2 in the second embodiment was uniformly magnetically attracted to the shank surface granulated particles of chromite gamma-Fe 2 O 3 to the mug of the shaft member It is embodiment which manufactures a shaft member. In addition, since this embodiment oxidizes iron oxide FeO to magite, the temperature conditions in the high-temperature firing part B2 for oxidizing iron oxide FeO to magnetite in the step S15 in the above-described embodiment 2 are different, and other steps are The same as in the second embodiment.
First, a collection of iron naphthenate and a shaft member is prepared (corresponding to step S10). The shaft member is a kind of structural carbon steel, and the carbon atoms are 0.25 Vol. % Of S25C. Next, iron naphthenate is weighed to a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and iron naphthenate is mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. The dispersion is filled in a container (corresponding to step S11). Furthermore, the shaft portion is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate while separating the shaft members from each other (corresponding to step S12). Next, the container containing the dispersion is placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere. First, the container enters the low-temperature baking chamber A at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, n-butanol is vaporized, and the vaporized n-butanol is collected by the collecting machine C (corresponding to step S13). As a result, iron naphthenate is adsorbed on the surfaces of the shaft portions of all the bearing members. Next, the container enters the high temperature baking chamber B. The low-temperature fired part B1 is heated to 300 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and held at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes. The shaft member that entered the low-temperature firing chamber B1 was thermally decomposed by naphthenic acid iron adsorbed on the shaft portion of the shaft member into naphthenic acid and iron oxide FeO, and the naphthenic acid generated by the thermal decomposition was completely vaporized and vaporized. Naphthenic acid is recovered by the recovery machine D (corresponding to step S14). After this, the container enters the high temperature firing section B2. The high-temperature fired portion B2 is heated from 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 1 ° C./min and held at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. In the shaft member entering the high-temperature fired portion B2, iron oxide FeO deposited on the shaft portion is oxidized into maghemite, and the generated particulate fine particles made of maghemite are magnetically adsorbed evenly on the surface of the shaft portion (S15). Equivalent to the process). Thus, the surfaces of the shaft portions of all the shaft members are uniformly covered with the granular fine particles of maghemite. Finally, a collection of shaft members is taken out from the container (corresponding to step S16).
As described in the second embodiment, the fine particles of magnetite are magnetically adsorbed on the entire surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member, and in addition to the surface of the shaft portion that is slidably in contact with the sliding surface of the bearing member, which is originally required, the magnet may If it becomes a problem that the fine particles are magnetically adsorbed, the magnet may be brought close to the unnecessary magite fine particles, and the fine particles may be removed by magnetic adsorption.
実施例1
実施例1は、ナフテン酸鉄を用いて、軸部材の軸部の表面に、マグネタイト微粒子を満遍なく磁気吸着させた実施形態2に係わる実施例である。
最初に、原料となるナフテン酸鉄と溶媒のn−ブタノールと軸部材を用意する。ナフテン酸鉄は、金属石鹸として市販されているナフテン酸鉄(例えば、東栄化工株式会社の製品)を用いた。n−ブタノールは試薬一級品を用いた。軸部材は構造用炭素鋼の一種で、炭素原子が0.25Vol.%を含むS25Cで構成した。
次に、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、このナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成した。この分散液を容器に充填し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部を浸漬させた。なお、円盤状の板に多数の穴が設けられた治具を用意し、この治具の穴に軸部材を配置し、この治具をナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液が入った容器に配置することで、軸部材の軸部がナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に浸漬する。
さらに、容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れて熱処理を行なった。最初に、容器を120℃に5分間放置してn−ブタノールを気化させ、気化したn−ブタノールは回収機で回収した。n−ブタノールが気化した後は、全ての軸部材の軸部の表面にナフテン酸鉄が吸着する。次に、10℃/分の昇温速度で120℃から300℃まで昇温し、さらに、300℃に10分間放置して、ナフテン酸鉄をナフテン酸と酸化鉄FeOに熱分解した。熱分解によって生成されたナフテン酸は気化し、気化したナフテン酸は回収機で回収した。この後、300℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で350℃まで昇温し、さらに350℃に30分間放置して、熱分解で生成された酸化鉄FeOをマグネタイトFe3O4に酸化させた。最後に、マグネタイト微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりを治具から取り出した。
次に、前記した条件で製作した軸部材について軸部の観察を行ない、目的とするマグネタイト微粒子が確実に軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着されているかを観察した。最初に、軸部の表面から軸部の一部を試料として取り出し、試料を電子顕微鏡で観察した。電子顕微鏡は、JFEテクノリサーチ株式会社の極低加速電圧SEMを用いた。この装置は100Vからの極低加速電圧による表面観察が可能で、さらに試料に導電性の被膜を形成せずに直接試料の表面が観察できる特徴を有する装置である。反射電子線の900−1kVの間にある2次電子線を取り出して画像処理を行い、試料表面の凹凸を観察した。極めて多数の40−60nmの大きさからなる粒状の微粒子が、試料の表面全体に満遍なく吸着していることが確認できた。次に、特性X線のエネルギーとその強度を画像処理し、試料表面に吸着した粒状微粒子を構成する元素の種類とその分布状態を分析した。鉄原子、酸素原子の双方が表面に均一に存在し、特段に偏在する箇所が見られなかったため、酸化鉄からなる粒状微粒子が吸着していることが確認できた。さらに極低加速電圧SEMの機能にEBSP解析機能を付加し、結晶構造の解析を行なった。この結果から、試料の表面全体に吸着した粒状微粒子がマグネタイトであることが確認できた。なお、EBSP解析機能とは、試料に電子線を照射したとき、反射電子が試料中の原子面によって回折されることによってバンド状のパターンを形成し、このバンドの対称性が結晶系に対応し、バンドの間隔が原子面間隔に対応しているため、このパターンを解析することで、結晶方位や結晶系を測定する機能をいう。
以上に説明した試料の電子顕微鏡による観察結果から、軸部材の軸部の表面全体に極めて多数のマグネタイトの粒状微粒子が磁気吸着している事実が確認できた。この結果、前記で説明した条件でナフテン酸鉄を大気中で熱処理することで、軸部の表面にマグネタイト微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着することが確認できた。この軸部がすべり面と摺動することで、8段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する軸受装置となる。
なお、軸受部材は、軸部材の回転力の大きさに応じて、従来における黄銅、青銅などの銅合金や、バビットメタルと呼ばれる錫銅合金、錫アンチモン銅合金、鉛アンチモン錫合金や、ケルメットと呼ばれる銅鉛合金や、カドミウム合金やアルミニウム合金、ないしは合成樹脂軸からなる部材ですべり面を形成すればよい。また、軸受部材とのはめあい公差は、すべり面の内径公差をH7とし、軸部の外径公差をf6ないしはe6とするため、すべり面の内径と軸部の外径とをはめあい公差に基づいて加工すればよい。これによって、軸部とすべり面との間には最低でも25ミクロンの隙間が形成される。いっぽう、軸部に磁気吸着するマグネタイトの大きさは40−60nmであるため、軸部材に軸受部材を組み付ける際にマグネタイト微粒子が軸部から剥がされることはない。
Example 1
Example 1 is an example according to Embodiment 2 in which magnetite fine particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member using iron naphthenate.
First, iron naphthenate as a raw material, n-butanol as a solvent, and a shaft member are prepared. As iron naphthenate, iron naphthenate commercially available as a metal soap (for example, a product of Toei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. For n-butanol, a reagent first grade was used. The shaft member is a kind of structural carbon steel and has carbon atoms of 0.25 Vol. % S25C.
Next, iron naphthenate is weighed so as to have a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and this iron naphthenate is mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. did. The dispersion was filled in a container, and the shaft members were immersed in an n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate while the shaft members were separated from each other. In addition, prepare a jig with a large number of holes in a disk-shaped plate, place a shaft member in the hole of this jig, and place this jig in a container containing n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. By arrange | positioning, the axial part of a shaft member is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate.
Furthermore, the container was placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere for heat treatment. First, the container was allowed to stand at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to vaporize n-butanol, and the vaporized n-butanol was recovered by a recovery machine. After n-butanol is vaporized, iron naphthenate is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of all shaft members. Next, the temperature was raised from 120 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and further left to stand at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes to thermally decompose iron naphthenate into naphthenic acid and iron oxide FeO. Naphthenic acid produced by pyrolysis was vaporized, and the vaporized naphthenic acid was recovered by a recovery machine. Thereafter, the temperature is increased from 300 ° C. to 350 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C./min, and further left at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to oxidize iron oxide FeO generated by pyrolysis to magnetite Fe 3 O 4. It was. Finally, a collection of shaft members on which magnetite fine particles were magnetically adsorbed was taken out of the jig.
Next, the shaft portion of the shaft member manufactured under the above conditions was observed, and it was observed whether the target magnetite fine particles were reliably magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. First, a part of the shaft portion was taken out as a sample from the surface of the shaft portion, and the sample was observed with an electron microscope. The electron microscope used was an ultra-low acceleration voltage SEM from JFE Techno-Research Corporation. This apparatus is capable of observing the surface with an extremely low acceleration voltage from 100 V, and further has a feature that the surface of the sample can be directly observed without forming a conductive film on the sample. A secondary electron beam between 900-1 kV of the reflected electron beam was taken out, image processing was performed, and the unevenness of the sample surface was observed. It was confirmed that an extremely large number of granular fine particles having a size of 40-60 nm were uniformly adsorbed on the entire surface of the sample. Next, the energy and intensity of characteristic X-rays were subjected to image processing, and the types of elements constituting the particulate particles adsorbed on the sample surface and their distribution states were analyzed. Both iron atoms and oxygen atoms were present uniformly on the surface, and no particularly uneven locations were found. Thus, it was confirmed that particulate fine particles made of iron oxide were adsorbed. Furthermore, an EBSP analysis function was added to the function of the extremely low acceleration voltage SEM, and the crystal structure was analyzed. From this result, it was confirmed that the particulate fine particles adsorbed on the entire surface of the sample were magnetite. The EBSP analysis function means that when a sample is irradiated with an electron beam, reflected electrons are diffracted by the atomic plane in the sample to form a band-like pattern, and the symmetry of this band corresponds to the crystal system. Since the band interval corresponds to the atomic plane interval, the function of measuring the crystal orientation and the crystal system by analyzing this pattern.
From the observation results of the sample described above with an electron microscope, it was confirmed that a large number of granular fine particles of magnetite were magnetically adsorbed on the entire surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. As a result, it was confirmed that the magnetite fine particles were uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion by heat-treating iron naphthenate in the air under the conditions described above. By sliding the shaft portion with the sliding surface, the bearing device has all the properties of the ten items described in the eighth paragraph.
Depending on the magnitude of the rotational force of the shaft member, the bearing member may be a conventional copper alloy such as brass or bronze, a tin-copper alloy called bavit metal, a tin antimony copper alloy, a lead antimony tin alloy, or Kelmet. A sliding surface may be formed by a member made of a copper lead alloy, a cadmium alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a synthetic resin shaft. The fit tolerance with the bearing member is based on the fit tolerance between the inner diameter of the slide surface and the outer diameter of the shaft portion because the inner diameter tolerance of the slide surface is H7 and the outer diameter tolerance of the shaft portion is f6 or e6. Process it. As a result, a gap of at least 25 microns is formed between the shaft portion and the sliding surface. On the other hand, since the size of magnetite magnetically adsorbed on the shaft portion is 40-60 nm, the magnetite fine particles are not peeled off from the shaft portion when the bearing member is assembled to the shaft member.
実施例2
実施例2は、ナフテン酸鉄を用いて、軸部材の軸部の表面に、満遍なくマグへマイト微粒子を磁気吸着させた実施形態3に係わる実施例である。
最初に、原料となるナフテン酸鉄と溶媒のn−ブタノールと軸部材を用意する。ナフテン酸鉄は、金属石鹸として市販されているナフテン酸鉄(例えば、東栄化工株式会社の製品)を用いた。n−ブタノールは試薬一級品を用いた。軸部材は構造用炭素鋼の一種で、炭素原子が0.25Vol.%を含むS25Cで構成した。
次に、ナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、このナフテン酸鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成した。この分散液を容器に充填し、ナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部材の軸部を浸漬させた。なお、円盤状の板に多数の穴が設けられた治具を用意し、この治具の穴に軸部材を配置し、この治具をナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液が入った容器に配置することで、軸部材の軸部がナフテン酸鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に浸漬する。
さらに、容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れて熱処理を行なった。最初に、容器を120℃の低温焼成室に5分間放置してn−ブタノールを気化させ、気化したn−ブタノールは回収機で回収した。n−ブタノールが気化した後は、全ての軸部材の軸部の表面にナフテン酸鉄が吸着する。次に、10℃/分の昇温速度で300℃まで昇温し、さらに、300℃に10分間放置して、ナフテン酸鉄をナフテン酸と酸化鉄FeOに熱分解した。熱分解によって生成されたナフテン酸は気化し、気化したナフテン酸は回収機で回収した。この後、300℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で400℃まで昇温し、さらに400℃に30分間放置して、熱分解で生成された酸化鉄FeOをマグへマイトに酸化させた。最後に、マグへマイト微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりを治具から取り出した。
次に、前記した条件で製作した軸部材の軸部の一部を試料として取り出し、試料の観察を行ない、目的とするマグへマイト微粒子が確実に軸部の表面に満遍なく磁気吸着されているかを観察した。試料表面は実施例1で用いた電子顕微鏡で観察した。反射電子線の900−1kVの間にある2次電子線を取り出して画像処理を行い試料表面の凹凸を観察した。試料には、極めて多数の40−60nmの大きさからなる粒状の微粒子が、軸部の表面全体に満遍なく形成されていることが確認できた。次に、特性X線のエネルギーとその強度を画像処理し、試料表面に吸着した粒状微粒子を構成する元素の種類とその分布状態を分析した。鉄原子、酸素原子の双方が表面に均一に存在し、特段に偏在する箇所が見られなかったため、酸化鉄からなる粒状微粒子であることが確認できた。さらに、極低加速電圧SEMの機能にEBSP解析機能を付加し、結晶構造の解析を行なった。この結果から、試料表面に形成された粒状微粒子がマグへマイトであることが確認できた。
以上に説明した試料表面の電子顕微鏡による観察結果から、軸部材の軸部の表面にマグへマイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着している事実が確認できた。この結果から、前記で説明した条件でナフテン酸鉄を大気中で熱処理することで、軸部の表面にマグへマイト微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着することが確認できた。この軸部がすべり面と摺動することで、8段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する軸受装置となる。
なお、軸受部材は、軸部材の回転力の大きさに応じて、実施例1で説明した材質ですべり面を形成すればよい。また、すべり面の内径と軸部の外径との加工精度は、実施例1で説明したはめあい公差に基づいて加工すればよい。これによって、軸部とすべり面との間には最低でも25ミクロンの隙間が形成される。いっぽう、軸部に磁気吸着するマグへマイトの大きさは40−60nmであるため、軸部材に軸受部材を組み付ける際にマグへマイト微粒子が軸部からはがされることはない。
Example 2
Example 2 is an example according to the third embodiment in which iron naphthenate is used to uniformly adsorb the mitite fine particles to the mag on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member.
First, iron naphthenate as a raw material, n-butanol as a solvent, and a shaft member are prepared. As iron naphthenate, iron naphthenate commercially available as a metal soap (for example, a product of Toei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. For n-butanol, a reagent first grade was used. The shaft member is a kind of structural carbon steel and has carbon atoms of 0.25 Vol. % S25C.
Next, iron naphthenate is weighed so as to have a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and this iron naphthenate is mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. did. The container was filled with this dispersion, and the shaft members were immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate so that the shaft portions of the shaft members were immersed. In addition, prepare a jig with a large number of holes in a disk-shaped plate, place a shaft member in the hole of this jig, and place this jig in a container containing n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate. By arrange | positioning, the axial part of a shaft member is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of iron naphthenate.
Furthermore, the container was placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere for heat treatment. First, the container was left in a low-temperature baking chamber at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to vaporize n-butanol, and the vaporized n-butanol was recovered by a recovery machine. After n-butanol is vaporized, iron naphthenate is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of all shaft members. Next, it heated up to 300 degreeC with the temperature increase rate of 10 degree-C / min, and also left to stand at 300 degreeC for 10 minutes, and thermally decomposed iron naphthenate into naphthenic acid and iron oxide FeO. Naphthenic acid produced by pyrolysis was vaporized, and the vaporized naphthenic acid was recovered by a recovery machine. Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C./min, and further allowed to stand at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to oxidize iron oxide FeO produced by pyrolysis to magmite. Finally, a collection of shaft members on which magnetite fine particles were magnetically adsorbed to the mag were taken out from the jig.
Next, a part of the shaft portion of the shaft member manufactured under the above conditions is taken out as a sample, and the sample is observed to check whether the target maghemite fine particles are reliably magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. Observed. The sample surface was observed with the electron microscope used in Example 1. A secondary electron beam between 900 and 1 kV of the reflected electron beam was taken out and subjected to image processing to observe irregularities on the sample surface. It was confirmed that an extremely large number of granular fine particles having a size of 40-60 nm were uniformly formed on the entire surface of the shaft portion in the sample. Next, the energy and intensity of characteristic X-rays were subjected to image processing, and the types of elements constituting the particulate particles adsorbed on the sample surface and their distribution states were analyzed. Both iron atoms and oxygen atoms were present uniformly on the surface, and no particularly uneven locations were found, so it was confirmed that they were granular fine particles made of iron oxide. Furthermore, an EBSP analysis function was added to the function of the extremely low acceleration voltage SEM, and the crystal structure was analyzed. From this result, it was confirmed that the particulate fine particles formed on the sample surface were maghemite.
From the observation result of the surface of the sample described above with an electron microscope, it was confirmed that the particulate fine particles of magnetite were evenly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. From this result, it was confirmed that the iron naphthenate was heat-treated in the air under the conditions described above, and the magnetite fine particles were uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion. By sliding the shaft portion with the sliding surface, the bearing device has all the properties of the ten items described in the eighth paragraph.
The bearing member may be formed with the sliding surface using the material described in the first embodiment in accordance with the magnitude of the rotational force of the shaft member. Further, the processing accuracy between the inner diameter of the sliding surface and the outer diameter of the shaft portion may be processed based on the fit tolerance described in the first embodiment. As a result, a gap of at least 25 microns is formed between the shaft portion and the sliding surface. On the other hand, since the size of the maghemite that is magnetically adsorbed to the shaft portion is 40-60 nm, when the bearing member is assembled to the shaft member, the maghemite fine particles are not peeled off from the shaft portion.
実施例3
実施例3は、実施形態1における有機鉄化合物としてアセチルアセトン鉄を用いて、軸部材の軸部の表面にマグネタイト微粒子を満遍なく磁気吸着させた実施例である。アセチルアセトン鉄は、アセチルアセトンの3分子が鉄と反応して容易に生成される有機鉄化合物であり、アセチルアセトンの共役塩基であるアセチルアセトナートを構成する酸素イオンが配位子となって鉄イオンと結合し、アセチルアセトナートが六員環を形成する安価な有機鉄化合物である。
最初に、原料となるアセチルアセトン鉄とn−ブタノールと軸部材の集まりとを用意する。なお、アセチルアセトン鉄は、金属石鹸として市販されているアセチルアセトン鉄(例えば、日本化学産業株式会社の製品であるナーセム第二鉄)を用いた。n−ブタノールは試薬一級品を用いた。軸部材は、構造用炭素鋼の一種であるS25Cから構成した。
次に、アセチルアセトン鉄を、n−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、このアセチルアセトン鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、アセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成した。この分散液を容器に充填し、この容器に軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部を浸漬させた。なお、円盤状の板に多数の穴が設けられた治具を用意し、この治具の穴に軸部材を配置し、この治具をアセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液が入った容器に配置することで、軸部材の軸部がアセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に浸漬する。
さらに、容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れて熱処理を行なった。最初に、容器を120℃に5分間放置してn−ブタノールを気化させ、気化したn−ブタノールは回収機で回収した。n−ブタノールが気化した後は、全ての軸部材の軸部の表面にアセチルアセトン鉄が吸着する。次に10℃/分の昇温速度で120℃から330℃まで昇温し、330℃に10分間放置して、アセチルアセトン鉄をアセチルアセトンと酸化鉄FeOに熱分解した。熱分解で生成されたアセチルアセトンは気化し、気化したアセチルアセトンは回収機で回収した。この後、330℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で350℃まで昇温し、350℃に30分間放置し、熱分解で生成された酸化鉄FeOをマグネタイトに酸化させた。最後に、マグネタイト微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりを治具から取り出した。
次に、前記した条件で製作した軸部材の軸部の試料について、26段落で説明した観察と同様の観察を行ない、軸部材の軸部の表面に40−60nmの大きさからなるマグネタイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着している事実を確認した。この結果から、前記で説明した条件でアセチルアセトン鉄を大気中で熱処理することで、軸部の表面にマグネタイト微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着することが確認できた。この軸部がすべり面と摺動することで、8段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する軸受装置となる。
なお、軸受部材は、軸部材の回転力の大きさに応じて、実施例1で説明した材質ですべり面を形成すればよい。また、すべり面の内径と軸部の外径との加工精度は、実施例1で説明したはめあい公差に基づいて加工すればよい。これによって、軸部とすべり面との間には最低でも25ミクロンの隙間が形成される。いっぽう、軸部に磁気吸着するマグネタイトの大きさは40−60nmであるため、軸部材に軸受部材を組み付ける際にマグネタイト微粒子が軸部からはがされることはない。
Example 3
Example 3 is an example in which acetylacetone iron is used as the organic iron compound in Embodiment 1 and magnetite fine particles are uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. Acetylacetone iron is an organic iron compound that is easily generated by the reaction of three molecules of acetylacetone with iron. Oxygen ions constituting acetylacetonate, which is a conjugate base of acetylacetone, bind to iron ions as a ligand. In addition, acetylacetonate is an inexpensive organic iron compound that forms a six-membered ring.
First, acetylacetone iron, n-butanol and a collection of shaft members as raw materials are prepared. As acetylacetone iron , acetylacetone iron commercially available as a metal soap (for example, Nersem ferric iron, a product of Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used. For n-butanol, a reagent first grade was used. The shaft member was made of S25C, which is a kind of structural carbon steel.
Next, acetylacetone iron was weighed so as to have a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and this acetylacetone iron was mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron. The dispersion liquid was filled in a container, and the shaft member was immersed in the container with the collection of shaft members separated from each other. In addition, prepare a jig with many holes in a disk-shaped plate, place a shaft member in the hole of this jig, and place this jig in a container containing n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron Thus, the shaft portion of the shaft member is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron.
Furthermore, the container was placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere for heat treatment. First, the container was allowed to stand at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to vaporize n-butanol, and the vaporized n-butanol was recovered by a recovery machine. After n-butanol is vaporized, acetylacetone iron is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of all shaft members. Then the temperature was raised to 330 ° C. from 120 ° C. to 10 ° C. / minute heating rate, and allowed to stand for 10 minutes to 330 ° C., pyrolyzed acetylacetone iron acetylacetonate and iron oxide FeO. The acetylacetone produced by the thermal decomposition was vaporized, and the vaporized acetylacetone was collected by a recovery machine. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 350 ° C. at 1 ° C. / minute heating rate from 330 ° C., allowed to stand at 350 ° C. 30 minutes, and the iron oxide FeO produced in the pyrolysis is oxidized to magnetite. Finally, a collection of shaft members on which magnetite fine particles were magnetically adsorbed was taken out of the jig.
Next, the sample of the shaft portion of the shaft member manufactured under the above-mentioned conditions is observed in the same manner as the observation described in paragraph 26, and the magnetite particles having a size of 40-60 nm are formed on the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member. The fact that the fine particles are evenly magnetically adsorbed was confirmed. From this result, it was confirmed that magnetite fine particles were uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion by heat-treating acetylacetone iron in the air under the conditions described above. By sliding the shaft portion with the sliding surface, the bearing device has all the properties of the ten items described in the eighth paragraph.
In addition, what is necessary is just to form a sliding surface for the bearing member with the material demonstrated in Example 1 according to the magnitude | size of the rotational force of a shaft member. Further, the processing accuracy between the inner diameter of the sliding surface and the outer diameter of the shaft portion may be processed based on the fitting tolerance described in the first embodiment. As a result, a gap of at least 25 microns is formed between the shaft portion and the sliding surface. On the other hand, since the size of magnetite magnetically adsorbed on the shaft portion is 40-60 nm, the magnetite fine particles are not peeled off from the shaft portion when the bearing member is assembled to the shaft member.
実施例4
実施例4は、実施例3におけるアセチルアセトン鉄を用いて、軸部材の軸部の表面にマグへマイト微粒子を満遍なく磁気吸着させた実施例である。
最初に、原料となるアセチルアセトン鉄とn−ブタノールと軸部材の集まりとを用意する。なお、アセチルアセトン鉄は、金属石鹸として市販されているアセチルアセトン鉄(例えば、日本化学産業株式会社の製品であるナーセム第二鉄)を用いた。n−ブタノールは試薬一級品を用いた。軸部材は構造用炭素鋼の一種であるS25Cから構成した。
次に、アセチルアセトン鉄を、n−ブタノールに対し8重量%の割合になるように秤量し、このアセチルアセトン鉄をn−ブタノールに混合して撹拌し、アセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液を作成した。この分散液を容器に充填し、この容器に軸部材の集まりを互いに離間させて軸部を浸漬させた。なお、円盤状の板に多数の穴が設けられた治具を用意し、この治具の穴に軸部材を配置し、この治具をアセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液が入った容器に配置することで、軸部材の軸部がアセチルアセトン鉄のn−ブタノール分散液に浸漬する。
さらに、容器を大気雰囲気の熱処理炉に入れて熱処理を行なった。最初に、容器を120℃に5分間放置してn−ブタノールを気化させ、気化したn−ブタノールは回収機で回収した。n−ブタノールが気化した後は、全ての軸部材の軸部の表面にアセチルアセトン鉄が吸着する。次に10℃/分の昇温速度で120℃から330℃まで昇温し、330℃に10分間放置して、アセチルアセトン鉄をアセチルアセトンと酸化鉄FeOに熱分解した。熱分解によって生成されたアセチルアセトンは気化し、気化したアセチルアセトンは回収機で回収した。この後、330℃から1℃/分の昇温速度で430℃まで昇温し、430℃に30分間放置して、熱分解で生成された酸化鉄FeOをマグへマイトに酸化させた。最後に、マグへマイト微粒子が磁気吸着した軸部材の集まりを治具から取り出した。
次に、前記した条件で製作した軸部材の軸部の試料について、27段落で説明した観察と同様の観察を行ない、軸部材の軸部に40−60nmの大きさからなるマグへマイトの粒状微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着している事実を確認した。この結果から、前記で説明した条件でアセチルアセトン鉄を大気中で熱処理することで、軸部の表面にマグへマイト微粒子が満遍なく磁気吸着することが確認できた。この軸部がすべり面と摺動することで、8段落で説明した10項目の全ての性質を兼備する軸受装置となる。
なお、軸受部材は、軸部材の回転力の大きさに応じて、実施例1で説明した材質ですべり面を形成すればよい。また、すべり面の内径と軸部の外径との加工精度は、実施例1で説明したはめあい公差に基づいて加工すればよい。これによって、軸部とすべり面との間には最低でも25ミクロンの隙間が形成される。いっぽう、軸部に磁気吸着するマグへマイトの大きさは40−60nmであるため、軸部材に軸受部材を組み付ける際にマグへマイト微粒子が軸部からはがされることはない。
Example 4
Example 4 is an example in which acetylacetone iron in Example 3 is used to uniformly adsorb magnetite fine particles onto the surface of the shaft portion of the shaft member.
First, acetylacetone iron, n-butanol and a collection of shaft members as raw materials are prepared. As acetylacetone iron , acetylacetone iron commercially available as a metal soap (for example, Nersem ferric iron, a product of Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used. For n-butanol, a reagent first grade was used. The shaft member was composed of S25C, which is a kind of structural carbon steel.
Next, acetylacetone iron was weighed so as to have a ratio of 8% by weight with respect to n-butanol, and this acetylacetone iron was mixed with n-butanol and stirred to prepare an n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron. The dispersion liquid was filled in a container, and the shaft member was immersed in the container with the collection of shaft members separated from each other. In addition, prepare a jig with many holes in a disk-shaped plate, place a shaft member in the hole of this jig, and place this jig in a container containing n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron Thus, the shaft portion of the shaft member is immersed in the n-butanol dispersion of acetylacetone iron.
Furthermore, the container was placed in a heat treatment furnace in an air atmosphere for heat treatment. First, the container was allowed to stand at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to vaporize n-butanol, and the vaporized n-butanol was recovered by a recovery machine. After n-butanol is vaporized, acetylacetone iron is adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion of all shaft members. Then the temperature was raised to 330 ° C. from 120 ° C. to 10 ° C. / minute heating rate, and allowed to stand for 10 minutes to 330 ° C., pyrolyzed acetylacetone iron acetylacetonate and iron oxide FeO. The acetylacetone produced by the thermal decomposition was vaporized, and the vaporized acetylacetone was collected by a recovery machine. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 1 ° C. / minute 430 ° C. at a heating rate of from 330 ° C., and allowed to stand for 30 minutes to 430 ° C., was oxidized in chromite to iron oxide FeO generated by pyrolysis to mug. Finally, a collection of shaft members on which magnetite fine particles were magnetically adsorbed to the mag were taken out from the jig.
Next, the same observation as described in paragraph 27 is performed on the sample of the shaft portion of the shaft member manufactured under the above-described conditions, and the maghemite granular having a size of 40-60 nm is formed on the shaft portion of the shaft member. The fact that the fine particles are evenly magnetically adsorbed was confirmed. From this result, it was confirmed that the magnesite fine particles were uniformly magnetically adsorbed on the surface of the shaft portion by heat-treating acetylacetone iron in the air under the conditions described above. By sliding the shaft portion with the sliding surface, the bearing device has all the properties of the ten items described in the eighth paragraph.
In addition, what is necessary is just to form a sliding surface for the bearing member with the material demonstrated in Example 1 according to the magnitude | size of the rotational force of a shaft member. Further, the processing accuracy between the inner diameter of the sliding surface and the outer diameter of the shaft portion may be processed based on the fitting tolerance described in the first embodiment. As a result, a gap of at least 25 microns is formed between the shaft portion and the sliding surface. On the other hand, since the size of the maghemite that is magnetically adsorbed to the shaft portion is 40-60 nm, when the bearing member is assembled to the shaft member, the maghemite fine particles are not peeled off from the shaft portion.
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