JP6216163B2 - Agglomeration aid for porous charcoal, filter aid for porous charcoal, production method thereof, and water treatment method - Google Patents
Agglomeration aid for porous charcoal, filter aid for porous charcoal, production method thereof, and water treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、排水処理や浄水処理等の水処理において、微粒子等の固形物を含む被処理懸濁水から固形分を分離する固液分離工程に使用される多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及び水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal used in a solid-liquid separation process for separating a solid content from a suspension water to be treated containing solids such as fine particles in water treatment such as wastewater treatment and water purification, and The present invention relates to a filter aid for carbon and a water treatment method.
従来の水処理では、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理には、凝集剤及び凝集助剤を利用しフロックを形成させ、重力沈降や浮上分離等の固形物分離システム、及びろ過等が行われている。 In conventional water treatment, flocs are formed using a flocculant and an agglomeration aid for the separation of fine particulate solids such as suspended substances and turbidity components, and solids separation systems such as gravity sedimentation and flotation separation, And filtration is performed.
凝集処理においては、例えばコロイド粒子のような微細な粒子が懸濁している系では、短時間に効率的に固液分離を行うことは容易ではなく、処理設備の大型化、処理時間を要する等の問題点を抱えている。 In the agglomeration process, for example, in a system in which fine particles such as colloidal particles are suspended, it is not easy to efficiently perform solid-liquid separation in a short time, and the processing equipment is increased in size and requires processing time. Have the problems.
ろ過処理においては、微細な粒子がろ材を閉塞させてしまうため、連続的に、効率的にろ過を行うことは容易ではない。このため、凝集処理、及びろ過処理に際しては、珪藻土等の多孔質体を利用した凝集助剤、ろ過助剤が用いられている。 In the filtration process, since fine particles block the filter medium, it is not easy to perform continuous and efficient filtration. For this reason, in the aggregation treatment and the filtration treatment, an aggregation aid and a filtration aid using a porous material such as diatomaceous earth are used.
特許文献1では、無機系凝集剤と、有機系凝集剤を用いて、原水中の懸濁物質などの不純物を除去する凝集方法について開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a flocculation method for removing impurities such as suspended substances in raw water using an inorganic flocculating agent and an organic flocculating agent.
珪藻土自体の賦存量は豊富にあるが、採掘し易く、且つ水処理に利用できる高品質の珪藻土は必ずしも無尽蔵ではない。また、凝集処理、ろ過処理後の珪藻土助剤の処分は、ほとんど減容することもできないため、一部セメント材料等に活用されている事例もあるが、大部分は廃棄物となっている。 Although there is an abundance of diatomaceous earth itself, high-quality diatomaceous earth that is easy to mine and can be used for water treatment is not necessarily inexhaustible. In addition, the disposal of the diatomaceous earth aid after the coagulation treatment and filtration treatment can hardly be reduced, so there are some cases where it is used for cement materials, etc., but most are waste.
従って、本発明の課題は、もみ殻等の有機性廃棄物から製造される多孔質炭を利用し、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及びその水処理方法を提供することである。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to use porous charcoal produced from organic waste such as rice husk, so that solid-liquid separation can be efficiently performed with a small addition amount, and the volume of waste after treatment can be reduced. An object is to provide an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal, a filter aid for porous charcoal, and a water treatment method thereof.
本発明者は、被処理懸濁水に各種多孔質炭と凝集剤を添加した場合の上澄み液の濁度、及び沈降速度、並びにフロック径を調査した。その結果、炭化温度500℃〜600℃の多孔質のもみ殻炭と凝集剤の選定、及び添加割合が重要で、この特性を特定した時に、沈降速度の改善と良好なフロック成長が認められ、この知見に基づき本発明に至った。 The inventor investigated the turbidity, sedimentation rate, and floc diameter of the supernatant liquid when various porous charcoal and flocculant were added to the suspension water to be treated. As a result, selection of porous rice husk charcoal with a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. and a flocculant, and the addition ratio are important, and when this property is specified, improvement in sedimentation rate and good floc growth are observed, Based on this finding, the present invention has been reached.
本発明の凝集助剤、ろ過助剤の製造方法は、もみ殻等の有機物を、無酸素雰囲気中にて撹拌しながら炭化し、且つ、熱分解時に原材料より発生する乾留ガスや水蒸気によって賦活処理することを特徴とするものである。 The method for producing a coagulant aid and filter aid of the present invention comprises carbonizing organic matter such as rice husks while stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and activation treatment by dry distillation gas or water vapor generated from raw materials during thermal decomposition. It is characterized by doing.
かかる本発明によると、もみ殻等の原材料は、素材が有する天然の微細構造を維持したまま、高純度の炭素固定がなされ、且つ、賦活処理によって超微細孔が発達し、大きな比表面積を有する高機能の多孔質炭となり、珪藻土の凝集助剤、ろ過助剤機能に匹敵、またはこれを越える性能を有したろ材となる。 According to the present invention, raw materials such as rice husks are fixed with high-purity carbon while maintaining the natural fine structure of the raw materials, and have ultra-fine pores developed by activation treatment and have a large specific surface area. It becomes a high-performance porous charcoal, and a filter medium having a performance comparable to or exceeding the function of a coagulant aid and filter aid for diatomaceous earth.
一般に、有機物の懸濁物質は、有機物表面で乖離した官能基のため、pH5以上の中性域における表面電位は負に帯電するものが多い。また、無機物の懸濁物質、例えばシルト等は、ケイ酸の等電点がpH1〜2程度にあるために、中性域では負に帯電するものが多い。 In general, many organic suspended substances are negatively charged in the neutral region of pH 5 or higher because of functional groups separated from the surface of the organic substance. In addition, many inorganic suspended substances, such as silt, are negatively charged in the neutral range because the isoelectric point of silicic acid is about pH 1-2.
このような系における凝集剤の主な働きは、これらの表面電荷を相殺して、懸濁微粒子同士の電気的な反発力を打ち消し、ファンデルワールス力等によって凝集させるものである。 The main function of the aggregating agent in such a system is to cancel these surface charges, cancel the electric repulsive force between the suspended fine particles, and agglomerate by van der Waals force or the like.
さて、炭化物の液中における表面電位は、前述のような懸濁物質と同じく負であるため、単に多孔質炭を懸濁水中に投じただけでは、電気的な反発力により凝集は起こり難い。そこで、予め懸濁水に凝集剤を投じ、懸濁物質の表面電荷を相殺、又は正に帯電させ、その後系中に多孔質炭を投じると、負に帯電した炭化物の孔中に懸濁質が取り込まれることになる。あるいは高分子系凝集剤を用いた場合には、高分子架橋によって炭化物の孔中に懸濁質が取り込まれることになる。 Now, since the surface potential in the liquid of the carbide is negative like the suspended substance as described above, aggregation is unlikely to occur due to the electric repulsive force simply by throwing the porous charcoal into the suspended water. Therefore, if the flocculant is poured into suspension water in advance, the surface charge of the suspended matter is offset or positively charged, and then the porous charcoal is thrown into the system, the suspended matter is found in the negatively charged carbide pores. Will be captured. Alternatively, when a polymer flocculant is used, suspended solids are taken into the pores of the carbide by polymer crosslinking.
更に、本発明における多孔質炭の細孔は、素材の天然の微細構造が保たれていることに加えて、炭化時に素材から発生する乾留ガスや水蒸気によって賦活もなされているため、孔径数十μ〜数Åまでの広い範囲に渡って分布している。これは、凝集し難い微細粒子の径をカバーしており、このような細孔へ微粒子が取り込まれ、電気的に、あるいは高分子架橋によって、拘束されることにより、速やかに凝集物が形成され、沈殿やろ過が容易になる。 Furthermore, the pores of the porous coal in the present invention are activated by dry distillation gas and water vapor generated from the raw material during carbonization in addition to maintaining the natural fine structure of the raw material. It is distributed over a wide range from μ to several liters. This covers the diameter of fine particles that are difficult to agglomerate, and the fine particles are taken into such pores and constrained by electrical or polymer cross-linking, so that agglomerates are quickly formed. , Facilitates precipitation and filtration.
このように多孔質炭を凝集助剤、ろ過助剤として用いた場合の凝集物は、珪藻土等とは異なり、転圧や燃焼によって、凝集物の減容化を行うこともできる。 Thus, unlike the diatomaceous earth etc., the aggregate in the case of using porous charcoal as an agglomeration aid and filter aid can reduce the volume of the aggregate by rolling or burning.
対象懸濁物質が有機物である場合には、凝集物を乾燥させることにより、燃料利用等も可能である。また、還元滅菌炭化加工機等による再処理を行うことで、再生利用も可能である。 When the target suspended substance is an organic substance, fuel can be used by drying the aggregate. In addition, recycling is possible by performing reprocessing with a reduction sterilization carbonization machine or the like.
多孔質炭は、前述の通り、もみ殻等の有機性廃棄物等から製造できるため、安価に大量供給することができ、廃棄物の削減、二酸化炭素の排出削減、資源の有効活用の観点からも多いに有効である。 As mentioned above, porous coal can be manufactured from organic waste such as rice husks, so it can be supplied in large quantities at low cost, from the perspective of reducing waste, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and effectively using resources. Is also effective.
請求項1に係る発明は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭の凝集助剤であって、前記多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にある多孔質炭の凝集助剤である。 The invention according to claim 1 is an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal used for the separation treatment of fine solid particles such as suspended substances and turbidity components, wherein the agglomeration aid for porous charcoal is rice husk It is an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal having a pore size ranging from 50 μm to 0.3 nm.
請求項2に係る発明は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭のろ過助剤であって、前記多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にある多孔質炭であることを特徴とする多孔質炭のろ過助剤である。The invention according to
請求項3に係る発明は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭の凝集助剤であって、前記多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化され、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にある多孔質炭の凝集助剤の製造方法である。The invention according to
請求項4に係る発明は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭のろ過助剤であって、前記多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化され、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にある多孔質炭であることを特徴とする多孔質炭のろ過助剤の製造方法である。The invention according to claim 4 is a filter aid for porous charcoal used for the separation treatment of particulate solids such as suspended substances and turbidity components, wherein the filter aid for porous charcoal is rice husk A charcoal, which is carbonized at a temperature in the range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. with stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere and having a pore size in the range of 50 μm to 0.3 nm It is a manufacturing method of the filter aid of the porous charcoal characterized by being charcoal.
請求項5に係る発明は、懸濁液を投入する処理槽と、前記懸濁液を凝集、ろ過するための凝集助剤の供給器と、ろ過助剤の供給器と、前記懸濁液をろ過するろ過フイルターとを用いる水処理方法であって、前記凝集助剤は、請求項1の多孔質炭の凝集助剤を用い、前記ろ過助剤は、請求項2の多孔質炭のろ過助剤を用いることを特徴とする水処理方法である。
The invention according to claim 5 is a treatment tank for charging a suspension, a coagulant aid supplier for coagulating and filtering the suspension, a filter aid supplier, and the suspension. a water treatment method using a filtration filter for filtering said agglomeration aid is used flocculation aids porous coal according to claim 1, wherein the filter aid is a filter aid of the porous coal according to
請求項1又は3の多孔質炭の凝集助剤によれば、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる多孔質炭の凝集助剤を提供できる。
According to the agglomeration aid for porous charcoal according to
請求項2又は4の多孔質炭のろ過助剤によれば、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる多孔質炭のろ過助剤を提供できる。
According to the filter aid for porous coal according to
請求項5の水処理方法によれば、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる水処理方法を提供できる。 According to the water treatment method of the fifth aspect, it is possible to provide a water treatment method in which solid-liquid separation is efficiently performed with a small addition amount, and the volume of waste after the treatment can be reduced.
本発明によれば、もみ殻等の有機性廃棄物から製造される多孔質炭を利用し、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及びその水処理方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, porous charcoal produced from organic waste such as rice husks is used, and solid-liquid separation can be efficiently performed with a small addition amount, and the volume of waste after treatment can be reduced. An agglomeration aid for charcoal, a filter aid for porous charcoal, and a water treatment method thereof can be provided.
本発明の多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭の凝集助剤であって、前記多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、300℃〜900℃の範囲の温度にて炭化した多孔質炭であることを特徴とする。ここで、前記多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化し、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする。 The agglomeration aid for porous charcoal of the present invention is an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal used in the separation treatment of fine particle solids such as suspended substances and turbidity components, and the agglomeration aid for porous charcoal Is characterized in that it is a porous coal carbonized at a temperature in the range of 300 ° C. to 900 ° C. with stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Here, the agglomeration aid for the porous charcoal is rice husk charcoal, and the rice husk is carbonized at a temperature in the range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. while stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Is in the range of 50 μm to 0.3 nm.
本発明の多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、懸濁物質や濁度成分等の微粒子固形分の分離処理に使用される多孔質炭のろ過助剤であって、前記多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、300℃〜900℃の範囲の温度にて炭化した多孔質炭であることを特徴とする。ここで、前記多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化し、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする。 The filter aid for porous charcoal of the present invention is a filter aid for porous charcoal used for separation treatment of fine solid particles such as suspended substances and turbidity components, and the filter aid for porous charcoal Is characterized in that it is a porous coal carbonized at a temperature in the range of 300 ° C. to 900 ° C. with stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Here, the filter aid for the porous coal is rice husk charcoal, and the rice husk is carbonized at a temperature in the range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. while stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Is in the range of 50 μm to 0.3 nm.
本発明の水処理方法は、懸濁液を投入する処理槽と、前記懸濁液を凝集、ろ過するための凝集助剤の供給器と、ろ過助剤の供給器と、前記懸濁液をろ過するろ過フイルターとを用いる水処理方法であって、前記凝集助剤は、多孔質炭の凝集助剤であって、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、300℃〜900℃の範囲の温度にて炭化した多孔質炭であり、
前記ろ過助剤は、多孔質炭のろ過助剤であって、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、300℃〜900℃の範囲の温度にて炭化した多孔質炭であることを特徴とする。
The water treatment method of the present invention comprises a treatment tank into which a suspension is charged, a coagulant aid supplier for coagulating and filtering the suspension, a filter aid supplier, and the suspension. A water treatment method using a filtration filter for filtration, wherein the agglomeration aid is an agglomeration aid for porous charcoal and has a temperature in the range of 300 ° C to 900 ° C while stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Porous charcoal carbonized at temperature,
The filter aid is a porous coal filter aid, which is a porous coal carbonized at a temperature in the range of 300 ° C. to 900 ° C. with stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. To do.
ここで、前記多孔質炭の凝集助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化し、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする。また、多孔質炭のろ過助剤は、もみ殻炭であって、もみ殻を、無酸素囲気中にて、撹拌しながら、500℃〜600℃の範囲の温度にて炭化し、孔の大きさが、50μmから0.3nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする。 Here, the agglomeration aid for the porous charcoal is rice husk charcoal, and the rice husk is carbonized at a temperature in the range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. while stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Is in the range of 50 μm to 0.3 nm. The filter aid for porous charcoal is rice husk charcoal, which is carbonized at a temperature in the range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. with stirring in an oxygen-free atmosphere, Is in the range of 50 μm to 0.3 nm.
本発明の多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及び水処理方法の実施例について以下記載する。 Examples of the porous coal agglomeration aid, porous coal filter aid, and water treatment method of the present invention will be described below.
(実施例1)
図1は、本発明の多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤を作成するための炭化装置である。使用する炭化装置としては、図1に限られず、被炭化物が、無酸素雰囲気中にて炭化される炭化装置であればその形式は問わない。もみ殻等の有機性廃棄物が炭化処理される。
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a carbonization apparatus for producing the agglomeration aid for porous coal and the filter aid for porous coal of the present invention. The carbonization apparatus to be used is not limited to FIG. 1, and any type may be used as long as the carbonized object is carbonized in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Organic waste such as rice husk is carbonized.
図1に示すように、本発明で使用される炭化装置(還元炭化処理装置)は、内部に螺旋羽と攪拌羽1を配置した回転する一つのキルン2と、この一つのキルン2の内部に投入された廃棄物及び有機物等を無酸素雰囲気の還元状態で間接加熱しつつ有機物等に蓄熱して一つのキルン2の内部全体に熱を供給する燃焼室3と、燃焼室3内に臨むバーナー等の加熱源4と、キルン2の内部に投入された有機物等に含まれる水分を燃焼室3の間接加熱によって蒸発させるようにキルン2の内部にエリア設定された乾燥部2aと、乾燥部2aで乾燥処理された有機物等を間接加熱分解させることで炭化させるようにキルン2の内部にエリア設定された炭化部2bと、を備えている。
As shown in FIG. 1, the carbonization apparatus (reduction carbonization processing apparatus) used in the present invention includes a
炭化温度は、もみ殻の場合500℃〜600℃が好適であるが、素材によっては300℃〜900℃に設定されて炭化処理を行う場合がある。 The carbonization temperature is preferably 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. in the case of rice husk, but depending on the material, it may be set at 300 ° C. to 900 ° C. to perform carbonization.
(実施例2)
多孔質炭による凝集沈殿簡易試験
図1の炭化装置によって作成した多孔質炭(もみ殻炭)を用いて凝集沈殿簡易試験を行った。なお、試験に使用したもみ殻炭は、無酸素雰囲気中にて、もみ殻を、炭化温度500℃にて炭化したもみ殻炭である。
(Example 2)
Simple Coagulation and Precipitation Test Using Porous Coal A simple coagulation and precipitation test was conducted using porous charcoal (rice husk charcoal) prepared by the carbonization apparatus shown in FIG. The rice husk charcoal used in the test is rice husk charcoal obtained by carbonizing rice husk at a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C. in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
試験方法
水道水1,000mL中にカオリン(懸濁標準物質)1g(1,000ppm)を入れて撹拌した模擬懸濁水に対し、高分子系粉末凝集剤1gと同凝集剤1g + 荒粉砕した多孔質炭(もみ殻炭)1gを投入し、その凝沈効果を比較した。
Test method 1 g (1,000 ppm) of kaolin (suspension standard substance) in 1,000 mL of tap water and agitated simulated suspension water 1 g of polymer powder flocculant and 1 g of the same flocculant + coarsely pulverized porous charcoal 1g of rice husk charcoal was added and the effect of its precipitation was compared.
試験結果
高分子系凝集剤のみを投じた場合、凝集沈殿は生じるが、フロック(凝集物)は軟質で、ろ過等の固液分離操作がし難い。また、ビーカーの壁面には高分子凝集剤によるヌメリが付着している。図2は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水を作成する実験の図であり、図3は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤投入後3分後の状態であり、図4は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤投入後5分後の状態であり、図5は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤投入後5分後のフロックの状態である。
Test results When only the polymer flocculant is thrown, although flocculation occurs, the floc (aggregate) is soft and solid-liquid separation operations such as filtration are difficult. Moreover, the slime by the polymer flocculent has adhered to the wall surface of the beaker. FIG. 2 is a diagram of an experiment for creating a 1,000 ppm kaolin simulated suspension water, FIG. 3 is a state after 3 minutes after adding the powder flocculant to the 1,000 ppm kaolin simulated suspension water, and FIG. FIG. 5 shows a flock state 5 minutes after the powder flocculant is added to the 1,000 ppm kaolin simulated suspension water.
一方、凝集剤に加えて多孔質炭を投じた場合には、比較的しっかりとしたフロックが速やかに形成され、フロック径も大きく成長している。また、上澄み液の濁度も低く、壁面へのヌメリも生じていない。図6は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤+多孔質炭(もみ殻炭)投入の初期状態であり、図7は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤+多孔質炭(もみ殻炭)投入後3分後の状態であり、図8は、1,000ppmカオリン模擬懸濁水に、粉末凝集剤+多孔質炭(もみ殻炭)投入後5分後の状態である。 On the other hand, when porous charcoal is cast in addition to the flocculant, a relatively firm floc is quickly formed, and the floc diameter is growing greatly. Moreover, the turbidity of the supernatant liquid is low, and no slime occurs on the wall surface. Fig. 6 shows the initial state of adding powder flocculant + porous charcoal (rice husk charcoal) to 1,000ppm kaolin simulated suspension water, and Fig. 7 shows powder flocculant + porous charcoal into 1,000ppm kaolin simulated suspension water. FIG. 8 shows a state 5 minutes after the addition of the powder flocculant + porous coal (rice husk charcoal) to 1,000 ppm kaolin simulated suspension water.
(実施例3)
多孔質炭による凝集沈殿試験
図1の炭化装置によって作成した多孔質炭である、もみ殻炭、あるいは杉炭を用いて凝集沈殿試験を行った。なお、試験に使用したもみ殻炭は、無酸素雰囲気中にて、もみ殻を、炭化温度300℃、400℃、500℃、600℃、700℃にて炭化したもみ殻炭、
杉炭は、無酸素雰囲気中にて、杉を、炭化温度500℃にて炭化した杉炭である。
(Example 3)
Coagulation precipitation test using porous charcoal A coagulation precipitation test was conducted using rice husk charcoal or cedar charcoal, which is a porous charcoal produced by the carbonization apparatus of FIG. In addition, the rice husk charcoal used for the test is rice husk charcoal obtained by carbonizing rice husk at a carbonization temperature of 300 ° C., 400 ° C., 500 ° C., 600 ° C., and 700 ° C. in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
Cedar charcoal is cedar charcoal obtained by carbonizing cedar at a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C. in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
試験方法
粉末凝集剤として、ハイパーフロックN型(株式会社ホウショウEG社製)を使用し、以下の手順にて、凝集沈殿試験を行った。
1)カオリン(懸濁標準物質)(1,000 mg/L)の模擬水500 mLに対して、必要に応じて凝集助剤としての多孔質炭を所定量添加
2)スターラーにて5 min.の強撹拌
3)粉末凝集剤を10 mg/L添加して5 min.の強撹拌
4)1 min.静置
5)濁度計を用いて上澄み液の濁度を測定
6)凝集フロック径を目視で確認し、表1に示すように、指標に分類
Test Method Hyperfloc N type (manufactured by Hosho EG Co., Ltd.) was used as a powder flocculant, and a coagulation sedimentation test was performed according to the following procedure.
1) Add a predetermined amount of porous charcoal as a coagulant as needed to 500 mL of simulated water of kaolin (suspension standard substance) (1,000 mg / L) 2) Strength of 5 min. With a stirrer Stirring 3) Add 10 mg / L of powder flocculant and vigorously stir for 5 min. 4) Leave for 1 min. 5) Measure turbidity of the supernatant using a turbidimeter 6) Visually check the floc diameter Confirm and classify into indicators as shown in Table 1
表2は、凝集剤と多孔質炭による凝集試験結果である。
粉末凝集剤のみで凝集させた場合と比較して多孔質炭を添加した場合には、上澄み水の濁度の透明度が向上し、且つ凝集フロック径が大きくなることが判る。この傾向はもみ殻炭では炭化温度400℃〜700℃において確認でき、炭化温度500℃〜600℃の場合が最も良好な結果であった。また、炭化温度500℃の杉炭を用いた場合でも同様な傾向が認められたことから、炭化素材はもみ殻に限らず、木質等を含む有機性廃棄物が該当するものと考えられる。 It can be seen that when porous charcoal is added as compared with the case of agglomerating only with the powder aggregating agent, the transparency of the turbidity of the supernatant water is improved and the agglomerated floc diameter is increased. This tendency was confirmed in rice husk charcoal at a carbonization temperature of 400 ° C to 700 ° C, and the best results were obtained at a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C to 600 ° C. Moreover, even when using cedar charcoal with a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C., the same tendency was recognized, so it is considered that the carbonized material is not limited to rice husk, but also organic waste including wood.
本発明の多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及び水処理方法によれば、少ない添加量で効率良く固液分離がなされ、処理後の廃棄物の減容化もできる多孔質炭の凝集助剤、及び多孔質炭のろ過助剤、及びその水処理方法を提供することができるので、各種の汚染水、懸濁水等による環境問題の解決に大きく寄与する。 According to the agglomeration aid for porous coal, the filter aid for porous coal, and the water treatment method of the present invention, solid-liquid separation can be efficiently performed with a small addition amount, and the volume of waste after treatment can be reduced. It is possible to provide a porous coal agglomeration aid, a porous coal filter aid, and a water treatment method thereof, which greatly contributes to solving environmental problems caused by various contaminated water, suspended water, and the like.
もみ殻炭は、一般的砂ろ過材(0.6〜0.8mm径程度)と比較して粒径が大きく、ろ過フィルターにて充分なろ過性能を発揮し、目詰まりを生じない。一方、多孔質炭を用いずに単に凝集フロックのみ直接ろ過フィルターにてろ過を行った場合はすぐに目詰まりを生じ、ろ過出来ない。すなわち、通常の砂ろ過器・市販フィルターでは目詰まり障害によってろ過面積の大きい設備が必要となり、逆洗に要する排水量の増加とその処理が必要となるが、当システムでは少量のろ過助剤によって大きなろ過性能が得られることとなる。 Rice husk charcoal has a larger particle size than general sand filter media (0.6 to 0.8 mm diameter), exhibits sufficient filtration performance with a filter, and does not clog. On the other hand, when only agglomerated floc is filtered directly with a filtration filter without using porous charcoal, clogging occurs immediately and filtration is impossible. In other words, ordinary sand filters and commercial filters require equipment with a large filtration area due to clogging problems, and it is necessary to increase the amount of wastewater required for backwashing and treatment, but this system requires a large amount of filtration aid. Filtration performance will be obtained.
本発明は放射性セシウムで汚染された懸濁水の浄化にも有効である。原発事故によって環境中に放出された放射性セシウムは、比較的短時間の内にシルト質土壌等に固着してしまい容易には脱離しない。そのため放射性セシウムで汚染された懸濁水の浄化は、放射性セシウムが固着した浮遊懸濁物質を分離除去することに等しい。本発明によれば、一般に分離除去が難しい粒径の小さな浮遊懸濁物質に至るまで、多孔質炭の細孔へ取り込むことによって確実に除去し得る。また、そのフロックは比較的大きく成長するため、ろ材に対する負荷が少なく、例えば金属性のスプリングフィルター等で目詰まりを生じさせることなく効率的にろ過できる。更には、固液分離後のスラッジは多孔質炭を多く含むため、転圧等の比較的簡単な操作で減容化を図ることもできる。 The present invention is also effective for the purification of suspended water contaminated with radioactive cesium. The radioactive cesium released into the environment by the nuclear accident will adhere to silty soil or the like within a relatively short time and will not be easily detached. Therefore, purification of suspended water contaminated with radioactive cesium is equivalent to separating and removing suspended suspended solids to which radioactive cesium is fixed. According to the present invention, it is possible to reliably remove the suspended suspended matter having a small particle diameter, which is generally difficult to separate and remove, by incorporating it into the pores of the porous coal. Further, since the floc grows relatively large, the load on the filter medium is small, and for example, it can be filtered efficiently without causing clogging with a metallic spring filter or the like. Furthermore, since the sludge after solid-liquid separation contains a lot of porous coal, the volume can be reduced by a relatively simple operation such as rolling.
2…キルン
2a 乾燥部
2b 炭化部
2d 蓄熱部
2c 内部空間
2in 入口
2out 出口
3…燃焼室
3a…排気管
4…加熱源
5…配管部
6…冷却部
7…脱臭部
8…乾留ガス回収部
9…補助加熱源
10…蒸気煙経路
11…油化部
12…配水管
13…ファン
14…ホッパ
15…原料供給配管
16…供給スクリュー
17…第2排出配管
18…冷却装置
19…接続管(下流側排ガス管)
19a 下流側排ガス管上管
19b 下流側排ガス管下管
20…搬送スクリュー
21…搬送スクリュー
22…蒸気抜きパイプ(上流側排ガス管)
22a 上流側排ガス管上管
22b 上流側排ガス管下管
23 煙突部
24 循環管
25 ガス抜きパイプ
30 接続部
60 回収部
P 投入素材
Q 炭化された素材
DESCRIPTION OF
19a Downstream exhaust pipe upper pipe
19b Downstream exhaust pipe
20 ... Conveying
22a Upper side exhaust pipe upper pipe
22b Upstream exhaust pipe lower pipe
23
Claims (5)
前記凝集助剤は、請求項1の多孔質炭の凝集助剤を用い、前記ろ過助剤は、請求項2の多孔質炭のろ過助剤を用いることを特徴とする水処理方法。 Water using a treatment tank for charging the suspension, a coagulant aid supplier for coagulating and filtering the suspension, a filter aid supplier, and a filtration filter for filtering the suspension A processing method,
The method for water treatment according to claim 1, wherein the coagulant aid uses the coagulant aid for porous charcoal of claim 1, and the filter aid uses the filter aid for porous charcoal of claim 2 .
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