JP5969001B2 - 高級炭化水素選択的合成用の鉄またはコバルト含有フィッシャー・トロプシュ触媒 - Google Patents
高級炭化水素選択的合成用の鉄またはコバルト含有フィッシャー・トロプシュ触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5969001B2 JP5969001B2 JP2014502653A JP2014502653A JP5969001B2 JP 5969001 B2 JP5969001 B2 JP 5969001B2 JP 2014502653 A JP2014502653 A JP 2014502653A JP 2014502653 A JP2014502653 A JP 2014502653A JP 5969001 B2 JP5969001 B2 JP 5969001B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 163
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 104
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)=O PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940061720 alpha hydroxy acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001280 alpha hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YHTLGFCVBKENTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyloxan-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCOC(=O)C1 YHTLGFCVBKENTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PNVJTZOFSHSLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenthion Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC=C(SC)C(C)=C1 PNVJTZOFSHSLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 44
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 K 2 CO 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002520 CoCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002552 Fe K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012691 Cu precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012443 analytical study Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N copper;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].[K+] FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000155 in situ X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/367—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/334—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing molecular sieve catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/0605—Composition of the material to be processed
- B01J2203/063—Carbides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/183—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself in framework positions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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Description
本出願は、2011年3月26日に出願した米国特許出願第13/072,683号の権利を主張するものであり、その全ての開示内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
「CAT C」はK−OMS−2担体に形成して5.4wt%Kを含むFe触媒を意味し、「CAT D」はK−OMS−2担体に形成して0.7wt%Kを含むFe触媒を意味することとする。
註:反応条件は図6Bと同一である。なお、反応時間は1時間である。
註:結晶サイズの単位はnmである。NAは「検出限界以下」を表す。
註:反応条件は表2と同一である。
註:上記データは1HNMR分析結果に基づく。
OMS−2担体の合成方法は、以下の文献に記載されている。米国特許出願番号5,702,673号および7,767,770号を参照されたい。なお、これら文献の記載内容は、本明細書中に参照として組み込まれる。
COおよびCO2の水素添加は、充填層反応器中、120−320℃にて13.6気圧下で行った。予混合CO2/H2/Ar(気体1、モル比=3/6/1)およびCO/H2/Ar(気体2、モル比=3/6/1)の混合気体(エアガス)を、FT合成に用いた。また、GC分析の内部標準としてArを用いた。触媒(0.75g)を充填型ステンレス管反応器(内径 0.9cm)中に充填した。前記触媒は、昇温速度2℃/分で350−450℃、2時間、1気圧にて10%CO(またはH2)/He中で還元した。次に、反応器を100℃未満に冷却し、供給気体(30−200cm3/分)を、気体1または気体2に切り替えた。管状炉を、昇温速度5℃/分で、反応温度(200−360℃)にまで加熱した。
CO2およびCO水素添加と同様の条件下で、アントンパール XRK900加熱器(最大圧、10気圧)を備えたXTRA X線回折装置(CuKα放射)を用い、インサイチュXRD測定を行った。インサイチュXRD測定では、FT合成と同じ予混合気体を使用した。加熱速度2℃/分にて、H2/He還元は全圧1気圧で、COおよびCO2水素添加は8.5気圧で、気体流量を40cm3/分にして実施した。なお、角度増大速度1.2°/分、各測定ポイント毎の積算時間0.5秒、角度範囲2θ=5〜80°の条件で段階的スキャンを行い、インサイチュXRDパターンを得た。平均結晶サイズを求めるために、器機の半値全幅(FWHM)キャリブレーション用にLaB6を外部標準として使用した。LaB6のXRD測定は、OMS−2担持Fe触媒およびOMS−2担持Co触媒のXRD測定と同じ条件で行った。
直列に配置した検出器2個(つまり、水素炎イオン型炭化水素検出器(>1ppm)並びにCO、CH4、CO2およびAr用熱伝導検出器(>300ppm))と2本のカラム(モレキュラーシーブ13XおよびHayeSep D)を備えたオンライン型GC(SRI8610C)を用いて、気体産生物を分析した。カラムチャンバーにドライアイスを加えて、8分間10℃に開始オーブン温度を保ち、次に、昇温速度10℃/分で200℃まで加熱し、同温にて5−20分間加熱した。GC分析の標準偏差は約3−5%であった。
直径20−25nmおよび長さ0.5−5μmのK−OMS−2ナノファイバーは、表面積65m2/gを有する(図1参照)。合成K−OMS−2(KMn8O16)は、そのトンネル構造内部に4%(原子%)まで、K+イオンを含有する。また、図2に、本発明のK−OMS−2担体のXRDパターン、およびOMS−2に担持した3種類のFeおよびCo触媒のXRDパターンを示す。なお、指数表示したピークから、K−OMS−2がクリプトメラン型構造を有する、純粋な正方晶形相(JCPDS No.29−1020)であることが示される。フレームワーク添加法によるFe−K−OMS−2は、K−OMS−2と同じ構造を示した。水熱法によるFe−K−OMS−2は、弱いピーク強度を示し、HT Fe−K−OMS−2よりも粒径が小さいことを示した。また、非変換型Fe−バーネス鉱がCAT C中に存在した。前記非変換型Feバーネス鉱のK+濃度は5.4%であり、これはK−OMS−2のK+濃度4%よりも高濃度であった。
図4のaは、還元後のCAT CのインサイチュXRDパターンが、2θ=44.6°に微小ピークを有することを示す。このピークは、α−Fe(体心立方(bcc)),JCPDS No.6−698)に帰属される。また、他の5本の主ピーク(2θ=34.9°,40.6°,58.7°,70.2°および73.6°)は、立方晶系MnOに帰属された。CO水素添加中、反応温度を220℃に昇温した場合、幅広い2本のピークが2θ=31.2°および51.6°に現れた。このことは、KHCO3(カリシナイト、JCPDS No.12−292)が形成したことを示す。反応温度を320℃に昇温し15分間加熱した場合、Fe3C(コーヘナイト、JCPDS No.35−772)相が、2θ=37.8°,41.4°および45.3°に観察された。また、微小なFe2Cピークが2θ=28.2°に観測された。異なる反応回数で反応物質に暴露されたFe3C、KHCO3およびMnO触媒の粒径は、シェラー式でキャリブレーションした。24時間反応後、[031]面方向のFe3C触媒は、220℃で8nmから320℃で60nmに成長し、[−311]面方向のKHCO3触媒は、120℃で5nmから320℃で81nmに成長した(表1参照)。一方、MnO結晶サイズは、酸性産生物およびKHCO3による腐食によって、室温で22nmの大きさから320℃で13nmにまで減少した。
また、反応後のFe触媒およびCo触媒のFT−IRデータ(図15参照)から、KHCO3生成がさらに確認された。FESEM画像(図1(a)および(d))は、CAT Cの反応後触媒の形態を示す。黒色堆積物としてFe3C相が明確に観察できる。また、酸性産生物やK+イオンの拡散による腐食のためと考えられるが、Fe−K−OMS−2ナノファイバーは、より小さな繊維や粒子に砕けていた。
[−311]面方向に沿ったKHCO3の結晶サイズは、24時間反応後に、120℃での2nmから320℃での294nmへと成長した(表1参照)。KHCO3の結晶サイズが増大した理由は、Fe結晶に比べCo結晶の水塊生成が低いためと考えられる。図1(b)に、CAT A中の様々な相の形態を示す。黒ずんだ色の炭素種物質が、触媒表面上に観察できる。
Claims (19)
- マンガン酸化物系八面体モレキュラーシーブと、
鉄炭化物およびコバルト炭化物から選ばれる少なくとも1つの成分を含み、任意成分として銅を含む混合物と、
アルカリ金属とからなるフィシャー・トロプシュ触媒。 - 前記鉄炭化物成分がFe3Cを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記コバルト炭化物成分がCo3Cを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記アルカリ金属がカリウムを含み、前記カリウムが0.5wt%以上7.5wt%以下の範囲で含有されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記カリウムが、4.0wt%以上6.0wt%以下の範囲で含有されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒が前記コバルト炭化物成分および前記銅成分の混合物を含有するとき、Cu/Coモル比として0.01/1から0.5/1の範囲で前記銅成分が含有されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒中に前記鉄炭化物成分が含有されるとき、Fe/Mnモル比として1/5以下の割合で前記鉄炭化物成分が含有されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記アルカリ金属が、アルカリ金属/Mnモル比として1/8以下の割合で含有されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記アルカリ金属が、炭酸水素カリウムとしてカリウムを含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 炭化水素類を製造する方法であって、
マンガン酸化物系八面体型モレキュラーシーブと、鉄、コバルト、銅、およびこれらの混合物から選ばれる少なくとも1つの成分と、
アルカリ金属を有する触媒を調製する工程と、
鉄またはコバルトの何れかの炭化物類を生成させる条件下で前記触媒を処理する工程と、
炭素源および水素源を供給する工程と、
前記炭素源および前記水素源を前記処理後の触媒と接触させる工程と、
炭化水素を産生する工程と、
を含む製造方法。 - 前記炭素源が、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記水素源が、水素および水からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒の処理工程が、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素の少なくとも一方および水素とからなる雰囲気下、少なくとも280℃まで前記触媒を加熱する工程からなることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記雰囲気の圧力が、2気圧から20気圧までの範囲の圧力であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒の処理工程が、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素の少なくとも一方および水素とからなる雰囲気下、少なくとも320℃から450以下の温度で前記触媒を加熱する工程からなることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記雰囲気の圧力が、2気圧から20気圧までの範囲の圧力であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記処理後の触媒が、前記コバルト炭化物成分および前記銅成分の混合物を含有するとき、前記炭化水素がα−ヒドロキシ酸、4−ヒドロキシブタン酸、5−ヒドロキシペンタン酸、テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−2−オン、およびテトラヒドロ−4−メチル−2H−ピラン−2−オンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つからなることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記銅成分が、0.5wt%から5.0wt%までの範囲で含有されることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属がカリウムを含み、0.5wt%から7.5wt%までの範囲で含有されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
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US8987160B2 (en) * | 2011-03-26 | 2015-03-24 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fischer-tropsch catalysts containing iron or cobalt selective towards higher hydrocarbons |
WO2015015316A2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Saudi Basic Industies Corporation | Catalyst for conversion of synthesis gas |
US10226759B2 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2019-03-12 | Brown University | Overpotential and selectivity in the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into fuels |
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