JP5964620B2 - Gas turbine power generator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an internal-combustion gas turbine power generator having excellent thermoelectric conversion efficiency using wood chips as fuel.

The inventor of the present application has been engaged in research on an external combustion engine power generation apparatus having high thermoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent economic efficiency using renewable wood biomass as fuel for many years, and has provided various technologies. However, it is still not enough to simplify the overall structure of the device, and therefore the price is not sufficient. To further promote the use of the device, it is necessary to pursue further economic efficiency of power generation devices using biomass as fuel. It has become.
In view of this, the inventor has just disclosed the new technology in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2011-086964 and 2011-267629.

The following is a technical document related to the present application.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-086964 Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-267629

Since the performance of woody biomass as a fuel is inferior to that of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, the use as fuel is very slight today. For example, wood biomass is inferior to fossil fuels because of its low calorific value in weight ratio units or the ash glaze phenomenon during high temperature combustion. The inventor of the present application has proposed the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-267629 as described above with the aim of solving such problems. However, even with such a new technology, there are various points that are insufficient to solve the problem because the initial cost of the apparatus is a bottleneck.

Therefore, the inventors of the present application went back to the starting point and reviewed the woody biomass. As a result, the inventors came up with the idea that the fundamental difference between biomass and fossil fuels has not been overlooked or fully recognized. That is, the fundamental difference is that biomass is the only fuel that retains a large amount of moisture. And the low calorific value in the weight ratio unit is also a result of the consumption of heat for the evaporation of the water held by the biomass.

In biomass, the moisture content in the unit weight ratio is widely distributed up to 5-95%. Usually, timber is cut in the dry season, left to dry until the end of the dry season, and then processed into chips. The chips are distributed to the market as woody biomass and used as fuel for power generation and heating. The transaction at this time is the price per weight, the moisture content is also defined as 30-40% or less, and the amount of heat generation is also more variable as the value obtained by converting and correcting the vaporization latent heat of the moisture content is used. is there.

In other words, it can be said that it is the only fuel in a state where its moisture content is added to the denominator side in a wide range and with high efficiency. In addition, there is no inherent processing gain that can be refined into a product such as petroleum. Moreover, the ash glaze phenomenon in the case of high-temperature combustion is also caused by high-temperature oxygen supply combustion more than necessary. The inventor of the present application has provided in the above-mentioned patent application a technique for performing thermal torque conversion with high efficiency from biomass fuel having a low temperature and a high water content. However, even with such a new technology, the unit price of power generation using biomass fuel having both a low calorific value and a high water content does not reach the low unit price of power generation using conventional fossil fuels.
From this point of view, further progress is required in the power generation technology using biomass fuel.

  The present invention is a turbine power generator that generates power by ejecting biomass combustion gas and evaporated vapor from biomass to drive a turbine, and is rotatable so that biomass chips to be charged can be dispersed evenly An air heating cylinder installed in the rotary combustion furnace and sending the air upward while heating, a turbine positioned above the rotary combustion furnace and the air heating cylinder, and a combustion gas or the like positioned below the turbine Driven by the turbine, gas jetting means for feeding the driving fluid to the turbine, a pressurized furnace main body housing each of the components, an air compressor for feeding pressurized air to the rotary combustion furnace, and Generator motor, a plurality of biomass chip charging means for supplying biomass chips with different moisture contents to the rotary combustion furnace in a timely manner, and the generator motor when the apparatus is started. Providing a gas turbine power generating apparatus comprising comprises a battery, an for driven, it is intended to solve the conventional problems described above.

Further, in the gas turbine power generator of the above paragraph 0008, the first air reversing portion is provided around the inner wall of the device main body above the rotary combustion furnace to provide a secondary combustion area, and the outer peripheral wall of the rotary combustion furnace is provided. The air heated while rising and the combustion gas generated and raised by the primary combustion of the biomass chip in the rotary combustion furnace are mixed and subjected to secondary combustion, and a second air reversing unit is provided at the top of the air heating cylinder. There is a case where the heated air discharged from the inside of the air heating cylinder and the combustion gas further rising after the secondary combustion are mixed to cause the tertiary combustion.

Furthermore, in the gas turbine power generator of paragraph 0009 above, the drive fluid gas jetting means may be constituted by a nozzle holder having a plurality of gas nozzles.

In the gas turbine power generator of paragraph 0010, the nozzle holder may be formed of a disk body facing the turbine, and the gas nozzle may be provided around the edge of the disk body.

Furthermore, in the gas turbine power generator of the above paragraph 0011, a temperature adjusting means for the fluid ejected from the nozzle port is provided in the vicinity of the nozzle port to adjust the fluid temperature so as not to exceed a predetermined value. May be configured to prevent damage.

Further, in the gas turbine power generator according to paragraph 0012, the temperature adjusting means is provided in a plurality of alternately with gas nozzles on the periphery of a nozzle holder that is a disc body, and an outside air intake port capable of adjusting an intake air amount and an intake air amount. A flow groove may be provided to suppress the temperature of the driving fluid ejected from the nozzle to a predetermined value or less.

Further, in the gas turbine power generation device of paragraph 0013, a heat absorption device is interposed between the second air reversing portion at the top of the air heating cylinder and the nozzle holder, and the heat absorption device has a wire brush continuously provided on the periphery. A rotating endothermic disk that can be rotated and a spray that supplies water to the endothermic disk from the outside of the apparatus main body, and the temperature of the driving fluid ejected from the pressurizing furnace main body and the nozzle is suppressed to a predetermined value or less. It may become.

Further, in the gas turbine power generator according to any one of the above paragraphs 0008 to 0014, a number of vent holes are provided in the lower wall of the rotary combustion furnace and the air heating cylinder, and the vent holes are also provided in the upper wall of the air heating cylinder. May be configured to have a large number of circumferences.

  The present invention makes it possible to generate a driving fluid for a turbine using biomass fuel, particularly raw wood chips that are close to raw material, as a fuel, and to eject the turbine blade to a turbine blade at a low temperature and a low pressure. As a result, the manufacturing cost and running cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced. Further, since the biomass fuel is burned over the third order, exhaust gas can be easily eliminated.

Embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an overall configuration of one embodiment of a gas turbine power generation apparatus G according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a rotary combustion that can be rotated so that biomass chips to be charged can be evenly dispersed. Furnace 2 is an air heating cylinder installed in this rotary combustion furnace to send air upward while heating air, 3 is a gas turbine located above the rotary combustion furnace 1 and the air heating cylinder 2, 4 is a gas turbine 3 is a gas ejection means for feeding a driving fluid such as combustion gas to the gas turbine 3. Reference numeral 5 denotes a pressure furnace main body that houses the components including the rotary combustion furnace 1.

Reference numeral 6 denotes an air compressor that supplies pressurized air to the rotary combustion furnace 1, and high-pressure air is pumped to the pressure furnace main body 5 through a pipe 7. Reference numeral 18 denotes biomass chip charging means for supplying biomass chips to the rotary combustion furnace 1, which is one in the figure, but the biomass chips having different moisture contents are supplied to the rotary combustion furnace 1 according to time and In order to suppress the combustion temperature to a predetermined value, a plurality of biomass chip charging means 18 are installed.

The gas turbine 3 drives the air compressor 6 and a later-described generator motor not shown in FIG. 1 via a rotation transmission mechanism (not shown) including the rotating shaft 3a.
It should be noted that when the gas turbine power generator G is started, that is, when the combustion of the biomass chip is started, the generation of combustion gas is insufficient and it is difficult to rotate the gas turbine 3, and therefore the air compressor 6 does not start. For this reason, a battery (not shown) is provided to drive a generator motor and supply high-pressure air to the rotary combustion furnace 1 by the air compressor 6.

Further, in the pressure furnace main body 5 shown in FIG. 1, the inner wall of the pressure furnace main body 5 above the rotary combustion furnace 1 is provided with a hypotenuse part 8 descending toward the central opening as a first air reversing part. And a secondary combustion area is formed to mix the air heated while rising on the outer peripheral wall of the rotary combustion furnace 1 and the combustion gas generated and raised by the primary combustion of biomass chips in the rotary combustion furnace 1 The secondary combustion is performed, and the umbrella 9 as the second air reversing unit is fixed to the top of the air heating cylinder 2 so as to be released from the air heating cylinder 2 and the combustion gas further rising after the secondary combustion. Are mixed and subjected to tertiary combustion. As will be described later, exhaust gas is eliminated by burning biomass chips in a weighted manner over the third order.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, many through-air holes 1a are formed in the lower part of the rotary combustion furnace 1, and the air heating cylinder 2 also has many through-air holes 2a in the upper part and the lower part. The rotary combustion furnace 1 and the air heating cylinder 2 can be rotated by a rotation drive mechanism 1b. By rotating the rotary combustion furnace 1, the biomass chips introduced can be evenly dispersed in the furnace.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the gas ejection means 4 for the driving fluid is constituted by a nozzle holder having a plurality of gas nozzles. This nozzle holder 4 is formed by a disk body facing the turbine 3 and will be described later. The gas nozzle is provided around the edge of the disc body. The disc body constituting the nozzle holder 4 is formed in a slope shape that descends toward the center from the vicinity of the circumferential end where a nozzle port 41 described later opens. Then, a downward slope is formed from the position of the nozzle port 41 toward the circumferential end, and the circumferential end is closely fixed to the inner wall of the pressure furnace main body 5.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a related configuration of the gas turbine 3, the air compressor 6, and the generator motor 19. A driving fluid such as a combustion gas is jetted from the nozzle port 41 to the turbine blade 3a provided around, and the gas turbine 3 rotates. The rotation of the gas turbine 3 is transmitted to the air compressor 6 and the generator motor 19 through a transmission mechanism such as a chain 31 to rotate them.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway plan view of the nozzle holder 4 having a plurality of gas nozzles. As described above, in the vicinity of the circumferential end of the disk-shaped nozzle holder 4, the gas nozzle 42 protruding in a hill shape and having the nozzle port 41 and the temperature adjusting means 43 for the fluid ejected from the nozzle port 41 are alternately arranged. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views taken along lines AA and BB in FIG. 3, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, a mixed gas body such as combustion gas as a driving fluid that has risen in the pressure furnace main body 5 or steam generated from biomass chips is ejected from the nozzle port 41 and passes through the turbine blade 3a described above. The turbine 3 is rotated.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, each temperature adjusting means 43 is formed between each gas nozzle 42, and an air circulation groove formed as a trough between each gas nozzle 42 and FIG. 5. Thus, it is comprised by the external air intake 43a which is formed facing the air circulation groove | channel (valley part), and can adjust the amount of intake air. The intake air amount is adjusted by adjusting the opening amount of the outside air intake port 43a by a known slide shutter. The intake of outside air is performed by controlling a slide shutter driving device (not shown) by a microcomputer based on temperature detection by a temperature sensor.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a heat absorption device 10 is installed between the umbrella holder 9 as the second air reversing portion at the top of the air heating cylinder 2 and the nozzle holder 4 in the pressure furnace main body 5. The endothermic device 10 includes endothermic disks 11 and 11 that intersect each other and a spray 12 that sprays water on the endothermic disks 11 and 11. When the temperature of the combustion gas that rises in the pressure holder main body 5 toward the nozzle holder 4 becomes too high and may damage the turbine or the pressure furnace main body, the spray 12 sprinkles onto the endothermic disk 11 and rises. Cool the combustion gas. As shown in FIG. 7, a wire brush 13 is provided around the circumferential ends of the endothermic disks 11, 11 and is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure furnace body 5.
As described above, the endothermic disk 11 also rotates along with the rotation of the air heating cylinder 2 that can rotate together with the rotary combustion furnace 1. At this time, the wire brush 13 slides on the inner wall of the pressure furnace main body 5 and sprays 12. Water supplied from is sprayed on the inner wall to cool the inner wall.

  Next, a method for operating the gas turbine power generator according to the above embodiment will be described. While the rotary combustion furnace 1 is rotated by a battery via a rotation drive mechanism 1b using an electric motor as a drive source, wood chips are introduced from the biomass chip introduction means, and these are evenly dispersed, while the pressure furnace body 5 An ignition material ignited from an ignition port (not shown) is introduced to ignite the wood chip.

At this time, since the pressure furnace main body 5 as a whole is at a low temperature in high-speed operation, high-temperature air necessary for smokeless and smokeless combustion cannot be produced, so primary combustion only (wood chips in the rotary combustion furnace 1) ), The operation must be continued for a while. This maintains an operating speed and pressure state of about 10% during normal operation for several minutes.

The operating speed is gradually increased while taking into consideration the state of the flame and the exhaust gas temperature value, and the gas turbine rotates before the normal operating speed to start power generation. Until the start of power generation, the generator motor 9 is activated by the current from the battery, the air compressor 6 is started, high pressure air is supplied into the pressure furnace main body 5, and the combustion of wood chips and the like starts in earnest.

In order to operate the apparatus at a constant speed, a constant rotation and a constant output, it is necessary to burn wood chips having a plurality of moisture content values from a plurality of locations. This is because if a biomass chip input means becomes empty, it is necessary to stop its operation and replenish it. However, this is because when the biomass is replenished, the thermal power in the furnace is lowered, and in some cases, the generator may be stopped. If there are multiple charging means, this situation can be avoided by operating alternately. Biomass with a high moisture content with respect to fluctuations in thermal power increases the input when the thermal power increases too much, and the thermal power decreases too much. In this case, it becomes possible to input a large amount of biomass with little moisture, and stable power generation can be secured.

Nevertheless, if the combustion thermal power and gas gas volume ratio exceed the assumed temperature of the present device, the turbine blades and the like may be dissolved. In order to adjust this state, as described above, the temperature adjusting means is arranged alternately with the nozzle adjacent to the nozzle, thereby suppressing the temperature of the driving fluid ejected from the nozzle opening to a predetermined value or less. As described above, the control of the temperature adjusting means is executed by the microcomputer based on the values of the thermometer attached to the exhaust chimney (not shown) and the thermometer installed in the nozzle holder.

The present invention not only prevents pollution by burning without burning even with a high moisture content (moisture content 50-70%) biomass fuel, but also has the purpose of causing a complete oxidation phenomenon in the contained carbon and taking it out as oxidation heat. doing. For this purpose, the oxidation combustion phenomenon is divided into a plurality of stages, and each time the oxidation reaction (i) is completed by the space and the flow of the mixed and stirred air and combustion gas containing fresh oxygen heated to a high temperature. I need time.

That is, a part of the air blown into the pressurizing furnace main body part 5 pressurized by the air compressor 6 flows into the gap between the internal biomass from the lower air hole 1a of the rotary combustion furnace 1, and the high temperature fire type It reacts and burns. The carbon gas generated at this time and the vapor to evaporate are hindered, and many carbon molecules rise by being subjected to gas expansion without being reacted. This is an exhaust gas that has a lot of black and white smoke. To make such smoke colorless and transparent, secondary combustion and tertiary combustion are required.

However, it is not easy to properly perform the tertiary combustion in the pressurizing furnace body 5 which is a limited space. As a result of various studies, in the present invention, the secondary combustion air and the tertiary combustion air are simultaneously supplied to the primary combustion (combustion in the rotary combustion furnace 1) combustion at the same time as the air supplied to the primary combustion (combustion in the rotary combustion furnace 1). It is made to supply to a predetermined location. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a part of the high-pressure air supplied from the pipe 7 to the pressurized furnace body 5 rises as indicated by arrows while being heated along the outer wall of the rotary combustion furnace 1. The raised heated air is mixed with the combustion gas rising from the rotary combustion furnace 1 and the hypotenuse part 8 in a state where it is blocked by the hypotenuse part 8, and secondary combustion occurs.

The air rising as shown by the arrow while being heated in the air heating cylinder 2 by the primary combustion in the rotary combustion furnace 1 is blocked by the umbrella body 9 and is ejected from the air hole 2a. Tertiary combustion occurs again when it encounters again near the peripheral edge of the umbrella body 9. In this way, the combustion reaction of biomass is completed in a nearly complete state.

By the way, when the actual test operation of the gas turbine power generator according to the above embodiment was performed, unlike the assumption, the temperature of the combustion gas in the pressurizing furnace main body 5 increased greatly, and the target combustion gas was reduced to about 800 degrees Celsius. It turned out to be difficult to control. Even if the moisture content of the biomass chip charged into the rotary combustion furnace 1 is increased to the limit value, it is quickly evaporated and dried by the combustion heat in the rotary combustion furnace 1, and the combustion gas temperature exceeds 1300 degrees Celsius. is there.

This phenomenon has made it necessary to separately control the temperature during the exothermic combustion reaction (at the time of oxidation of oxygen and the vaporized main coal gas) and the subsequent temperature control of the exothermic gas.
The rotary combustion furnace 1 and its combustion continuous stroke area ( primary combustion area and upper secondary combustion area and tertiary combustion area) are maintained at a high temperature of about 1300 degrees Celsius, and then sprayed on the endothermic disk 11 In order to lower the temperature of the combustion gas with the heat of vaporization and to prevent the temperature of the inner wall of the pressurizing furnace body 5 from becoming too high, a wire brush for applying spray water to the side wall is installed at the end of the endothermic disk. An attempt is made to increase the temperature drop and evaporation vapor.
As a result, the temperature of the mixed gas (combustion gas and vaporized vapor) passing through the turbine blade can be controlled to 800 degrees Celsius or less.

As described above, the temperature of the gas (exhaust gas, combustion gas) that has undergone the first to third combustion in the pressurized furnace main body 5 well exceeds 1200 degrees, and the bin blade is melted in the evening.
And this high temperature will age even the pressurization furnace main-body part 5 (refer FIG.1, 7). Therefore, as described above, a small amount of water is sprayed by the heat absorbing device 10 so as to be applied to the side wall (see FIG. 7) of the pressurizing furnace body 5 with a brush.

  Spray water (see FIG. 7) flows vigorously on the endothermic disk 11 and part of it evaporates, but the remainder is filled in the center and overflows, reaches the surface of the lower endothermic disk 11 and partly further. Evaporates and spray water is applied to the inner surface of the pressurizing furnace main body 5 by the wire brush at the end of the lower endothermic disk 11. This water evaporates and cools the furnace body, and the evaporated vapor mixes with the gas after tertiary combustion, and maintains the proper temperature (800 degrees Celsius) through the vent holes of the upper and lower endothermic disks to the turbine blade. Will head.

It is a partial sectional view showing the whole composition of one example of gas turbine power generator G concerning the invention in this application. 3 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a related configuration of the gas turbine 3, the air compressor 6, and the generator motor 9. FIG. It is a partially cutaway plan view of the nozzle holder 4 having a plurality of gas nozzles. It is sectional drawing of the AA line in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the BB line in FIG. FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway plan view near the circumferential end of the nozzle holder 4. It is principal part sectional drawing which shows the other Example of this invention.

1. . . . . . . . . . . Rotary combustion furnace . . . . . . . . . . 2. Air heating cylinder . . . . . . . . . . Gas turbine 3a. . . . . . . . . . 3. Turbine blade . . . . . . . . . . Nozzle holder (gas ejection means for driving fluid)
5. . . . . . . . . . . Pressure furnace body 6. . . . . . . . . . . 6. Air compressor . . . . . . . . . . Pipe 8. . . . . . . . . . Hypotenuse (first air reversing part)
9. . . . . . . . . . . Umbrella (second air reversing part)
19. . . . . . . . . . Generator motor 10. . . . . . . . . . . Endothermic device 11. . . . . . . . . . . Endothermic disk

Claims (7)

A turbine power generator that generates power by driving a turbine by ejecting biomass combustion gas and vapor evaporated from biomass, and rotating the rotary combustion furnace so that biomass chips to be charged can be evenly dispersed, and this rotation An air heating cylinder installed in the combustion furnace and sending air upward while heating, a turbine positioned above the rotary combustion furnace and the air heating cylinder, and a driving fluid such as combustion gas positioned below the turbine A gas ejection means for feeding to the pressure furnace body, a pressure furnace main body housing each of the components, an air compressor for feeding pressurized air to the rotary combustion furnace, a generator motor driven by a turbine, A plurality of biomass chip charging means for supplying biomass chips having different moisture contents to the rotary combustion furnace in a timely manner, and a generator motor is rotationally driven at the start of the apparatus And because of the battery, it comprises a and ignition port as the ignition means, the inner wall of the pressure furnace body of the upper of the rotating combustion furnace is provided with a secondary combustion area by circumferentially the first air inversion unit The air heated while ascending the outer peripheral wall of the rotary combustion furnace and the combustion gas generated and raised by the primary combustion of the biomass chip in the rotary combustion furnace are mixed and subjected to secondary combustion. A gas turbine power generator characterized in that a two-air reversing unit is provided to mix the heated air discharged from the inside of the air heating cylinder and the combustion gas that further rises after the secondary combustion to perform the tertiary combustion. 2. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 1, wherein the gas ejection means for driving fluid is constituted by a nozzle holder having a plurality of gas nozzles. 3. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 2 , wherein the nozzle holder is formed of a disk body facing the turbine, and the gas nozzle is provided around an edge of the disk body. 4. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 3, wherein a temperature adjusting means for the fluid ejected from the nozzle opening is provided in the vicinity of the nozzle opening so as to adjust the fluid temperature so as not to exceed a predetermined value, thereby damaging the turbine blade or the like due to high temperature. A gas turbine power generator characterized by being prevented. 5. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 4 , wherein a plurality of the temperature adjusting means are installed alternately with gas nozzles on the periphery of a nozzle holder that is a disc body, and an outside air intake port capable of adjusting an intake air amount and a flow of the intake air. A gas turbine power generator comprising a groove. 6. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 5 , wherein a heat absorption device is interposed between the second air reversing portion at the top of the air heating cylinder and the nozzle holder, and the heat absorption device is provided with a wire brush on the periphery. A gas turbine power generator comprising: a rotatable endothermic disk; and a spray for supplying water from outside the apparatus main body to the endothermic disk. The gas turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein a number of vent holes are provided in the lower wall of the rotary combustion furnace and the air heating cylinder, and the upper wall of the air heating cylinder is further ventilated. A gas turbine power generator having a configuration in which a large number of openings are provided.

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