JP5927015B2 - Disease and / or pest control method for hydroponics plants by light and microorganisms - Google Patents
Disease and / or pest control method for hydroponics plants by light and microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、養液栽培植物の病害及び／又は害虫防除方法、及び、この方法を利用した養液栽培植物の病害及び／又は害虫防除装置・システムに関するものである。詳細には、特定の波長域の光を植物に照射することと非病原性の微生物を添加した養液での植物栽培の併用による、養液栽培植物の病害及び／又は害虫防除方法等に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a disease and / or pest control method for a hydroponic plant, and a disease and / or pest control device / system for a hydroponic plant using this method. Specifically, it relates to a method for controlling diseases and / or pests of hydroponic plants by irradiating plants with light in a specific wavelength range and plant cultivation with a nutrient solution added with non-pathogenic microorganisms. It is.
近年、農業従事者の減少、高齢化、女性農業者の増加等の課題から、農業にも自動化、機械化等を通して省力化が求められている。そのような中、養液栽培は、省力化、機械化が可能な栽培方法として関心がもたれ、その面積は着実に増加している。平成１９年現在で設置面積は１,６８６ｈａに達し、施設栽培全面積５０,６０８ｈａの３％以上を占めるまで増加した。さらに、近年、農業収益の向上を目指したものとして養液栽培を取り入れた植物工場も増加している。このように養液栽培は近年、農業分野においても重要な栽培体系となっている。 In recent years, due to issues such as a decrease in the number of farmers, an aging population, and an increase in the number of female farmers, agriculture is also required to save labor through automation and mechanization. Under such circumstances, hydroponics has attracted interest as a cultivation method capable of labor saving and mechanization, and its area is steadily increasing. As of 2007, the installation area reached 1,686ha and increased to account for more than 3% of the total area of facility cultivation, 50,608ha. Furthermore, in recent years, plant factories incorporating hydroponics have been increasing in order to improve agricultural profits. Thus, hydroponics has become an important cultivation system in the agricultural field in recent years.
このような養液栽培は、土壌を使用しない事から連作障害や土壌伝染病が発生し難い点が特長の一つではある。しかしながら、一度病原菌が侵入すると、たちまち施設全体に蔓延し甚大な被害を引き起こす。その防除方法としては、資材や栽培装置の消毒、オゾンや紫外線を使った培養液消毒といった手段、さらに薬剤を使った防除法として、農薬登録を取得した銀イオンを利用した剤がある。しかしながら、それらの効果は安定せず、十分とは言えない。安定した防除方法として培養液中への化学農薬の添加が考えられるが、多量に発生する廃液処理の問題から事実上不可能である。このような状況から、本分野において有効な防除手段が確立されていないのが現状である。 One of the features of such hydroponic culture is that it prevents the occurrence of continuous cropping failures and soil infectious diseases because it does not use soil. However, once a pathogen invades, it spreads throughout the facility and causes enormous damage. As the control method, there are means such as disinfection of materials and cultivation equipment, culture solution disinfection using ozone and ultraviolet light, and further, as a control method using chemicals, there are agents using silver ions that have been registered as agricultural chemicals. However, these effects are not stable and are not sufficient. Addition of chemical pesticides to the culture solution can be considered as a stable control method, but it is practically impossible due to the problem of waste liquid treatment that occurs in large quantities. Under these circumstances, no effective control means has been established in this field.
一方で、近年の栽培体系では化学農薬よりも環境への負荷が小さいと考えられる生物的防除が注目され、既に一部は実用化されている。例えば、農園芸植物の病害等防除に用いる微生物として、トリコデルマ属、グリオクラディウム属、タラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌、アグロバクテリウム属、シュードモナス属、バシルス属に属する細菌等が挙げられる。 On the other hand, in recent cultivation systems, biological control, which is considered to have a smaller environmental impact than chemical pesticides, has attracted attention, and some have already been put into practical use. Examples of microorganisms used for controlling diseases and the like of agricultural and horticultural plants include filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma, genus Gliocladium, genus Talalomyces, bacteria belonging to the genus Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus.
しかし、これらの微生物による農園芸作物の病害等防除は、これのみでは効果が十分でない場合も多く見受けられ、そのため、病害等防除効果を有する微生物を化学農薬と併用することも多く行われている（例えば、特許文献１〜３）。 However, there are many cases in which diseases and control of agricultural and horticultural crops by these microorganisms are not effective enough, and therefore microorganisms having a disease control effect are often used in combination with chemical pesticides. (For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
また、ごく最近では、植物の抵抗性誘導を利用した光による防除技術も注目されている。例えば、ＵＶ−ＢとＵＶ−Ｃの一部、さらには可視光の一部を重畳して照射する技術（特許文献４）、緑色光照射を利用した技術（特許文献５）等が挙げられる。しかし、これも化学農薬との併用を必要とする場合が多く見受けられ、この光による防除のみでは実用的にはやや課題がある。さらに、微生物による農園芸植物の病害防除あるいは光による防除技術は養液栽培においてもそれぞれ適用が試みられているが、同様にその効果が十分でないことが多く見受けられる。 Very recently, attention has also been paid to light control technology using resistance induction of plants. For example, a technique of superimposing and irradiating a part of UV-B and UV-C and a part of visible light (Patent Document 4), a technique using green light irradiation (Patent Document 5), and the like. However, there are many cases where this is also necessary in combination with a chemical pesticide, and there is a problem in practical use only by this light control. Furthermore, although disease control of agricultural and horticultural plants by microorganisms or control technology by light has been applied to hydroponic cultivation, there are many cases where the effect is not sufficient as well.
このような背景技術の中、化学農薬を使用することなく、養液栽培において簡便かつ効率的で、従来技術より実用的、効果的な防除技術の開発が当業界において強く求められていた。 Among such background technologies, there has been a strong demand in the art to develop a control technique that is simple and efficient in hydroponics without using chemical pesticides, and that is more practical and effective than conventional techniques.
本発明は、植物の養液栽培において環境への負荷を軽減しながらも、高い病害防除効果、害虫防除効果を発揮し、幅広い防除対象にも有効な防除技術を提供する目的でなされたものである。 The present invention has been made for the purpose of providing a high disease control effect, pest control effect and effective control technology for a wide range of control targets while reducing the burden on the environment in hydroponic cultivation of plants. is there.
上記目的達成のため、本発明者らは各方面から鋭意検討した結果、特定の波長域の光を植物に照射することと、植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物を添加した養液で植物を栽培することを併用することにより、それぞれの単独での防除手段よりも相乗的に高い病害防除効果（植物病害の発病抑制及び治療効果）、害虫防除効果（害虫からの防御及び害虫駆除効果）を得ることができることをはじめて見出し、本発明を完成した。 In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies from various directions. As a result, the plant is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength range, and has a non-pathogenic effect having a plant disease control effect and / or a pest control effect. Combining the cultivation of plants with nutrient solution containing microorganisms, synergistically higher disease control effect (suppression and treatment effect of plant diseases) and pest control effect (pests) For the first time, the present invention was completed.
すなわち、本発明の実施形態は次のとおりである。
（１）４００〜７５０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射し、且つ、植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物を添加した養液で植物を栽培すること、を特徴とする養液栽培植物の病害防除及び／又は害虫防除方法。
（２）４３０〜６６０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射すること、を特徴とする（１）に記載の方法。
（３）４８０〜５８０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射すること、を特徴とする（２）に記載の方法。
（４）植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物が、非病原性の細菌又は糸状菌から選ばれる１又は２種以上であること、を特徴とする（１）〜（３）のいずれか１つに記載の方法。
（５）植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物が、バシルス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属に属する細菌、パエニバシルス（Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属に属する細菌、エルビニア（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ）属に属する細菌、シュードモナス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ）属に属する細菌、バークホルデリア（Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒｉａ）属に属する細菌、バリオボラックス（Ｖａｒｉｏｖｏｒａｘ）属に属する細菌、トリコデルマ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ）属に属する糸状菌、フザリウム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ）属に属する糸状菌、タラロマイセス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）属に属する糸状菌、コニオチリウム（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ）属に属する糸状菌から選ばれる１又は２種以上であること、を特徴とする（４）に記載の方法。
（６）植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物が、バシルス・エスピー（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）Ｄ７４７株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＱＳＴ−７１３株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＭＢＩ６００株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）Ｙ−１３３６株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＨＡＩ−０４０４株、バシルス・シンプレクス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｉｍｐｌｅｘ）ＣＧＦ２８５６株、エルビニア・カロトボーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃａｒｏｔｏｖｏｒａ）ＣＧＥ２３４Ｍ４０３株、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）Ｇ７０９０株、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）ＦＰＴ−９６０１株、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）ＦＰＨ−９６０１株、シュードモナス・エスピー（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）ＣＡＢ−０２株、バークホルデリア・エスピー（Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒｉａ ｓｐ．）ＣＲＳＥ−３株、バリオボラックス・パラドクス（Ｖａｒｉｏｖｏｒａｘ ｐａｒａｄｏｘｕｓ）ＣＧＦ４５２６株、トリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＳＫＴ−１株、フザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＫ−１０２株、フザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＮＦ−３５６株、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）ＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）Ｂ−４２２株、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）胞子、コニオチリウム・ミニタンス（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｉｔａｎｓ）ＣＯＮ／Ｍ／９１−０８株から選ばれる１又は２種以上であること、を特徴とする（５）に記載の方法。
（７）４８０〜５８０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射し、且つ、バシルス・エスピー（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）Ｄ７４７株（ＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−８２３４）、エルビニア・カロトボーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃａｒｏｔｏｖｏｒａ）ＣＧＥ２３４Ｍ４０３株、トリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＳＫＴ−１株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１６５１０）、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）ＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株から選ばれる少なくともひとつを添加した養液で植物を栽培すること、を特徴とする養液栽培植物の病害防除及び／又は害虫防除方法。
（８）光線の植物への照射を夜間のみ行うこと、を特徴とする（１）〜（７）のいずれか１つに記載の方法。
（９）植物への１時間以上の光線の照射を１日のうちに１回または複数回行い、それを１〜７日間隔で繰り返す（例えば、１回に１時間の照射を１日に２回行い、それを３日ごとに繰り返すなど）こと、を特徴とする（１）〜（８）のいずれか１つに記載の方法。
（１０）４００〜７５０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射する手段と、養液栽培を行う手段とを備えていることを特徴とする、養液栽培植物の病害防除及び／又は害虫防除装置。
That is, the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A plant is irradiated with only a light beam having a wavelength range of 400 to 750 nm, or a light beam having a light illuminance in the wavelength region stronger than the light illuminance in other wavelength regions, and the plant has a disease control effect and / or a pest control effect. A disease control and / or pest control method for a hydroponic plant, characterized by cultivating the plant with a nutrient solution to which a non-pathogenic microorganism is added.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the plant is irradiated with only a light beam in a wavelength range of 430 to 660 nm or a light beam having a light illuminance in the wavelength region stronger than the light illuminance in other wavelength regions.
(3) The method according to (2), wherein the plant is irradiated with only a light beam having a wavelength range of 480 to 580 nm or a light beam having a light illuminance in the wavelength region stronger than that in other wavelength regions.
(4) The non-pathogenic microorganism having a plant disease control effect and / or pest control effect is one or more selected from non-pathogenic bacteria or filamentous fungi (1) The method as described in any one of-(3).
(5) a non-pathogenic microorganism having a plant disease control effect and / or a pest control effect, a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, a bacterium belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, a bacterium belonging to the genus Erwinia, Bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia, bacteria belonging to the genus Bariovorax, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium 1 or 2 or more types selected from a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Talaromyces and a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Coniothylium ( The method according to).
(6) Non-pathogenic microorganisms having plant disease control effect and / or pest control effect are Bacillus sp. D747 strain, Bacillus subtilis QST-713 strain, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis MBI600 strain, Bacillus subtilis Y-1336 strain, Bacillus subtilis HAI-0404 strain, Bacillus subtilis strain G28 Pseudomonas fluorescens G7 90 strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens FPT-9601 strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens FPH-9601 strain, Pseudomonas sp. .) CRSE-3 strain, Varioborax paradoxus CGF4526 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1 strain, Fusarium oxysporum strain SK102 porum) SNF-356 strain, Talaromyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01 strain, Talaromyces flavus B-422 strain, Talaromyces flavus um. ) The method according to (5), which is one or more selected from CON / M / 91-08 strains.
(7) A plant is irradiated with only light in the wavelength range of 480 to 580 nm or light intensity in the wavelength range higher than that in other wavelength ranges, and Bacillus sp. D747 strain (FERM) From BP-8234), Erwinia carotovora CGE234M403 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1 strain (FERM P-16510), Talaromyces flavus-SalaY94-Talaromy es94 A method for controlling disease and / or pest control of a hydroponic plant, characterized in that the plant is cultivated with a nutrient solution to which at least one added is added.
(8) The method according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the plant is irradiated with light rays only at night.
(9) Irradiating a plant with light for 1 hour or more once or several times a day, and repeating it at intervals of 1 to 7 days (for example, 1 hour of irradiation at a time 2 times a day The method according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the method is performed once and repeated every three days.
(10) It is provided with means for irradiating a plant with only light in the wavelength range of 400 to 750 nm or light intensity in the wavelength range higher than that in other wavelength ranges, and means for hydroponics. A disease control and / or pest control device for hydroponic plants characterized by the above.
本発明によれば、養液栽培での光による防除技術と培養養液への非病原性微生物の添加による防除技術を組み合わせる（併用する）ことにより、相乗的な高い防除効果が得られ、養液栽培においてより安定した生産を簡便に実現する。更には、本発明は化学農薬を併用する必要がないことから環境への負荷も少なく、環境に配慮した農業生産を実現するものである。 According to the present invention, a synergistic high control effect can be obtained by combining (using in combination) control technology by light in nutrient solution culture and control technology by adding non-pathogenic microorganisms to the culture solution. In liquid culture, more stable production is easily realized. Furthermore, since the present invention does not require the use of chemical pesticides, the load on the environment is small and agricultural production in consideration of the environment is realized.
本発明の養液栽培植物の病害防除方法に用いる微生物としては、養液栽培の養液に処理することにより植物の病害菌と拮抗する非病原性の微生物であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、バシルス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属に属する細菌、パエニバシルス（Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属に属する細菌、エルビニア（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ）属に属する細菌、シュードモナス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ）属に属する細菌、バークホルデリア（Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒｉａ）属に属する細菌、バリオボラックス（Ｖａｒｉｏｖｏｒａｘ）属に属する細菌、トリコデルマ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ）属に属する糸状菌、フザリウム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ）属に属する糸状菌、タラロマイセス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）属に属する糸状菌、コニオチリウム（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ）属に属する糸状菌などを挙げることができる。 The microorganism used in the method for controlling diseases of a hydroponic plant of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a non-pathogenic microorganism that antagonizes a plant pathogenic fungus by treatment with a nutrient solution for hydroponic cultivation, for example, Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, bacteria belonging to the genus Paenibacillus, bacteria belonging to the genus Erwinia, bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia, barioborax Bacteria belonging to the genus (Variovorax), filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talaromyces, Coniotilium (C niothyrium) can be mentioned, such as filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus.
バシルス属に属する細菌としては、好ましくはバシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）、バシルス・アミロリケファシエンス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｍｙｌｏｌｉｑｕｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）、あるいはバシルス・シンプレクス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｉｍｐｌｅｘ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはバシルス・エスピー（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）Ｄ７４７株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＱＳＴ−７１３株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＭＢＩ６００株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）Ｙ−１３３６株、バシルス・サチリス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＨＡＩ−０４０４株、バシルス・シンプレクス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｉｍｐｌｅｘ）ＣＧＦ２８５６株が挙げられる。 The bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus is preferably Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or Bacillus simplex, more preferably Bacillus simplex. Bacillus sp.) D747 strain, Bacillus subtilis QST-713 strain, Bacillus subtilis MBI600 strain, Bacillus subtilis Y-1336 strain, Bacillus subtilis Y-1336 strain, Bacillus subtilis Y-1336 strain 0404, Bacillus simplex (Ba (cillus simplex) CGF2856 strain.
なお、バシルス・エスピーＤ７４７株は、静岡県菊川市の空気中から単離された菌株であって、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター（〒３０５−８５６６ 日本国茨城県つくば市東１−１−１ つくばセンター 中央第６）に、２０００年（平成１２年）１１月２８日に寄託された後、２００２年（平成１４年）１１月８日付けで国際寄託に移管されており、その受託番号はＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−８２３４である。 The Bacillus sp. D747 strain is a strain isolated from the air of Kikugawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture, and is an independent administrative agency, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (East 1 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 305-8586). -1-1 Deposited at Tsukuba Center Chuo No. 6) on November 28, 2000, then transferred to International Deposit on November 8, 2002. The accession number is FERM BP-8234.
このバシルス・エスピーＤ７４７株の主な菌学的性質を以下に示す。なお、菌学的性質の試験はＢｅｒｇｅｙ'ｓ Ｍａｎｕａｌ ｏｆ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃ Ｂａｃｔｅｒｉｏｌｏｇｙ、ｖｏｌｕｍｅ １（１９８４）に基づいて行った。 The main mycological properties of this Bacillus sp. D747 strain are shown below. The bacteriological properties were tested based on Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, volume 1 (1984).
（Ａ）形態学的性質
形態：桿菌
大きさ：幅１．０〜１．２μｍ、長さ３〜５μｍ
運動性：＋
鞭毛の着生状態：周鞭毛
内生胞子：＋
胞子の位置：中央
胞子の膨張：−
(A) Morphological properties Form: Aspergillus Size: Width 1.0-1.2 μm, Length 3-5 μm
Mobility: +
Flagellar state: Periflagellate Endospores: +
Spore position: center Spore expansion: −
（Ｂ）培養的性質
コロニーの色：白色〜薄い茶色
肉汁寒天平板培養：白色〜クリーム色のコロニーを形成し、表面はしわ状
(B) Culture properties Colony color: White to light brown Meat broth agar plate culture: White to creamy colonies formed, wrinkled surface
（ｃ）生理学的性質
グラム染色性：＋
硝酸塩の還元：＋
ＭＲ試験：−
ＶＰ試験：＋
インドールの生成：−
澱粉の加水分解：＋
クエン酸の資化性：＋
無機窒素源：＋
オキシダーゼ：−
カタラーゼ：＋
生育ｐＨ
６．８、肉エキス培地：＋
５．７、肉エキス培地：＋
生育温度
３０℃：＋
５０℃：−
生育ＮａＣｌ濃度
２％：＋
５％：＋
７％：＋
好気的生育：＋
嫌気的生育：−
Ｏ−Ｆテスト：Ｏ
卵黄反応：−
グルコースからの酸生成：＋
マンニトールからの酸生成：−
Ｌ−アラビノースからの酸生成：−
Ｄ−キシロースからの酸生成：−
グルコースからのガス生成：−
β−ガラクトシダーゼ：−
ＮａＣｌ及びＫＣｌ要求性：−
(C) Physiological properties Gram stainability: +
Reduction of nitrate: +
MR test:-
VP test: +
Indole production:-
Starch hydrolysis: +
Utilization of citric acid: +
Inorganic nitrogen source: +
Oxidase:-
Catalase: +
Growth pH
6.8, meat extract medium: +
5.7, meat extract medium: +
Growth temperature 30 ° C: +
50 ° C:-
Growth NaCl concentration 2%: +
5%: +
7%: +
Aerobic growth: +
Anaerobic growth:-
OF test: O
Egg yolk reaction:-
Acid production from glucose: +
Acid production from mannitol:-
Acid production from L-arabinose:-
Acid production from D-xylose:-
Gas production from glucose:-
β-galactosidase: −
NaCl and KCl requirements:-
なお、このバシルス・エスピーＤ７４７株はエコショット（登録商標）の商品名で、バシルス・サチリスＱＳＴ−７１３株はインプレッション（登録商標）の商品名で、バシルス・サチリスＭＢＩ６００株はボトキラー（登録商標）及びボトピカ（登録商標）の商品名で、バシルス・サチリスＹ−１３３６株はバイオワーク（登録商標）の商品名で、バシルス・サチリスＨＡＩ−０４０４株はアグロケア（登録商標）の商品名で、バシルス・シンプレクスＣＧＦ２８５６株はモミホープ（登録商標）の商品名で、農薬として販売されている。 The Bacillus sp. D747 strain is a trade name of Ecoshot (registered trademark), the Bacillus subtilis QST-713 strain is a product name of Impression (registered trademark), and the Bacillus subtilis MBI600 strain is a botkiller (registered trademark) and Under the trade name Botopica (registered trademark), the Bacillus subtilis Y-1336 strain is the product name of Biowork (registered trademark), and the Bacillus subtilis HAI-0404 strain is the product name of Agrocare (registered trademark). The CGF2856 strain is sold under the trade name Momihope (registered trademark) as an agrochemical.
エルビニア属に属する細菌としては、好ましくはエルビニア・カロトボーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃａｒｏｔｏｖｏｒａ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはエルビニア・カロトボーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃａｒｏｔｏｖｏｒａ）ＣＧＥ２３４Ｍ４０３株が挙げられる。 The bacterium belonging to the genus Erwinia is preferably Erwinia carotovora, more preferably Erwinia carotovora CGE234M403 strain among them.
なお、このエルビニア・カロトボーラＣＧＥ２３４Ｍ４０３株は、エコメイト（登録商標）及びバイオキーパー（登録商標）の商品名で農薬として販売されている。 In addition, this Elvinia carotobola CGE234M403 strain is marketed as an agrochemical under the trade names of Ecomate (registered trademark) and Biokeeper (registered trademark).
シュードモナス属に属する細菌としては、好ましくはシュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはシュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）Ｇ７０９０株、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）ＦＰＴ−９６０１株、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ）のＦＰＴ−９６０１株とＦＰＨ−９６０１株の混合物、シュードモナス・エスピー（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）ＣＡＢ−０２株が挙げられる。 The bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas is preferably Pseudomonas fluorescens, more preferably Pseudomonas fluorescens G7090 strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens 01 strain. And a mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens FPT-9601 and FPH-9601 strains and Pseudomonas sp. CAB-02.
なお、このシュードモナス・フルオレッセンスＧ７０９０株はベジキーパー（登録商標）の商品名で、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンスＦＰＴ−９６０１株は小苗ふく土（登録商標）の商品名で、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンスのＦＰＴ−９６０１株とＦＰＨ−９６０１株の混合物はセル苗元気（登録商標）の商品名で、農薬として販売されている。 The Pseudomonas fluorescens G7090 strain is a trade name of Veggie Keeper (registered trademark), the Pseudomonas fluorescens FPT-9601 strain is a trade name of Konae Fukuro (registered trademark), and the PPT-9601 strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. And a mixture of FPH-9601 strain are sold as agricultural chemicals under the trade name of Cell Nae Genki (registered trademark).
バークホルデリア属に属する細菌としては、好ましくはバークホルデリア・エスピー（Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒｉａ ｓｐ．）ＣＲＳＥ−３株が挙げられる。 The bacterium belonging to the genus Burkholderia is preferably Burkholderia sp. CRSE-3 strain.
このバークホルデリア・エスピーＣＲＳＥ−３株は、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構特許微生物寄託センター（〒２９２−０８１８ 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足２−５−８）に、２００８年（平成２０年）２月１３日に寄託されており、その受託番号はＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−４８６である。 This Burkholderia sp. CRSE-3 strain was established in 2008 (Heisei 2) in the Japan Patent Evaluation Microorganisms Depositary Center for Product Evaluation Technology (2-5-8 Kazusa Kamashi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan 292-0818). (20 years) Deposited on February 13th and its deposit number is NITE P-486.
バリオボラックス属に属する細菌としては、好ましくはバリオボラックス・パラドクス（Ｖａｒｉｏｖｏｒａｘ ｐａｒａｄｏｘｕｓ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはバリオボラックス・パラドクス（Ｖａｒｉｏｖｏｒａｘ ｐａｒａｄｏｘｕｓ）ＣＧＦ４５２６株が挙げられる。 The bacterium belonging to the genus Barrioborax is preferably Varioborax paradoxus, more preferably Varioborax paradoxus CGF4526 strain.
なお、このバリオボラックス・パラドクスＣＧＦ４５２６株は、フィールドキーパー（登録商標）の商品名で農薬として販売されている。 The Varioborax Paradox CGF4526 strain is sold as an agrochemical under the trade name of Fieldkeeper (registered trademark).
トリコデルマ属に属する糸状菌としては、好ましくはトリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはトリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＳＫＴ−１株が挙げられる。 As the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Trichoderma, Trichoderma atrobride is preferable, and among them, Trichoderma atrovide SKT-1 strain is more preferable.
このトリコデルマ・アトロビリデＳＫＴ−１株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター（〒３０５−８５６６ 日本国茨城県つくば市東１−１−１ つくばセンター 中央第６）に、１９９７年（平成９年）１１月１０日に寄託されており、その受託番号はＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１６５１０である。 This Trichoderma Atrobilide SKT-1 strain was established in 1997 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (Tsukuba Center Central 6th, Tsukuba City 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Japan 305-8586). 9) Deposited on Nov. 10 and the deposit number is FERM P-16510.
なお、このトリコデルマ・アトロビリデＳＫＴ−１株は、エコホープ（登録商標）の商品名で農薬として販売されている。 The Trichoderma atrobilide SKT-1 strain is sold as an agrochemical under the trade name Ecohope (registered trademark).
フザリウム属に属する糸状菌としては、好ましくはフザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはフザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＫ−１０２株又はフザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＮＦ−３５６株が挙げられる。 The filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium preferably includes Fusarium oxysporum, more preferably Fusarium oxysporum SK-102 strain or Fusarium oxysporum SNF-3 strain SNF-3. Is mentioned.
このフザリウム・オキシスポラムＳＫ−１０２株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター（〒３０５−８５６６ 日本国茨城県つくば市東１−１−１ つくばセンター 中央第６）に、１９９２年（平成４年）５月２０日に寄託されており、その受託番号はＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１２９６５である。 This Fusarium oxysporum SK-102 strain was incorporated in the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Biological Deposit Center (Tsukuba Center Central 6th, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 305-8586) in 1992. 4 years) Deposited on May 20th, the deposit number is FERM P-12965.
また、フザリウム・オキシスポラムＳＮＦ−３５６株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター（〒３０５−８５６６ 日本国茨城県つくば市東１−１−１ つくばセンター 中央第６）に、１９９７年（平成９年）６月２０日に寄託されており、その受託番号はＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１６２８０である。 In addition, Fusarium oxysporum SNF-356 strain was established in 1997 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (Tsukuba Center, Central 1-1-1 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan 305-8586). (Heisei 9) Deposited on June 20, the deposit number is FERM P-16280.
タラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌としては、好ましくはタラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはタラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）ＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）Ｂ−４２２株、タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）胞子（例えば、農薬製剤バイオトラスト（登録商標）など）が挙げられる。 As the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Talaromyces, preferably, Talaromyces flavus is exemplified, and among them, Talaromyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01 strain, Talalomyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) is more preferable. B-422 strain | stump | stock, Talaromyces flavus (Talaromyces flavus) spores (For example, agrochemical formulation Biotrust (trademark) etc.) are mentioned.
なお、このタラロマイセス・フラバスＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株は、タフブロック（登録商標）及びタフパール（登録商標）の商品名で農薬として販売されており、タラロマイセス・フラバスＢ−４２２株はモミキーパー（登録商標）の商品名で農薬としての販売が準備されている。また、タラロマイセス・フラバスの胞子であるバイオトラスト（登録商標、商品名）も農薬として販売されている。 The Talalomyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01 strain is sold as an agrochemical under the trade names of Tough Block (registered trademark) and Tuff Pearl (registered trademark). The sale as a pesticide is being prepared under the trade name of the registered trademark. Biotrust (registered trademark, trade name) which is a spore of Talalomyces flavus is also sold as an agrochemical.
コニオチリウム属に属する糸状菌としては、好ましくはコニオチリウム・ミニタンス（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｉｔａｎｓ）が挙げられ、その中でもより好ましくはコニオチリウム・ミニタンス（Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ ｍｉｎｉｔａｎｓ）ＣＯＮ／Ｍ／９１−０８株が挙げられる。 As the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Coniotylium, preferably, Coniotylium minitans is mentioned, and among them, the Coniotylium minitans CON / M / 91-08 strain is more preferred.
なお、このコニオチリウム・ミニタンスＣＯＮ／Ｍ／９１−０８株は、ミニタン（登録商標）の商品名で農薬として販売されている。 The Coniotylium minitans CON / M / 91-08 strain is sold as an agrochemical under the trade name of Minitan (registered trademark).
本発明の光と微生物による養液栽培植物の病害防除方法に用いる微生物としては、上記のような微生物株を含む他に、それらの変異体で非病原性且つ植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有するものでも使用することができる。この変異体は、上記の微生物株の自然突然変異株、紫外線や化学変異剤を用いての突然変異株、また細胞融合株および遺伝子組み換え株などとして取得することができる。 In addition to the above-mentioned microorganism strains, the microorganisms used in the method for controlling diseases of hydroponic plants using light and microorganisms according to the present invention include non-pathogenic and non-pathogenic plant diseases and / or pests. Those having a control effect can also be used. This mutant can be obtained as a natural mutant of the above-mentioned microbial strain, a mutant using an ultraviolet ray or a chemical mutant, a cell fusion strain, a gene recombination strain, or the like.
本発明における養液栽培の形態には、薄膜水耕（ＮＦＴ）、湛液型水耕（ＤＦＴ）、浮根水耕、毛管水耕のような水耕栽培が含まれる。さらには、天然培地や人工・加工培地を用いた固形培地耕も含まれる。例えば、ピートモス耕、おがくず耕、ロックウール耕、バーミュキュライト耕等が挙げられる。それ以外にも、噴霧耕でも有効である。 Hydroponics in the present invention includes hydroponics such as thin film hydroponics (NFT), submerged hydroponics (DFT), floating root hydroponics, and capillary hydroponics. Furthermore, solid medium cultivation using a natural medium or an artificial / processed medium is also included. For example, peat moss plowing, sawdust plowing, rock wool plowing, vermiculite plowing and the like can be mentioned. In addition, it is also effective in spray plowing.
本発明の光線照射に用いる光源には、様々なものが含まれる。例えば発光ダイオード、蛍光管、冷陰極管、アーク灯、ネオン管、エレクトロルミナックス（ＥＬ）、無電極放電管、電球、レーザー光、あるいは、燐光、蛍光などの化学反応による光などが挙げられる。さらに、着色フィルム、偏向フィルターなどを使用して太陽光から特定波長を選択的に照射する手段も有効である。 Various light sources are used for the light irradiation of the present invention. For example, a light emitting diode, a fluorescent tube, a cold cathode tube, an arc lamp, a neon tube, electroluminax (EL), an electrodeless discharge tube, a light bulb, laser light, or light by a chemical reaction such as phosphorescence or fluorescence can be used. Furthermore, a means for selectively irradiating a specific wavelength from sunlight using a colored film, a deflection filter or the like is also effective.
本発明に用いられる光線は、４００〜７５０ｎｍの光線のみまたは、該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線が包含される。更には、４５０〜７５０ｎｍ、あるいは４３０〜６６０ｎｍ、あるいは４５０〜６２０ｎｍ、あるいは４７０〜６００ｎｍ、あるいは４８０〜５８０ｎｍの波長域の光線などが選択できる。特に、４６０〜５６０ｎｍの青色または緑色光が好ましい。
ここで、「該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線」とは、例えば太陽光の存在下では、４００〜７５０ｎｍのいずれかの波長の光照度が太陽光による該波長の光照度と比較して１．５倍以上、好ましくは２倍以上、更に好ましくは３倍以上であって、植物が日焼けによる障害を受けない範囲を指す。また、夜間に照射する場合では、４００〜７５０ｎｍのいずれかの波長の光照度がそれ以外の波長域の光照度よりも１．５倍以上、好ましくは２倍以上、更に好ましくは３倍以上強い光源を用い、植物が日焼けによる障害を受けない範囲の光照度を指し、４００〜７５０ｎｍ以外の波長の光が混在していても良いことを意味する。
The light beam used in the present invention includes only a light beam having a wavelength of 400 to 750 nm, or a light beam in which the light illuminance in the wavelength region is made stronger than the light illuminance in other wavelength regions. Furthermore, light in the wavelength region of 450 to 750 nm, alternatively 430 to 660 nm, alternatively 450 to 620 nm, alternatively 470 to 600 nm, alternatively 480 to 580 nm, and the like can be selected. In particular, blue or green light of 460 to 560 nm is preferable.
Here, “a light beam in which the light illuminance in the wavelength region is made stronger than the light illuminance in other wavelength regions” means that, for example, in the presence of sunlight, the light illuminance at any wavelength of 400 to 750 nm It is 1.5 times or more, preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 3 times or more as compared with light illuminance, and refers to a range in which plants are not damaged by sunburn. In the case of irradiation at night, a light source having a light intensity of any wavelength of 400 to 750 nm is 1.5 times or more, preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 3 times or more stronger than the light illuminance of other wavelength regions. Used, refers to the light illuminance in a range where the plant is not damaged by sunburn, meaning that light having a wavelength other than 400 to 750 nm may be mixed.
また、光線の照射方法については、植物体上部より照射する方法、植物体の株元より照射する方法、さらには、植物体側部より照射する方法のいずれの方法においても効果が示される。また、１回の照射時間は１〜１０時間が適当であり、照射回数は１日に１回以上、それを１〜７日毎に反復実施するのが適当である。好ましくは、夜間に２〜３時間の照射を３日に１回以上行うことが効果的である。 Moreover, about the irradiation method of a light ray, the effect is shown also in any of the method of irradiating from the plant body upper part, the method of irradiating from the plant origin, and also the method of irradiating from the plant body side part. Moreover, 1-10 hours are suitable for one irradiation time, and the frequency | count of irradiation is 1 time or more per day, and it is appropriate to repeat it every 1-7 days. Preferably, it is effective to perform irradiation for 2 to 3 hours at night once or more every 3 days.
本発明の養液栽培での防除法では、藻菌類（Ｏｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）、子嚢菌類（Ａｓｃｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）、担子菌類（Ｂａｓｉｄｉｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）、接合菌類（Ｚｙｇｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）、及び不完全菌類（Ｄｅｕｔｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）に属する菌類、および細菌類に起因する植物の病害を防除することができる。 In the control method in the hydroponics of the present invention, fungi belonging to algae fungi (Omycetes), ascomycetes (Ascomycetes), basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes, and incomplete fungi (Deuteromycetes), and bacteria It is possible to control plant diseases caused by species.
本発明により防除することのできる植物の病原菌としては、具体的にはシュードペロノスポラ（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｅｒｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ）属菌、例えばキュウリべと病菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｅｒｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃｕｂｅｎｓｉｓ）、ベンチュリア（Ｖｅｎｔｕｒｉａ）属菌、例えばリンゴ黒星病菌（Ｖｅｎｔｕｒｉａ ｉｎａｅｑｕａｌｉｓ）、エリシフェ（Ｅｒｙｓｉｐｈｅ）属菌、例えばコムギうどんこ病菌（Ｅｒｙｓｉｐｈｅ ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ）、ピリキュラリア（Ｐｙｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａ）属菌、例えばイネいもち病菌（Ｐｙｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａ ｏｒｙｚａｅ）、ボトリチス（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ）属菌、例えばキュウリ灰色かび病菌（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｃｉｎｅｒｅａ）、リゾクトニア（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ）属菌、例えばイネ紋枯病菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）、クラドスポリウム（Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）属菌、例えばトマト葉かび病菌（Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ｆｕｌｖｕｍ）、コレトトリカム（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ）属菌、例えばイチゴ炭そ病菌（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｆｒａｇａｒｉａｅ）、パクシニア（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ）属菌、例えばコムギ赤さび病菌（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔａ）、セプトリア（Ｓｅｐｔｏｒｉａ）属菌、例えばコムギふ枯病菌（Ｓｅｐｔｏｒｉａ ｎｏｄｏｒｕｍ）、スクレロティニア（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｎｉａ）属菌、例えばキュウリ菌核病菌（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｎｉａ ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｏｒｕｍ）、ピシウム（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍ）属菌、例えばキュウリ苗立枯病菌（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍ ｄｅｂａｒｙａｎｕｍ Ｈｅｓｓｅ）、ゲウマノマイセス（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎｎｏｍｙｃｅｓ）属菌、例えばコムギ立枯病菌（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎｎｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ）、また細菌として、キュウリ斑点細菌病菌（Ｐｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ）などをあげることができるが、これらの例により限定されるものではない。 Specific examples of plant pathogens that can be controlled according to the present invention include Pseudoperonospora bacteria such as cucumber downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Venturia (Venturia), such as apple black scab Venturia inaequalis, Erysiphe genus, such as wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Pyricularia genus (Pyricularia oryzae B), gray blast Botrytis cinerea), Rhizoctonia spp. Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium genus, such as tomato leaf mold (Cladosporia fulvum), Colletotrichum genus, such as strawberry anthracnose (Colletotrichum pulmonica) Genus fungi, such as wheat red rust fungus (Puccinia recondita), septoria spp. (Eg Septoria nodorum), sclerotia genus fungus, eg, cucumber sclerotia sclerotia Phythium), for example, cucumber seedling fungus ( Examples include, but are not limited to, Ythium debaryanum Hesse, genus Gaeumanomyces, such as wheat stem blight (Gaeumanomyces graminis), and bacteria, such as those that are limited to cucumber spot bacteria (Peudomonas syringae), etc. is not.
また、本発明が防除することのできる植物の害虫として、具体的にはアワヨトウ、イネヨトウ、フタオビコヤガ、タマナヤガ、ワタアカキリバ、オオタバコガ、シロイチモジヨトウ、ハスモンヨトウ、カブラヤガ、ヨトウガ、タマナギンウワバ、ニカメイガ、コブノメイガ、サンカメイガ、ナシオオシンクイ、ハイマダラメイガ、マメノメイガ、イネツトムシ、ワタアカミムシ、ジャガイモガ、ノシメマダラメイガ、チャノコカクモンハマキ、キンモンホソガ、ミカンハモグリガ、ブドウホソハマキ、ナシヒメシンクイ、マメシンクイガ、モモシンクイガ、ブドウスカシバ、チャノホソガ、コナガ、イガ等の鱗翅目害虫；タバココナジラミ、オンシツコナジラミ、ミカントゲコナジラミ、ワタアブラムシ、ユキヤナギアブラムシ、リンゴワタムシ、モモアカアブラムシ、ダイコンアブラムシ、ニセダイコンアブラムシ、マメアブラムシ、コミカンアブラムシ、ミカンクロアブラムシ、ブドウネアブラムシ、ムギミドリアブラムシ、ジャガイモヒゲナガアブラムシ、チャノミドリヒメヨコバイ、フタテンヒメヨコバイ、ヒメトビウンカ、トビイロウンカ、セジロウンカ、ツマグロヨコバイ、タイワンツマグロヨコバイ、シロオオヨコバイ、ルビーロウムシ、オリーブカタカイガラムシ、サンホーゼカイガラムシ、リンゴカキカイガラムシ、アカマルカイガラムシ、アカホシマルカイガラムシ、ヤノネカイガラムシ、クワコナカイガラムシ、ミカンコナカイガラムシ、イセリアカイガラムシ、リンゴキジラミ、ミカンキジラミ、ミナミアオカメムシ、ホソヘリカメムシ、ナシグンバイ等の半翅目害虫；イネミズゾウムシ、イネドロオイムシ、キスジノミハムシ、コロラドハムシ、テンサイトビハムシ、ディアブロチカ属（Ｄｉａｂｒｏｔｉｃａ ｓｐｐ．）、クリヤケシキスイ、ニジュウヤホシテントウ、インゲンマメゾウムシ、アズキゾウムシ、ヨツモンマメゾウムシ、ドウガネブイブイ、ヒメコガネ、マメコガネ、ゴマダラカミキリ、タバコシバンムシ、ヒメマルカツオブシムシ、コクヌストモドキ、ヒラタキクイムシ等の鞘翅目害虫；ナミハダニ、カンザワハダニ、ミカンハダニ、リンゴハダニ、チャノホコリダニ、ミカンサビダニ、ニセナシサビダニ等のダニ目害虫などをあげることができるが、本発明はこれらの例により限定されるものではない。 Specific examples of the plant pests that can be controlled by the present invention include Ayayotou, Yonetoto, Futobikogaga, Tamanayaga, Cottontail, Otobacco moth, Shirochimojiyotou, Hasmonyotou, Kaburayaga, Yotoga, Nanameigaioka, Nikameiiga, Spotted moth, Leguminous moth, Inetomushi, Cotton sword beetle, Potato moth, Nosipemadara moth, Chamoco crispula, Ginseng moth, Citrus crispula, Nasihime squishy, squirrel moth, Lepidoptera moth, Lepidoptera Tobacco whitefly, white spotted whitefly, citrus whitefly, cotton aphid, snowy aphid, apple cotton Aphids, peach aphids, radish aphids, pea aphids, bean aphids, rice aphids, citrus aphids, grape aphids, barley aphids, potato aphids, chamodium aphids, scallops White-footed planthopper, leafhopper leafhopper, white-winged leafhopper, white-tailed leafhopper, ruby worm, olive caterpillar, sanjoze scale, aphid scale, red beetle, red-footed scale, red-footed scale, yam scale, green-worm Citrus whale, Southern blue stink bug, Hosohelikamushi, Nashigunbai, etc. Hemiptera: insect weevil, rice beetle, kissing flea beetle, Colorado potato beetle, beetle beetle, diabrotica spp. Coleopterous insects such as beetles, scabbard beetles, tobacco beetles, beetles, beetles, mosquitoes, beetles, beetles; The present invention is not limited by these examples.
本発明の養液栽培における光による防除と微生物による防除の組み合わせにより高い防除効果が期待される植物としては、穀類（例えば、イネ、コムギ、オオムギ、トウモロコシ、ソバ）、イモ類（例えば、ジャガイモ、サツマイモ、サトイモ、ヤマイモ）、マメ類（例えば、ダイズ、インゲン、アズキ、エンドウ）、野菜類（例えば、ウリ類、トマト、ナス、ピーマン、キャベツ、ハクサイ、ダイコン、レタス、ニンジン、ネギ、タマネギ、イチゴ、ホウレンソウ、セロリ）、果樹（例えば、リンゴ、ナシ、オウトウ、モモ、ブドウ、カキ、カンキツ類、キウイ）、特用作物（例えば、ワタ、ナタネ、ヒマワリ、ビート、サトウキビ、タバコ）、芝、樹木、観賞用植物（例えば、バラ、キク、チューリップ、カスミ草、トルコキキョウ、等）などをあげることができるが、本発明はこれらの例により限定されるものではない。 Examples of plants that are expected to have a high control effect due to the combination of control by light and control by microorganisms in the hydroponics of the present invention include cereals (eg, rice, wheat, barley, corn, buckwheat), potatoes (eg, potato, Sweet potato, taro, yam), beans (eg, soybeans, green beans, azuki beans, peas), vegetables (eg, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, cabbage, cabbage, Japanese radish, lettuce, carrot, leek, onion, strawberry , Spinach, celery), fruit trees (eg apples, pears, sweet potatoes, peaches, grapes, oysters, citrus, kiwi), special crops (eg cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, beet, sugarcane, tobacco), turf, trees, Ornamental plants (eg roses, chrysanthemum, tulips, misty grass, eustoma, etc.) Although, and the like, the present invention is not limited by these examples.
本発明の農園芸用組成物（微生物農薬）は、水耕栽培における養液中にそのまま直接施用するか、あるいは水などで希釈して施用することができる。そのまま直接施用する場合は、水耕栽培システム中の養液中に直接投入する方法、あるいは育苗段階で育苗用マットに付着させて養液中に投入する方法、または水耕システム外で養液に投入する方法があげられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。水などで希釈して施用する場合は、水和剤、粒剤、懸濁製剤、乳剤などを、使用に適する濃度になるよう水で希釈し、その懸濁液を水耕栽培システム中の養液中に直接投入する方法、あるいは育苗段階で育苗用マットに含浸させて養液中に投入する方法、または水耕システム外で養液に投入する方法があげられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。なお、本発明の農園芸用組成物を施用するために希釈する水には、必要に応じて展着剤、肥料、他の農薬を添加することも可能である。更に、本発明の農園芸用組成物は、環境への負荷を高めない（本発明における環境への負荷軽減作用を充分に発揮させる）範囲であれば他の殺菌剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、除草剤、植物生長調節剤、肥料、土壌改良資材等と混合施用、交互施用、または同時施用することも可能である。 The composition for agricultural and horticultural use (microbial pesticide) of the present invention can be applied directly in a nutrient solution in hydroponics, or can be applied after diluting with water or the like. When applying directly as it is, it can be applied directly into the nutrient solution in the hydroponics system, or it can be attached to the seedling mat at the seedling stage and placed in the nutrient solution, or it can be applied to the nutrient solution outside the hydroponic system. Although the method of throwing in is mention | raise | lifted, it is not limited to these. When diluting with water, etc., dilute wettable powder, granules, suspension preparations, emulsions, etc. with water to a concentration suitable for use, and suspend the suspension in a hydroponic system. Examples include a method of directly injecting into the liquid, a method of impregnating a mat for raising seedlings at the seedling stage, and injecting into the nutrient solution, or a method of introducing into the nutrient solution outside the hydroponic system, but is limited to these is not. In addition, it is also possible to add a spreading agent, a fertilizer, and another agricultural chemical as needed to the water diluted in order to apply the agricultural and horticultural composition of the present invention. Furthermore, the agricultural and horticultural composition of the present invention has other fungicides, insecticides, nematicides as long as it does not increase the load on the environment (the effect of reducing the load on the environment in the present invention is sufficiently exhibited). It is also possible to apply the mixture, herbicide, plant growth regulator, fertilizer, soil improvement material, etc., mixed application, alternate application, or simultaneous application.
本発明の農園芸用組成物（微生物農薬）の施用量は、病害虫の種類、適用植物の種類、剤型等によって異なるため、一概に規定できないが、例えば水耕栽培用養液中に、芽胞又は胞子若しくは菌体の濃度として１０４〜１０１０ｃｆｕ（コロニー形成単位）／ｍｌであり、好ましくは１０６〜１０９ｃｆｕ／ｍｌである。また、施用する養液量に制限はない。 The application rate of the agricultural and horticultural composition (microbial pesticide) of the present invention varies depending on the type of pest, the type of applied plant, the dosage form, etc., and thus cannot be specified unconditionally. For example, in the nutrient solution for hydroponics, spore Alternatively, the concentration of spore or fungus body is 10 4 to 10 10 cfu (colony forming unit) / ml, preferably 10 6 to 10 9 cfu / ml. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in the amount of nutrient solution to apply.
以下、本発明の実施例について述べるが、本発明はこれらの実施例のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想内においてこれらの様々な変形が可能である。 Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be made within the technical idea of the present invention.
（製造例１：湿菌体の製造）
静岡県内の空気中より分離されたバシルスｓｐ．Ｄ７４７菌株（ＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−８２３４）を平板培地上で培養し、分離したコロニーをフラスコに植菌し、２０ｍｌのブイヨン培地（肉エキス１％、ペプトン１％、塩化ナトリウム０．５％）で、２７℃、１２０ｒｐｍ、１日間振盪培養した。得られた培養液をグルコース１％、可溶性澱粉２％、ポリペプトン０．５％、乾燥酵母１％、脱脂大豆１％、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．２％、ＮａＣｌ０．２％、炭酸カルシウム０．３％を含む、ｐＨ６．０の培地２０Ｌに植菌し２７℃、１２０ｒｐｍ、３日間振盪培養した後、遠心集菌（１０，０００×ｇ，１５分間）し、滅菌水中に懸濁し、培地成分を洗浄した。この操作を２回行い、湿重量約１ｋｇの湿菌体（芽胞画分）を得た。この芽胞画分はバシルスｓｐ．Ｄ７４７の芽胞を乾燥重量で５０重量％含有するものである。
(Production Example 1: Production of wet cells)
Bacillus sp. Isolated from the air in Shizuoka Prefecture. D747 strain (FERM BP-8234) was cultured on a plate medium, and the isolated colonies were inoculated into a flask. In a 20 ml broth medium (meat extract 1%, peptone 1%, sodium chloride 0.5%), 27 The culture was performed with shaking at 120 ° C. for 1 day. The resulting culture broth was 1% glucose, 2% soluble starch, 0.5% polypeptone, 1% dry yeast, 1% defatted soybeans, 0.2% KH 2 PO 4, 0.2% NaCl, 0.3% calcium carbonate Inoculated in 20 L of pH 6.0 medium containing 20% and cultured at 27 ° C., 120 rpm for 3 days with shaking, centrifuged (10,000 × g, 15 minutes), suspended in sterile water, Washed. This operation was performed twice to obtain wet cells (spore fraction) having a wet weight of about 1 kg. This spore fraction is a Bacillus sp. It contains 50% by weight of D747 spores by dry weight.
（試験例１：ホウレンソウ立枯病防除効果確認試験Ｉ）
ビニールハウス内の水耕ベッドに３〜４葉期のホウレンソウ（品種：アクティオン）を定植し、大塚ハウス１号（商品名）肥料１,５００ｇと大塚ハウス２号（商品名）肥料１,０００ｇを１,０００リットルの水に配合した水耕液（大塚Ａ処方）で１週間栽培したものを供試植物として用いた。水耕液にバシルス・エスピーＤ７４７株芽胞懸濁液（１×１０１１ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ）を水耕液の１／１０００容量投入し、その翌日にホウレンソウ立枯病菌（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍ ｕｌｔｉｍｕｍ ＮＢＲＣ３２４２６）を２５℃でポテトデキストロース寒天培地を用いて４日間培養した菌叢をガーゼに包み、水耕ベッドの培養液中に沈めて接種した。光照射は、緑色光源としてカラー蛍光ランプ（形名ＦＬ４０Ｓ・Ｇ、ピーク波長５２９ｎｍ；東芝ライテック株式会社製）を用い且つ４４０ｎｍ以下の波長の光をカットするフィルターを装着し、８０μｍｏｌ／ｍ２／ｓの光量子束密度で、定植時より３日に１回ずつ試験終了時まで、夜間に２時間照射した（試験期間中の照射回数としては計１０回）。定植１ヶ月後に各区の株の発病の有無を調査し、下記の数１の式により発病株率（％）を、数２の式により防除価（％）を求めた。
(Test Example 1: Spinach blight prevention effect confirmation test I)
Three to four leaf spinach (variety: Action) was planted on the hydroponics bed in the greenhouse, Otsuka House No. 1 (product name) fertilizer 1,500 g and Otsuka House No. 2 (product name) fertilizer 1,000 g What was cultivated for 1 week in hydroponic liquid (Otsuka A prescription) mixed with 1,000 liters of water was used as a test plant. Bacillus sp. D747 strain spore suspension (1 × 10 11 cfu / ml) was added to the hydroponic solution at 1/1000 volume of the hydroponic solution, and the next day, spiny mold NBRC32426 was added at 25 ° C. The bacterial flora cultured for 4 days using a potato dextrose agar medium was wrapped in gauze, and submerged in a culture medium in a hydroponics bed for inoculation. For light irradiation, a color fluorescent lamp (model name: FL40S · G, peak wavelength: 529 nm; manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Co., Ltd.) is used as a green light source, and a filter that cuts light having a wavelength of 440 nm or less is attached, and 80 μmol / m 2 / s. With the photon flux density, the irradiation was performed for 2 hours at night from the time of planting to the end of the test once every three days (the total number of irradiations during the test period was 10 times). One month after the planting, the presence or absence of the disease of each strain was investigated, and the disease-causing strain rate (%) was determined by the following formula 1, and the control value (%) was determined by the formula 2.
２種類の防除手段を併用して処理した際に期待される防除効果は、コルビー（Ｃｏｌｂｙ）の計算式より求めることができる（除草剤の組み合わせの相乗的及び拮抗的反応の計算：Ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇ Ｓｙｎｅｒｇｉｓｔｉｃ ａｎｄ Ａｎｔａｇｏｎｉｓｔｉｃ Ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ ｏｆ Ｈｅｒｂｉｃｉｄｅ Ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ、 Ｗｅｅｄ １５、２０〜２２ページ、１９６７）。コルビー（Ｃｏｌｂｙ）の計算式を下記数３に示す。 The control effect expected when treated in combination with two kinds of control means can be determined from the calculation formula of Colby (calculation of synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations: Calculating Synthetic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combination, Weed 15, 20-22, 1967). The calculation formula of Colby is shown in Equation 3 below.
上記の数３の式で、Ｘは一方の防除手段を施した場合の防除効果（防除価）を表し、Ｙは他方の防除手段を施した場合の防除効果（防除価）を表わす。その場合、Ｅは前者の防除手段と後者の防除手段を併用した場合の防除効果（防除価）の相加作用による期待値を表している。 In the above formula 3, X represents the control effect (control value) when one control means is applied, and Y represents the control effect (control value) when the other control means is applied. In this case, E represents an expected value due to the additive action of the control effect (control value) when the former control means and the latter control means are used in combination.
本発明の光と微生物の併用による防除効果が、Ｘとしてバシルスｓｐ．Ｄ７４７のみを処理した防除効果、Ｙとして光照射のみを処理した防除効果を用いてコルビー（Ｃｏｌｂｙ）の計算式より求められた計算値（Ｅ）より大きくなれば、この組み合わせによる防除効果が相乗効果により発揮されていることを示すこととなる。試験によって得られた実験値の防除価（％）、及びコルビーの計算式より求められた計算値の防除価（％）を下記表１に示した。 The control effect by the combined use of light and microorganisms of the present invention is X as Bacillus sp. If the control effect obtained by treating only D747 and the control effect obtained by treating only light irradiation as Y is larger than the calculated value (E) obtained from the calculation formula of Colby, the control effect by this combination is a synergistic effect. It shows that it is demonstrated by. The control value (%) of the experimental value obtained by the test and the control value (%) of the calculated value obtained from the calculation formula of Colby are shown in Table 1 below.
（試験例２：ホウレンソウ立枯病防除効果確認試験ＩＩ）
ビニールハウス内の水耕ベッドに３〜４葉期のホウレンソウ（品種：アクティオン）を定植し、大塚ハウス１号（商品名）肥料１,５００ｇと大塚ハウス２号（商品名）肥料１,０００ｇを１,０００リットルの水に配合した水耕液（大塚Ａ処方）で１週間栽培したものを供試植物として用いた。水耕液にエコメイト（エルビニア・カロトボーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃａｒｏｔｏｖｏｒａ）ＣＧＥ２３４Ｍ４０３株；クミアイ化学工業株式会社製、登録商標）を水耕液１００リットル当たり９０ｇ投入し、ホウレンソウ立枯病菌（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍ ｕｌｔｉｍｕｍ ＮＢＲＣ３２４２６）を２５℃でポテトデキストロース寒天培地を用いて４日間培養した菌叢をガーゼに包んだものをエコメイト投入２日後、９日後、１３日後の３回水耕ベッドの培養液中に沈めて接種した。光照射は、緑色光源としてカラー蛍光ランプ（形名ＦＬ４０Ｓ・Ｇ、ピーク波長５２９ｎｍ；東芝ライテック株式会社製）を用い且つ４４０ｎｍ以下の波長の光をカットするフィルターを装着し、赤色光源としてカラー蛍光ランプ（形名ＦＬ４０Ｓ・Ｒ、ピーク波長６６０ｎｍ付近；パナソニック株式会社製）を用い、６５μｍｏｌ／ｍ２／ｓの光量子束密度で、定植時より３日に１回ずつ試験終了時まで、夜間に２時間照射した（試験期間中の照射回数としては計１１回）。定植１ヶ月後に各区の株の発病の有無を調査し、上記の数１の式により発病株率（％）を、数２の式により防除価（％）を求めた。
(Test Example 2: Spinach blight prevention effect confirmation test II)
Three to four leaf spinach (variety: Action) was planted on the hydroponics bed in the greenhouse, Otsuka House No. 1 (product name) fertilizer 1,500 g and Otsuka House No. 2 (product name) fertilizer 1,000 g What was cultivated for 1 week in hydroponic liquid (Otsuka A prescription) mixed with 1,000 liters of water was used as a test plant. Into the hydroponic solution, 90 g of Ecomate (Erwinia carotovora CGE234M403 strain; Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., registered trademark) was added per 100 liters of hydroponic solution, and spiny mold NBRC32426 was added at 25 ° C. A bacterial flora cultured for 4 days using a potato dextrose agar medium wrapped in gauze was submerged in the culture solution in a hydroponic bed three times after 2 days, 9 days, and 13 days after inoculation. For light irradiation, a color fluorescent lamp (model name: FL40S · G, peak wavelength: 529 nm; manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Co., Ltd.) is used as a green light source, and a filter that cuts light with a wavelength of 440 nm or less is attached. (Model name: FL40S · R, peak wavelength around 660 nm; manufactured by Panasonic Corporation), photon flux density of 65 μmol / m 2 / s, 2 hours at night from the time of planting to the end of the test once every 3 days Irradiation (total number of irradiations during the test period was 11 times). One month after the planting, the presence or absence of the disease of each strain was investigated, and the disease-causing strain rate (%) was determined by the above formula 1, and the control value (%) was determined by the formula 2.
この結果を下記表２に示した。本発明の構成（エコメイト処理及び光照射の併用）により、無処理だけでなくエコメイト処理のみ、光照射のみよりも高い防除価が得られることが示された。 The results are shown in Table 2 below. It was shown that the control value of the present invention (combination of ecomate treatment and light irradiation) can be obtained not only without treatment but also with ecomate treatment alone, and higher control value than with light irradiation alone.
（試験例３：イネばか苗病防除効果確認試験）
開花期にイネばか苗病菌（Ｇｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌａ ｆｕｊｉｋｕｒｏｉ）を接種し感染させたイネ（品種：短銀坊主）の罹病籾を、１５℃で５日間、水に浸漬（体積浴比は籾１に対して水２）した後、水を捨て、気温３０℃の暗黒条件湿室に１日間保って催芽させた。ロックウール（やさいはなブロック３０；日本ロックウール株式会社製）の１０ブロックをプラスチックトレーに置き、１ブロック（３１ｍｍ×３１ｍｍ）当たり１２粒の催芽籾を播種した。エコホープ（トリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＳＫＴ−１株，１×１０８ｃｆｕ／ミリリットル；クミアイ化学工業株式会社製、登録商標）またはタフブロック（タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）ＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株，１×１０８ｃｆｕ／ｇ；出光興産株式会社製、登録商標）を水で１００倍に希釈し、その希釈液を１ブロック当たり２０ミリリットル滴下した。無処理の籾には水のみを同量滴下した。気温３０℃の暗黒条件湿室に３日間保って出芽管理した後、大塚ハウス１号（商品名）肥料０．７５ｇと大塚ハウス２号（商品名）肥料０．５ｇを１リットルの水に配合した培養液をそれぞれのプラスチックトレーに２００ミリリットルずつ入れ、気温２０℃、明期１６時間、暗期８時間の植物培養装置の中で栽培管理した。
光照射は、緑色光源として緑色ＬＥＤロープライト（ピーク波長５２０ｎｍ）を用い、９μｍｏｌ／ｍ２／ｓの光量子束密度で、青色光源としてカラー蛍光ランプ（形名ＦＬ２０Ｓ・Ｂ、ピーク波長４３０ｎｍ；東芝ライテック株式会社製）を用い、１０μｍｏｌ／ｍ２／ｓの光量子束密度で、毎週３回（月、水、金曜日）、植物培養装置の中で暗期に処理した。２週間の光照射処理後に全苗について発病の有無を調査し、数４の式により発病苗率（％）を、数５の式により防除価（％）を求めた。
(Test Example 3: Rice Bane Seedling Disease Control Effect Confirmation Test)
A rice cultivar (variety: short silver shaved) inoculated with Gibbella fujikuroi during the flowering period was immersed in water for 5 days at 15 ° C. 2) After that, the water was discarded, and germination was carried out by keeping it in a dark condition wet room at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 1 day. Ten blocks of rock wool (Yasai Hana block 30; manufactured by Nippon Rockwool Co., Ltd.) were placed on a plastic tray, and 12 buds were seeded per block (31 mm × 31 mm). Ecohope (Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1 strain, 1 × 10 8 cfu / milliliter; registered trademark, manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) or Tough Block (Talaromyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01) Stock, 1 × 10 8 cfu / g; Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., registered trademark) was diluted 100 times with water, and 20 ml of the diluted solution was added dropwise per block. The same amount of water alone was dropped into the untreated bottle. After keeping budding for 3 days in a dark humidity room with a temperature of 30 ° C, 0.75g of Otsuka House 1 (brand name) fertilizer and 0.5g of Otsuka House 2 (brand name) fertilizer are combined in 1 liter of water. 200 ml of the culture broth was put in each plastic tray and cultivated and managed in a plant culturing apparatus with an air temperature of 20 ° C., a light period of 16 hours, and a dark period of 8 hours.
Light irradiation uses a green LED rope light (peak wavelength: 520 nm) as a green light source, a photon flux density of 9 μmol / m 2 / s, and a color fluorescent lamp (model name: FL20S · B, peak wavelength: 430 nm; Toshiba Lighttech; Co., Ltd.) and processed in the dark period in a plant culture apparatus three times weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) at a photon flux density of 10 μmol / m 2 / s. After 2 weeks of light irradiation treatment, all seedlings were examined for the presence or absence of disease, and the diseased seedling rate (%) was calculated using the equation (4), and the control value (%) was calculated using the equation (5).
この結果を下記表３に示した。本発明の構成（エコホープ処理及び光照射の併用、タフブロック処理及び光照射の併用）により、無処理だけでなくエコホープ処理のみ、タフブロック処理のみ、光照射のみのいずれよりも高い防除価が得られることが示された。 The results are shown in Table 3 below. By the configuration of the present invention (combination of eco-hop treatment and light irradiation, combined use of tough block treatment and light irradiation), a higher control value is obtained not only with no treatment but only with eco-hop treatment, only with tough block treatment, or only with light irradiation. It was shown that
（試験例４：イネばか苗病防除効果確認試験）
開花期にイネばか苗病菌（Ｇｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌａ ｆｕｊｉｋｕｒｏｉ）を接種し感染させたイネ（品種：短銀坊主）の罹病籾を、１５℃で５日間、水に浸漬（体積浴比は籾１に対して水２）した後、水を捨て、気温３０℃の暗黒条件湿室に１日間保って催芽させた。ロックウール（やさいはなブロック３０；日本ロックウール株式会社製）の１０ブロックをプラスチックトレーに置き、１ブロック（３１ｍｍ×３１ｍｍ）当たり１２粒の催芽籾を播種した。タフブロック（タラロマイセス・フラバス（Ｔａｌａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ）ＳＡＹ−Ｙ−９４−０１株，１×１０８ｃｆｕ／ｇ；出光興産株式会社製、登録商標）を水で１００倍に希釈し、その希釈液を１ブロック当たり２０ミリリットル滴下した。無処理の籾には水のみを同量滴下した。気温３０℃の暗黒条件湿室に３日間保って出芽管理した後、大塚ハウス１号（商品名）肥料０．７５ｇと大塚ハウス２号（商品名）肥料０．５ｇを１リットルの水に配合した培養液をそれぞれのプラスチックトレーに２００ミリリットルずつ入れ、気温２０℃、明期１６時間、暗期８時間の植物培養装置の中で栽培管理した。
光照射は、緑色ＬＥＤロープライト（ピーク波長５２０ｎｍ）を用い、９μｍｏｌ／ｍ２／ｓの光量子束密度で毎週３回（月、水、金曜日）、植物培養装置の中で暗期に処理した。２６日間の光照射処理後に全苗について発病の有無を調査し、上記の数４の式により発病苗率（％）を、数５の式により防除価（％）を求めた。
(Test Example 4: Rice Baka Seedling Disease Control Effect Confirmation Test)
A rice cultivar (variety: short silver shaved) inoculated with Gibbella fujikuroi during the flowering period was immersed in water for 5 days at 15 ° C. 2) After that, the water was discarded, and germination was carried out by keeping it in a dark condition wet room at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 1 day. Ten blocks of rock wool (Yasai Hana block 30; manufactured by Nippon Rockwool Co., Ltd.) were placed on a plastic tray, and 12 buds were seeded per block (31 mm × 31 mm). Tough block (Talaromyces flavus SAY-Y-94-01 strain, 1 × 10 8 cfu / g; Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., registered trademark) was diluted 100 times with water, and the diluted solution was 1 20 ml was dropped per block. The same amount of water alone was dropped into the untreated bottle. After keeping budding for 3 days in a dark humidity room with a temperature of 30 ° C, 0.75g of Otsuka House 1 (brand name) fertilizer and 0.5g of Otsuka House 2 (brand name) fertilizer are combined in 1 liter of water. 200 ml of the culture broth was put in each plastic tray and cultivated and managed in a plant culturing apparatus with an air temperature of 20 ° C., a light period of 16 hours, and a dark period of 8 hours.
Light irradiation was performed using a green LED rope light (peak wavelength: 520 nm) at a photon flux density of 9 μmol / m 2 / s three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) in the plant culture apparatus in the dark period. After 26 days of light irradiation treatment, all seedlings were examined for the presence or absence of disease, and the diseased seedling rate (%) was determined by the above equation (4), and the control value (%) was determined by the equation (5).
この結果を下記表４に示した。本発明の構成（タフブロック処理及び緑色光照射の併用）での長期処理により、無処理だけでなくタフブロック処理のみ、緑色光照射のみのいずれよりも高い防除価が得られることが示された。 The results are shown in Table 4 below. It was shown that the long-term treatment in the configuration of the present invention (combination of tough block treatment and green light irradiation) can provide a higher control value than not only tough treatment but also tough block treatment alone or green light irradiation alone. .
本発明を要約すれば次のとおりである。 The present invention is summarized as follows.
すなわち本発明は、植物の養液栽培において、環境への負荷を軽減しながら高い防除効果を発揮し、幅広い防除対象（植物病害、害虫など）に有効な防除技術を提供することを目的とする。 That is, the present invention aims to provide a control technique effective for a wide range of control targets (plant diseases, pests, etc.) while exhibiting a high control effect while reducing the environmental load in hydroponics of plants. .
そして、４００〜７５０ｎｍの波長域の光線のみ又は該波長域の光照度をこれ以外の波長域の光照度より強くした光線を植物に照射し、且つ、植物の病害防除効果及び／又は害虫防除効果を有する非病原性の微生物を添加した養液で植物を栽培することで、各種植物病害及び／又は害虫等を効果的に防除する。 And it irradiates a plant with only a light beam having a wavelength region of 400 to 750 nm or a light beam having a light illuminance in the wavelength region stronger than the light illuminance in other wavelength regions, and has a plant disease control effect and / or a pest control effect. Various plant diseases and / or pests are effectively controlled by cultivating plants with a nutrient solution to which non-pathogenic microorganisms are added.
本発明において寄託されている微生物の受託番号を下記に示す。
（１）バシルス・エスピー（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）Ｄ７４７株（ＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−８２３４）。
（２）バークホルデリア・エスピー（Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒｉａ ｓｐ．）ＣＲＳＥ−３株（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−４８６）。
（３）トリコデルマ・アトロビリデ（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＳＫＴ−１株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１６５１０）。
（４）フザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＫ−１０２株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１２９６５）。
（５）フザリウム・オキシスポラム（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）ＳＮＦ−３５６株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１６２８０）。
The accession numbers of the microorganisms deposited in the present invention are shown below.
(1) Bacillus sp. D747 strain (FERM BP-8234).
(2) Burkholderia sp. CRSE-3 strain (NITE P-486).
(3) Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1 strain (FERM P-16510).
(4) Fusarium oxysporum SK-102 strain (FERM P-12965).
(5) Fusarium oxysporum SNF-356 strain (FERM P-16280).
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| US9877486B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2018-01-30 | AgBiome, Inc. | Methods of growing plants using modified biological control agents |
| BR122022010122B1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2023-05-16 | Agbiome, Inc | COMPOSITION, USE OF THE COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PLANT PATHOGEN, FORMULATION FOR CONTROLING A PLANT PATHOGEN, USE OF THE FORMULATION, METHOD FOR CULTIVATING A PLANT AND USE OF A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT NRRL No. B-50897 |
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| WO2015151272A1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Plant cultivation device, plant cultivation system provided with same, and plant cultivation method |
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| KR20180098320A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-09-03 | 에프엠씨 코포레이션 | On-site treatment of seeds in stalks |
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