JP5916537B2 - Filtration body, filtration apparatus having the same, and seawater treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtration device for filtering seawater as a large amount of raw water, in particular, a filter body for efficiently capturing and removing organisms contained in seawater taken as ballast water loaded in a ship's ballast tank, and The present invention relates to a filtration device and a seawater treatment device.

  In general, a ship with an empty load or a small load is filled with seawater as ballast water at the time of unloading because of the necessity of ensuring the depth of submersion of the propeller and ensuring safe navigation when empty. Conversely, when loading, ballast water is discharged into the sea. By the way, when ballast water is taken and drained by a ship that reciprocates between a loading port and an unloading port in different environments, organisms such as bacteria and plankton contained in the ballast seawater are brought in. There are concerns about adverse effects on coastal ecosystems. Therefore, in February 2004, an international convention for the regulation and management of ship ballast water and sediment was adopted at an international conference on ship ballast water management, and the treatment of ballast water became mandatory.

According to the standard established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a treatment standard for ballast water, the number of organisms (mainly zooplankton) of 50 μm or more contained in the ballast water discharged from the ship is less than 10 in 1 m ³ , The number of organisms (mainly phytoplankton) of 10 μm or more but less than 50 μm is less than 10 in 1 mL, the number of Vibrio cholerae is less than 1 cfu in 100 mL, the number of E. coli is less than 250 cfu in 100 mL, and the number of enterococci in 100 mL Is less than 100 cfu.

  In Patent Documents 1 to 5 as conventional techniques of ballast water treatment technology, harmful plankton or harmful algae cysts contained in ballast water are sterilized using chemicals, ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves, ozone, etc., when the ballast water is discharged. A sterilization method has been proposed.

  However, since the effect of these sterilization treatments varies depending on the type and size of organisms in the seawater, the seawater is previously filtered by a filtration device to capture and remove relatively large plankton, and small plankton and bacteria There has been proposed a technique of killing by performing sterilization treatment (Patent Document 6).

  And, when processing ballast water, it is required to do this in a shorter time, whether at the time of taking ballast water, at the time of drainage, while traveling to a ship, or in other cases. Since it is usual, when a living organism is collected by a filtration device, a filtration device capable of performing a large amount of filtration processing in a short time is desired. Therefore, in Patent Document 7, a plurality of filter bodies are provided so as to enable a large amount of processing, the filtration area is increased, and heating means is provided inside the apparatus to bring it into a high temperature state to kill residual organisms. A filtering device has been proposed. In the above-mentioned Patent Document 7, the filter body has a cylindrical shape with one end opened in the axial direction and a circumferential surface capable of passing water. Seawater is introduced from this opening, filtered at the circumferential surface, and discharged outside the circumferential surface. The The filter body is formed by winding a thin metal wire (notch wire) with protrusions formed at regular intervals close to each other in a coil shape around the cylindrical frame to form a cylindrical shape. A notch wire filter is formed in which openings are formed by protrusions therebetween. Since this notch wire filter is made of metal, this notch wire filter exhibits sufficient strength even during filtration and backwashing.

  In addition, as a filtration device capable of performing a large amount of filtration treatment in a short time and further capable of efficiently washing the filter medium, Patent Literature 8 includes a mechanism equipped with a mechanism for backwashing from both ends of the filter body. A device has been proposed. The filtration device of Patent Document 8 is provided with a large number of parallel filter bodies that are long cylindrical bodies that are open at both ends in the axial direction, an inlet that receives raw water, and an outlet that discharges filtrate water. And the raw water is filtered by the flow from the inside of the filter body to the outside in the container, and the filter device has a filter body that is different from each other with respect to some of the filter bodies. It also has a reverse cleaning mechanism located at one end and the other end, and this reverse cleaning mechanism is positioned so as to be alternately connected to the ends of different filter bodies so that the pressure inside the filter body is filtered outside the filter body. The pressure is lower than the pressure of the filtered water, and a backwash flow from the outside to the inside of the filter body is generated, and the filtration residue adhering to the inside of the filter body is peeled off and backwashed. It should be discharged from the washing water outlet . Further, each filter body is divided into an upper space and a lower space between the end portions, and an intermediate partition portion is provided, and backwashing mechanisms connected to one end and the other end of the different filter bodies are provided with the different filter Connected to the upper space and the lower space of the body, respectively, a backwash flow is generated in each of the upper space and the lower space. Since the upper space and the lower space into which the filter body is divided are functionally independent from each other, one of the upper space and the lower space of the filter body is backwashed by backwashing, and at the same time, the filtration is continued on the other side. . By providing a mechanism for backwashing from both ends of the filter body, when backwashing is performed only from one end of the filter body, it is improved that the filtration residue remains on the other end side and clogging occurs.

  A communication opening that allows a small amount of communication flow to pass between the upper space and the lower space is formed in the intermediate partition that divides the internal space of the filter body into two. The purpose of this communication opening is that during backwashing, the vicinity of the intermediate partition is away from the connection with the backwashing mechanism, so the backwashing flow is small and sufficient backwashing cannot be performed, and the filtration residue remains clogged in the filter medium. This is because the flow that supplements the momentum of the backwash flow is generated in the vicinity of the intermediate partition portion by the communication flow to supplement the backwash capability.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-322788 JP 2001-293474 A JP 2008-55352 A JP 2005-21814 A JP 2010-58080 A JP 2006-248510 A JP 2009-066653 A WO2007 / 062763

<1><Problem of notch wire filter>
However, there is a need for improvements in the economics of notch wire filters. First, a notch wire filter is formed by spirally winding a notch wire around a plurality of columnar support members that connect an upper plate and a lower plate at their peripheral edges, with one end of the notch wire being the upper plate and the other end being the lower side. The notch wire is completely integrated with the upper and lower plates. Therefore, in order to recover the reduced filtration performance of the filter body, the entire filter body must be replaced with a new one. This is economically disadvantageous.

  Furthermore, the notch wire filter is different from using a commercially available filter filter cloth, and for each filter body, a filter body in which the notch wire is accurately wound around the support material having the above-described structure must be manufactured. Therefore, the manufacturing cost is increased.

<2><Problem of the filter material part in contact with the support>
As a method of mounting a filter element (notch wire, mesh sheet material), which is a filter material, on a support (also referred to as a retainer or element holder), a conventional method is to wrap a notch wire around a retainer for a notch wire type filter. In the case of a mesh filter, the mesh sheet material is in close contact with the retainer.

  In this method, since the retainer and the filter element are in close contact with each other, the filter element portion that comes into contact with the structural portion that is the support portion of the retainer (the portion other than the opening in the case of a cylindrical body that uses punching metal as the support body) Since the raw water to be filtered does not permeate, it is not an effective filtration part that can be filtered, and the effective filtration area rate is reduced overall. Therefore, a large number of filter bodies are required to secure the filtration processing amount.

<3><Problem of the intermediate partition portion of the bidirectional backwash mechanism>
In the filtration device having a mechanism for backwashing from both ends of the filter body of Patent Document 8, a communication opening is provided in the intermediate partition portion of the filter body, and a communication flow flows from the intermediate partition portion to the vicinity of the inner surface of the filter element. It is designed to create a flow that supplements the momentum of backwash flow. If this communication flow is not sufficient or the flow direction of the communication flow is not appropriate, a flow that compensates for the backwash flow cannot be generated properly, and the filter residue remains clogged in the filter body. And the communication opening is clogged.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention has sufficient strength during filtration and backwashing, can be manufactured at low cost, and ensures a large effective filtration area ratio for filtration even when the filter element is supported by a retainer. , A filter body having a filter body suitable for capturing and removing organisms in water taken as ballast water, and a seawater treatment. It is an object to provide an apparatus.

<Filter body and filtration device>
The filter body of the present invention is a filter body having, as a first form, a cylindrical filter medium supported by a support body provided therein and having both ends in the central axis direction as openings, and the opening portion during filtration The raw water flows in and permeates the filter medium and is drained outward from the peripheral surface of the filter body as filtered water. Further, during backwashing, backwash water outside the filter body flows into the inside from the peripheral surface of the filter body. In the filter body that peels off deposits on the inner surface of the filter medium and is drained from the opening, the support includes end support cylinders having openings at both ends in the central axis direction, and both ends. A cylindrical support material in which the outer peripheral portions of the support cylinder are connected to each other and a plurality of holes are perforated, and the support body has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm between the support material outer surface and the filter material inner surface. The filter medium is supported by providing a gap of 0 mm.

  In the second form, in the filter body of the first form, the support body has an intermediate partition portion at an intermediate position in the central axis direction, and the intermediate partition portion divides the filter body internal space into one end side and the other end side in the central axis direction. Divided into two spaces.

  In the third form, in the first or second form, the filter medium is formed of a metal mesh filter composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, and the opening of the inner layer filter is an opening suitable for capturing the filtration object. The opening of the outer layer filter is larger than the opening of the inner layer filter.

  In the fourth embodiment, in the third embodiment, the metal mesh filter is a metal mesh filter in which the opening of the inner layer filter is 30 to 100 μm and the opening of the outer layer filter is 300 to 3000 μm.

  In the fifth embodiment, in the fourth embodiment, in the metal mesh filter, the inner layer and the outer layer are integrated by sintering.

  A filtration device according to the present invention includes, as a sixth embodiment, a plurality of circumferentially-circulated positions around a central axis perpendicular to the plate surface and the filter body according to any one of the first to fifth embodiments described above. The filter body is held at the opening end of the filter body, and the through holes through which the filter body penetrates in the thickness direction communicate with the inside of the filter body through the opening of the filter body. Two substrates that hold each of the two plates facing each other, a container that houses an assembly formed by holding the plurality of filter bodies by the substrates, and the other plate surface of the substrate. A backwashing mechanism for driving a backwashing tube provided in the container, and a first chamber located between the two plate surfaces of the two substrates and a space in the container, and each of the two substrates It is divided into two second chambers located on the side of the other plate surface, and a communication pipe that communicates the two second chambers is provided. The container is provided with a raw water introduction pipe communicating with one of the second chambers and a filtered water discharge pipe communicating with the first chamber, and a backwash water discharge pipe communicating with the backwash pipe extends outside the container. It is characterized by being provided.

  According to the filtration device having the filter body of the present invention having such a configuration, raw water such as seawater is introduced from the raw water introduction pipe into the second chamber of the container, enters the filter body through the through-hole of the substrate, and is filtered. The filtered water reaches the first chamber through the plurality of holes formed in the body support material and the filter material disposed on the outer surface of the support material, and is taken out from the container through the filtered water discharge pipe. It is. During this time, the filtration object in the raw water is filtered, and the filtration residue adheres to the inner surface of the filter medium.

  On the other hand, in the filter body in which the backwash pipe of the backwash mechanism is located, since the backwash pipe is present, raw water cannot flow into the filter body from the second chamber. The backwash water enters the filter body through the filter material on the outer peripheral surface of the support material and the hole of the support material. At that time, the backwash water peels and removes the filtration residue adhering to the inner surface of the filter medium. And backwash water is discharged | emitted out of a container from a backwash water discharge pipe through a backwash pipe with this filtration residue. Since the backwash tube rotates about the central axis, the target filter body in which the backwash tube is located changes sequentially, so that the filter bodies are always backwashed one after another while filtering the raw water.

  The metal mesh filter (also referred to as a metal mesh filter element) that forms the filter medium of the filter body of the present invention is formed in a cylindrical shape in advance, and is 0.1 to 2.0 mm from the outer surface of the support (also referred to as a retainer). The inner surface is formed to form a gap. With this gap, the support can be inserted into the filter medium, and then both ends of the filter medium are fixed to the support. For this fixing, only a small area at both ends is sufficient, and by providing this gap, the filter medium and the support do not adhere to almost the entire area except for both ends. Almost the entire area functions effectively as a filtration area.

  By providing this gap, it is possible to ensure that a communication flow necessary to generate a flow that supplements the momentum of the backwash flow in the vicinity of the intermediate partition portion in the upside down alternating backwash operation passes through this gap. Since this communication flow is uniform all around the filter medium and flows in the immediate vicinity of the filter medium, the communication flow has a high effect of supplementing the reverse cleaning performance by generating a flow that supplements the momentum of the backwash flow. Moreover, the structure of the filter body of the present invention is simple, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  The filter medium in the filter body in the present invention is preferably formed of a metal mesh filter composed of an inner layer and an outer layer. The opening of the inner layer filter is an opening suitable for capturing the filtration object, and the opening of the outer layer filter is larger than the opening of the inner layer filter. An inner layer filter having a small mesh size determines the size of a filterable product, that is, the filtration performance. During filtration, the outer layer filter supports the inner layer filter to prevent and protect the inner layer filter from damage, and during backwashing, the support material supports the inner layer filter to prevent and protect the inner layer filter from damage caused by shrinkage deformation. Furthermore, the filter medium does not cause the problem of corrosion due to seawater by using a metal mesh filter made of a corrosion-resistant metal mesh having high corrosion resistance against seawater.

  In the filter medium, when the raw water is filtered, the raw water is transmitted from the inside toward the outside, and at the time of backwashing, the backwash water is transmitted from the outside to the inside. In the above filter medium, filtration residue adheres to the inner layer filter during filtration, and the clogging of the opening gradually proceeds. The inner layer filter is subjected to pressure on the outside, and the inner layer filter alone may expand to the outside and break. However, since the outer layer filter supports the inner layer filter and suppresses its expansion, the inner layer filter can be prevented from being damaged. On the other hand, the filtration residue adheres to the inner layer filter during backwashing, and pressure on the inner layer filter acts on the inner layer, but since the support material supports the inner layer filter and suppresses its excessive shrinkage, there is no problem with backwashing. The inner layer filter can be prevented from being damaged. Since the support material and the outer layer filter have a larger opening than the inner layer filter, they do not have any influence on the filtration performance of the inner layer filter.

  When manufacturing the support body, the support body is formed into a cylindrical shape by manufacturing both open ends and connecting a sheet material having a large number of holes, for example, a punching metal material, between the side edges. And it can connect to the outer peripheral part of the said opening edge part by the welding etc. in the periphery of a longitudinal direction both ends, and can be used as a support body.

  Next, the filter material is selected from the metal mesh filters described above, which are employed as the inner layer filter and the outer layer filter, and the inner layer filter and the outer layer filter are integrated by sintering, or as appropriate. It can be integrated by welding or the like at a location, for example, at the periphery, and can be made into a single cylindrical sheet, facilitating the circumferential arrangement on the support material and the attachment and holding to the open end. In other words, at the time of maintenance, it is only necessary to remove only the filter medium from the opening end without removing the entire filter body. This not only facilitates replacement work, but is also economically advantageous.

  In the present invention, the size of the support material outer surface and the filter material inner surface is such that the support body supports the filter material with a gap of 0.1 to 2.0 mm between the support material outer surface and the filter material inner surface. Is set.

  In the present invention, the filtering material seems to be held by the clamp band on the respective peripheral surfaces of the both opening end portions through the cushioning material arranged in the mounting groove portions formed on the respective peripheral surfaces of the both opening end portions. Can be. By using the cushioning material and the clamp band, it is possible to prevent the filter medium from being damaged when the filter medium is attached to both open ends, during filtration and backwashing, and it is very easy to install and remove.

<Seawater treatment equipment>
The seawater treatment device of the present invention has, as a seventh embodiment, a filtration device of the sixth embodiment, a seawater intake line, and a treated water supply line, and filters the seawater taken in the seawater intake line with the filtration device, The filtered water after filtration is supplied to the ballast tank through the treated water supply line as treated water.

  The filtration device in the seawater treatment device is used as a biological capture and removal device that captures and removes water in water taken as ballast water. Such a seawater treatment apparatus is used as a ballast water treatment apparatus that is combined with a sterilization apparatus that sterilizes bacteria remaining in the filtered water extracted from the filtration apparatus, and removes and kills organisms in the water. In addition, in the ballast water treatment, the sterilization treatment performed after the treatment for capturing and removing the organisms in the water with the filtration device is not limited to the treatment performed using the chemicals, but performed using ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves, heat, etc. It may be.

  The present invention, as described above, in the filter body used in the filtration device and the seawater treatment apparatus having the same, supports the filter medium at both ends of the support member in the axial direction, and the support member at the peripheral surface other than both ends. Since a gap of 0.1 to 2.0 mm is formed between the outer surface and the inner surface of the filter medium, the entire peripheral surface becomes a filtration area, the filtration capacity increases, and the clogging of the filter medium progresses. Since it is slow, its filtration capacity can be maintained for a long time.

  Furthermore, the filter medium arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical filter body is a metal mesh filter consisting of two layers, an inner layer filter and an outer layer filter, and the mesh of the inner layer filter is suitable for capturing the filtration object. The outer layer filter has a larger opening than the inner layer filter, and the inner layer filter that determines the filtration performance is supported by the outer layer filter having a large opening, and has a plurality of holes. If the filter medium is supported by a cylindrical support material having a perforated portion, the strength of the filter medium can be secured while maintaining the filtration performance of the inner layer filter. Only the filter medium can be easily removed without removing it. A metal mesh filter preferable in the present invention in which such an effect is produced is a metal mesh filter in which the inner layer filter has an opening of 30 to 100 μm and the outer layer filter has an opening of 300 to 3000 μm.

It is a partial fracture front view of a filtration device as a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows one of the several filter body used for the filtration apparatus of FIG. 1, (A) is a decomposition | disassembly front view, (B) is an expanded sectional view about an upper end, (C) is CC cross section in (A). FIG. It is a perspective view of the filter medium and support material of the filter body of FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing the main part of a backwashing mechanism in the apparatus. It is VV sectional drawing in FIG. It is a figure which isolate | separates and shows each layer about the filter material used for the filter body of FIG. 2 in the expansion | deployment state. It is a figure which shows the seawater processing apparatus which is 2nd embodiment of this invention.

<Filtration device (first embodiment)>
The filtration device of this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a container 1 in which a lid 3 is attached in a watertight state to an upper opening of the container body 2 to a bottomed cylindrical container body 2 having a vertical center axis X. Two parallel substrates 4 and 5 that partition the internal space of the container 1 at the upper and lower portions of the container 1, and the lower surface of the upper substrate 4 and the lower one between the two substrates 4 and 5 A plurality of cylindrical filter bodies 6 attached in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 5 and extending vertically, and backwash tubes 7 and 8 which are slidably rotated with respect to the upper surface of the substrate 4 and the lower surface of the substrate 5; And a drive mechanism 9 for rotationally driving it. In the container 1, a main chamber 1A as a first chamber is formed between the two substrates 4 and 5, and an upper chamber 1B as a second chamber is formed on the upper surface side of the upper substrate 4, that is, above the main chamber 1A. However, a lower chamber 1C as another second chamber is formed on the lower surface side of the lower substrate 5, that is, below the main chamber 1A.

  The container 1 has a seawater introduction pipe 10 as a raw water introduction pipe so as to communicate with the lower chamber 1C at one place in the circumferential direction, and communicates with a receiving portion 14A described later at another place in the circumferential direction. Drain pipes 12 are connected via flanges so that the backwash water discharge pipe 11 communicates with the lower chamber 1C at the bottom. A first on-off valve 10A, a second on-off valve 11A, and a third on-off valve 12A are attached to the seawater introduction pipe 10, the backwash water discharge pipe 11, and the drain pipe 12, respectively. Further, a filtered water discharge pipe 13 is connected to the container 1 so as to communicate with the main chamber 1A at one position in the circumferential direction at an intermediate position in the vertical direction. A fourth on-off valve 13A is attached to the filtered water discharge pipe 13.

  The two substrates 4 and 5 partitioning into the upper chamber 1B and the lower chamber 1C are formed in the same manner, and a plurality of (three in the example of FIGS. 1 and 5) circles concentric with the central axis X Through holes 4A, 4B, 4C; 5A, 5B, 5C penetrating in the plate thickness direction are formed at intersections with a plurality (12 in FIG. 5) of radial lines facing the central axis X. As described above, the filter body 6 (described later) is vertically installed between the substrates 4 and 5 so as to communicate with the through holes 4A, 4B and 4C; 5A, 5B and 5C. It has been. Further, the substrate 4, 5 is formed with a central through hole 4 D; 5 D at the position of the axis X, and the central through hole 4 D; 5 D is connected by a communication pipe 28. Therefore, the upper chamber 1 </ b> B and the lower chamber 1 </ b> C as the second chamber are communicated by the communication pipe 28.

  The backwash tube 7 slidably rotating on the upper surface of the upper substrate 4 and the backwash tube 8 slidably rotated on the lower surface of the lower substrate 5 are radially outward from one end located at the central axis X. The container body 2 extends so as to have the other end in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface. In the case of the example of FIGS. 1 and 4, the backwash tubes 7 and 8 are provided at positions shifted by 180 ° in the circumferential direction. The backwash tubes 7 and 8 protrude downward and upward from the central axis X at positions equal to the radius of each circle where the through holes 4A, 4B and 4C; 5A, 5B and 5C are located. Connection ports 7A, 7B, and 7C; 8A, 8B, and 8C are provided (see FIG. 4). The connection ports 7A, 7B, and 7C are on the upper surface of the upper substrate 4, and the connection ports 8A, 8B, and 8C are on the lower side. In sliding contact with the lower surface of the substrate 5. The backwash tubes 7 and 8 have one end opened at the position of the central axis X and the other end closed. The open ends of the backwash pipes 7 and 8 are integrally connected so as to communicate with the connecting pipe 14 located on the central axis X. The communication pipe 14 passes through the communication pipe 28, but a communication gap is provided between the inner diameter of the communication pipe 28 and the outer diameter of the communication pipe 14. The connecting pipe 14 is closed at the upper end and opened at the lower end. The lower end of the communication pipe 14 that opens is protruding into a receiving portion 14A provided at the bottom of the container body 2, and is centered in a watertight state via a rotation-permissible seal 14B with respect to the upper plate of the receiving portion 14A. It is supported so as to be relatively rotatable about the axis X. The aforementioned backwash water discharge pipe 11 is connected to the receiving portion 14A in communication (see FIG. 4).

  At the time of backwashing, the backwashing pipes 7 and 8 communicate with the outside of the container 1 through the backwashing water discharge pipe 11 and are under atmospheric pressure, and are connected to the connection ports 7A, 7B and 7C; 8A, 8B and 8C. Is the atmospheric pressure, and when the through holes 4A, 4B, 4C; 5A, 5B, 5C are connected to the connection ports 7A, 7B, 7C; 8A, 8B, 8C, respectively, the outside of the filter body 6 is filtered. Since the inside is atmospheric pressure due to the water pressure and the pressure outside the filter body 6 is higher than the inside, the filtered water permeates the filter medium from the outer periphery of the filter body and flows into the filter medium as backwash water. The attached filtration residue is peeled off, backwashed, and discharged to the outside of the container through the backwash water discharge pipe 11 together with the backwash water.

  A drive mechanism 9 is connected to the communication tube 14. The drive mechanism 9 includes a motor 16 with a speed reducer 15 provided on the outer surface of the lid 3 of the container 1, and extends from the speed reducer 15 into the upper chamber 1B of the container 1 and extends on the central axis X. The lower end of the drive shaft 15A is connected to the upper end of the connecting pipe 14. Thus, the rotation of the motor 16 is decelerated by the speed reducer 15 and transmitted to the drive shaft 15A, and the backwash tubes 7 and 8 integrally connected to the communication tube 14 rotate around the central axis X. It becomes like this. Due to the rotation of the backwash pipes 7 and 8, the connection ports 7A, 7B and 7C; 8A, 8B and 8C of the backwash pipes 7 and 8 move in the circumferential direction, respectively, and pass through holes 4A of the substrates 4 and 5 one after another. , 4B, 4C; 5A, 5B, 5C.

  The filter body 6 attached to the positions of the through holes 4A, 4B, 4C; 5A, 5B, 5C with respect to the lower surface of the upper substrate 4 and the upper surface of the lower substrate 5 is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, a support 20 formed by connecting short cylindrical end support tubes 17 and 18 positioned at the upper and lower ends with a support 19 having a long cylindrical shape, and attached to the support 20. It has a cylindrical filter medium 21, a clamp band 22 as an attachment used for mounting the filter medium 21 to the support 20, and an elastic sheet material 23.

  The upper and lower end support cylinders 17 and 18 are positioned so as to be reversed in the vertical direction, but the form of the end support cylinder itself is exactly the same. The end support cylinders 17; 18 are attached to the mounted portions 17A; 18A having an annular concavo-convex formed on the outer peripheral surface for attachment to the substrates 4; 5, and the clamp band 22 and the elastic sheet material 23 on the outer peripheral surface. It has the connection part 17B; 18B in which the cylindrical surface for contact | abutting was formed (because the lower connection part 18B is located inside the filter medium 21, it is not shown in FIG. 2 (A)). The inner surfaces of the end support cylinders 17; 18 form openings 17C, 18C. The inner diameters of the openings 17C; 18C are those of the through holes 4A, 4B, 4C; 5A, 5B, 5C of the substrate 4; It is almost the same as the inner diameter. The end support cylinders 17; 18, the support member 19 and the clamp band 22 are preferably made of a material made of stainless steel or anticorrosive so as not to be corroded by seawater. The end support cylinders 17 and 18 are connecting portions 17B and 18B, and are connected to and integrated with the support material 19 of an elongated cylindrical sheet by, for example, welding or the like to form a support body 20. The cylindrical support portion 17B; 18B of the end support cylinder 17; 18 is stepped with respect to the mounted portion 17A; 18A in order to position the axial end of the cylindrical support member 19. Thus, it is preferable to perform welding or the like at a stable position.

  The elastic sheet material 23 fastened by the clamp band 22 is made of a material that has elasticity such as a rubber sheet and can be bent and bent relatively easily. In the present embodiment, the elastic sheet material 23 is formed by folding a cylindrical rubber sheet at an intermediate position in the cylinder axial direction to form a double cylinder, and sandwiching the peripheral edge of the axial end portion of the filter material 21 described later from the inside to the outside. Attached to the periphery.

  The support member 19 is formed by rounding a relatively thin punching metal having a large number of holes 19A distributed over the entire surface into a cylindrical shape, and joining the side edges 19B together by welding or the like to form a cylindrical body. Yes. In FIG. 2A, the illustration of the hole portion 19A in the middle in the vertical direction is omitted, but the hole portion 19A is formed in almost the entire area except for the upper and lower end regions (see FIG. 3A). The support member 19 is integrated with the end support tube 17; 18 by welding or the like in a state where the support member 19 is disposed in contact with the peripheral surface of the connecting portion 17B; 18B of the end support tube 17; A single support 20 is formed by being connected to each other. The shape of the hole 19A may be a quadrangle as shown or a circle. The support member 19 is attached with a disc-shaped intermediate partition portion 19C that bisects the internal space in the middle in the axial direction.

  A clamp band 22 to which a filter medium 21 described later is attached at the connecting portions 17B; 18B formed on the end support cylinders 17; 18 is connected to the connecting portions 17B; 18B as shown in FIGS. Each elastic metal strip has a width that fits in a ring-like shape (C-ring shape) that is open at one location, with a protrusion at one end in the circumferential direction and a locking hole at the other end adjacent to it. In addition, after the clamp band is arranged on the outer periphery of the filter material 21 described later, the projection material is snapped into the locking hole in a snap shape, so that the filter material 21 is inserted into the end support tube via the elastic sheet 23. 17;

  In this embodiment, the filter medium 21 is made of a metal mesh filter, and the filter medium 21 is formed by stacking two kinds of metal mesh filters as shown in FIG. 6 into an outer layer and an inner layer. And is formed as a cylindrical body by integrating the inner layer and the outer layer by sintering, or by joining the peripheral edge portions of both ends and the joining edge 24 in the circumferential direction (FIGS. 2A to 2C). FIG. 3B).

  In the metal mesh filter, both the outer layer filter 21A forming the outer layer and the inner layer filter 21B forming the inner layer are, for example, nickel-based alloys such as Monel, Hastelloy, and Inconel, seawater resistance such as titanium, titanium alloy, and seawater-resistant stainless steel. Corrosion caused by seawater does not occur. As seen in FIG. 6, the outer layer filter 21A and the inner layer filter 21B of the filter medium 21 are preferably a metal mesh filter in which the outer layer filter 21A has an opening of 300 to 3000 μm and the inner layer filter 21B has an opening of 30 to 100 μm. It has become. At that time, the thickness of the metal wire forming the metal mesh filter is larger in the outer layer filter 21A than in the inner layer filter 21B.

  As described above, the two types of metal mesh filters constituting the outer layer filter 21A and the inner layer filter 21B are integrated by sintering the inner layer filter 21B and the outer layer filter 21A to form a cylindrical filter medium as shown in FIGS. 21 is formed. Alternatively, after the two types of metal mesh filters are cut to appropriate development dimensions, the upper and lower edges 21-1; 21-2 are joined together by welding or the like to form one sheet, and then rolled into a cylindrical shape. Then, the circumferential edges are joined together by welding or the like to form a joined edge 24, and the cylindrical filter medium 21 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is formed. By forming in this way, there is no relative sagging or misalignment between the outer layer filter 21A and the inner layer filter 21B, and a predetermined shape and state are maintained. Further, the extrapolation of the filter medium 21 to the support member 19 can be easily performed.

  The cylindrical filter medium 21 has upper and lower end portions 25 and 26 which are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical support member 19 at both axial positions, and the intermediate cylindrical portion 27 between the end portions 25 and 26 is the above-described one. A gap is formed with the outer peripheral surface of the support member 19. This gap is about 0.1 to 2.0 mm in the radial direction at least during backwashing.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the filter medium 21 formed in this way is after the support 20 is inserted from one end side into the filter medium 21 on which a cushioning material such as an elastic sheet is arranged in advance. The filter medium 21 is tightened and held by the clamp band 22 at the peripheral portion of the end support tube 17; 18. Further, even at an intermediate position between the end support tube 17 and the end support tube 18, for example, an annular member is interposed on the outer peripheral surface of the support member 19 at the position of the intermediate partition portion 19 </ b> C in the vertical direction, thereby filtering the filter. It is desirable that the material 21 is tightly held with respect to the support material 19 by the clamp band 22 while maintaining a gap with the support material 19. By doing so, the gap can be more reliably secured over the entire length of the filter body 6. The filter body 6 configured in this manner has the opening portions 17C and 18C of the attachment portions 17A and 18A of the end support cylinders 17 and 18, and the openings 17C and 18C of the through holes 4A, 4B and 4C of the substrate 4; At the position corresponding to 5A, 5B, 5C, it is attached to the substrate 4;

  The filtration device of this embodiment configured as described above is filtered, backwashed, and maintained in the following manner.

<At the time of filtration and backwashing>
First, the first, second, and fourth on-off valves 10A, 11A, and 13A are opened and the third on-off valve 12A is closed to introduce raw water, for example, seawater before filtration, into the container 1 from the seawater introduction pipe 10 as raw water. To do. The raw water enters the lower chamber 1C of the container 1 and then flows into the upper chamber 1B through the communication pipe 28 as indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. Since the internal space of the filter body 6 is divided into two by the central partition portion 19C, the raw water in the lower chamber 1C flows into the lower space of the corresponding filter body 6 through the through holes 5A, 5B, 5C of the substrate 5. . The raw water in the upper chamber 1B flows into the upper space of the corresponding filter body 6 through the through holes 4A, 4B and 4C of the substrate 4. The raw water that has flowed into the upper space and the lower space of the filter body 6 passes through the hole 19A of the support member 19 and the filter medium 21 that form the periphery of the filter body 6, and reaches the main chamber 1A outside the filter body 6. At that time, the raw water is filtered by the filter medium 21 and flows out from the filtered water discharge pipe 13 to the outside of the container 1 as filtered water.

  At the time of filtering the raw water, the drive shaft 15A of the backwash mechanism 9 is rotated by receiving the driving force from the motor 16 with the speed reducer 15, and the backwash pipe 7 in the upper chamber 1B is connected to the connection ports 7A, 7B, 7C is in sliding contact with the upper surface of the upper substrate 4, and the backwash tube 8 in the lower chamber 1C is around the central axis X while the connection ports 8A, 8B, 8C are in sliding contact with the lower surface of the lower substrate 5. It is rotating. Accordingly, the connection ports 7A, 7B, and 7C of the backwash tube 7 are intermittently communicated with the through holes 4A, 4B, and 4C of the upper substrate 4 one after another while rotating and moving. The openings 8A, 8B, and 8C are in intermittent communication with the through holes 5A, 5B, and 5C of the lower substrate 5 one after another. Therefore, the through holes 4A, 4B, 4C of the substrate 4 communicating with the connection ports 7A, 7B, 7C of the backwash tube 7 and the substrates communicating with the connection ports 8A, 8B, 8C of the backwash tube 8 are provided. 5A, 5B, and 5C cannot receive raw water from the upper chamber 1B and the lower chamber 1C, and conversely, a part of the filtered water in the main chamber 1A flows into the backwash pipes 7 and 8 as backwash water. It passes through the filter medium 21 and the hole 19 </ b> A of the support member 19 that are located around the corresponding filter body 6 and flows into the upper space and the lower space of the filter body 6 partitioned by the central partition 19 </ b> C. At that time, the backwash water flowing into the filter body 6 separates the filtration residue adhering to the inner surface of the filter medium 21 during filtration from the peripheral portion, that is, backwashes the backwash pipes 7 and 8 together with the filtration residue. Flow into. The backwash water accompanied by the filtration residue flows in the connecting pipe 14, reaches the backwash water discharge pipe 11 through the receiving portion 14 </ b> A from the lower end opening of the connecting pipe 14, and is discharged out of the container 1 from the backwash water discharge pipe 11. Is done. Thus, in the container 1, the filter body 6 is always backwashed sequentially using a part of the filtered water while the raw water is being filtered.

  In the present embodiment, since the radial gap is formed over the entire circumference in the axial direction between the support material 19 that supports the filter material 21 and the filter material 21, the filter material 21. And the support material 19 are not in close contact with each other in almost the entire area, and therefore, the entire filtration surface formed on the filtration material 21 contributes to filtration during filtration, and effectively functions as a filtration area.

  In addition, in the present embodiment, in the present embodiment, in the vicinity of the intermediate partition portion, the backwashing water flow momentum is small and sufficient backwashing cannot be performed, and the filtration residue remains in the filter medium, resulting in clogging. Since a radial gap is formed between the filter material 21 and the filter material 21, a communication flow between the support material 19 and the filter material 21 is sufficiently formed in the vicinity of the intermediate partition, and the flow of backwash water Thus, a sufficient flow to compensate for the momentum can be generated and efficient backwashing can be performed. In particular, since the communication flow in the vicinity of the intermediate partition portion flows in the immediate vicinity of the inner surface of the filter medium 21 and around the entire inner surface of the filter medium 21, the communication flow generates a flow that compensates for the flow of backwash water, thereby improving the reverse cleaning performance. The supplementary effect is high. Moreover, in this embodiment, the structure of the filter body 6 is simple and can reduce manufacturing cost.

<During maintenance>
During maintenance and inspection of the filtration apparatus, the lid 3 and the upper substrate 4 are removed and the filter body 6 is exposed, and a specific or all of the filter body 6 is removed from the substrate 5 and taken out to the outside. Confirmation or replacement of the filter medium 21 is performed. Further, when it is desired to take out all the filter bodies 6 out of the container at a time, they can be taken out together with the substrate 5 as an assembly.

  The filter medium 21 in the filter body 6 can be easily replaced by removing the clamp band 22 of the filter body 6. The cleaning of the container 1 is performed with the first, second, and fourth on-off valves 10A, 11A, and 13A closed and the third on-off valve 12A open, and the washed liquid is discharged from the drain pipe 12. .

<Seawater treatment apparatus (second embodiment)>
Embodiment of the seawater processing apparatus which processes seawater with the filtration apparatus which concerns on this invention is described. In the present embodiment, the filtration device, which is a seawater treatment device, is used as a biological capture and removal device that captures and removes organisms in seawater taken as ballast water, and bacteria that remain in the filtered water extracted from the filtration device. The ballast water treatment device is configured in combination with a sterilization device for sterilizing the like. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 7 of an accompanying drawing, an example is concretely demonstrated about the ballast water treatment apparatus using the seawater treatment apparatus which concerns on this invention.

  FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a ballast water treatment apparatus. As shown in FIG. 7, the ballast water treatment device includes a seawater intake line 41 for taking seawater into the ship, a coarse filtration device 42 for removing coarse substances in seawater taken by the seawater intake line 41, and taking in seawater. A pump 43 for feeding water to a filtration device 44 to be described later, a filtration device 44 for removing planktons present in seawater from which coarse substances have been removed by the coarse filtration device 42, and remaining in the seawater filtered by the filtration device 44 Sterilizer 45 for killing bacteria and plankton, treated water feed line 46 for feeding treated water discharged from the sterilizer 45 to a ballast tank 47 described later, treated water fed from the treated water feed line 46, or untreated A ballast tank 47 for storing treated seawater, a ballast water drain line 48 for draining treated ballast water in the ballast tank 47 to the sea, It is provided. The sterilizing apparatus may be an apparatus that supplies a sterilizing agent or may be sterilized using ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves, heat, or the like.

  Hereinafter, each device will be described in more detail.

(1) Coarse filtration device The coarse filtration device 42 takes water from a sea chest (seawater inlet) provided on the ship side of the ship, and has a large and small size contained in seawater taken by the pump 43 through the seawater intake line 41. It is for removing coarse substances of about 10 mm or more among foreign substances and aquatic organisms.
As the coarse filtration apparatus, a cylindrical strainer (strainer) having a hole of about 10 mm, a hydrocyclone that separates coarse substances in the water flow by the difference in specific gravity, a device that captures and collects the coarse substances with a rotating screen, and the like are used. be able to.

(2) Filtration device As the filtration device, the filtration device of the first embodiment is used for seawater treatment. The filtration device 44 removes planktons present in the seawater from which coarse substances have been removed by the coarse filtration device 42. The filter medium used for the filtration device 44 is preferably formed of a metal mesh filter composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner layer filter has an opening of 30 to 100 μm.

  The reason why the inner layer filter has an opening of 30 to 100 μm is to reduce the frequency of backwashing while keeping the capture rate of zooplankton and phytoplankton at a certain level and shorten the ballast water treatment time at the port of call. It is. In other words, if the mesh size is larger than 100 μm, the capture rate of zooplankton and phytoplankton is remarkably reduced. If the mesh size is smaller than 30 μm, the frequency of backwashing increases and the ballast water treatment time at the port of call becomes longer. It is not preferable. It is preferable to use a material having an opening of about 30 to 100 μm in this way because the capture rate and backwash frequency can be set optimally.

  A relatively large zooplankton and phytoplankton are trapped and removed by a filtering device having an opening of the inner layer filter of the filtering material of about 30 to 100 μm, so that the target to be killed by the sterilizing device is not captured. And become bacteria. Therefore, when the sterilizer is a device that supplies a sterilizer, the sterilizer is used rather than a method that kills all plankton and bacteria in seawater by simply injecting the sterilizer without using a filtration device. The amount can be greatly reduced. As a result, the disinfectant cost can be reduced and the disinfectant storage tank can be made smaller, so that it can be easily mounted on a ship. In addition, it is possible to reduce the influence of the residual sterilizing agent on the environment and unnecessary or reduce the supply of the decomposing agent supplied to make the sterilizing agent harmless. Further, in the case of a sterilization apparatus that sterilizes using ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves, heat, etc., the load on the sterilization apparatus can be reduced, the apparatus can be downsized, the sterilization process time can be shortened, and the sterilization process cost can be reduced.

(3) Sterilizer The sterilizer 45 is a device that kills bacteria and plankton remaining in the seawater filtered by the filter 44. As a sterilizing device, there is a device that supplies a sterilizing agent. As a sterilizing agent to be supplied, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, peracetic acid, or these two types Although the above mixture can be used, other fungicides can be used. Moreover, as a sterilizer, you may sterilize using an ultraviolet-ray, an ultrasonic wave, a warm heat etc.

  Next, operation | movement of the ballast water treatment apparatus of a present Example comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. By operating the pump 43, seawater is taken into the ship from the seawater intake line 41. At that time, the coarse filtration device 42 first removes large and small contaminants and aquatic organisms of about 10 mm or more from seawater. Seawater from which coarse substances have been removed is supplied to the filtration device 44, and zooplankton, phytoplankton, and the like having a size corresponding to the opening of the filter material of the filtration device 44 are removed.

  Plankton and the like captured by the coarse filtration device 42 and the filtration device 44 are washed away by backwashing the filter medium of the coarse filtration device 42 and the filtration device 44 and returned to the sea. Even if it is returned to the sea, it is the same sea area, so there is no adverse effect on the ecosystem. That is, in this example, since the processing is performed when the ballast water is loaded, the backwash water of the coarse filtration device 42 and the filtration device 44 can be discharged as it is. The seawater filtered by the filtration device 44 is subjected to a sterilization treatment such as a sterilizer supplied from the sterilizer 45. The seawater after the killing process is stored as ballast water in the ballast tank 47 through the treated water supply line 46. When discharging the ballast water, the ballast water is discharged from the ballast tank 47 into the sea through the ballast water drain line 48.

  The above example is a case where the processing is performed when seawater is loaded into the ballast tank 47. However, when seawater is loaded into the ballast tank 47, the processing is not performed, but the seawater is killed when discharged from the ballast tank 47. Sometimes it is processed. In this case, untreated seawater is stored in the ballast tank 47 through an untreated seawater water supply line (not shown), and the untreated ballast water in the ballast tank 47 is untreated when discharged from the ballast tank 47. After supplying to the filtration device 44 side through a supply line (not shown), the same sterilization treatment as described above is performed thereafter, and the treated ballast water is drained into the sea through the treated water drain line (not shown). To do.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the zooplankton and phytoplankton of 30 to 100 μm or more are removed by the filtration device 44, and the bacteria and plankton are killed by the sterilization device. Even so, it is possible to reliably and inexpensively treat ballast water that meets the ballast water standards set by IMO. Moreover, since the structure of an apparatus is simple, application to the existing ship is easy.

1 container 1A main room 1B first room (upper room)
1C Second room (lower room)
4 Substrate 4A, 4B, 4C Through-hole 4D Central through-hole 5 Substrate 5A, 5B, 5C Through-hole 5D Central through-hole 6 Filter body 7 Backwash pipe 8 Backwash pipe 9 Backwash mechanism 10 Raw water introduction pipe (seawater introduction pipe)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Backwash water discharge pipe 13 Filtrated water discharge pipe 17 End part support cylinder 17C Opening part 18 End part support cylinder 18C Opening part 19 Support material 20 Support body 21 Filter material 21A Outer layer filter 21B Inner layer filter 28 Communication pipe 41 Seawater treatment line 44 Filtration device 46 Treated water supply line 47 Ballast tank

Claims (5)

A cylindrical filter medium is supported by a support and has openings at both ends in the central axis direction. During filtration, raw water flows from the openings and permeates the filter medium from the inner surface to the outer surface to pass the filtered water. as is drained from the peripheral surface of the filter element outwardly, during further backwash effluent from the release to the opening deposits on the inner surface of the filtration from the filtration extracorporeal backwash water flows into the inner surface from the outer surface of the filtering material member In the filter body to be formed, the support body is connected to the end support cylinder in which openings are formed at both ends in the central axial direction and the outer peripheral portions of the both end support cylinders, and a plurality of holes are formed. A cylindrical support material provided, and the support body supports the filtering material via cushioning material on the outer surfaces of both ends of the support material connected to the support cylinders at both ends , and both ends of the support material in the peripheral surface of the support material other than, 0.1 to 2.0 mm between the support member outer surface and the filter material inner surface The support outer surface so as to support the filtering material to provide a gap is set size of the filtering material inner surface, the support has a intermediate partition portion on the central axis line direction intermediate position, the intermediate partition part, the filter body A filter body characterized in that an internal space is divided into two spaces on one end side and the other end side in the central axis direction . The filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium is formed of a metal mesh filter including an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner filter has an opening of 30 to 100 µm , and the outer filter has an opening of 300 to 3000 µm. . The filter body according to claim 2 , wherein the inner layer and the outer layer of the metal mesh filter are integrated by sintering. The filter body according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , and a plate shape, and the filter body is held at a plurality of positions in a circumferential direction around a central axis perpendicular to the plate surface on one plate surface. In addition, a through-hole penetrating in the plate thickness direction is formed at a position communicating with the inside of the filter body through the opening of the filter body, and one plate facing each of the openings at both ends of the filter body Two substrates held between the surfaces, a container for storing an assembly formed by holding the plurality of filter bodies by the two substrates, and the other plate surface side of the substrate provided in the container. A backwashing mechanism with a backwashing tube, and a first chamber in which the space in the container is located between one plate surface of the two substrates, and the other plate surface side of each of the two substrates The second container is divided into two second chambers, and a communication pipe is provided for communicating the two second chambers. A raw water introduction pipe communicating with the second chamber and a filtered water discharge pipe port communicating with the first chamber are provided, and a backwash water discharge pipe communicating with the backwash pipe extends outside the container. A filtering device characterized by comprising: The filtration device according to claim 4 , a seawater intake line, and a treated water supply line, wherein the seawater taken in the seawater intake line is filtered by the filtration device, and the filtered water after filtration is treated as treated water. A seawater treatment apparatus characterized in that water is supplied to a ballast tank via a water supply line.

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