JP5836593B2 - 感熱性ポリマーの加熱による局所塞栓 - Google Patents
感熱性ポリマーの加熱による局所塞栓 Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)前記組織の脈管構造中に、血液循環を通って前記部位へつながる位置で、可逆感熱性ポリマーを含む一時的塞栓溶液を導入する工程であって、前記塞栓溶液が、前記部位で血流を有効に止めるようにゲル温度Tgで十分にゲル化させる組成および濃度を有し、前記温度Tgは治療される組織の局所組織温度よりも高い工程;b)前記可逆感熱性ポリマー組成物で前記部位を潅流する工程;およびc)前記潅流の前または間に、前記部位を少なくともTgの温度に加熱し、それにより前記哺乳類の前記部位において一時的な止血を生じる工程。
ある濃度範囲において、ポリマー濃度が変わると可逆ゲル化ポリマーのゲル化温度が変化することが知られている。(通常、ゲル化温度は、ポリマーがゲル化しなくなるまで、濃度が減少すると増加する。)したがって、ポロキサマーまたは他のRGP組成物の選択により、および必要であればその濃度の調整により、RGP溶液のゲル化温度を選択することが可能である。
本発明の方法は、一時的だが完全に可逆性止血が所望である体内の任意の器官または場所において使用できる。可逆ゲル化ポリマーによる一時的な止血を含む他の発明に対する本発明の特徴は、本発明におけるポリマーは、局所組織温度よりいくらか高い温度でゲル化するよう選択されることである。したがって、加熱の追加の供給源が提供されなければゲル化は生じない。そのような加熱は、任意の供給源により提供されてもよく、加熱は治療効果を有する必要はない。しかしながら、本発明の方法は、局所加熱の治療効果と共に使用される場合に特に有用である。可逆ゲル化ポリマーが提供される治療は、癌、良性腫瘍または増殖、あるいは出血の除去または治療のための処置を含むがこれに限定されない任意の目的のためでもよい。肝臓、子宮、前立腺、脳、脾臓、膵臓、胆嚢、肺、胸、および腎臓を含むがこれに限定されない任意の組織が関係してもよい。
加熱の任意の方法を使用してもよい。器官の加熱は、電磁放射、音響エネルギー、加熱した液体、加熱パッド、加熱要素、および手術道具または器具により生じる熱の1つ以上により提供されてもよい。適切な方法は、マイクロ波、高周波、赤外または可視光、および他の非電離電磁放射を含むがこれに限定されない。電磁放射は、体または器官の外側に、あるいはカテーテル、局所ジェネレータ等を介して内側の部位に供給できる。体または組織の外側に加熱ユニットを接触させることにより、あるいはカテーテルまたは他の内部プローブを介して、直接の加熱を使用できる。ある抵抗の電気加熱により、または組織部位と接触する装置内における加熱した液体の循環によって、標的部位の加熱をしてもよい。加熱は、対象の部位に循環する、自然の液体、特に血液または血液循環の中に配置される血液の一時的代用物を加熱することにより達成してもよい。加熱は、水、食塩水等のような加熱した液体中に器官、または体の部位を浮かせることにより達成してもよい。加熱は、超音波または他の振動機構により達成してもよい。
部位における温度の上昇は、当該部位において選択されたゲル化溶液をゲル化させるのに十分でなければならない。例えば、ポロキサマー溶液が39℃を超えて粘度が急速に上昇し、42℃で固いゲルを形成する場合、当該部位における標的温度は少なくとも42℃である。ポロキサマー溶液が35℃を超えて粘度が急速に上昇し、38℃で固くゲルを形成する場合、少なくとも38℃の温度が十分であろう。粘度が急速に上昇するがゲル化しない場合、生理的温度範囲において、ポリマー溶液を注入するために比較的大口径の装置を使用する、または投与前に体温より低くポリマー溶液を冷却する必要があるかもしれない。
図1は、治療部位を通過する血液循環中のポリマーの局所ゲル化の利点を示す。治療区域10は、図面の平面の下、おそらく別の動脈または静脈中に位置するプローブでもよい熱(warmth)の供給源15により与えられる。治療区域10の理論上の外側の限界は、この例では、基本的に環状の境界18であり、ここで加熱の程度が治療上のレベルより低くに低下する。
温熱療法に加えて、本発明の可逆性局所塞栓技術は、組織を除去する、特に血管新生化または分画化器官の一部の除去、例えば肝臓または腎臓の部分的な除去のための手術処置に適用できる。そのような非常に代謝的に活性の器官は、空間的におよび所要時間の点で、塞栓により生じる酸素欠乏症の最小化を必要とする。そのような組織において、組織の一部は局所加温により塞栓されてもよく、これは、加温溶液による正常方向およびその逆の局所潅流、並びに他の手段による局所加熱を含んでもよい。次に、切除される領域に近い領域が十分に温められると、可逆ゲル化ポリマーを含有する塞栓溶液で潅流される。加温により、局所塞栓が生じる。除去されるべき組織が素早く切除され、封鎖剤バリヤ層が、例えば局所焼灼、組織接着剤およびバリヤ物質の提供、および縫合の1つ以上であるがこれに限定されない従来の手段により形成される。適切なタイミングで、加えられた加温がなくなるにつれて数分以内に器官の残りが脱塞栓される。切開され封鎖された器官はまた、再潅流を促進するように急速に冷却されてもよい。
可逆ゲル化ポリマー溶液は、さらに他の医療物質を含んでもよい。これは、特に、放射線不透過剤、常磁性体、重原子、遷移金属、ランタニド、アクチニド、色素、および放射性核種含有物質からなる群より選択されるコントラスト促進剤を含んでもよい。溶液はまた、抗炎症剤、抗生物質、抗菌剤、鎮痛剤、抗増殖性物質、および化学療法剤の1つ以上を含んでもよい生物活性剤、または他の生物活性剤をさらに含んでもよい。
ここに引用される全ての特許および刊行物は、同じことを許容する管轄において特定によりここに引用される。当業者は、ここに記載される本発明の特定の実施の形態に対する多くの均等物を認識する、または通常の実験のみを使用して確かめることができるであろう。そのような均等物は、以下の特許請求の範囲に含まれるものと意図される。
Claims (14)
- 器官の熱治療のためのシステムであって、該システムは:
38℃から42℃の間の温度に達するように、器官の局所領域に熱を加える手段;
可逆ゲル化ポリマーを含む塞栓溶液により器官の前記局所領域を局所的に潅流する手段であって、前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーについてのゲル化温度が37℃より高く前記最大温度より少なくとも1℃低い手段、
を含み、
それによって、前記局所領域に熱を与える間に熱処理の部位において可逆性局所止血が得られ、前記熱処理の適用の終了後に前記止血が自然に終了し、
前記塞栓溶液のゲル温度Tgが38℃から42℃の間であり、
前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーが分画されたポリオキシアルキレンブロックコポリマーである、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記領域または部位が内部に位置する組織の大領域を前記塞栓溶液または組成物で潅流することにより前記領域または部位が一時的に塞栓されるが、加熱は前記領域または部位の近くのみであり、それにより前記領域または部位の近くでのみゲルを形成することを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記局所組織温度が37℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーがポリオキシアルキレンブロックコポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーが、ポロキサマーまたはポロキサミンであり、ポロキサマー237、238および288の1つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーが、分画ポロキサマーまたはポロキサミンであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記潅流または注入が、前記加熱の開始後に始まることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記器官の加熱が、電磁放射、音響エネルギー、加熱した液体、加熱パッド、加熱要素、および手術道具または器具により生じる熱の1つ以上により提供されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記塞栓溶液または組成物が、さらにコントラスト促進剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記コントラスト促進剤が、放射線不透過剤、常磁性体、重原子、遷移金属、ランタニド、アクチニド、色素、および放射性核種含有物質からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項9記載のシステム。
- 前記溶液または組成物が、さらに生物活性剤を含み、該活性剤が、抗炎症剤、抗生物質、抗菌剤、鎮痛剤、抗増殖性物質、および化学療法剤からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記治療または手術が終わった後、前記器官を通過する経路および前記器官の外側に沿って通る経路から選択される1つ以上の経路により、37℃未満の温度において等張液の循環により前記器官の再潅流が促進されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記再潅流液の温度が30℃未満であることを特徴とする請求項12記載のシステム。
- 前記可逆ゲル化ポリマーが、前記部位で体温より高い温度でゲル化し、該ゲル化は前記ポリマー溶液のゲル化温度よりも高い温度で前記部位を局所的に加熱することにより起こることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
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