JP5735749B2 - Plant growing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation machine used for cultivating a plant by carrying out a cultivation method such as hydroponics in a cultivation room of a plant factory, for example.

  Conventionally, plant cultivation machines used in plant factories are provided with multi-stage cultivation tanks in which plants such as vegetables are planted, and irradiate light toward the plants above the cultivation tanks of each stage Is installed. In each stage of the lighting device, the height from the cultivation tank is set to a sufficiently large value in anticipation of plant growth.

  The light energy (light quantity) that the plant acquires from the lighting device becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the square of the distance to the lighting device. Therefore, if the installation height of the lighting device is increased, the amount of light is wasted and the plant acquires it. Light energy (light quantity) is also reduced, leading to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis, and the plant cultivation efficiency is reduced.

  If the installation height of the lighting device is made as low as possible, the amount of waste of light is reduced and the light energy (light amount) acquired by the plant increases. There is a problem of making it.

  The above-mentioned problems can be solved by changing the installation height of the lighting device as the plant grows, and a plant cultivation device that can raise and lower the lighting device with respect to the plant has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-248083

  For the growth of green plants such as vegetables, it is necessary to promote photosynthesis. However, in the above plant cultivation apparatus, for example, supply of carbon dioxide essential for promoting photosynthesis is not considered. Therefore, it is conceivable to introduce carbon dioxide into the indoor space where the plant cultivation device is installed. However, what is important for plant growth is to prepare the environment of the surrounding area that can be used by the plant. Even if carbon dioxide is introduced into the plant, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the surrounding area of the plant cannot be sufficiently increased, and the plant cannot effectively use carbon dioxide in the indoor space. Similarly, it is desirable that the temperature, humidity, and the like are not the entire indoor space, but the peripheral region of the plant is controlled to an optimum state. Therefore, even if the lighting device is kept close to the plant and the intensity of light is kept high, the speed of photosynthesis cannot be increased, and a considerable amount of light is wasted. The rate of photosynthesis is strongly influenced by external factors such as light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature. Among these factors, the rate of photosynthesis is determined by the most insufficient external factors. Because.

  The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems. The lighting device is always kept close to the plant to maintain high light intensity, and photosynthesis such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the peripheral region of the plant is achieved. By constructing the system so that other external factors that influence the speed can be controlled to an optimum state, it is possible to increase the speed of photosynthesis by synergism and to provide a plant cultivation machine that can greatly improve the cultivation efficiency of plants. Objective.

The plant cultivation machine according to the present invention includes a first support base that horizontally supports a cultivation tank in which a plant to be cultivated is planted, and a second support that is provided above the cultivation tank in parallel with the first support base. And a lifting mechanism that lifts and lowers the second support base in a horizontal state, and the second support base is capable of adjusting the vertical position of each of the positioning plates vertically provided at a plurality of locations. Positioning is maintained in a horizontal state by a stopper arranged as possible. The second support base is provided with an illumination device capable of irradiating light toward the plant planted in the cultivation tank, and at least one of an air supply mechanism and a spray mechanism is provided. ing. The air supply mechanism has at least one air supply pipe installed in at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the second support base, and is provided at a plurality of locations on the surface of the air supply pipe facing the cultivation tank. The air supply port is formed so that air can be supplied toward the plant planted in the cultivation tank throughout the cultivation tank, and the spray mechanism is the length of the second support base. It has at least one liquid supply pipe installed in at least one of the vertical direction and the width direction, and is planted in the cultivation tank over the entire cultivation tank at multiple locations on the surface of the liquid supply pipe facing the cultivation tank. The spray port is formed so that the liquid can be sprayed toward the plant.

In the plant cultivation machine having the above-described configuration, the second support is moved up and down in accordance with the growth of the plant, and positioned so that the height of the lighting device with respect to the plant is optimal, and at least one of the air supply mechanism and the spray mechanism Are positioned so that their heights are also optimized. This keeps the light intensity on the plant high and allows other external factors that control the rate of photosynthesis, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the surrounding area of the plant, to be controlled optimally. The plant cultivation efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the 2nd support stand is set to the state kept horizontal with the stopper, and becomes parallel with respect to the 1st support stand, the illuminating device with respect to a plant over the whole cultivation tank, an air supply mechanism, and a spray mechanism Is positioned at the optimum position.
Further, in the above-described configuration, by connecting the air supply mechanism to a supply source for supplying a gas containing at least one of components useful for plant growth or a gas in which at least one of temperature and humidity is adjusted, Since the gas containing the components useful for plant growth and the gas whose temperature and humidity are adjusted are sent from the air inlet to the whole cultivation tank, the concentration of the components in the peripheral area of the plant planted in the cultivation tank Etc. are controlled to the optimum state.
Here, “a component useful for plant growth” means, for example, carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, oxygen for respiration, nitrogen as a fertilizer component, chlorine for removing factors that inhibit plant growth, etc. It contains a sterilizing component, an aroma component, and the like.
Further, in the above-described structure, the spray mechanism is connected to a supply source that supplies a liquid containing at least one component useful for plant growth, so that the growth of the plant is directed from the spray port toward the entire cultivation tank. Since the liquid containing a useful component is sprayed, the various components of the liquid directly act on the plant planted in the cultivation tank.
Here, “a component useful for plant growth” includes, for example, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium as fertilizer components, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. as useful trace elements, as well as amino acids that help plant growth. Is included.

  Although the thing of various aspects can be considered as said illuminating device, one of the preferable aspects is comprised by installing several light sources in the 2nd support stand which can be moved up and down toward the cultivation tank. ing. In this case, a fluorescent lamp can be used as the light source, and a metal halide lamp close to natural light, a high-intensity light emitting diode, or the like can also be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elevating mechanism includes a nut member provided at a centroid position of the second support base or a symmetrical position sandwiching the centroid position, and an upper end portion supported rotatably at a position above the nut member. The second support base is supported by the feed screw rod screwed into the nut member so as to be movable up and down.
According to this embodiment, when the operation handle is manually operated and the feed screw rod is turned, the nut member is screw-fed and the second support is moved up and down, and the lighting device, the air supply mechanism, and the spray mechanism are optimized. Can be positioned at any height.

  In addition, when raising and lowering the 1st support stand side with respect to a 2nd support stand, a nut member is provided in the symmetrical position which pinches | interposes the gravity center position of a 1st support stand, or a gravity center position, and is located in the upper position of a nut member. The elevating mechanism is configured to support the upper end of the feed screw rod with the operation handle so as to freely rotate, and to support the first support base by the feed screw rod screwed into the nut member.

  In a preferred embodiment, the first support base is provided in a plurality of stages at a predetermined interval, and the second support base is individually provided above each first support base in parallel with the first support base. Although it is provided so that it can be moved up and down, the number of installation stages of the first support base is not necessarily a plurality of stages, and may be one stage.

  In hydroponics, a plurality of synthetic resin cultivation panels are placed on the nutrient solution filled in the cultivation tank, but the first support base is set against the second support base above it. If it is configured to project to at least one side, the cultivation panel can be easily taken in and out from the projecting portion of the cultivation tank.

  According to this invention, the lighting device is always kept close to the plant to maintain high light intensity, and other external factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the surrounding area of the plant, Since it can always be controlled to the optimum state, the synergistic action increases the speed of photosynthesis, and the cultivation efficiency of plants can be greatly improved.

It is a front view which shows the whole structure of the plant cultivation machine which is one Example of this invention. It is a front view which expands and shows the center part of the length direction of a plant cultivation machine. It is a front view which expands and shows the one side edge part of a plant cultivation machine. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of a cultivation tank. It is a side view which expands and shows the height center part of a plant cultivation machine. It is the top view which looked at the lifting platform from upper direction. It is a front view which shows the structure of a raising / lowering mechanism. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of a stopper.

FIG. 1 shows the overall appearance and configuration of a plant cultivating machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 shows a central portion in the length direction of this plant cultivating machine, and FIG. One end of the plant cultivator is shown in an enlarged manner.
The plant cultivating machine in the illustrated example is provided with a fixed base 1 as a first support base that horizontally supports a cultivation tank 2 in which a plant to be cultivated is planted at a plurality of stages at predetermined intervals. A plurality of elevators 3 (three in the illustrated example) are arranged side by side in parallel with the fixed table 1 above the cultivation tank 2 of each stage. In addition, this plant cultivation machine is installed in the cultivation room where the temperature and humidity of the whole room are managed by the air conditioning equipment.

  The fixed base 1 of each stage is supported by a front and rear end surfaces that are integrally fixed to, for example, a pipe-like column 10 that is vertically provided on each of the front side and the rear side. The outer peripheral frame 11 having a rectangular planar shape surrounded by the frame material, and a plurality of intermediate frames 12 (see FIG. 4) installed at regular intervals between the frame materials before and after the outer frame 11. ing.

  A cultivation tank 2 is horizontally supported on the fixed base 1 of each stage. As shown in FIG. 4, each cultivation tank 2 includes a dish-like container body 21 supported between the front and rear frame members 20 and 20. The upper surface of the cultivation tank 2 is covered with the synthetic resin sheet 9 in accordance with the inner surface form, and the concave solution 90 of the synthetic resin sheet 9 attached to the concave portion 22 of the container body 21 is filled with the nutrient solution. This nutrient solution contains nutrients essential for plant growth and is supplied from a nutrient solution supply unit (not shown). Note that the synthetic resin sheet 9 is not necessarily used depending on the material of the cultivation tank 2.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the nutrient solution overflowing from the cultivation tank 2 gets over the overflow wall 23 formed at one end of the cultivation tank 2 and is discharged to the drainage tank 4. The drainage tank 4 is detachably attached to the cultivation tank 2 by a mounting bracket 41, and a nutrient solution discharge port 83 is formed at one end of the bottom surface. The nutrient solution in the drainage tank 4 is led out from the discharge port 83 through the drainage pipe 82 and collected in a nutrient solution tank (not shown). After the nutrients are replenished, the nutrient solution is sent to the nutrient solution supply unit. Circulate.

Inside the cultivation tank 2, a plurality of synthetic resin cultivation panels 25 are arranged vertically and horizontally in a state of floating on the nutrient solution. Each cultivation panel 25 has a planar shape, and a plurality of planting portions 26 are provided on the upper surface in a state of being vertically and horizontally aligned. The plant f is planted in each planting part 26 in a state where it is supported by a support 27 such as urethane, and grows in a state where the root part is immersed in the nutrient solution.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, at least one end portion of the fixed base 1 protrudes to at least one side with respect to the upper lift base 3, and the lift base 3 approaches the cultivation tank 2. Even so, the cultivation panel 25 can be easily put in and out from the overhanging portion 15.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the lifting platform 3 includes a front and rear frame members 31, 32 and left and right frame members 33, 34 that form an outer peripheral frame 30 having a rectangular planar shape, and the left and right frame members 33. , 34 are provided with two intermediate frames 35, 36. The frame members 31 to 34 and the intermediate frames 35 and 36 constituting the outer peripheral frame 30 are L-shaped angle members in which a large number of long holes 37 are installed.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, three elevators 3 are arranged side by side for each stage, and each elevator 3 at each stage is located above the fixed table 1 and parallel to the fixed table 1. It is supported by an individual lifting mechanism 5 so as to be lifted and lowered. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, each elevating mechanism 5 has a symmetrical position sandwiching the position of the center of gravity of the elevating table 3 (the position where the center line in the length direction intersects the center line in the width direction). A nut member 51 provided at the center of the length of each of the front and rear frame members 31 and 32 and an outer surface of the outer peripheral frame 11 of the fixing base 1 (an outer surface of each front and rear frame member) at a position above the nut member 51 A feed screw rod 53 whose upper end is rotatably supported by an attached bearing fitting 52 is constituted. The lifting platform 3 is supported by the feed screw rod 53 by screwing the feed screw rod 53 into the nut member 51. When the feed screw rod 53 is rotated in either the forward or reverse direction, the nut member 51 is screw-fed and the lifting platform 3 moves up and down.

At the upper end portion of the feed screw rod 53 protruding upward from the bearing fitting 52, an angular shaft-like handle mounting portion 54 to which an operation handle 55 can be attached is formed. During normal times, the operation handle 55 is removed from the handle mounting portion 54, and the operation handle 55 is mounted on the handle mounting portion 54 of the feed screw rod 53 when the lifting platform 3 is moved up and down.
In this embodiment, a total of two lifting mechanisms 5 are provided at each of the front and rear positions of one lifting platform 3, but if the lifting platform 3 is small and light, one lifting mechanism is provided at the center of gravity of the lifting platform 3. A mechanism 5 may be provided.
Further, in this embodiment, in order to simplify the configuration, each operation handle 55 is manually operated with respect to the two lifting mechanisms 5 so that the feed screw rods 53 are individually rotated to move the lifting platform 3 up and down. However, if the lifting platform 3 is large and heavy, each feed screw rod 53 can be configured to rotate in conjunction with a motor.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a positioning plate 6 made of an L-shaped angle member in which a number of long holes 62 are arranged is vertically provided at each vertical position of the column 10. As shown in FIG. 8, each positioning plate 6 has a vertical scale 61 and is fixed to the side surface of the support column 10. A stopper 60 can be attached and fixed to each positioning plate 6 at the same height position according to the scale 61. The stopper 60 of this embodiment includes a bolt 63 and a short cylindrical nut 64 that is screwed into the shaft portion of the bolt 63. When the shaft portion of the bolt 63 is inserted into one of the long holes 62 and the nut 64 is screwed and tightened with the positioning plate 6 interposed therebetween, the nut 64 is fixed in a state of protruding on the lifting path of the lifting platform 3. . After the stoppers 60 are positioned and fixed to the front and rear, left and right positioning plates 6, the lifting platform 3 is raised or lowered. When the upper or lower surface of the lifting / lowering platform 3 hits all the stoppers 60 and stops rising or lowering, the lifting / lowering platform 3 is positioned in a horizontal state.

  As shown in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the lighting device 7 for irradiating light toward the plant f planted in each cultivation panel 25 in the cultivation tank 2 and each cultivation An air supply mechanism 8 for sending carbon dioxide toward the plant f planted on the panel 25 is disposed. The illuminating device 7 of this embodiment has a plurality of fluorescent lamps 70 at equal intervals over the entire length on the same plane of the lower surface of each lifting platform 3 so that all the cultivation panels 25 in the cultivation tank 2 are irradiated with light. Installed and configured.

  The air supply mechanism 8 of this embodiment is configured by installing one air supply pipe 80 extending in the length direction at the center of the width of the upper surface of each lifting platform 3. A large number of air feeds (not shown) are provided so that carbon dioxide is delivered toward all the cultivation panels 25 in the cultivation tank 2 on the surface of the air feeding pipe 80 facing the cultivation tank 2, that is, in a range extending from the lower surface to both side surfaces. The mouth is formed over the entire length. A flexible hose 81 communicating with a carbon dioxide supply source (not shown) is connected to the air supply pipe 80 of each elevator 3.

In addition, although the air supply mechanism 8 of this Example is a thing of the structure which provided the one air supply pipe | tube 80 in the length direction of each raising / lowering stand 3, the number of the air supply pipe | tubes 80 is increased with two and three. Alternatively, a plurality of air supply pipes may be provided in the width direction to configure a lattice shape.
Although not shown, a sensor for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide is installed at an appropriate place of the plant cultivation machine, for example, at an appropriate position of the support column 10, while an electromagnetic valve is provided in the middle of the carbon dioxide supply path. The operation of the solenoid valve is controlled based on the detection value of the sensor, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the peripheral region of the plant f is maintained at a constant value.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the air supply pipe 80 is connected to a carbon dioxide supply source, but instead of this, various other gas supply sources such as oxygen and various gases with adjusted temperature and humidity are used. It may be connected to a supply source, or may be connected to at least two of a supply source of carbon dioxide, a supply source of various other gases such as oxygen, and a supply source of various gases adjusted in temperature and humidity.

  Further, in this embodiment, the temperature and humidity are managed in the entire cultivation room by the air conditioning equipment, but an air supply pipe different from the above air supply pipe 80 is provided on each lifting platform 3, and the air supply equipment is provided to the air supply pipe. A gas whose temperature and humidity are adjusted may be sent, and a gas whose temperature and humidity are adjusted may be sent toward a plant from a plurality of air supply ports provided in the air supply pipe.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, an air supply mechanism 8 for sending gas to the lifting platform 3 is provided. However, instead of the air supply mechanism 8 or in addition to the air supply mechanism 8, various components of the liquid fertilizer A spraying mechanism (not shown) connected to a supply source for supplying a solution containing can also be provided. A spraying mechanism having the same configuration as that of the air supply mechanism 8 can be adopted, and at least one liquid supply pipe is installed in at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the lifting platform 3. Spray ports are formed at a plurality of locations on the surface of the liquid feeding pipe facing the cultivation tank 2 so that the liquid can be sprayed on the entire cultivation tank 2.

  In addition to the lighting device 7, the air supply mechanism 8, and the spray mechanism, an image pickup device may be installed on the lifting platform 3 to manage the growth state of the plant. You may provide the apparatus which is effective in the growth of a plant like a generator.

  In the plant cultivating machine having the above-described configuration, each lifting platform 3 is moved up and down by each lifting mechanism 5 according to the growth of the plant, and the height of the lighting device 7 and the air feeding mechanism 8 with respect to the plant is optimized. Position so that. In the lifting mechanism 5 of this embodiment, when the operation handle 55 is manually operated and the feed screw rod 53 is rotated, the nut member 51 is screwed and the lifting platform 3 moves up and down. By stopping the lifting operation at the position where it hits the stopper 60, the lighting device 7 and the air supply mechanism 8 are positioned at an optimum height while the lifting / lowering table 3 is kept horizontal. By setting the lighting device 7 and the air supply mechanism 8 as close as possible to the plant f, the intensity of light with respect to the plant f is maintained high, and in addition, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the peripheral region of the plant f, that is, External factors other than the light intensity that affect the rate of photosynthesis are always controlled to the optimum state, and the synergistic action increases the rate of photosynthesis and greatly improves plant cultivation efficiency.

1 fixed base (first support base)
2 Cultivation tank 3 Lifting platform (second support platform)
5 Elevating mechanism 6 Positioning plate 7 Illuminating device 8 Air supply mechanism 15 Overhanging portion 60 Stopper

Claims (7)

The 1st support stand which supports horizontally the cultivation tank in which the plant of cultivation object is planted, the 2nd support stand provided in parallel with the 1st support stand above the cultivation tank, and the 2nd support stand And a lifting mechanism that moves up and down while maintaining the horizontal position, and the second support base is a stopper that is arranged so that vertical position adjustment is possible on each of the positioning plates that are vertically provided at a plurality of locations. by being positioned in a state of keeping the horizontal, the second support bars, together with the possible lighting device is irradiated with light is disposed toward the implanted onto culture tank plants, and air mechanism At least one of the spray mechanism is disposed, the air supply mechanism has at least one air supply pipe installed in at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the second support base, Cultivation tank over the entire cultivation tank at multiple locations on the surface facing the cultivation tank of the air pipe An air supply port is formed so that air can be supplied toward the planted plant, and the spray mechanism is installed in at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the second support base. Having at least one liquid feeding pipe to be sprayed on a plurality of locations on the surface of the liquid feeding pipe facing the cultivation tank toward the plant planted in the cultivation tank throughout the cultivation tank A plant cultivator with spray holes formed as possible.   The plant cultivator according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device is configured by installing a plurality of light sources on the entire surface of the second support base that can be moved up and down with the light irradiation direction directed toward the cultivation tank.   2. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the air supply mechanism is connected to a supply source that supplies a gas containing at least one component useful for plant growth or a gas in which at least one of temperature and humidity is adjusted. Growing machine.   The plant cultivation machine according to claim 1, wherein the spray mechanism is connected to a supply source that supplies a liquid containing at least one component useful for plant growth.   The elevating mechanism includes a nut member provided at the center of gravity of the second support base or a symmetrical position across the center of gravity, and a feed screw rod with an operation handle whose upper end is rotatably supported above the nut member The plant cultivation machine according to claim 1, wherein the second support base is supported so as to be movable up and down by the feed screw rod screwed into the nut member. The first support base is provided in a plurality of stages at a predetermined interval, and a second support base is provided above each first support base in parallel with the first support base so as to be individually movable up and down. The plant cultivator according to claim 1 . The plant cultivation machine according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the first support stand projects to at least one side with respect to the second support stand above the first support stand.

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