JP5701238B2 - Communication apparatus and communication method - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a communication apparatus and a communication method.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an IP (Internet Protocol) network, the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used for IP packet arrival confirmation and error notification in datagram processing. As tools (software) using ICMP, ping, traceroute, and the like are known.

  As a technique using such ICMP, for example, there is a technique in which a round trip time from when an echo request packet is transmitted to when an echo response packet is received is measured, and bandwidth control is performed using a delay time as a measurement result. Proposed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-247067

M. Rose et al, "Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP / IP-based internets: MIB-II", Network Working Group, RFC1158, May 1990, [online], [searched February 14, 2012], Internet <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1158>

  However, in the prior art using the above-described echo request packet, only the delay time is measured, and it is possible to acquire detailed information such as the actual free bandwidth in the flow path through which the IP packet flows. Have difficulty.

  In this regard, it is considered that traffic information in a communication device such as a router can be acquired by using MIB (Management Information Base) information. However, since the MIB information is information prepared for each interface in the relay device, in order to grasp the traffic information on the distribution route using the MIB information, information on the connection relation of the interface between the communication devices is separately collected. It is necessary to do. Furthermore, in order to acquire MIB, the authentication called a community is required using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). For this reason, the method using MIB information takes time to collect information.

  The technology disclosed in the present application has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication device and a communication method that can easily collect traffic information on a distribution route of IP packets.

  The communication device according to the embodiment includes an interface unit connected to another communication device, a collection unit that collects traffic information between the interface unit and the other communication device, and a request for requesting acquisition of traffic information. A transmission unit configured to transmit traffic information corresponding to the interface unit collected by the collection unit to a transmission source of the request packet when the packet is received by the interface unit;

  The communication device and the communication method according to the embodiment have an effect of making it possible to easily collect traffic information on a distribution route of IP packets.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a network system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a format example of an ICMP packet according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the router according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an ICMP packet transmission / reception processing procedure performed by the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a computer that executes a transmission control program.

  Embodiments of a communication device and a communication method according to the present application will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the communication apparatus and the communication method according to the present application are not limited by this embodiment.

(First embodiment)
[Configuration of Network System According to First Embodiment]
First, the network system according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a network system 1 according to the first embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the network system 1 according to the first embodiment includes a user terminal 2, a Web server 3, and routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ .

1 shows an example in which the network system 1 includes one user terminal 2, one Web server 3, and four routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ , but the network system 1 includes The number of devices included is not limited to the example shown in FIG. For example, the network system 1 may include a plurality of user terminals, a plurality of Web servers, or three or less routers, or five or more routers. Routers may be included.

The user terminal 2 is a communication device that communicates with the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ and the Web server 3, and is, for example, a PC (Personal Computer) or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). In the example shown in FIG. 1, the user terminal 2 it is communicatively connected to the router 100 _2. Incidentally, a router that is connected to the user terminal 2 is not limited to the router 100 _2. For example, the user terminal 2 may be connected to a router 100 ₁ , a router 100 ₃ , a router 100 _4, or the like other than the router 100 ₂ . The user terminal 2 includes a transmission unit 2a and a reception unit 2b. The transmitter 2a and receiver 2b will be described later.

The web server 3 is a communication device that provides various web services. For example, when the Web server 3 receives an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request from the user terminal 2 via any of the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ , the Web server 3 transmits an HTML (HyperText Markup Language) file or the like to the user terminal 2. Reply to In the example shown in FIG. 1, Web server 3 is communicably connected to the router 100 _3. Incidentally, a router that is connected to the Web server 3 is not limited to the router 100 _3. For example, the Web server 3 may be connected to a router 100 ₁ , a router 100 ₂ , a router 100 _4, or the like other than the router 100 ₃ .

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the network system 1 includes the Web server 3. However, the network system 1 may include a server device that provides a service other than the Web service. For example, the network system 1 may include a mail server that relays email transmission / reception processing, a file server that manages files, and other application servers.

The routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ are communication devices that relay IP packets (that is, packet transfer devices that transfer IP packets). In the example shown in FIG. 1, router 100 ₁ has an IF (in interface) unit 11 and 12 for transmitting and receiving IP packets to and from another communication device (router 100 ₂ or 100 _3, etc.). The router 100 ₂ includes an IF section 21-23, the router 100 ₃ has an IF section 31-33, the router 100 ₄ has an IF section 41 and 42. Note that the number of IF units included in the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. For example, the router 100 ₁ may have three or more IF unit, the router 100 ₂ may have two IF section or more than three IF portions.

Each IF unit is connected as shown in FIG. By way of example, the IF unit 11 and the router 100 _second IF section 21 of the router 100 ₁ is connected, the IF section 31 of IF unit 12 and the router 100 ₃ of the router 100 ₁ is connected. Further, the IF unit 23 of the router 100 ₂ and the user terminal 2 is connected, the IF unit 33 and the Web server 3 of the router 100 ₃ are connected.

  Here, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the illustrated IP address is assigned to each IF unit. For example, the IF unit 11 is assigned an IP address “10.1.1.1”, and the IF unit 12 is assigned an IP address “10.2.1.2”. Further, in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the IP address of the user terminal 2 is “10.0.0.1”, and the IP address of the Web server 3 is “10.2.3.1”. .

Under such a configuration, in the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, ICMP packets that are IP packets compliant with ICMP circulate. Specifically, in the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, an ICMP packet (Bandwidth Request packet described later) corresponding to a request packet for requesting acquisition of traffic information or an ICMP corresponding to a response packet to the request packet. Packets (Bandwidth Reply packets or Time Exceeded packets described later) are distributed. As will be described in detail later, such a Bandwidth Request packet is transmitted from the transmission unit 2 a of the user terminal 2 to the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ and the Web server 3. Further, the Bandwidth Reply packet and the Time Exceeded packet are transmitted from the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ and the Web server 3 and received by the receiving unit 2b of the user terminal 2. Thereby, the user terminal 2 can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of the IP packet.

  Here, FIG. 2 shows a format example of the ICMP packet in the first embodiment. In the ICMP packet according to the first embodiment, the first one octet (8 bits) corresponds to the “Type” field, the second one octet corresponds to the “Code” field, and the third and fourth two octets are included. Corresponds to the “Checksum” field, the 5th and 6th 2 octets correspond to the “ID” field, the 7th and 8th 2 octets correspond to the “Sequence Number” field, and the 9th and subsequent variable lengths The number of octets corresponds to the “data” field.

  In “Type”, the type of the ICMP packet is set. Specifically, in the first embodiment, a value indicating “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type” of an ICMP packet corresponding to a Bandwidth Request packet (request packet) for requesting acquisition of traffic information. Is done. In addition, a value indicating “Bandwidth Reply” is set in “Type” of the ICMP packet corresponding to the Bandwidth Reply packet. In addition, a value indicating “Time Exceeded” is set in “Type” of the ICMP packet corresponding to the Time Exceeded packet. Note that examples of values indicating “Bandwidth Request”, “Bandwidth Reply”, and “Time Exceeded” include values other than a numerical value that can be set to “Type” in an existing ICMP packet.

  In “Code”, for example, “0” or the like is set as an unused field in the ICMP packet in the first embodiment. In “Checksum”, a checksum from “Type” to “Data” is set. Arbitrary values are set in “ID” and “sequence number” depending on the source of the ICMP packet.

  In the “data”, predetermined information corresponding to the type of the ICMP packet is set. Specifically, in the first embodiment, traffic information described in detail later is set in the “data” of the Bandwidth Reply packet or the Time Exceeded packet.

Here, a distribution example of the ICMP packet in the first embodiment will be briefly described with reference to FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the user terminal 2, the destination IP address is assumed that sent the Bandwidth Request packet is router 100 _1. When the router 100 ₁ receives a Bandwidth Request packet addressed to itself (router 100 ₁ ), the router 100 ₁ acquires the traffic information of the IF unit 23 that has received the Bandwidth Request packet. Then, the router 100 ₁ sets a value indicating "Bandwidth Reply" to "Type" shown in FIG. 2, generates a Bandwidth Reply packet set traffic information IF section 23 to the "data" The generated Bandwidth Reply packet is returned to the user terminal 2.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the user terminal 2 has a Bandwidth Request packet in which “1” is set in TTL (Time To Live) indicating the number of times that the IP packet is allowed to pass through the communication device. the it is assumed that was sent to the router 100 _1. Router 100 _1, when receiving such a Bandwidth Request packet, and updates the TTL of such Bandwidth Request packet from "1" to "0". In this case, the router 100 ₁ acquires the traffic information IF section 23 which receives the Bandwidth Request packet. Then, the router 100 ₁ sets a value indicating "Time Exceeded" to "Type" shown in FIG. 2, to generate a Time Exceeded packet set traffic information IF section 23 to the "data" The generated Time Exceeded packet is returned to the user terminal 2.

  As described above, in the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, the user terminal 2 can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of the IP packet only by transmitting the ICMP packet. In the above, the distribution example of the ICMP packet has been briefly described, but the distribution mode of the ICMP packet will be described in detail later.

[Configuration of Router According to First Embodiment]
Next, the configuration of the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ according to the _first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Since the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ have the same configuration, the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ may be collectively referred to as “router 100” when it is not necessary to distinguish the routers 100 _{1 to} 100 ₄ . The router 100 described below also transmits and receives IP packets other than ICMP packets. Here, processing when the router 100 mainly receives ICMP packets will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the router 100 according to the first embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the router 100 according to the first embodiment includes IF units 10 a and 10 b, a routing processing unit 110, a transfer processing unit 120, and an upper layer processing unit 130.

The IF units 10a and 10b transmit and receive IP packets to and from other communication devices (other routers, user terminals 2, Web server 3, etc.). For example, when the router 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a router 100 ₁ shown in FIG. 1, IF unit 10a and 10b corresponds to the IF section 11 or 12. Although FIG. 3 shows an example in which the router 100 has two IF units, the router 100 may have three or more IF units.

  The routing processing unit 110 generates a forwarding table (FIB: Forwarding Information Base) that collects routing information used when the forwarding processing unit 120 selects the route of the IP packet in accordance with a routing table (not shown). Set in the transfer processing unit 120.

  When the IP packet received by the IF unit 10a or 10b is input, the transfer processing unit 120 subtracts 1 from the TTL of the IP packet, and then sends the IP packet to the IF unit 10a or 10b or the upper layer processing unit 130. Output. The transfer processing unit 120 includes a determination unit 121 and a transmission unit 122 as illustrated in FIG.

  The determination unit 121 determines whether or not the destination of the IP packet input from the IF unit 10a or 10b is the own device (router 100). For example, the determination unit 121 determines whether or not the IP address of the IF unit 10a or 10b is set in the destination IP address of the IP packet header. If the IP packet is destined for the own device, the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the upper layer processing unit 130.

  On the other hand, the determination unit 121 determines whether or not the TTL after subtraction is “0” when the IP packet is not addressed to the own apparatus. That is, the determination unit 121 determines whether or not the IP packet input from the IF unit 10a or 10b may be transferred to another communication device (another router, Web server 3 or the like). Then, when the TTL is “0”, the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the upper layer processing unit 130. Further, the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the transmission unit 122 when the destination of the IP packet is not its own device and the TTL is not “0”.

  The transmission unit 122 outputs an IP packet input from the determination unit 121 or an upper layer processing unit 130 described later to the IF unit 10a or 10b in accordance with the forwarding table set by the routing processing unit 110. That is, the transmission unit 122 performs processing for transferring the IP packet to another communication device via the IF unit 10a or 10b.

  The upper layer processing unit 130 performs various processes such as error processing in accordance with the IP packet input from the transfer processing unit 120. Specifically, when the IP packet input from transfer processing unit 120 is an ICMP packet, upper layer processing unit 130 performs response packet generation processing and the like. The upper layer processing unit 130 includes a collection unit 131 and a generation unit 132 as illustrated in FIG. Hereinafter, processing when the upper layer processing unit 130 receives an ICMP packet from the transfer processing unit 120 will be described.

  The collection unit 131 collects traffic information of the IF unit for each IF unit. Specifically, the collection unit 131 includes, as traffic information, interface bandwidth information regarding the bandwidth between the IF unit (IF unit 10a or 10b) and another communication device, and the number of IP packets received by the IF unit. The number of received packets, the received packet bandwidth indicating the traffic volume of the IP packet received by the IF unit, the number of transmitted packets indicating the number of IP packets transmitted by the IF unit, and the number of IP packets transmitted by the IF unit The transmission packet bandwidth indicating the traffic amount, the number of discarded packets indicating the number of discarded IP packets among the IP packets transmitted and received by the IF unit, and the like are collected.

  When a value indicating “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type” of the ICMP packet output from the transfer processing unit 120, the generation unit 132 sets a response packet (Bandwidth Reply packet or Time Exceeded packet). ) Is generated. Specifically, when the ICMP packet output from the transfer processing unit 120 is a Bandwidth Request packet and the destination of the Bandwidth Request packet is the own device (router 100), the generation unit 132 sets the Bandwidth Reply. Generate a packet. The generation unit 132 generates a Time Exceeded packet when the ICMP packet output from the transfer processing unit 120 is a Bandwidth Request packet and the TTL of the Bandwidth Request packet is “0”.

  At this time, the generation unit 132 acquires the traffic information of the IF unit that has received the Bandwidth Request packet from the collection unit 131. Then, the generation unit 132 sets a value indicating “Bandwidth Reply” or “Time Exceeded” to “Type”, sets the traffic information acquired from the collection unit 131 to “data”, and sets the Bandwidth Request packet. A response packet (Bandwidth Reply packet or Time Exceeded packet) having the source IP address as the destination IP address is generated.

  The generation unit 132 includes at least one of the interface bandwidth information collected by the collection unit 131, the number of received packets, the number of received packet bands, the number of transmitted packets, the number of transmitted packet bands, and the number of discarded packets in the “data” of the response packet. Set the above. For example, the generation unit 132 may set all the traffic information collected by the collection unit 131, or may set only one traffic information among the traffic information collected by the collection unit 131.

  Further, the generation unit 132 can identify the IF unit that has received the Bandwidth Request packet by checking the transmission source IP address of the Bandwidth Request packet against the transfer table set in the transfer processing unit 120. This matching process may be executed by the transfer processing unit 120. In addition, the transfer processing unit 120 may notify the generation unit 132 of the IF unit that has received the Bandwidth Request packet without performing such collation processing.

  The generation unit 132 outputs the response packet (Bandwidth Reply packet or Time Exceeded packet) generated in this way to the transmission unit 122. As described above, the transmission unit 122 outputs the response packet to the IF unit 10a or 10b according to the transfer table. Thereby, when the router 100 receives the Bandwidth Request packet, the router 100 can return a response packet in which the traffic information is set to the transmission source of the Bandwidth Request packet.

  In the above example, when the router 100 receives a Bandwidth Request packet, an example in which a Bandwidth Reply packet or a Time Exceeded packet is returned to the transmission source of the Bandwidth Request packet is shown. However, a communication device other than the router 100 such as the Web server 3 illustrated in FIG. 1 may include a processing unit similar to the transfer processing unit 120 and the upper layer processing unit 130 illustrated in FIG. For example, although the Web server 3 does not have a forwarding table, the Web server 3 has processing units similar to the determination unit 121, the transmission unit 122, the collection unit 131, and the generation unit 132, and traffic is received when a Bandwidth Request packet is received. A function of returning a Bandwidth Reply packet or a Time Exceeded packet in which information is stored may be provided.

[Packet distribution example in the network system according to the first embodiment]
Next, an example of a distribution mode of ICMP packets in the first embodiment will be described using the example shown in FIG. Here, problems such as packet arrival delay or loss occur in communication performed between the user terminal 2 and the Web server 3, and the user of the user terminal 2 determines the occurrence location and cause of the problem. Shall be identified. Here, it is assumed that the Web server 3 has a function of returning a Bandwidth Reply packet or a Time Exceeded packet.

In such a situation, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 uses, as traceroute, a Bandwidth whose destination IP address is the IP address “10.2.3.3.1” of the Web server 3 and whose TTL is “1”. Send a Request packet. Router 100 _2, the IF unit 23 IP address "10.1.2.1" is assigned, to receive the Bandwidth Request packet sent from the user terminal 2. In such a case, the router 100 _2, since TTL of the received Bandwidth Request packet is "0", the traffic information (interface bandwidth information IF unit 23, the number of received packets, the received packet band, the number of transmission packets, transmission packet band , At least one information on the number of discarded packets) is generated, and the generated Time Exceeded packet is transmitted to the user terminal 2. The receiving unit 2b of the user terminal 2 receives the Time Exceeded packet and accumulates traffic information stored in the received Time Exceeded packet.

Subsequently, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 transmits a Bandwidth Request packet with the destination IP address being the IP address “10.2.3.3.1” of the Web server 3 and the TTL being “2” as a traceroute. Send. Router 100 _2, according to the transfer table, and transfers the Bandwidth Request packet received from the user terminal 2 to the router 100 ₁ or 100 _4. Here, the router 100 ₂ shall forward the Bandwidth Request packet to the router 100 _1. Router 100 _1, the IF unit 11 IP address "10.1.1.1" is assigned, to receive the Bandwidth Request packet transferred by the router 100 _2. In such a case, the router 100 _1, since TTL of the received Bandwidth Request packet is "0", to generate a Time Exceeded packet storing the traffic information of the IF section 11. Then, the router 100 _1, Bandwidth Request packet source IP address "10.0.0.1" (i.e., the user terminal 2) with respect to, and transmits the generated Time Exceeded packets. The receiving unit 2b of the user terminal 2 receives the Time Exceeded packet and accumulates traffic information stored in the received Time Exceeded packet.

Subsequently, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 transmits a Bandwidth Request packet with the destination IP address being the IP address “10.2.3.3.1” of the Web server 3 and the TTL being “3” as a traceroute. Send. Here, such a Bandwidth Request packet via the router 100 ₂ and the router 100 _1, shall be forwarded to the router 100 _3. Router 100 _3, the IF unit 31 IP address "10.2.1.1" is assigned, to receive the Bandwidth Request packet transferred by the router 100 _1. In such a case, the router 100 _3, since TTL of the received Bandwidth Request packet is "0", transmits a Time Exceeded packet storing the traffic information of the IF unit 31 to the user terminal 2. The receiving unit 2b of the user terminal 2 receives the Time Exceeded packet and accumulates traffic information stored in the received Time Exceeded packet.

  Subsequently, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 transmits a Bandwidth Request packet with the destination IP address being the IP address “10.2.3.3.1” of the Web server 3 and the TTL being “4” as a traceroute. Send. Here, since the TTL is “4”, the Bandwidth Request packet reaches the Web server 3. In such a case, the Web server 3 collects the traffic information of the IF unit to which the IP address “10.3.2.3.1” is assigned, and transmits the Bandwidth Reply packet storing the collected traffic information to the user terminal 2. To do. The receiving unit 2b of the user terminal 2 receives the Bandwidth Reply packet and accumulates traffic information stored in the received Bandwidth Reply packet.

  As described above, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 transmits the Bandwidth Request packet in which the TTL value is incremented by “1” to the Web server 3 to thereby obtain traffic information (interface bandwidth) in the distribution route to the Web server 3. Information, at least one information of received packet count, received packet bandwidth, transmitted packet count, transmitted packet bandwidth, discarded packet count). Thereby, the user of the user terminal 2 grasps the bandwidth usage rate and the number of discarded packets in the distribution path between the end ends (between the user terminal 2 and the Web server 3) based on the collected traffic information. Therefore, it is possible to specify the location and cause of occurrence of packet delay or loss occurring during communication with the Web server 3. That is, in the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, the user of the user terminal 2 can specify the location and cause of the problem on the network.

  In the above example, the example in which the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 transmits a Bandwidth Request packet as a traceroute is shown. However, the transmission unit 2a of the user terminal 2 may transmit a Bandwidth Request packet as ping after setting the router 100 or the Web server 3 as a destination. In such a case, the user terminal 2 can collect traffic information from the router 100 or the web server 3 set as the destination.

[Processing Procedure by Communication Device According to First Embodiment]
Next, the procedure of ICMP packet transmission / reception processing by the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an ICMP packet transmission / reception processing procedure performed by the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment. In the following, a case where the processing procedure illustrated in FIG. 4 is executed by the router 100 will be described as an example. However, such a processing procedure may be executed by a communication device (such as the Web server 3) other than the router 100. Good.

  As illustrated in FIG. 4, when the determination unit 121 of the router 100 receives an IP packet (Yes in step S101), the determination unit 121 determines whether the destination of the IP packet is the own device (router 100) (step S101). S102). If the determination unit 121 is an IP packet addressed to its own device (Yes in step S102), the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the upper layer processing unit 130.

  Subsequently, when the IP packet output from the transfer processing unit 120 is an ICMP packet, the generation unit 132 of the upper layer processing unit 130 indicates a value indicating “Bandwidth Request” in “Type” of the ICMP packet. Is determined (step S103).

  When “Bandwidth Request” is not set in “Type” (No at Step S103), the router 100 performs normal processing (transfer processing, error processing, etc.) (Step S104). Here, description of such normal processing is omitted.

  On the other hand, when it is a Bandwidth Request packet in which “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type” (Yes at Step S103), the generation unit 132 receives traffic information of the IF unit that has received the Bandwidth Request packet from the collection unit 131. Obtain (step S105). Subsequently, the generation unit 132 sets a value indicating “Bandwidth Reply” to “Type”, sets the traffic information acquired from the collection unit 131 to “data”, and the source IP address of the Bandwidth Request packet Is generated as a destination IP address (step S106).

  Then, the transmission unit 122 transmits the Bandwidth Reply packet generated by the generation unit 132 to the transmission source of the Bandwidth Request packet via the IF unit 10a or 10b (Step S107).

  In step S103, when the collection unit 131 determines whether “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type”, and determines that it is a Bandwidth Request packet, the IF that has received the Bandwidth Request packet. Traffic information may be collected.

  If the IP packet is not addressed to the own device (No at Step S102), the determination unit 121 determines whether the TTL of the IP packet is “0” (Step S108). When the TTL is not “0” (No at Step S108), the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the upper layer processing unit 130 to perform normal processing such as error processing (Step S104). If the TTL is “0” (Yes at step S108), the determination unit 121 outputs the IP packet to the upper layer processing unit 130 to perform the following processing.

  Subsequently, when the IP packet output from the transfer processing unit 120 is an ICMP packet, the generation unit 132 of the upper layer processing unit 130 indicates a value indicating “Bandwidth Request” in “Type” of the ICMP packet. Is determined (step S109).

  If “Bandwidth Request” is not set in “Type” (No at Step S109), the router 100 performs normal processing (transfer processing, error processing, etc.) (Step S104).

  On the other hand, in the case of a Bandwidth Request packet in which “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type” (Yes in Step S109), the generation unit 132 receives traffic information of the IF unit that has received the Bandwidth Request packet from the collection unit 131. Obtain (step S110). Subsequently, the generation unit 132 sets the value indicating “Time Exceeded” to “Type”, sets the traffic information acquired from the collection unit 131 to “data”, and the transmission source IP address of the Bandwidth Request packet A Time Exceeded packet with the destination IP address as the destination IP address is generated (step S111).

  Then, the transmission unit 122 transmits the Time Exceeded packet generated by the generation unit 132 to the transmission source of the Bandwidth Request packet via the IF unit 10a or 10b (Step S112).

  In step S109, when the collection unit 131 determines whether “Bandwidth Request” is set in “Type” and determines that it is a Bandwidth Request packet, the IF that has received the Bandwidth Request packet Traffic information may be collected.

[Effect of the first embodiment]
As described above, the communication device such as the router 100 and the Web server 3 according to the first embodiment includes the IF unit connected to another communication device, and traffic information between the IF unit and the other communication device. When a request packet requesting acquisition of traffic information is received by the IF unit, the traffic information corresponding to the IF unit collected by the collection unit 131 is transmitted to the transmission source of the request packet. And a transmission unit 122.

  As a result, the communication device according to the first embodiment can easily collect traffic information in the distribution route of the IP packet. For example, the user terminal 2 can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of the IP packet only by transmitting a request packet to the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment. As a result, in the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, the user of the user terminal 2 can grasp the traffic information in the distribution path between the end ends (such as between the user terminal 2 and the Web server 3). In addition, it is possible to specify the occurrence location and cause of packet delay or loss occurring during communication with the Web server 3.

  In the communication device according to the first embodiment, when the determination unit 121 receives a request packet, the determination unit 121 determines whether the destination of the request packet is the own device (the communication device according to the first embodiment). Determine. Further, when the determination unit 121 determines that the destination of the request packet is the own device, the transmission unit 122 transmits the traffic information of the IF unit that has received the request packet to the transmission source of the request packet.

  Thereby, when the communication device according to the first embodiment receives a request packet addressed to itself, the communication device transmits the traffic information of the IF unit that has received the request packet. Makes it easy to collect. For example, the user terminal 2 can easily collect traffic information of such a communication device only by transmitting a request packet addressed to the communication device according to the first embodiment.

  In the communication device according to the first embodiment, the determination unit 121 determines that the request packet is set in the request packet when the destination of the request packet is not the own device (the communication device according to the first embodiment). Based on the TTL, it is determined whether or not the request packet is permitted to be transferred to another communication apparatus. If the determination unit 121 determines that the request packet is not permitted to be transferred to another communication device, the transmission unit 122 transmits the traffic information of the IF unit that has received the request packet to the transmission of the request packet. Send to the original.

  As a result, when the communication device according to the first embodiment receives a request packet with a TTL “0” even if it is not addressed to itself, it transmits the traffic information of the IF unit that has received the request packet. Therefore, it is possible to easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of IP packets. For example, the user terminal 2 simply transmits a request packet in which a predetermined TTL is set to the network system 1 according to the first embodiment, and traffic information in a communication device in which the TTL of the request packet is “0”. Can be collected. That is, the user terminal 2 can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of IP packets by setting a predetermined value in the TTL without setting the destination of the communication device included in the network system 1.

  In the communication device according to the first embodiment, the collection unit 131 receives the interface bandwidth information related to the bandwidth between the IF unit and another communication device as the traffic information of the IF unit. Number of received packets indicating the number of packets, received packet bandwidth indicating the traffic volume of packets received by the IF unit, number of transmitted packets indicating the number of packets transmitted by the IF unit, packets transmitted by the IF unit At least one of the transmission packet bandwidth indicating the amount of traffic and the number of discarded packets indicating the number of discarded packets among the packets transmitted and received by the IF unit. The transmission unit 122 transmits at least one or more of the interface bandwidth information collected by the determination unit 121, the number of received packets, the number of received packet bands, the number of transmitted packets, the number of transmitted packet bands, and the number of discarded packets to the source of the request packet. To do.

  As a result, the user of the user terminal 2 can grasp the bandwidth usage rate and the number of discarded packets in the distribution path between the end-ends based on the collected traffic information. It is possible to identify the location and cause of occurrence of packet delay or loss.

  In the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment, the generation unit 132 includes information (information indicating that it is a Bandwidth Request) indicating that traffic type acquisition is requested in the type field of an ICMP packet that conforms to ICMP. When the set request packet is received by the IF unit, information indicating that it is a response to the request packet (information indicating that it is Bandwidth Reply or Time Exceeded) is set in the type field of the ICMP packet, A response packet in which the traffic information of the IF section is set in the data field is generated. In addition, the transmission unit 122 transmits the response packet generated by the generation unit 132 to the transmission source of the request packet.

  As a result, the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of the IP packet based on the information set in the type field of the ICMP packet. For example, the communication device can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route by transmitting and receiving ICMP packets in which traceroute and ping are extended.

  In addition, the communication device such as the user terminal 2 according to the first embodiment has information (information indicating that it is a Bandwidth Request) indicating that the type information of the ICMP packet conforming to the ICMP requests acquisition of traffic information. The set request packet is transmitted to the network system 1. Also, the communication device such as the user terminal 2 receives information (Bandwidth Reply) from the communication device (router 100 or the like) in the network system 1 that has received the request packet, in a type field of the ICMP packet that is a response to the request packet. Or a response packet in which traffic information of the IF unit of the communication apparatus that has received the request packet is set in the data field.

  As a result, the communication device such as the user terminal 2 according to the first embodiment can easily collect traffic information on the distribution route of the IP packet only by transmitting an ICMP packet in which traceroute or ping is extended. .

(Second Embodiment)
The communication device such as the router 100 described above may be implemented in various different forms other than the above embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment, another embodiment of the communication device will be described.

[Restriction processing]
In the first embodiment, the transfer processing unit 120 and the upper layer processing unit 130 determine whether or not the IP packet input from the IF unit 10a or 10b is a Bandwidth Request packet (request packet), and the predetermined time. In the case where the number of received Bandwidth Request packets at the time is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, a discard unit that discards Bandwidth Request packets received later within the predetermined time may be included. For example, when the discard unit is set to receive one Bandwidth Request packet per second, the second discard unit receives the second Bandwidth Request packet per second. Discard the Bandwidth Request packet. As a result, the communication device such as the router 100 or the Web server 3 according to the first embodiment can prevent an increase in processing load on the Bandwidth Request packet. In addition, the discard unit can be set to discard all Bandwidth Request packets. When set in this way, the communication device such as the router 100 or the Web server 3 according to the first embodiment can prevent the Bandwidth Request packet from being used for a DoS attack on the communication device, and can perform communication. Traffic information provided by the device can be limited.

[Communication device]
In the first embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the router has been described as an example of the communication device. However, the communication device is not limited to a router. For example, each router in the first embodiment may be a communication device such as a switch.

[System configuration]
In addition, among the processes described in the above embodiment, all or part of the processes described as being automatically performed can be performed manually, or the processes described as being performed manually can be performed. All or a part can be automatically performed by a known method. In addition, the processing procedures, specific names, and information including various data and parameters shown in the document and drawings can be arbitrarily changed unless otherwise specified. For example, the IP address shown in FIG. 1 is an example and can be arbitrarily changed.

  Further, each component of each illustrated apparatus is functionally conceptual, and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated. In other words, the specific form of distribution / integration of each device is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part thereof may be functionally or physically distributed or arbitrarily distributed in arbitrary units according to various loads or usage conditions. Can be integrated and configured. For example, in the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the upper layer processing unit 130 may include the determination unit 121. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the collection unit 131 and the generation unit 132 may be integrated.

[program]
It is also possible to create a program in which the processing executed by the communication device such as the router 100 described in the above embodiment is described in a language that can be executed by a computer. For example, a transmission control program in which processing executed by the router 100 is described in a language that can be executed by a computer can be created. In this case, when the computer executes the transmission control program, the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained. Further, the same processing as in the above embodiment may be realized by recording the transmission control program on a computer-readable recording medium, and reading and executing the transmission control program recorded on the recording medium. Good. Hereinafter, an example of a computer that executes a transmission control program that implements the same function as the router 100 illustrated in FIG. 3 will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a computer 1000 that executes a transmission control program. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the computer 1000 includes, for example, a memory 1010, a CPU 1020, a hard disk drive interface 1030, a disk drive interface 1040, a serial port interface 1050, a video adapter 1060, and a network interface 1070. These units are connected by a bus 1080.

  The memory 1010 includes a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1011 and a RAM 1012 as illustrated in FIG. The ROM 1011 stores a boot program such as BIOS (Basic Input Output System). The hard disk drive interface 1030 is connected to the hard disk drive 1031 as illustrated in FIG. The disk drive interface 1040 is connected to the disk drive 1041 as illustrated in FIG. For example, a removable storage medium such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk is inserted into the disk drive. The serial port interface 1050 is connected to, for example, a mouse 1051 and a keyboard 1052 as illustrated in FIG. The video adapter 1060 is connected to a display 1061, for example, as illustrated in FIG.

  Here, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the hard disk drive 1031 stores, for example, an OS 1091, an application program 1092, a program module 1093, and program data 1094. That is, the above transmission control program is stored in, for example, the hard disk drive 1031 as a program module in which a command executed by the computer 1000 is described. For example, the routing processing procedure for executing the same information processing as the routing processing unit 110 illustrated in FIG. 3, the transfer processing procedure for executing the same information processing as the transfer processing unit 120, and the same information as the upper layer processing unit 130 A program module 1093 describing an upper layer processing procedure for executing processing is stored in the hard disk drive 1031.

  Various data held in the routing table and transfer table described in the first embodiment are stored as program data in, for example, the memory 1010. Then, the CPU 1020 reads the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 stored in the memory 1010 and the hard disk drive 1031 to the RAM 1012 as necessary, and executes a routing process procedure, a transfer process procedure, and an upper layer process procedure.

  Note that the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 related to the transmission control program are not limited to being stored in the hard disk drive 1031, but are stored in, for example, a removable storage medium and read out by the CPU 1020 via the disk drive or the like. Also good. Alternatively, the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 related to the transmission control program are stored in another computer connected via a network (LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), etc.), and the network interface 1070 is stored. Via the CPU 1020.

1 Network system 2 User terminal (communication device)
2a transmitter 2b receiver 3 Web server (communication device)
10a IF unit 10b IF unit 100 Router (communication device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Routing processing part 120 Transfer processing part 121 Judgment part 122 Transmission part 130 Upper layer process part 131 Collection part 132 Generation part

Claims (4)

A communication device,
An interface unit connected to another communication device;
A collection unit that collects traffic information between the interface unit and the other communication device;
Whether or not the received packet is a request packet in which information indicating that a request to acquire traffic information is requested in the type field of the packet conforming to the Internet control message protocol when the interface unit receives the packet When it is determined that the packet is a request packet, information indicating that the response is to the request packet is set in the type field of the packet conforming to the Internet control message protocol, and the predetermined data field is set. A generation unit that generates a response packet in which traffic information of the interface unit is set;
In the request packet, the number of times the communication device can pass through corresponding to the collection section in the distribution route of the request packet is set,
When the request packet is received, the passable count is decremented by 1, and it is determined whether the destination of the request packet is the communication device. If the request packet is not the communication device, the request packet A determination unit that determines whether or not the request packet is permitted to be transferred to another communication device based on the possible number of times set in the packet;
Generated by the generation unit when the determination unit determines that the destination of the request packet is the communication device and when it is determined that the request packet is not permitted to be transferred to another communication device And a transmitter that transmits the response packet sent to the transmission source of the request packet. The collector is
As the traffic information, interface bandwidth information relating to the bandwidth between the interface unit and the other communication device, the number of received packets indicating the number of packets received by the interface unit, and the traffic of packets received by the interface unit A reception packet bandwidth indicating the amount of packets, a transmission packet number indicating the number of packets transmitted by the interface unit, a transmission packet bandwidth indicating a traffic amount of packets transmitted by the interface unit, and a packet transmitted and received by the interface unit Collect at least one of the number of discarded packets indicating the number of discarded packets,
The transmitter is
Transmitting at least one or more of interface bandwidth information, received packet number, received packet bandwidth, transmitted packet number, transmitted packet bandwidth, and discarded packet number collected by the collecting unit to the transmission source of the request packet. The communication apparatus according to claim 1 . A discard unit for discarding a request packet received later within the predetermined time when the number of received request packets received at the interface unit per predetermined time exceeds a predetermined threshold value; The communication device according to claim 1 or 2 . A communication method executed by a communication device,
A collection step for collecting traffic information between an interface unit connected to another communication device and the other communication device;
Whether or not the received packet is a request packet in which information indicating that a request to acquire traffic information is requested in the type field of the packet conforming to the Internet control message protocol when the interface unit receives the packet When it is determined that the packet is a request packet, information indicating that the response is to the request packet is set in the type field of the packet conforming to the Internet control message protocol, and the predetermined data field is set. A generation step of generating a response packet in which the traffic information of the interface unit is set;
In the request packet, the number of times the communication device can pass through corresponding to the collection section in the distribution route of the request packet is set,
When the request packet is received, the passable count is decremented by 1, and it is determined whether the destination of the request packet is the communication device. If the request packet is not the communication device, the request packet A determination step of determining whether or not the request packet is permitted to be transferred to another communication device based on the possible number of times set in the packet;
Generated by the generation step when the determination step determines that the destination of the request packet is the communication device and when it is determined that the request packet is not permitted to be transferred to another communication device And a transmission step of transmitting the response packet sent to the transmission source of the request packet.

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