JP5624064B2 - 誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器 - Google Patents
誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5624064B2 JP5624064B2 JP2011553239A JP2011553239A JP5624064B2 JP 5624064 B2 JP5624064 B2 JP 5624064B2 JP 2011553239 A JP2011553239 A JP 2011553239A JP 2011553239 A JP2011553239 A JP 2011553239A JP 5624064 B2 JP5624064 B2 JP 5624064B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- luminescence
- optical waveguide
- luminescent
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 title claims description 91
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 61
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009103 reabsorption Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100483033 Mus musculus Tpbpa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ga].[As].[In] Chemical compound [Ga].[As].[In] KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPRDEIDCAUHOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 Chemical class [Pt].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 NPRDEIDCAUHOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000990 laser dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0003—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being doped with fluorescent agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
- G02B6/0078—Side-by-side arrangements, e.g. for large area displays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/168—Solid materials using an organic dye dispersed in a solid matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/17—Solid materials amorphous, e.g. glass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/163—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix
- H01S3/1631—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix aluminate
- H01S3/1636—Al2O3 (Sapphire)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2358—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media comprising dyes as the active medium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Description
次に、本発明の諸実施形態について、単に例示的に、添付の図を参照して説明する。
Pstim=Rstim/(Rstim+Rsp)
ここで、Pstimは誘導放出の確率、Rstimは誘導放出の速度、Rspは自然放出の速度である。誘導放出の速度は次式で与えられる。
Rstim=σeI/hν
ここで、σeはポンプ波長における誘導放出断面積、Iは入射光の強度、hはプランク定数、νは光の周波数である。自然放出の速度Rspは、蛍光状態寿命τspの逆数によって次式の通り与えられる。
Rsp=1/τsp
Pstim=QY×Rstim/(Rstim+Rsp)
第2の場合には、誘導放出の確率は次式に代えられる。
Pstim=Rstim/(Rstim+Rsp+Rnr)
Pn=Pn-1+Psolar,nPstim−Pabs,n
Pn − リングn内のパワー
Psolar,n − リングn内の吸収太陽光パワー
Pstim − 誘導放出の確率
Pabs,n − リングn内の再吸収で失われたパワー
Claims (16)
- 複数のルミネッセンス粒子と、焦点を有する第1の光導波路と、を含むルミネッセンスシートであって、前記複数のルミネッセンス粒子の少なくとも幾つかは、吸収周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトルの太陽光を吸収することによって励起状態になることができ、励起状態になると、放出周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトルの光を誘導放出することができる、ルミネッセンスシートと、
少なくとも1つの光源であって、一部が前記放出周波数の第1スペクトル内のスペクトルであるポンプ光を発生し、第1の進行方向に進行している前記ポンプ光が、前記吸収周波数の第1スペクトルの太陽光を吸収した励起状態の前記ルミネッセンス粒子の少なくとも1つを刺激したときに、前記励起状態のルミネッセンス粒子が、前記放出周波数の第1スペクトル内のスペクトルを有する放出光を前記ポンプ光の前記第1の進行方向に放出する、光源と、を具備し、
前記第1の光導波路は、前記放出光と前記ポンプ光とを、内部全反射させることにより、前記焦点またはその近傍にある光収集領域に集光させることをアシストする、誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。 - 前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、1つの前記焦点を有する概して円形ディスクの形状である場合、前記光源および前記光収集領域がいずれも前記焦点の近傍にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、2つの前記焦点を有する概して楕円形ディスクの形状である場合、前記光源が前記焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記焦点のもう一方にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、概して、楕円形ディスクの一部分からなる形状であり、前記楕円形ディスクの前記一部分が、その縁部に2つの前記焦点を有する場合、前記光源が前記焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記焦点のもう一方にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、概して、多くの反射小面からなる反射縁部を形成する楕円形ディスクの複数の部分からなる形状であり、前記楕円形ディスクの複数の部分のそれぞれが、前記複数の部分の他の部分と共通する2つの共通の前記焦点を有する場合、前記光源が前記共通の焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記共通の焦点のもう一方にある、請求項1に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。 - 前記光収集領域および前記少なくとも1つの光源の少なくとも1つに隣接する少なくとも1つの二次光学部品をさらに備える、請求項1または2に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。
- 前記少なくとも1つの二次光学部品が、隣接する材料と異なる材料で作られている、請求項3に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。
- 更に、前記ルミネッセンスシートの端部に位置する第一の反射器を具備し、前記第一の反射器は、前記光収集領域に光を反射する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。
- 更に、前記ルミネッセンスシートに光学的に結合された第2の光導波路を具備し、前記第2の光導波路が、少なくとも前記ルミネッセンスシートから受けた光を前記光収集領域に導き、
前記ルミネッセンスシートと前記第2の光導波路とが交互に積み重ねられ、前記ルミネッセンスシートおよび前記第2の光導波路の双方よりも屈折率が低い第1の材料によって互いに分離されており、
前記ルミネッセンスシート内の光の巨視的進行方向と、前記第2の光導波路内の光の巨視的進行方向とが概して互いに反対である、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。 - 前記ルミネッセンスシートが、透明基板から構成され、前記ルミネッセンス粒子が、前記基板中に含浸されたルミネッセンス色素である、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。
- 前記ルミネッセンス粒子が、前記第一の光導波路に隣接するとともに前記第一の光導波路と光学的に結合されたルミネッセンス層内にある、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器と、前記集光器の前記光収集領域に配置された少なくとも1つの光起電力セルとを備える、太陽エネルギーコレクタ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの光源と、前記少なくとも1つの光起電力セルが、単一の回路基板上に配置されている、請求項9に記載の太陽エネルギーコレクタ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの光源が、前記少なくとも1つの光起電力セルからのエネルギーによって電力を供給される、請求項9または10に記載の太陽エネルギーコレクタ。
- 互いに隣接するとともに光学的に結合された、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の少なくとも2つの誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器と、
前記少なくとも2つの集光器の前記光収集領域のそれぞれに配された少なくとも1つの光起電力セルと、を具備し、
前記少なくとも2つの集光器のそれぞれの前記ルミネッセンス粒子が、他方の集光器と少なくとも部分的に異なる、吸収周波数のスペクトル内の太陽光を吸収することによって励起状態になることができ、励起状態になると、他方の集光器と少なくとも部分的に異なる、放出周波数のスペクトルの光を誘導放出することができる、太陽エネルギーコレクタ。 - 前記誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器の前記ルミネッセンスシートの少なくとも2つが、前記少なくとも2つのルミネッセンスシートよりも屈折率が低い第2の材料によって互いに分離されている、請求項12に記載の太陽エネルギーコレクタ。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器の複数を具備し、前記集光器の少なくとも2つの光源が、中心光源と光学的に連絡して前記中心光源によって生成されるポンプ光を放出する、太陽エネルギーコレクタアセンブリ。
- (i)複数のルミネッセンス粒子と焦点を有する少なくとも1つの光導波路とを有する少なくとも1つのルミネッセンスシートを太陽光に暴露して、吸収周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトル内の太陽光を吸収させることによって前記ルミネッセンス粒子を励起状態にするステップであって、前記励起状態のルミネッセンス粒子が、放出周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトル内の放出光を誘導放出することができるステップと、
(ii)一部が前記放出周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトル内のスペクトルを有するとともに、第1の方向に進行するポンプ光によって前記励起状態のルミネッセンス粒子を刺激して、前記励起状態のルミネッセンス粒子に、前記放出周波数の少なくとも第1スペクトル内のスペクトルを有する放出光を、前記ポンプ光の前記第1の進行方向に放出させるステップと、
(iii)前記少なくとも1つの光導波路内に、前記放出光および前記ポンプ光を閉じ込
めるステップと、
(iv)前記放出光および前記ポンプ光が、前記少なくとも1つの光導波路内を内部全反射によって前記焦点またはその近傍にある光収集領域まで伝搬して、集光されるステップと、を含む、太陽光を集光する方法。 - 前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、1つの前記焦点を有する概して円形ディスクの形状である場合、前記光源および前記光収集領域がいずれも前記焦点の近傍にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、2つの前記焦点を有する概して楕円形ディスクの形状である場合、前記光源が前記焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記焦点のもう一方にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、概して、楕円形ディスクの一部分からなる形状であり、前記楕円形ディスクの前記一部分が、その縁部に2つの前記焦点を有する場合、前記光源が前記焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記焦点のもう一方にあり、
前記ルミネッセンスシートの形状が、概して、多くの反射小面からなる反射縁部を形成する楕円形ディスクの複数の部分からなる形状であり、前記楕円形ディスクの複数の部分のそれぞれが、前記複数の部分の他の部分と共通する2つの共通の前記焦点を有する場合、前記光源が前記共通の焦点の一方にあり、前記光収集領域が前記共通の焦点のもう一方にある、請求項15に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2658193 CA2658193A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2009-03-12 | Stimulated emission luminescent light-guide solar concentrators |
CA2,658,193 | 2009-03-12 | ||
US29846010P | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | |
US61/298,460 | 2010-01-26 | ||
PCT/CA2010/000363 WO2010102408A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2010-03-12 | Stimulated emission luminescent light-guide solar concentrators |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2012519970A JP2012519970A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
JP2012519970A5 JP2012519970A5 (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
JP5624064B2 true JP5624064B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
Family
ID=42727757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011553239A Expired - Fee Related JP5624064B2 (ja) | 2009-03-12 | 2010-03-12 | 誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9256018B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2406831B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5624064B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101633146B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102396081B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010223826B2 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2658193A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL215096A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010102408A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8705914B2 (en) | 2007-09-10 | 2014-04-22 | Banyan Energy, Inc. | Redirecting optics for concentration and illumination systems |
WO2011005575A2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-01-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and apparatus for light harvesting in displays |
US9069130B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2015-06-30 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus, method and system for generating optical radiation from biological gain media |
CN103270608B (zh) * | 2010-10-18 | 2016-08-17 | 韦克森林大学 | 混合光电装置及其应用 |
US9647162B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2017-05-09 | Colossus EPC Inc. | Electronic power cell memory back-up battery |
US20120186627A1 (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-26 | Colossus EPC, Inc. | Electronic power source |
US20120187763A1 (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Isoline Component Company, Llc | Electronic power supply |
WO2012127389A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light guide material, optical device and method |
US9263605B1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2016-02-16 | Morgan Solar Inc. | Pulsed stimulated emission luminescent photovoltaic solar concentrator |
JPWO2013077323A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-24 | 2015-04-27 | シャープ株式会社 | 導光体、太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電装置 |
US10422944B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2019-09-24 | Ideal Industries Lighting Llc | Multi-stage optical waveguide for a luminaire |
ITMI20131062A1 (it) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-27 | Eni Spa | Dispositivo per la concentrazione della luce |
US10032947B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2018-07-24 | X Development Llc | Two-stage light concentrator |
Family Cites Families (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3484607A (en) | 1968-01-30 | 1969-12-16 | Mid Continent Mfg Co | Apparatus producing radiant energy at an exit face from stimulation of a luminophor through the phenomenon of dielectric trapping |
US3426212A (en) | 1968-03-14 | 1969-02-04 | Ruth Elizabeth Barry Klaas | Radiation converter comprising transparent parallel layers containing fluorescent substances |
US3732505A (en) | 1972-06-07 | 1973-05-08 | Us Air Force | End pump device for a laser |
DE2414209A1 (de) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-10-09 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Laseranordnung fuer hochdotierte optische verstaerkerelemente, insbesondere aus ultraphosphatbasis |
US3929510A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-12-30 | Us Army | Solar radiation conversion system |
DE2629641C3 (de) | 1976-07-01 | 1979-03-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen | Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von Lichtenergie in Wärmeenergie |
US4140979A (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1979-02-20 | Ramer James L | Solar pulser for laser pumping |
US4149902A (en) | 1977-07-27 | 1979-04-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fluorescent solar energy concentrator |
DE2737847A1 (de) | 1977-08-23 | 1979-03-08 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung mit lumineszenz-lichtkonzentratoren zur umwandlung von solarenergie |
US4193819A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-03-18 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Luminescent photovoltaic solar collector |
US4268709A (en) | 1978-07-03 | 1981-05-19 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Generation of electrical energy from sunlight, and apparatus |
US4186033A (en) | 1978-11-01 | 1980-01-29 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Structure for conversion of solar radiation to electricity and heat |
US4281294A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1981-07-28 | Volkin Howard C | Direct solar pumped laser |
US4262206A (en) | 1980-01-11 | 1981-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Fluorescent radiation converter |
US4292959A (en) | 1980-02-25 | 1981-10-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Solar energy collection system |
DE3007543C2 (de) | 1980-02-28 | 1982-04-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Lichtsammelplatte zur Umwandlung von Lichtenergie in elektrische- und/oder Wärmeenergie |
US4357704A (en) | 1980-09-15 | 1982-11-02 | Science Applications, Inc. | Disc or slab laser apparatus employing compound parabolic concentrator |
US4425907A (en) | 1980-09-25 | 1984-01-17 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Reflector-coupled fluorescent solar collector |
US4488047A (en) | 1981-11-25 | 1984-12-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | High efficiency multiple layer, all solid-state luminescent solar concentrator |
US4799748A (en) | 1986-02-05 | 1989-01-24 | Brown David C | Slab-diffuser fiber incident energy concentrator |
JPH0451027A (ja) * | 1990-06-18 | 1992-02-19 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 導波路型光増幅方法および導波路型光増幅器 |
US5095487A (en) | 1990-12-14 | 1992-03-10 | The University Of Rochester | System for generating pluralities of optical pulses with predetermined frequencies in a temporally and spatially overlapped relationship |
US5431742A (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-07-11 | Kleinerman; Marcos Y. | Luminescent solar concentrators using light amplification processes |
US5422907A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-06-06 | Bhargava; Rameshwar N. | Pumped solid-state lasers comprising doped nanocrystal phosphors |
US5575860A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-11-19 | Cherney; Matthew | Fiber optic power-generation system |
US5978407A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1999-11-02 | United States Enrichment Corporation | Compact and highly efficient laser pump cavity |
GB9905642D0 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 1999-05-05 | Imperial College | Light concentrator for PV cells |
CA2401459A1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2001-09-13 | Teledyne Lighting And Display Products, Inc. | Lighting apparatus having quantum dot layer |
US6784603B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2004-08-31 | Teledyne Lighting And Display Products, Inc. | Fluorescent lighting apparatus |
US7558452B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-07-07 | Edward Ho | Apparatus and method for collecting energy |
US7417789B2 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-08-26 | National Chiao Tung University | Solar-pumped active device |
JP4986865B2 (ja) | 2005-02-16 | 2012-07-25 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 発光体およびその利用 |
US20090032083A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2009-02-05 | Torrance Jerry B | Solar Collection Device |
GB2431513B (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2008-06-04 | Imp College Innovations Ltd | Solar concentrators |
US20070295383A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-12-27 | Intematix Corporation | Wavelength-converting phosphors for enhancing the efficiency of a photovoltaic device |
US20080223438A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-09-18 | Intematix Corporation | Systems and methods for improving luminescent concentrator performance |
US20080149165A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | General Electric Company | Luminescent solar collector |
ES2642209T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 | 2017-11-15 | Morgan Solar Inc. | Panel solar de guía de luz y método de fabricación del mismo |
WO2008157621A2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-24 | E-Cube Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for waveguiding luminescence generated in a scattering medium |
US20090056791A1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2009-03-05 | William Matthew Pfenninger | Solar modules with enhanced efficiencies via use of spectral concentrators |
DE102007045546B3 (de) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-01-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Solarelement mit gesteigerter Effizienz und Verfahren zur Effizienzsteigerung |
EP2203943A4 (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2015-10-14 | Omnipv Inc | SOLAR MODULES WITH INCREASED EFFICIENCIES THROUGH THE USE OF SPECTRAL CONCENTRATORS |
AU2007231811A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-21 | Tropiglas Technologies Ltd | Selective Radiation-Inhibiting Optical Element |
US8324497B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2012-12-04 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Luminescent solar concentrators |
US20090157329A1 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | Glenn Weightman | Determining Solid Content Concentration in a Fluid Stream |
CN101946334B (zh) | 2008-02-12 | 2013-08-21 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 双层薄膜全息太阳能集中器/收集器 |
CN102037565B (zh) | 2008-05-21 | 2014-10-29 | 皮尔普拉斯有限公司 | 具有各向异性发光材料的光学器件 |
US8669461B2 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2014-03-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Ultra-high efficiency multi-junction solar cells using polychromatic diffractive concentrators |
WO2010048484A2 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optical spectral concentrator, sensors and optical energy power systems |
TWI367567B (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2012-07-01 | Univ Nat Central | Guided mode resonance solar cell |
KR101659713B1 (ko) | 2008-12-12 | 2016-09-30 | 코닌클리케 필립스 엔.브이. | 발광성의 광발전 생성기 및 광발전 생성기에 이용하기 위한 도파관 |
IL196312A (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-08-31 | Renata Reisfeld | Glowing sun rays center |
US9496442B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2016-11-15 | Omnipv | Solar modules including spectral concentrators and related manufacturing methods |
US20100139749A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-06-10 | Covalent Solar, Inc. | Solar concentrators and materials for use therein |
US8774573B2 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2014-07-08 | OmniPV, Inc. | Optical devices including resonant cavity structures |
AU2010238629C1 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2015-03-12 | Alphamicron, Inc. | Solar powered variable light attenuating devices and arrangements |
CN102460725A (zh) | 2009-05-01 | 2012-05-16 | 加勒特·布鲁尔 | 使用上转换光致发光太阳聚光器将入射辐射转换为电能的器件和方法 |
DE102009019940A1 (de) | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Lumineszenzkollektor mit mindestens einer photonischen Struktur mit mindestens einem lumineszenten Material sowie diesen enthaltendes Solarzellenmodul |
US20110168236A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2011-07-14 | Winston Kong Chan | Portable photovoltaics with scalable integrated concentrator of light energy |
WO2011012545A1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Technische Universiteit Eindhoven | Luminescent optical device and solar cell system with such luminescent optical device |
US20100139769A1 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2010-06-10 | Covalent Solar, Inc. | Solar concentrators with light redirection |
US20110253197A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2011-10-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Tuned solar concentrators and devices and methods using them |
JP5839648B2 (ja) | 2010-04-27 | 2016-01-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 太陽電池を用いた発電方法及び太陽電池発電システム |
CN102142892B (zh) | 2010-06-30 | 2014-12-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种探测脉冲的产生方法和相干光时域反射仪 |
CN101951189A (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-01-19 | 上海达是能源技术有限公司 | 大面积荧光聚光太阳能电池系统 |
-
2009
- 2009-03-12 CA CA 2658193 patent/CA2658193A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-03-12 JP JP2011553239A patent/JP5624064B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-12 CA CA2755038A patent/CA2755038C/en active Active
- 2010-03-12 AU AU2010223826A patent/AU2010223826B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-12 WO PCT/CA2010/000363 patent/WO2010102408A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-12 US US13/063,847 patent/US9256018B2/en active Active
- 2010-03-12 KR KR1020117024001A patent/KR101633146B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-03-12 EP EP10750294.0A patent/EP2406831B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-03-12 CN CN201080016658.1A patent/CN102396081B/zh active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-12 IL IL215096A patent/IL215096A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2755038C (en) | 2018-01-09 |
AU2010223826B2 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
EP2406831B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
US9256018B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
KR101633146B1 (ko) | 2016-06-23 |
JP2012519970A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
IL215096A0 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CA2658193A1 (en) | 2010-09-12 |
AU2010223826A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CN102396081A (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
WO2010102408A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CA2755038A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
IL215096A (en) | 2016-03-31 |
CN102396081B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US20110226331A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
KR20120004446A (ko) | 2012-01-12 |
EP2406831A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2406831A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5624064B2 (ja) | 誘導放出ルミネッセンス光導波路太陽光集光器 | |
US9263605B1 (en) | Pulsed stimulated emission luminescent photovoltaic solar concentrator | |
US4227939A (en) | Luminescent solar energy concentrator devices | |
CN101861655A (zh) | 利用波导方式传输在散射介质中产生的光照的方法与装置 | |
US9105785B2 (en) | Luminescent solar concentrator | |
US20080223438A1 (en) | Systems and methods for improving luminescent concentrator performance | |
EP2577743B1 (en) | Luminescent solar concentrator system | |
US20120132278A1 (en) | Luminescent solar energy concentrator | |
Einhaus et al. | Free-space concentration of diffused light for photovoltaics | |
WO2012128339A1 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール、太陽光発電装置および太陽電池モジュールの設置方法 | |
JP7306359B2 (ja) | 太陽光発電のための光電変換装置 | |
JP2010212280A (ja) | 太陽電池の導光構造、太陽電池ユニット及び太陽電池モジュール | |
WO2012026572A1 (ja) | 集光装置、光発電装置及び光熱変換装置 | |
KR20100052316A (ko) | 태양광 발전장치 | |
Einhaus et al. | Free-Space Concentration of Diffused Light | |
JP2020513159A (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール | |
US20170288079A1 (en) | Two-stage light concentrator | |
GB2474292A (en) | Planar arrangement of solar cell elements with luminescent concentrator elements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130307 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20130307 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20131120 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20131219 |
|
RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20131220 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140318 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20140827 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20140925 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5624064 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |