JP5588239B2 - Sunlight reflection and thermal insulation structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reflection and heat insulation structure used for a part of a building or the like that needs to improve the reflection of heat and the heat insulation effect of sunlight.

  In general, there are many concrete buildings in urban areas, and road surfaces such as roads are covered with concrete or asphalt. These concrete surfaces rise in temperature due to solar heat and reach 65 to 70 ° C., for example, on the roof of a building in the summer, which is one of the factors causing the urban heat island phenomenon.

  In particular, in a concrete building, the internal temperature also rises, so that the indoor environment is deteriorated and the consumption of electric power energy such as cooling is a problem.

  Various countermeasures have been proposed as countermeasures against the temperature rise problem of such buildings, such as a method of reflecting solar heat by painting with a highly reflective paint, a method of cooling buildings with the heat of vaporization of water, etc. is there. Of these methods, the paint method has the effect of reducing the amount of incident heat, but does not cool the object warmed by solar heat.

  Moreover, as a method of cooling a building with the heat of vaporization of water, there are a method of watering, a method of providing a material having water retention, a method of greening, and the like.

  Of these, the water spraying method has been tried because it is highly effective, but since the supplied water flows away, the effect of requiring a large amount of water is not sustained.

  In the method of revegetation, when planting rooftops, a concrete planting base is provided on the mortar surface of the roof, and the soil is spread by completely separating the planting base from the frame surface. For concrete, it is common to use porous concrete with continuous voids formed of Portland cement and single-grain coarse aggregate. As described above, a natural organic material such as peat moss is filled with the soil on the surface side of the gap.

Various methods for providing water-retaining materials have also been proposed. However, Patent Document 1 listed below is a lightweight concrete pavement method with excellent water permeability and water retention that provides the same cooling and heat insulation effects as when the rooftop is greened. It is a water-retaining and water-permeable concrete block, and without adding an additive that supplements the strength, water is added to a blend of 11 to 50% pumice with a particle size of 3 to 20 mm and 50 to 38% by weight of Portland cement. Spread ready-mixed concrete made of water-retaining and water-permeable concrete in a kneaded state with 40-50% by weight dispersed.
JP-A-2005-97884

  In Patent Document 1, when placing water-retaining and water-permeable concrete, a synthetic resin pipe having a large number of small holes is buried, and when it is dried, water is poured into this pipe, Impregnate water retaining and water permeable concrete with water. It is said that rain water stored in a water tank may be used as water to be used.

The following Patent Document 2 is particularly suitable for rooftop cooling, and is formed of a material that is lightweight and has light-shielding properties and cooling properties, and is ideal for rooftop cooling that is excellent in cost reduction and maintenance-free.・ It has been proposed as a thermal insulation panel.
JP 2009-57811 A

  This Patent Document 2 is mainly composed of a light-shielding layer formed mainly of a material that reflects sunlight, and a material that has both water retention, cold insulation, and heat insulation, as well as water retention, cold insulation, and heat insulation. A laminated body having a convection-promoting function having water absorption, breathability, and moisture release properties, and a water retention / cooling heat insulation layer that is solidified by solidification by low heat storage solidification by mixing a reinforcing aid that has both strength and strength. , A laminated body comprising a perforated or perforated wood board or a bottom board such as a bamboo mesh with moisture absorption / release properties, and also an artificial plant with landscape, strength reinforcement, light shielding properties, moisture release cooling properties, and aromaticity It is a laminated body provided with.

  The remaining shells that have been harvested from pearl oysters, scallops, oysters, etc., are very limited in terms of effective reuse, and most of them are treated as industrial waste. The fact is that it has been disposed of.

In Patent Document 3 below, in order to effectively use such shells, shells such as firewood are pulverized to an appropriate size in asphalt concrete pavement and cement pavement, and subjected to high temperature treatment to produce gravel, crushed stone, sand The thing used as a substitute of aggregates, such as these, is proposed.
JP 47-24139 A

  In the conventional rooftop high temperature prevention method, except for methods such as heat-shielding / reflective coating, a root-holding base that assumes water retention like rooftop greening, and a porous water-absorbing / water-retaining material Is installed on the rooftop and roof, and a mechanism to prevent high temperatures by using the heat shielding effect of the water retaining layer has become common.

  These water retaining layers need a certain thickness for retaining moisture, and the weight tends to increase due to the necessity of retaining moisture. However, in general, it is not preferable to install an excessively heavy object on the ceiling or roof of a building. However, if the weight is to be limited, the amount of moisture retained decreases and the heat shielding effect decreases. And the biggest problem is that moisture will eventually evaporate and the heat shielding effect will decrease, so water supply will always be required, and installation and maintenance of the equipment will be required, which will be expensive.

  The problem with water retention is that if the weather continues, moisture remaining in the water retention layer will accumulate heat, the entire water retention layer will become hot, and the high temperature will be conducted to the rooftop floor surface, which in turn will reduce the heat shielding effect. It is to be.

  In addition, porous concrete is generally used for porous water absorption / retention, but porous concrete is made of natural aggregate such as cement and crushed stone. , Handling and construction are inconvenient.

  The Portland cement of Patent Document 1 is strongly alkaline and prevents the germination of plant seeds, or the plant fibers and seeds filled are easily washed away by rainwater.

  In addition, it is necessary to take into consideration the load and drainage on the rooftop when greening the rooftop, but as a matter of fact, in the case of rooftop greening of existing buildings, there are certain restrictions on the weight that can be installed on the roof due to regulations such as the Building Standard Law. Imposed and overloading is impossible. In addition, the rooftop of a building or the like does not have sufficient space due to air conditioning equipment, rails for cleaning the outer wall of the building, etc., and is often inconvenient for installation of equipment such as drainage.

  Therefore, when greening such a place, it is necessary to limit the load as much as possible and to minimize facilities such as drainage.

  In addition, it is necessary to secure a drainage route for soil for vegetation, and an appropriate drainage port is provided in the lower part of the wall surrounding the planting, and the drainage port is covered with a net to prevent the outflow of soil. Means are provided.

  However, with such a method, drainage efficiency is poor, and even though the drain outlet is covered with a net, it is impossible to block all dust from the soil, and the drain on the roof is frequently clogged. was there.

  When water supply facilities are required, an increase in static load on the roof due to water storage may become a problem.For rainwater storage types that do not have a sprinkler, rainwater supply is interrupted and the product becomes semi-dry. Due to the water vapor in the layer, heat accumulation occurs and the cooling action is hindered.

  In addition, the paved road construction method using the shell of Patent Document 3 is intended to be effectively used by using the shell as an aggregate, and is completely unrelated to the expectation of the cooling and heat insulation effect.

  The object of the present invention is a reflection and heat insulation structure used for a part of a building or the like that eliminates the disadvantages of the conventional example and needs to improve the reflection and heat insulation effect of irradiation heat by sunlight, and requires almost no maintenance. Thus, it is an object to provide a sunlight reflecting and heat insulating structure having high durability without running costs.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claims 1 and 2 is a reflection and heat insulation structure used for a part of a building or the like that needs to improve the reflection and heat insulation effect of irradiation heat by sunlight. A shell with a nacreous layer that is a glossy substance composed of inorganic and organic substances, mainly composed of calcium carbonate secreted from the shell shell, is attached to the inside of the shellfish on the part that receives heat. It was laid in a layer structure so that it would be a reflection surface for the heat radiated by sunlight, and the air layer between the shell layer structures would function as a cooling layer or heat insulation layer . The gist is that the part of the building or the like that needs to improve the reflection and heat insulation effect is either the rooftop / surface of the building, the surface of the outdoor air conditioner, or the periphery thereof.

According to the present invention as set forth in claims 1 and 2,
(1) Since the specific gravity of the shell is relatively light (approximately 1.5 to 2), the weight increase is slight even if it is laid on a part of the building (such as the rooftop or roof) that receives irradiation heat. The structural load on the object remains practically negligible.
(2) The reflection and heat insulation effect is improved by the nacreous layer of the shell having a color tone based on white in general reflecting the irradiation heat with high efficiency.
(3) The mutual contact between the shells laid in the layer structure becomes a point contact state, the heat conduction using the shell between the upper layer and the lower layer of the layer structure as a medium is hindered, and the temperature rise at the portion covered by the shell can be suppressed. In addition, a state where the lower shell and the part such as a building are in direct contact also becomes a point contact, and it is difficult for moisture to stay and damage to the building such as corrosion can be prevented.
(4) The air layer between the layer structures of the shells acts as a cooling layer for rooftops, roofs, etc. in summer and as a heat insulation layer in winter for the following reasons. In the summer, the surface layer side of the shell layer is heated by irradiation heat, and an upward airflow is generated from the lower layer side (the roof, roof, etc.) to the upper layer side. This updraft causes air cooling by constantly sending fresh outside air (generally 35 ° C. or less even in extreme heat) to the lower layer side, and can suppress the temperature rise of the structure surface in contact with the lower layer side of the shell layer.
On the other hand, in the winter season, the air layer between the shell structure acts as a heat insulation layer, and the cooling effect caused by the direct contact of cold air with the rooftop, roof, etc. prevents heat dissipation from the surface of the structure. It is restrained and produces an effect that the temperature is hardly lowered.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 3 is that the shell having a pearl layer has a substantially plate-like or concave cross-sectional shape.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, by using a shell having a substantially plate-like or concave cross-section, it is possible to efficiently cover a part such as a building, and the reflection effect on irradiation heat is improved. .

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 4 is that the layer structure formed by the shell is surrounded by a holding body having drainage / ventilating means so as to maintain the layer structure.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by holding the shell layer structure with the holding body having drainage / ventilation means, by wind pressure, external force under the rainwater flow, taking away the shell by birds such as crows, etc., The destruction of the layer structure can be prevented.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 5 is that the shell is provided with a hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by providing a hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface in the shell, drainage of water staying in the concave portion of the shell can be promoted, and a reduction in the reflection function can be prevented, and the hole The passage of the air current causes the passage of air current in the shell shell structure. Thereby, since the latent heat which the water | moisture content evaporates from parts from buildings, such as a rooftop and a roof, in summer can be effectively dissipated, the temperature rise of a rooftop, a roof, etc. by latent heat retention can be prevented.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 6 is that the wire that is continuous with the holding body that maintains the layer structure is inserted into a hole that penetrates from the front surface of the shell to the back surface.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the wire layer continuous to the holding body that maintains the layer structure of the shell is inserted into the hole that penetrates from the front surface to the back surface of the shell, so that the layer structure of the shell by the holding body is achieved. The effect of restraining to the height can be enhanced, problems such as the occurrence of shell bias in the layer structure can be solved, and the layer structure can be more reliably maintained.

As described above, the sunlight reflection and heat insulation structure of the present invention requires almost no maintenance, has no running cost, has high durability, and can realize the sunlight reflection and heat insulation structure for air conditioning. The amount of electric power required can be reduced, which contributes to CO ₂ reduction.

  In addition, it is possible to effectively utilize the shells that are currently generated in Japan and are processed as industrial waste by spending enormous labor and cost.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view showing an embodiment of the sunlight reflection and heat insulation structure of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a building or the like that needs to improve the reflection and heat insulation effect of irradiation heat by sunlight. This is a rooftop floor as a part of the floor, and there are many concrete surfaces and waterproof sheets. 5 is a ceiling part, and 6 is a room.

  In the present invention, a shell laying layer in which the pearl layer 2a is directed to the upper surface (incoming direction of sunlight), for example, a scallop shell 2 formed into two or more layers, a roof floor 1 that is a part that receives irradiation heat 1 Laid on top.

  The shell 2 has a pearl layer 2a inside the shell, has a specific gravity of about 1.5, and in the present invention, a flat plate or dish having a diameter of 5 to 20 cm is used as shown in FIG.

  The pearl layer 2a is also called a pearl mother, and is attached to the inside of the shellfish, and is a glossy substance composed of inorganic and organic substances mainly composed of calcium carbonate secreted from the shell membrane of the shell. .

  The shell 2 having the pearl layer 2a in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a bivalve, but covers a part of a building or the like, so that it is relatively wide such as scallops, oysters, higi, Akoya, Itaya, hokkiki, abalone, etc. A shell having a planar shape is preferred.

  Furthermore, a through-hole 3 for drainage / ventilation is formed in the central portion of the flat plate / dish of the shell 2, and drainage / ventilation means are provided.

  The through-hole 3 is preferably formed at a substantially central portion when the cross-sectional shape of the shell 2 is substantially plate-shaped and at a bottom portion when the cross-sectional shape is concave.

  Further, the upper surface of the layered shell 2 is covered with a scattering prevention net 4 for maintaining the layer structure of the shell and preventing scattering. As the scattering prevention net 4, a synthetic resin net (such as polyester) for a fence, a fishing net, a bird avoidance net such as a crow, or the like can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the shell 2 having a layer structure may be housed in a fixed frame 12, and the upper surface opening of the fixed frame 12 may be closed with a scattering prevention net 4. Legs 12a are attached to the fixed frame 12, and the space between the fixed frame and the rooftop is maintained to drain and vent.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the shell 2 is connected with a binding string 7 using a hole 13 provided in the shell 2, and is laminated and fixed, thereby eliminating the scattering prevention net 4. It is possible to maintain the layer structure of the shell and prevent scattering. For the binding string 7, a wire, a wire, a cloth string, a durable synthetic resin (polyester or the like) rope, or the like can be used.

  As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the shell 2 is housed in a net bag 8 in a stacked state, the net bag 8 is laid, and the net bags 8 arranged side by side are bound by a binding tool 14. Connect them together to make the whole one.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the shell laying layer of the flat plate / dish-like material by the shell 2 is configured as an upper layer α as a heat shielding layer, an intermediate layer β as a heat conduction inhibiting layer, and an air layer γ forming a laminated space. To do.

  The contact surface between the shells in the form of layers is composed of dots or intermittent lines, and more than 70% of the outer surface of each shell is in direct contact with the air on the non-contact surface.

  Next, a usage method and an effect | action are demonstrated. At the contact point of each shell constituting the shell laying layer, the heat (40-45 ° C) of the surface that receives direct sunlight from the heat shielding layer, which is the upper layer α, is conducted at the contact point with the middle layer β of the next layer. Although it concentrates on a certain point part or the intermittent line part, since the area is small, the amount of conduction heat reduces and temperature falls (35-40 degreeC). Further, heat is released into the air through the hole of the shell 2.

  As the upper layer α itself becomes hot, an upward air flow is generated in the shell laying layer, and heat is dissipated from the upper layer α to the sky, and the low temperature of the middle layer β forming the heat conduction inhibition layer and the air layer γ forming the laminated space by the air flow. Air (35 ° C. or lower) passes through the shell laying layer from the bottom to the top, and a cooling effect occurs.

  Like the shells, the shells contact the rooftop 1 or the roof surface with dots or discontinuous lines, and 70% or more of the rooftop floor is in direct contact with the air.

  The middle layer β that forms the heat conduction inhibiting layer receives the heat conduction from the upper layer α because it supports the upper layer α that forms the heat shielding layer. However, since the contact surface is small, the heat conduction to the rooftop floor 1 or the surface of the structure is achieved. It has the role of reducing and lowering the temperature (below 35 ° C)

  The heat conduction inhibition layer forming the middle layer β and the air layer γ in the lower layer of the shell laminated space are not directly exposed to sunlight and are always in a shaded state. This layer is at a low temperature (generally 35 ° C. or less even in the heat wave), and the air is sucked by the rising air flow generated by the upper layer α that reaches a high temperature, reaches the heat shield layer of the upper layer α, and is released. Thereby, passage of fresh and relatively low temperature air (35 ° C. or lower) continuously occurs from the lower side to the upper side in the shell laying layer.

  The temperature of the air flowing into the rooftop floor 1 or the surface of the structure by the structural function by the laying layer is 40 ° C. at the maximum, and 35 ° C. or less when entering the shaded portion in the shell laminated structure. Due to the air temperature of 35 ° C. or lower, the rooftop floor 1 or the surface of the structure does not become 35 ° C. or higher, and the ceiling portion 5 below that temperature is lowered, and heat conduction into the room is reduced.

6 and Table 1 below show the measurement results of the temperature of each part, where ● is the temperature of the rooftop floor 1, ■ is the temperature of the ceiling 5 and □ is the temperature of the room 6 (see FIG. 1).

  Thus, in the case where there is no flat plate or dish-like layer made of the shell 2, the maximum temperature of each part is about 60 ° C on the surface of the rooftop floor 1, about 42 ° C on the ceiling 5, and 6 indoors. The temperature is about 40 ° C.

  On the other hand, in the case where there is a shell laying layer made of flat and dish-shaped shells 2, the temperature of the upper layer α forming the heat shielding layer is 40 to 45 ° C., and the temperature of the middle layer β forming the heat conduction inhibiting layer is approximately 35. The temperature of the lower air layer γ is 35 ° C. or less, the inside temperature of the rooftop floor 1 is about 35 ° C. or less on average, the temperature of the ceiling 5 is about 30 ° C. or less, and the temperature of the room 6 is about 28 ° C. It becomes as follows.

  Further, when the outside air has a constant wind speed, the passing air enters the voids in the shell laying layer, and the cooling action of the middle layer β forming the heat conduction inhibiting layer and the air layer γ forming the lower layer portion occurs.

  In this case, the inside of the shell laying layer in the leeward part exhibits a temperature close to the air temperature, but that in the leeward part becomes 2 to 3 ° C higher than the windward part by the air that has absorbed the heat through the shell laying layer. . For this reason, you may provide the clearance gap which escapes air from a shell laying layer at intervals of about 2-4 m, without laying down the shell laying layer in the whole.

On the other hand, at low temperatures in winter, the laying layer surface acts as a heat insulating layer, and the temperature drop due to the outside air of the air layer γ forming the lower layer can be suppressed, and radiation of heating heat inside the building is hindered. As shown in Table 2 below, the rooftop floor 1 having a shell laying layer produces a high temperature of + 5 ° C. in the time zone from night to morning in contrast to the rooftop floor 1 having no shell laying layer.

  The present invention that does not require water retention on the rooftop 1 or the surface of the structure can drain the inflowing rainwater as it is, so that it remains substantially dry except during rainfall, and no latent heat due to water vapor is accumulated in the shell laying layer. . The through hole provided at the approximate center of the shell is effective for draining rainwater and venting outside air.

  FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention. As in FIG. 5, as a restraint body that maintains the laminated structure of the flat shell plate / dish-like shell 2 and has drainage / ventilating means for the shell laying layer. A net bag 8 made of mesh net was used. If a shell laying layer is formed in the net bag 8 made of this mesh net and is laid in a futon shape on the rooftop or roof, and these net bags are tied together and fixed together, a scattering prevention net is not necessary. In the figure, reference numeral 16 denotes a folded roof, but in this embodiment, the shell laying layer can be laid in a futon shape, so that such unevenness follows the shape of the structure such as the rooftop surface that comes into contact. The surface of the roof part with a part can also be effectively covered.

  FIG. 9 shows a case where a flat plate / dish-like layer structure of the shell 2 of the present invention is laid on the rooftop floor 1 or the surface of the structure, and an air conditioner outdoor unit 15 is further installed thereon. The comparison with the case where the shell 2 is not provided is shown by the temperature value.

  Although not shown in the drawings, the rooftop of a building or the like in the present invention refers to the top of the air conditioner outdoor unit, and the layer structure of the shell flat plate or dish of the present invention may be laid on or around the air conditioner outdoor unit. I can do it.

  Thus, the parts of the building and the like that need to improve the reflection and heat insulation effect of the irradiation heat by sunlight applied by the sunlight reflection and heat insulation structure of the present invention are the rooftop / surface of the building, the roof surface, It may be either on the surface or the periphery of the outdoor air conditioner, and may be a part according to it.

It is a vertical side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the reflection and heat insulation structure of sunlight of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the shell used in the reflection and heat insulation structure of sunlight of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the reflection and heat insulation structure of sunlight of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the connection bundling condition of the shell used in the reflection of sunlight and heat insulation structure of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the net bag used with the reflection and heat insulation structure of sunlight of this invention, and its bundling condition. It is a graph which shows a summer temperature measurement result. It is a graph which shows a winter temperature measurement result. It is a perspective view which shows other embodiment of the reflection of sunlight and heat insulation structure of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of installation of the sunlight reflection and heat insulation structure of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rooftop 2 Seashell 2a Pearl layer 3 Through-hole 4 Spattering prevention net 5 Ceiling part 6 Indoor 7 Tying string 8 Net bag 11 Pumice 12 Fixed frame 12a Leg 13 Hole 14 Binding tool 15 Air-conditioning outdoor unit 16 Folding half roof

Claims (6)

A reflective and insulating structure used in the site of the building or the like that needs to be reflected and improve the heat insulating effect of the irradiation heat by sunlight, the region receiving irradiation heat, affixed to the inside of the shellfish, shells of the mantle A shell with a pearl layer, which is a glossy substance composed of inorganic and organic substances, composed mainly of calcium carbonate secreted from the membrane , and the layer structure of the pearl layer as a reflection surface for the heat irradiated by sunlight. A solar reflective and heat insulating structure characterized in that the air layer between the shell layer structures functions as a cooling layer or a heat insulating layer .   The part of a building or the like that needs to improve the reflection of heat and the heat insulation effect by sunlight is either the roof / surface of a building, the surface of an outdoor air conditioner, or the periphery thereof. Reflective and thermal insulation structure.   The sunlight reflecting and heat insulating structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shell having a nacreous layer has a substantially plate-like or concave cross-sectional shape.   The solar light reflection and heat insulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the layer structure formed by the shell is a holding body having drainage / ventilating means and is surrounded so as to maintain the layer structure.   The solar shell reflection and heat insulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shell is provided with a hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface.   The solar light reflecting and heat insulating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a wire that is continuous with the holder that maintains the layer structure is inserted into a hole that penetrates from the front surface of the shell to the back surface.

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