JP5583435B2 - Refrigeration and air conditioning method and apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigeration and air conditioning method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP5583435B2
JP5583435B2 JP2010055347A JP2010055347A JP5583435B2 JP 5583435 B2 JP5583435 B2 JP 5583435B2 JP 2010055347 A JP2010055347 A JP 2010055347A JP 2010055347 A JP2010055347 A JP 2010055347A JP 5583435 B2 JP5583435 B2 JP 5583435B2
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heat pump
heat
heat source
cooling
temperature
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JP2011190943A (en
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晃 平井
耕一 染矢
多聞 八木橋
真 内田
徹治 吉岡
元 八橋
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Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Description

本発明は、ヒートポンプにより熱を吸収され温度の低下した熱源を冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、さらには、自然エネルギーを利用したヒートポンプによる熱や太陽熱を利用して、ＣＯ2 排出量が少なくなるようにした効率のよい冷凍・空調システム（方法及び装置）に関するものである。 The present invention is a reduced heat source is absorbed heat by the heat pump temperature using at least a portion of the cooling source of the refrigerator, and further, by utilizing heat and solar heat pumps utilizing natural energy, CO 2 emissions The present invention relates to an efficient refrigeration / air-conditioning system (method and apparatus) in which the amount is reduced.

従来、吸収式冷凍機の一例として、図７に示すものが知られている。この吸収式冷凍機は、吸収液（例えば、臭化リチウム水溶液）が吸収器１０から再生器１４に流されるというサイクルを構成している。この吸収式冷凍機における吸収サイクルを説明すると、まず、吸収器１０で多量の冷媒蒸気を吸収して濃度が薄められた吸収液（希吸収液又は希溶液）が吸収器１０から熱交換器１２に送給され、この熱交換器１２により加熱された後に再生器１４に送給される。前記希吸収液（希溶液）は、この再生器１４において再生され、吸収している冷媒の一部を放出し濃度がその分高くなって濃吸収液（濃溶液）となる。   Conventionally, what is shown in FIG. 7 is known as an example of an absorption refrigerator. This absorption refrigerator constitutes a cycle in which an absorption liquid (for example, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide) flows from the absorber 10 to the regenerator 14. The absorption cycle in this absorption refrigerator will be described. First, an absorbing liquid (a diluted absorbing solution or a diluted solution) whose concentration has been reduced by absorbing a large amount of refrigerant vapor in the absorber 10 is transferred from the absorber 10 to the heat exchanger 12. And heated to the regenerator 14 after being heated by the heat exchanger 12. The dilute absorbing liquid (diluted solution) is regenerated in the regenerator 14 and a part of the absorbed refrigerant is released, and the concentration is increased by that amount to become a concentrated absorbing liquid (concentrated solution).

この濃吸収液は、熱交換器１２の加熱側に前記希吸収液を加熱する加熱源として戻された後、前記吸収器１０に帰還する。この帰還した吸収液は吸収器１０において伝熱管上に散布され、冷却水により冷却されながら再び冷媒蒸気を吸収して前記希吸収液となる。３２は吸収液ポンプ、３６は冷媒ポンプ、３８は冷却水ポンプである。   The concentrated absorbent is returned to the absorber 10 after being returned to the heating side of the heat exchanger 12 as a heating source for heating the diluted absorbent. The returned absorption liquid is spread on the heat transfer tube in the absorber 10 and absorbs the refrigerant vapor again while being cooled by the cooling water to become the diluted absorption liquid. 32 is an absorption liquid pump, 36 is a refrigerant pump, and 38 is a cooling water pump.

再生器１４には、加熱源（駆動熱源）として温水又はスチームが供給される。再生器１４からの冷媒蒸気は凝縮器２２に戻されて凝縮する。凝縮器２２からの冷媒液（例えば、水）は蒸発器２４に入り、この凝縮した冷媒液が冷媒ポンプ３６により蒸発器２４の伝熱管（水が流通している）に散布され蒸発潜熱により冷却されて冷水が得られる。４０は冷水ポンプである。   Warm water or steam is supplied to the regenerator 14 as a heating source (drive heat source). The refrigerant vapor from the regenerator 14 is returned to the condenser 22 and condensed. The refrigerant liquid (for example, water) from the condenser 22 enters the evaporator 24, and the condensed refrigerant liquid is sprayed by the refrigerant pump 36 to the heat transfer pipe (water is circulating) of the evaporator 24 and cooled by latent heat of evaporation. As a result, cold water is obtained. Reference numeral 40 denotes a cold water pump.

また、従来、太陽熱集熱器とヒートポンプとを組み合わせた給湯システムが知られている。しかし、このシステムは給湯のみを目的とするもので、空調は行うことができない。   Conventionally, a hot water supply system in which a solar heat collector and a heat pump are combined is known. However, this system is intended only for hot water supply and cannot perform air conditioning.

さらに、従来、太陽熱を活用した冷暖房・給湯システムが知られている。このシステムは、太陽熱集熱器と吸収式冷温水機とヒートポンプとを組み合わせる構成であるが、ヒートポンプからの温水は、吸収式冷温水機へは供給されず、貯湯槽を介して直接給湯される。   Furthermore, conventionally, an air conditioning / hot water supply system using solar heat is known. This system is configured to combine a solar heat collector, an absorption chiller / heater, and a heat pump, but the hot water from the heat pump is not supplied to the absorption chiller / heater, but is supplied directly through a hot water tank. .

特開平８−６１７４９号公報JP-A-8-61749

解決しようとする問題点は、ヒートポンプと吸収式冷凍機とを組み合わせたシステムにおいて、冷凍機の冷却熱が有効利用されておらず、かつ、ヒートポンプで発生した熱が、吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源として利用されていない点である。   The problem to be solved is that in a system that combines a heat pump and an absorption chiller, the cooling heat of the chiller is not effectively used, and the heat generated by the heat pump is the driving heat source of the absorption chiller It is a point that is not used as.

本発明は、ＣＯ2 排出量の小さな冷凍・空調システムを提供するために、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を冷凍機の冷却源の全部又は一部に利用し、さらにはヒートポンプ、又はヒートポンプ及び太陽熱集熱器により発生した温水又は水蒸気を、吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の全部又は一部に使用することを最も主要な特徴とする。 In order to provide a refrigeration / air-conditioning system with a small amount of CO 2 emission, the present invention uses a heat source pumped up by a heat pump and reduced in temperature as a whole or a part of a cooling source of a refrigerator, and further a heat pump The main feature is that hot water or water vapor generated by a heat pump and a solar heat collector is used for all or part of the driving heat source of the absorption chiller.

本発明の冷凍・空調方法は、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を、冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用することを特徴としている。この場合、冷凍機が吸収式冷凍機であり、ヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用するとともに、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用することが一般的である。   The refrigeration / air-conditioning method of the present invention is characterized in that a heat source pumped up by a heat pump and having a lowered temperature is used as at least a part of a cooling source of a refrigerator. In this case, the refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator, and either the hot water or water vapor generated by the heat pump is used as at least a part of the drive heat source of the absorption refrigerator, and the heat is pumped up to lower the temperature. Generally, the heat source is used as at least a part of the cooling source of the absorption refrigerator.

この方法において、熱源が液体によって循環するように構成される。また、冷却塔などの冷却手段を併設して、冷却源を冷却するように構成される。さらに、冷凍機に入る冷却源温度、ヒートポンプに入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプを出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるように、ヒートポンプに入る熱源流量を温度調節機構により調節するように構成される。   In this method, the heat source is configured to circulate with the liquid. In addition, a cooling means such as a cooling tower is provided to cool the cooling source. Further, the heat source flow rate entering the heat pump is adjusted by the temperature adjustment mechanism so that at least one of the cooling source temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump is constant.

これらの方法において、ヒートポンプの熱源出口流体を冷却水として吸収器及び凝縮器のいずれかにのみ流す場合がある。また、ヒートポンプの熱源出口流体を冷却水として吸収器及び凝縮器に並列に流す場合がある。また、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプに入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプを出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるように、ヒートポンプに入る熱源流量を温度調節機構により調節するように構成される。   In these methods, the heat source outlet fluid of the heat pump may flow only as a cooling water to either the absorber or the condenser. In some cases, the heat source outlet fluid of the heat pump flows in parallel to the absorber and the condenser as cooling water. The heat source flow rate entering the heat pump is adjusted by the temperature adjustment mechanism so that at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump is constant.

また、これらの方法において、太陽熱集熱器とヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用するように構成される。なお、冷凍機として吸着式冷凍機及びデシカント空調機のいずれかを用いることができる。   Moreover, in these methods, it is comprised so that any one of the warm water and water vapor | steam which generate | occur | produced with the solar-heat collector and the heat pump may be used for at least one part of the drive heat source of a refrigerator. In addition, any of an adsorption-type refrigerator and a desiccant air conditioner can be used as a refrigerator.

本発明の冷凍・空調装置は、吸収器、再生器、凝縮器及び蒸発器を少なくとも備え、吸収器から凝縮器へ冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機において、凝縮器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器とを熱源水管を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器の出口と吸収器とを冷却水管を介して接続したことを特徴としている（図１参照）。   The refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention comprises at least an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator, and in an absorption chiller in which cooling water flows from the absorber to the condenser, the outlet of the condenser and the heat pump hot water supply The apparatus is connected via a heat source water pipe, and the outlet of the heat pump water heater and the absorber are connected via a cooling water pipe (see FIG. 1).

また、本発明の装置は、吸収器、再生器、凝縮器及び蒸発器を少なくとも備え、吸収器から凝縮器へ冷却塔からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機において、凝縮器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器の出口と吸収器とを冷却水管を介して接続し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器（温度センサー）及び三方制御弁からなる温度調節機構を備えたことを特徴としている（図２参照）。   The apparatus of the present invention includes an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator, and is an absorption chiller in which cooling water from the cooling tower flows from the absorber to the condenser. The heat pump water heater and the cooling tower are connected via a heat source water pipe equipped with a three-way control valve, the outlet of the heat pump water heater and the absorber are connected via a cooling water pipe, the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat pump Temperature consisting of a temperature detector (temperature sensor) and a three-way control valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat source entering the heat pump water heater so that at least one of the heat source temperature entering the water heater and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump water heater is constant. An adjustment mechanism is provided (see FIG. 2).

さらに、本発明の装置は、吸収器、再生器、凝縮器及び蒸発器を少なくとも備え、吸収器及び凝縮器へ冷却塔からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機であって、凝縮器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器の出口と吸収器及び凝縮器とを冷却水管を介して接続し、吸収器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器（温度センサー）及び三方制御弁からなる温度調節機構を備えたことを特徴としている（図３参照）。   Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention is an absorption chiller comprising at least an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator, wherein the cooling water from the cooling tower is allowed to flow to the absorber and the condenser. The outlet of the heat pump is connected to the heat pump water heater and the cooling tower via a heat source water pipe equipped with a three-way control valve, the outlet of the heat pump water heater is connected to the absorber and the condenser via a cooling water pipe, and the outlet of the absorber Is connected to the heat pump water heater and the cooling tower through a heat source water pipe equipped with a three-way control valve, and is at least one of a cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, a heat source temperature entering the heat pump water heater, and a heat source temperature exiting the heat pump water heater. 3 is provided with a temperature adjustment mechanism including a temperature detector (temperature sensor) and a three-way control valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat source entering the heat pump water heater so as to be constant (FIG. 3). Irradiation).

これらの装置において、吸収式冷凍機の再生器と、ヒートポンプ給湯器に温水管を介して接続された貯湯槽とを、給湯管及び水蒸気供給管のいずれかを介して接続した構成となっているか、又は、吸収式冷凍機の再生器と、ヒートポンプ給湯器とを、貯湯槽及び給湯管を介して接続し、この貯湯槽に熱交換器を介して太陽熱集熱器を接続した構成となっている。なお、吸収式冷凍機の代りに吸着式冷凍機及びデシカント空調機のいずれかを設ける構成とすることもできる。   In these devices, is the configuration in which the regenerator of the absorption chiller and the hot water storage tank connected to the heat pump water heater via a hot water pipe are connected via either a hot water pipe or a steam supply pipe? Or, the regenerator of the absorption chiller and the heat pump water heater are connected via a hot water tank and a hot water pipe, and a solar heat collector is connected to the hot water tank via a heat exchanger. Yes. In addition, it can also be set as the structure which provides either an adsorption type refrigerator and a desiccant air conditioner instead of an absorption refrigerator.

本発明の冷凍・空調方法及び装置は、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を冷凍機の冷却源の全部又は一部に利用するとともに自然エネルギーを利用した前記ヒートポンプによる熱、さらには太陽熱を利用して、ＣＯ2 排出量の小さな冷凍空調システムを提供することができる。また、冷凍機の冷却熱を熱源とすることにより、熱源温度が安定し、効率の向上が期待できる。
また、本発明の冷凍・空調方法及び装置において、ヒートポンプで発生した熱、さらには太陽熱を吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の全部又は一部に利用する場合には、従来使用されていた燃料や水蒸気の使用量を零にするか、又は少なくすることができる。このため、ＣＯ2 排出量の削減をさらに図ることができる。 The refrigeration / air-conditioning method and apparatus of the present invention uses a heat source pumped up by a heat pump and reduced in temperature as a whole or a part of a cooling source of a refrigerator, and further, heat from the heat pump using natural energy, By utilizing solar heat, a refrigeration air conditioning system with a small amount of CO 2 emissions can be provided. Moreover, by using the cooling heat of the refrigerator as a heat source, the heat source temperature is stabilized, and an improvement in efficiency can be expected.
In the refrigeration / air-conditioning method and apparatus of the present invention, when heat generated by a heat pump, or solar heat, is used for all or part of the driving heat source of an absorption refrigeration machine, conventionally used fuel or water vapor Can be reduced to zero or less. For this reason, it is possible to further reduce the CO 2 emission amount.

図１は本発明の冷凍・空調装置の一例を示す説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention. 図２は本発明の冷凍・空調装置の他の例を示す説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing another example of the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention. 図３は本発明の冷凍・空調装置の他の例を示す説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing another example of the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention. 図４は本発明の冷凍・空調装置の他の例を示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another example of the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention. 図５は本発明の冷凍・空調装置のさらに他の例を示す説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing still another example of the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus of the present invention. 図６は図２に示す装置に温度、熱量を記載した説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing temperature and heat quantity in the apparatus shown in FIG. 図７は従来の吸収式冷凍機の一例を示す説明図である。FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an example of a conventional absorption refrigerator.

ＣＯ2 排出量の小さな冷凍・空調システムを提供するという目的を、ヒートポンプにより熱を吸収されて温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、さらに、ヒートポンプからの熱、さらには太陽熱を吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源として利用することにより実現した。 The purpose of providing a refrigeration / air-conditioning system with low CO 2 emissions is to use a heat source whose temperature has been reduced by absorption of heat by the heat pump as at least a part of the cooling source of the absorption refrigeration machine. This was achieved by using heat and solar heat as the driving heat source for the absorption refrigerator.

以下、本発明の実施例について図面に基づいて説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではなく、適宜変更して実施できるものである。
図１は、本発明の実施例１における冷凍・空調装置を示している。５０は吸収器、５２は再生器、５４は凝縮器、５６は蒸発器で、吸収式冷凍機５８は、５０、５２、５４、５６を少なくとも備えている。６２は冷凍・空調負荷、６４は冷却水管、６５は冷却水ポンプ、６６は冷水ポンプである。なお、吸収式冷凍機５８に含まれる熱交換器、配管類、ポンプ類等は図示を省略している。 Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications.
FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Reference numeral 50 denotes an absorber, 52 denotes a regenerator, 54 denotes a condenser, 56 denotes an evaporator, and the absorption refrigerator 58 includes at least 50, 52, 54, and 56. 62 is a refrigeration / air conditioning load, 64 is a cooling water pipe, 65 is a cooling water pump, and 66 is a cooling water pump. Note that illustration of heat exchangers, pipes, pumps, and the like included in the absorption refrigerator 58 is omitted.

図１に示すように、吸収器５０、再生器５２、凝縮器５４及び蒸発器５６を少なくとも備え、吸収器５０から凝縮器５４へ冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機５８において、凝縮器５４の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器６８とを熱源水管６９を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の出口と吸収器５０とを冷却水管６４を介して接続している。   As shown in FIG. 1, in an absorption refrigerator 58 including at least an absorber 50, a regenerator 52, a condenser 54, and an evaporator 56, and allowing cooling water to flow from the absorber 50 to the condenser 54, the condenser The outlet of 54 and the heat pump water heater 68 are connected via a heat source water pipe 69, and the outlet of the heat pump water heater 68 and the absorber 50 are connected via a cooling water pipe 64.

さらに、吸収器５０、再生器５２、凝縮器５４及び蒸発器５６を少なくとも備えた吸収式冷凍機５８において、再生器５２とヒートポンプ給湯器６８とを、貯湯槽７０及び給湯管７４を介して接続している。７２は温水管、７６は温水ポンプである。   Further, in the absorption chiller 58 including at least the absorber 50, the regenerator 52, the condenser 54 and the evaporator 56, the regenerator 52 and the heat pump water heater 68 are connected via the hot water storage tank 70 and the hot water supply pipe 74. doing. 72 is a hot water pipe, and 76 is a hot water pump.

このように構成された装置において、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８により熱を吸収されて温度の低下した冷却水を、吸収式冷凍機５８の冷却水として利用し、さらに、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８により発生した温水を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に使用する。
図１は、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の熱を全量、吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源として用いる場合を示しているが、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の熱の一部を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に用い、ガス、油、水蒸気等の他の熱源と併用してもよい。なお、冷却水の代わりに冷却用空気を用いることも可能である。 In the apparatus configured as described above, the cooling water that has been absorbed by the heat pump water heater 68 and reduced in temperature is used as the cooling water for the absorption chiller 58, and the hot water generated by the heat pump water heater 68 is further used. Used as a driving heat source for the absorption refrigerator 58.
FIG. 1 shows a case where the heat from the heat pump water heater 68 is used as a driving heat source for the absorption refrigerator 58, but a part of the heat from the heat pump water heater 68 is used as the driving heat source for the absorption refrigerator 58. , Other heat sources such as gas, oil, and water vapor may be used in combination. It is also possible to use cooling air instead of the cooling water.

また、図１は、ヒートポンプで発生した温水を用いる場合を示しているが、ヒートポンプによって発生した水蒸気を用いてもよい。また、バックアップとしてボイラの熱を用いてもよい。
図１は一例として、単効用形（一重効用形）吸収式冷凍機の場合を示しているが、二重効用、三重効用、多重効用形吸収式冷凍機にも、本発明を勿論適用することができる。 Moreover, although FIG. 1 has shown the case where the hot water generated with the heat pump is used, you may use the water vapor | steam generate | occur | produced with the heat pump. Moreover, you may use the heat of a boiler as a backup.
FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a single effect type (single effect type) absorption refrigerator, but the present invention is naturally applied to a double effect, triple effect and multiple effect absorption refrigerator. Can do.

図２は、本発明の実施例２における冷凍・空調装置を示している。本実施例は冷却塔６０を併設した場合を示している。すなわち、図２に示すように、吸収器５０、再生器５２、凝縮器５４及び蒸発器５６を少なくとも備え、吸収器５０から凝縮器５４へ冷却塔６０からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機５８において、凝縮器５４の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器６８及び冷却塔６０とを三方制御弁７１を備えた熱源水管６９、８１を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の出口と吸収器５０とを冷却水管６４を介して接続し、吸収式冷凍機５８に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器６８を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器６８に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器７５、７７、７９及び三方制御弁７１からなる温度調節機構を備えている。７３は制御器、８３は冷却塔６０からの冷却水管で、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８からの冷却水管６４が合流して吸収器５０へ流入するようになっている。   FIG. 2 shows a refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this embodiment, a cooling tower 60 is provided. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, an absorption type including at least an absorber 50, a regenerator 52, a condenser 54 and an evaporator 56, and allowing cooling water from the cooling tower 60 to flow from the absorber 50 to the condenser 54. In the refrigerator 58, the outlet of the condenser 54 is connected to the heat pump water heater 68 and the cooling tower 60 via heat source water pipes 69 and 81 having a three-way control valve 71, and the outlet of the heat pump water heater 68 and the absorber 50 are connected. Are connected via a cooling water pipe 64, and at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the absorption chiller 58, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump water heater 68, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump water heater 68 is constant. A temperature adjustment mechanism comprising temperature detectors 75, 77, 79 and a three-way control valve 71 for adjusting the heat source flow rate entering the vessel 68 is provided. 73 is a controller, 83 is a cooling water pipe from the cooling tower 60, and the cooling water pipe 64 from the heat pump water heater 68 joins and flows into the absorber 50.

上記の構成において、温度検出器７５と三方制御弁７１で吸収式冷凍機５８の吸収器５０に入る冷却水温度が調節され、温度検出器７７と三方制御弁７１で凝縮器５４からの冷却水出口温度（ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の入口熱源温度）が調節され、温度検出器７９と三方制御弁７１でヒートポンプ給湯器６８の出口熱源温度が調節される。他の構成及び作用は実施例１の場合と同様である。   In the above configuration, the temperature of the cooling water entering the absorber 50 of the absorption refrigerator 58 is adjusted by the temperature detector 75 and the three-way control valve 71, and the cooling water from the condenser 54 is adjusted by the temperature detector 77 and the three-way control valve 71. The outlet temperature (inlet heat source temperature of the heat pump water heater 68) is adjusted, and the outlet heat source temperature of the heat pump water heater 68 is adjusted by the temperature detector 79 and the three-way control valve 71. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

図３は、本発明の実施例３における冷凍・空調装置を示している。本実施例は、ヒートポンプ熱源出口流体を冷却水として、吸収器５０もしくは凝縮器５４にのみ流すか、又は吸収器５０及び凝縮器５４に並列に流すように構成したものである。   FIG. 3 shows a refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the heat pump heat source outlet fluid is used as cooling water, and is flowed only to the absorber 50 or the condenser 54, or is flowed in parallel to the absorber 50 and the condenser 54.

すなわち、図３に示すように、吸収器５０、再生器５２、凝縮器５４及び蒸発器５６を少なくとも備え、吸収器５０及び凝縮器５４へ冷却塔からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機５８であって、凝縮器５４の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器６８及び冷却塔６０とを三方制御弁７１を備えた熱源水管６９を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８の出口と吸収器５０及び凝縮器５４とを冷却水管６４、８３、９５を介して接続し、吸収器５０の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器６８及び冷却塔６０とを三方制御弁８５を備えた熱源水管６９、９７を介して接続し、吸収式冷凍機５８に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器６８を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器６８に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器７５、９１、９３、７９及び三方制御弁７１、８５からなる温度調節機構を備えている。８７は制御器、９９は冷却水ポンプである。他の構成及び作用は実施例１、２の場合と同様である。   That is, as shown in FIG. 3, an absorption refrigeration including at least an absorber 50, a regenerator 52, a condenser 54 and an evaporator 56, and allowing cooling water from the cooling tower to flow to the absorber 50 and the condenser 54. 58, the outlet of the condenser 54 and the heat pump water heater 68 and the cooling tower 60 are connected via a heat source water pipe 69 provided with a three-way control valve 71, and the outlet of the heat pump water heater 68, the absorber 50 and the condenser. The condenser 54 is connected via cooling water pipes 64, 83, 95, and the outlet of the absorber 50 is connected to the heat pump water heater 68 and the cooling tower 60 via heat source water pipes 69, 97 having a three-way control valve 85. The heat pump water heater so that at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the absorption refrigerator 58, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump water heater 68, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump water heater 68 is constant. And a temperature adjusting mechanism comprising a temperature detector 75,91,93,79 and the three-way control valve 71,85 for regulating the heat source flow rate entering the 8. 87 is a controller, 99 is a cooling water pump. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first and second embodiments.

本実施例は、図４に示すように、吸収式冷凍機５８の再生器５２と、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８とを、貯湯槽７０及び給湯管７４を介して接続し、この貯湯槽７０に熱交換器７８を介して太陽熱集熱器８０を接続したものである。８２は熱媒体循環管、８４は湯循環ポンプ、８６は湯循環管である。   In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a regenerator 52 of an absorption refrigerator 58 and a heat pump water heater 68 are connected via a hot water tank 70 and a hot water pipe 74, and heat exchange with the hot water tank 70 is performed. A solar heat collector 80 is connected via a vessel 78. 82 is a heat medium circulation pipe, 84 is a hot water circulation pump, and 86 is a hot water circulation pipe.

このように構成された装置において、太陽熱集熱器８０により発生した温水並びにヒートポンプにより発生した温水を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に使用する。
図４は、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプの熱を全量、吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源として用いる場合を示しているが、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプの熱の一部を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に用い、ガス、油、水蒸気等の他の熱源と併用してもよい。 In the apparatus configured as described above, the hot water generated by the solar heat collector 80 and the hot water generated by the heat pump are used as a driving heat source for the absorption chiller 58.
FIG. 4 shows a case where the heat from the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is used as a driving heat source for the absorption chiller 58, but part of the heat from the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is absorbed by the absorption chiller. It may be used as a driving heat source of 58 and may be used in combination with other heat sources such as gas, oil, and water vapor.

また、図４は、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプで発生した温水を用いる場合を示しているが、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプによって発生した水蒸気を用いてもよい。また、バックアップとしてボイラの熱を用いてもよい。
図４は、一例として、単効用形（一重効用形）吸収式冷凍機の場合を示しているが、二重効用、三重効用、多重効用形吸収式冷凍機にも、本発明を勿論適用することができる。他の構成及び作用は実施例１の場合と同様である。 Moreover, although FIG. 4 has shown the case where the hot water which generate | occur | produced with the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is used, you may use the water vapor | steam generated with the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump. Moreover, you may use the heat of a boiler as a backup.
FIG. 4 shows the case of a single effect type (single effect type) absorption refrigerator as an example, but the present invention is naturally applied to a double effect, triple effect and multiple effect absorption refrigerator. be able to. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

本実施例は、図５に示すように、吸収式冷凍機５８の再生器５２と、ヒートポンプ給湯器６８とを、貯湯槽７０及び給湯管７４を介して接続し、この貯湯槽７０に熱交換器７８を介して太陽熱集熱器８０を接続したものである。８２は熱媒体循環管、８４は湯循環ポンプ、８６は湯循環管である。   In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the regenerator 52 of the absorption refrigerator 58 and the heat pump water heater 68 are connected via a hot water tank 70 and a hot water pipe 74, and heat exchange with the hot water tank 70 is performed. A solar heat collector 80 is connected via a vessel 78. 82 is a heat medium circulation pipe, 84 is a hot water circulation pump, and 86 is a hot water circulation pipe.

このように構成された装置において、太陽熱集熱器８０により発生した温水並びにヒートポンプにより発生した温水を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に使用する。
図５は、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプの熱を全量、吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源として用いる場合を示しているが、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプの熱の一部を吸収式冷凍機５８の駆動熱源に用い、ガス、油、水蒸気等の他の熱源と併用してもよい。 In the apparatus configured as described above, the hot water generated by the solar heat collector 80 and the hot water generated by the heat pump are used as a driving heat source for the absorption chiller 58.
FIG. 5 shows a case where all the heat from the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is used as a driving heat source for the absorption chiller 58, but part of the heat from the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is absorbed by the absorption chiller. It may be used as a driving heat source of 58 and may be used in combination with other heat sources such as gas, oil, and water vapor.

また、図５は、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプで発生した温水を用いる場合を示しているが、太陽熱集熱器８０及びヒートポンプによって発生した水蒸気を用いてもよい。また、バックアップとしてボイラの熱を用いてもよい。
図５は、一例として、単効用形（一重効用形）吸収式冷凍機の場合を示しているが、二重効用、三重効用、多重効用形吸収式冷凍機にも、本発明を勿論適用することができる。他の構成及び作用は実施例２の場合と同様である。 Moreover, although FIG. 5 has shown the case where the hot water which generate | occur | produced with the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump is used, you may use the water vapor | steam generate | occur | produced with the solar heat collector 80 and the heat pump. Moreover, you may use the heat of a boiler as a backup.
FIG. 5 shows the case of a single effect type (single effect type) absorption refrigerator as an example, but the present invention is naturally applied to a double effect, triple effect and multiple effect absorption refrigerator. be able to. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the second embodiment.

なお、実施例１〜５では、吸収式冷凍機の場合について説明したが、吸収式冷凍機の代りに吸着式冷凍機及びデシカント空調機のいずれかとすることも可能である。   In addition, although Example 1-5 demonstrated the case of the absorption-type refrigerator, it can also be set as either an adsorption-type refrigerator and a desiccant air conditioner instead of an absorption refrigerator.

図２に示す冷凍・空調装置において、表１に示すようなエネルギーバランスとすることにより、図６に示すような各所の温度にすることができた。   In the refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus shown in FIG. 2, by setting the energy balance as shown in Table 1, it was possible to obtain temperatures at various places as shown in FIG.

Figure 0005583435
Figure 0005583435

ヒートポンプにより熱を吸収され温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、さらには、ヒートポンプや太陽熱集熱器により発生した温水又は水蒸気を吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用することにより、ＣＯ2 排出量の小さな冷凍・空調システムを提供することができる。 A heat source that has absorbed heat by the heat pump and has a reduced temperature is used as at least a part of the cooling source of the absorption refrigeration machine, and further, hot water or water vapor generated by the heat pump or solar heat collector is used as a driving heat source for the absorption refrigeration machine By using it for at least a part of it, it is possible to provide a refrigeration / air-conditioning system with small CO 2 emission.

１０ 吸収器
１２ 熱交換器
１４ 再生器
２２ 凝縮器
２４ 蒸発器
３２ 吸収液ポンプ
３６ 冷媒ポンプ
３８ 冷却水ポンプ
４０ 冷水ポンプ
５０ 吸収器
５２ 再生器
５４ 凝縮器
５６ 蒸発器
５８ 吸収式冷凍機
６０ 冷却塔
６２ 冷凍・空調負荷
６４ 冷却水管
６５ 冷却水ポンプ
６６ 冷水ポンプ
６８ ヒートポンプ給湯器
６９、８１、９７ 熱源水管
７０ 貯湯槽
７１、８５ 三方制御弁
７２ 温水管
７３、８７ 制御器
７４ 給湯管
７５、７７、７９、９１、９３ 温度検出器
７６ 温水ポンプ
７８ 熱交換器
８０ 太陽熱集熱器
８２ 熱媒体循環管
８３、９５ 冷却水管
８４ 湯循環ポンプ
８６ 湯循環管
９９ 冷却水ポンプ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Absorber 12 Heat exchanger 14 Regenerator 22 Condenser 24 Evaporator 32 Absorption liquid pump 36 Refrigerant pump 38 Cooling water pump 40 Cold water pump 50 Absorber 52 Regenerator 54 Condenser 56 Evaporator 58 Absorption type refrigerator 60 Cooling tower 62 Refrigeration / air conditioning load 64 Cooling water pipe 65 Cooling water pump 66 Cooling water pump 68 Heat pump water heater 69, 81, 97 Heat source water pipe 70 Hot water storage tank 71, 85 Three-way control valve 72 Hot water pipe 73, 87 Controller 74 Hot water pipe 75, 77, 79, 91, 93 Temperature detector 76 Hot water pump 78 Heat exchanger 80 Solar collector 82 Heat medium circulation pipe 83, 95 Cooling water pipe 84 Hot water circulation pump 86 Hot water circulation pipe 99 Cooling water pump

Claims (12)

ヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用するとともに、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、冷凍機に入る冷却源温度、ヒートポンプに入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプを出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるように、ヒートポンプに入る熱源流量を温度調節機構により調節することを特徴とする冷凍・空調方法。 One of hot water and steam generated by heat Toponpu with use at least a portion of the driving heat source of the absorption type refrigerator, at least the heat source of the pumped heat to decrease the temperature by the heat pump of the absorption chiller cooling source The temperature control mechanism is used to adjust the heat source flow rate entering the heat pump so that at least one of the cooling source temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump is constant. A characteristic refrigeration and air conditioning method. ヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用するとともに、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、ヒートポンプの熱源出口流体を冷却水として吸収器及び凝縮器のいずれかにのみ流し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプに入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプを出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるように、ヒートポンプに入る熱源流量を温度調節機構により調節することを特徴とする冷凍・空調方法。Either hot water or water vapor generated by the heat pump is used as at least a part of the driving heat source of the absorption chiller, and at least one of the cooling sources of the absorption chiller is a heat source that has been heated up by the heat pump and has fallen in temperature. The heat pump outlet fluid of the heat pump is used as cooling water only in either the absorber or the condenser, and at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump is A refrigeration / air-conditioning method characterized by adjusting a heat source flow rate entering a heat pump by a temperature adjustment mechanism so as to be constant. ヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを吸収式冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用するとともに、ヒートポンプにより熱をくみ上げられて温度の低下した熱源を吸収式冷凍機の冷却源の少なくとも一部に利用し、ヒートポンプの熱源出口流体を冷却水として吸収器及び凝縮器に並列に流し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプに入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプを出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるように、ヒートポンプに入る熱源流量を温度調節機構により調節することを特徴とする冷凍・空調方法。Either hot water or water vapor generated by the heat pump is used as at least a part of the driving heat source of the absorption chiller, and at least one of the cooling sources of the absorption chiller is a heat source that has been heated up by the heat pump and has fallen in temperature. The heat pump outlet fluid of the heat pump is used as cooling water in parallel to the absorber and condenser, and at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump is constant. The refrigeration / air-conditioning method is characterized in that the flow rate of the heat source entering the heat pump is adjusted by a temperature adjustment mechanism. 熱源が液体によって循環する請求項１、２又は３記載の冷凍・空調方法。 The refrigeration / air conditioning method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the heat source is circulated by liquid. 冷却塔などの冷却手段を併設して、冷却源を冷却する請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の冷凍・空調方法。 The refrigeration / air-conditioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a cooling means such as a cooling tower is additionally provided to cool the cooling source . 太陽熱集熱器とヒートポンプにより発生した温水及び水蒸気のいずれかを冷凍機の駆動熱源の少なくとも一部に使用する請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の冷凍・空調方法。 The refrigeration / air conditioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein any one of hot water and water vapor generated by a solar heat collector and a heat pump is used as at least a part of a driving heat source of the refrigerator. 吸収式冷凍機の代りに吸着式冷凍機及びデシカント空調機のいずれかを用いる請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の冷凍・空調方法。 Refrigeration and air conditioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, using any of the adsorption refrigerating machine and desiccant air conditioner in place of the absorption chiller. 吸収器、再生器、凝縮器及び蒸発器を少なくとも備え、吸収器から凝縮器へ冷却塔からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機において、凝縮器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器の出口と吸収器とを冷却水管を介して接続し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器及び三方制御弁からなる温度調節機構を備えたことを特徴とする冷凍・空調装置。   An absorption refrigerator comprising at least an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator, wherein the cooling water from the cooling tower flows from the absorber to the condenser, the outlet of the condenser, the heat pump water heater, and the cooling tower; Are connected via a heat source water pipe with a three-way control valve, the outlet of the heat pump water heater and the absorber are connected via a cooling water pipe, the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump water heater and the heat pump A refrigeration / heating system comprising a temperature detector and a three-way control valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat source entering the heat pump water heater so that at least one of the heat source temperatures exiting the water heater is constant. Air conditioner. 吸収器、再生器、凝縮器及び蒸発器を少なくとも備え、吸収器及び凝縮器へ冷却塔からの冷却水を流すようにした吸収式冷凍機であって、凝縮器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、ヒートポンプ給湯器の出口と吸収器及び凝縮器とを冷却水管を介して接続し、吸収器の出口とヒートポンプ給湯器及び冷却塔とを三方制御弁を備えた熱源水管を介して接続し、冷凍機に入る冷却水温度、ヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源温度及びヒートポンプ給湯器を出る熱源温度の少なくともいずれかが一定になるようにヒートポンプ給湯器に入る熱源流量を調節するための温度検出器及び三方制御弁からなる温度調節機構を備えたことを特徴とする冷凍・空調装置。   An absorption refrigeration machine comprising at least an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser and an evaporator, wherein the cooling water from the cooling tower is allowed to flow to the absorber and the condenser, the condenser outlet, the heat pump water heater and the cooling The tower is connected via a heat source water pipe equipped with a three-way control valve, the outlet of the heat pump water heater is connected to the absorber and the condenser via a cooling water pipe, and the outlet of the absorber is connected to the heat pump water heater and the cooling tower. Heat pump hot water supply so that at least one of the cooling water temperature entering the refrigerator, the heat source temperature entering the heat pump water heater, and the heat source temperature exiting the heat pump water heater is constant. A refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus comprising a temperature detector for adjusting a flow rate of a heat source entering the chamber and a temperature adjustment mechanism including a three-way control valve. 吸収式冷凍機の再生器と、ヒートポンプ給湯器に温水管を介して接続された貯湯槽とを、給湯管及び水蒸気供給管のいずれかを介して接続した請求項８又は９記載の冷凍・空調装置。 The refrigerating / air conditioning system according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein the regenerator of the absorption chiller and the hot water storage tank connected to the heat pump water heater via a hot water pipe are connected via either a hot water pipe or a steam supply pipe. apparatus. 吸収式冷凍機の再生器と、ヒートポンプ給湯器とを、貯湯槽及び給湯管を介して接続し、この貯湯槽に熱交換器を介して太陽熱集熱器を接続した請求項８、９又は１０記載の冷凍・空調装置。 And absorption refrigerator of the regenerator, a heat pump water heater, connected through a hot water tank and hot water supply pipe, according to claim 8, 9 or 10 to connect the solar heat collector through the heat exchanger in the hot water storage tank The refrigeration / air-conditioning apparatus described. 吸収式冷凍機の代りに吸着式冷凍機及びデシカント空調機のいずれかを設ける請求項８〜１１のいずれかに記載の冷凍・空調装置。 The refrigeration / air conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11 , wherein any one of an adsorption chiller and a desiccant air conditioner is provided instead of the absorption chiller.
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