JP5480414B2 - Vibration power generation cable, manufacturing method thereof, and vibration power generation body - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibration power generation cable or the like using an electret dielectric.

  Conventionally, electrical energy includes vibrations of structures such as roads, bridges, buildings, and industrial machines, vibrations of moving bodies such as automobiles, railway vehicles, and aircraft, and environmental vibrations that are universally present in human movement and the environment. Attempts have been made to make effective use by converting to.

  Such power generation methods for converting vibration energy into electricity can be broadly divided into a method using electromagnetic induction, a method using piezoelectric elements, and a method using electrostatic induction. The system using electromagnetic induction is a system in which the relative position between the coil and the magnet is changed by vibration and power is generated by electromagnetic induction generated in the coil. The method using a piezoelectric element mainly uses a ceramic-based piezoelectric element and utilizes a phenomenon in which charges are induced on the surface of the piezoelectric element when strain is applied to the piezoelectric element by vibration.

  In general, an electret dielectric that holds a charge semipermanently is used for a system that uses electrostatic induction. By changing the relative position of the electret dielectric and the electrode disposed at a distance from the dielectric by vibration or the like, electric charges are electrostatically induced in the electrode, and power generation is performed. A power generation device using such a principle is described in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.

JP 2010-136598 A JP 2000-50394 A

  In the vibration power generation apparatus described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of strip-shaped base electrodes are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of a fixed substrate, and electrets are formed on the respective base electrodes. The movable substrate faces the surface of the fixed substrate on which the electret is disposed, and is disposed in parallel with a predetermined gap. Further, a strip-shaped counter electrode is formed on the counter surface of the movable substrate so as to oppose the base electrode. When vibration is applied, the movable substrate moves in parallel while maintaining a distance from the fixed substrate. Therefore, the relative position between the electret and the counter electrode changes in a parallel direction. At this time, electric power can be electrostatically induced in each electrode to generate power.

  Patent Document 2 describes an electret condenser microphone that converts sound waves into electrical signals. In an electret condenser microphone, an electret dielectric film is formed on a cup-shaped back electrode that is a fixed electrode, and a vibration film that is a counter electrode is formed on the side facing the electret dielectric film. Further, the gap between the electret dielectric film and the vibration film is held by a spacer. When the sound wave propagates from the center hole and the vibration film vibrates, the relative position between the vibration film and the electret dielectric film changes. At this time, a charge is electrostatically induced in each electrode. The electric signal thus obtained can be output after signal amplification and impedance conversion.

  However, it is difficult for the power generation method described above to correspond to a wide range and various forms of attachment sites. For example, in the devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and methods using electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric elements, each member is formed in a substantially rigid manner, so that it is inferior in flexibility such as changing the shape according to the attachment site. .

  In addition, ceramic piezoelectric elements and polymer piezoelectric films are expensive and are not suitable for placement in a large area. Moreover, in order to arrange | position in a large area, it is necessary to arrange | position many electric power generation bodies, the number of parts increases, and it causes a cost increase and a weight increase.

  Moreover, since the linearity of the input sound wave and the output electric signal is important for the electret condenser microphone as in Patent Document 2, the obtained electric signal is small and the impedance of the power generation unit is high. For this reason, the electricity generated by the power generation unit is amplified by the semiconductor circuit and subjected to impedance conversion. Therefore, an external power source for driving the semiconductor circuit is necessary, and the generated electric energy cannot be effectively used in the first place.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a vibration power generation cable or the like that can be applied to various forms of installation locations and has high power generation efficiency.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the first invention includes a center electrode, an electret dielectric layer that is provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode and retains electric charge, and an external electrode that is provided on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer. And a covering portion that covers the outer periphery of the external electrode, and when an external force is applied, at least part of the distance between the center electrode and the external electrode can be changed. It is a power generation cable.

  By setting it as such a structure, the vibration electric power generation cable with a high installation freedom can be obtained. Moreover, since at least partial deformation of the interface shape between the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer is possible by an external force, power generation can be performed by changing the relative position between the center electrode and the external electrode.

  The external force is not limited to a force that mechanically contacts another substance with the vibration power generation cable and deforms the vibration power generation cable. For example, it is possible to deform the vibration power generation cable by repeatedly applying it to the vibration power generation cable, such as vibration of the structure itself generated at the vibration power generation cable attachment part, external sound wave or air pressure change, wind (air flow), water flow, etc. It refers to the force acting on the vibration power generation cable from the outside. This external force may be minute. In addition, the vibration in the vibration power generation cable is not limited to the one whose amplitude or frequency is constant, but refers to one that can apply external force (including inertial force) repeatedly or irregularly. .

  In addition, a non-joining portion that is not joined to each other is formed between at least one of the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer, and when an external force is applied, at least a part of the non-joining portion. The distance between the electret dielectric layer and the center electrode or the external electrode is preferably variable.

  With such a configuration, when the vibration power generation cable receives an external force, the distance between the electret dielectric layer and the center electrode or the external electrode is reduced at the non-joint portion between the electret dielectric layer and the center electrode or the external electrode. They change in the thickness direction, and according to this, electric charge is electrostatically induced in each electrode, and power generation can be performed.

  The center electrode may be formed of a hollow conductor. Moreover, the said center electrode may be formed with an elastic body and the conductor part provided in the outer periphery of the said elastic body.

  With such a configuration, the center electrode can be easily deformed. As a result, the vibration power generation cable is easily deformed by an external force, thereby increasing the power generation output. Moreover, if an elastic body is provided inside, a higher shape restoring force can be obtained.

  The electret dielectric layer may be formed by winding an electrically insulating tape-like member around the outer periphery of the center electrode.

  Further, when the tape-like member is wound, a gap is formed between the wound tape-like members, and when an electric field (voltage) is applied in the thickness direction of the electret dielectric layer, the gap in the electret dielectric layer It is easy to cause air discharge in the portion, and the electret dielectric layer can be easily charged.

  Further, a gap (gap) may be formed by partially providing a spacer between at least one of the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer.

  By doing so, a predetermined gap length can be maintained between at least one of the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer. For this reason, it is possible to secure an allowance for changing the distance (gap length) between the center electrode or external electrode and the electret dielectric layer due to external force. In addition, by optimizing the spacing and thickness of the spacers, the distance change amount between the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer can be improved with respect to the external force, and contact and peeling can be repeated. . Therefore, when an external force or vibration is applied to the vibration power generation cable, a change in distance (change in gap length) between the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer becomes large, so that power generation efficiency is improved. be able to.

  The spacer may be a wire provided between the center electrode and the electret dielectric layer or between at least one of the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer.

  By doing in this way, a spacer can be easily arrange | positioned between a center electrode and an electret dielectric material layer, or between an external electrode and an electret dielectric material layer.

  The spacer is partially formed on at least one surface of the opposing surface of the center electrode and the electret dielectric layer or at least one surface of the opposing surface of the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer. It may be a convex part.

  By doing so, since the spacer can be formed by the convex portion formed on the surface of the electret dielectric layer or the electrode itself, it is not necessary to separately use a member constituting the spacer. Therefore, the number of parts can be reduced, and the formation and arrangement of spacers are easy.

  2nd invention is the vibration electric power generation body characterized by sandwiching the vibration electric power generation cable concerning 1st invention between a pair of plate-shaped members.

  By setting it as such a structure, an external force can be uniformly provided with respect to the whole vibration electric power generation cable. For this reason, power generation efficiency is high.

  Further, a plurality of the vibration power generation cables may be sandwiched between a pair of the plate-like members.

  By adopting such a configuration, when the external force applied to the plate-like member differs depending on the part, or when the timing at which the external force is applied is different, the vibration power generation cables arranged at the respective parts are applied to the respective external forces. Power can be generated accordingly. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the cancellation of the power generation output, which is expected when one vibration power generation cable is disposed and sandwiched between the plate-like members.

  A plurality of the vibration power generation cables may be stacked in the thickness direction between the pair of plate-like members.

  With such a configuration, many vibration power generation cables can be installed in a limited area. Therefore, power generation can be performed efficiently.

  3rd invention is a manufacturing method of a vibration electric power generation cable, Comprising: A tubular high voltage electrode, a plurality of discharge electrodes formed in the inner peripheral surface of the high voltage electrode, and the discharge electrode inside the high voltage electrode A cable material comprising a center electrode and an electret dielectric layer provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode, using a tubular grid electrode disposed coaxially with the high-voltage electrode and maintaining a predetermined distance, The grid electrode is arranged inside the grid electrode while maintaining a predetermined distance coaxially, the center electrode is set as a reference potential, a first power source is connected between the center electrode and the grid electrode, A second power source is connected between a center electrode and the high-voltage electrode, the first power source and the second power source have the same polarity of output voltage, and the output voltage of the second power source is the first voltage. Higher than the output voltage of the power supply Wherein a method for manufacturing a vibration power cable, which comprises charged electret dielectric layer by generating corona discharge between the high voltage electrode and the grid electrode.

  With such a configuration, the electret dielectric layer of the vibration power generation cable can be uniformly and reliably charged in the longitudinal direction of the vibration power generation cable. Further, since the electret dielectric layer can be charged as a series of steps after the electret dielectric layer is formed on the outer periphery of the center electrode of the vibration power generation cable, the productivity is excellent.

  In the present application, the term “electret dielectric layer” may be used not only for the charged state but also for the base material before the charging process.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is possible to apply to the installation place of various forms, and a vibration electric power generation cable etc. with high electric power generation efficiency can be provided.

Sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 1. FIG. The figure which shows the electrification state of the electret dielectric material layer 5. FIG. The enlarged view which shows the electrification state of the electret dielectric material layer 5a. The conceptual diagram which shows the deformation | transformation state of the external electrode. The conceptual diagram which shows the distance change between both in the non-joining part of the electret dielectric material layer 5 and the external electrode 7. FIG. The figure which shows the change of the electric power generation output voltage of a vibration electric power generation cable. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 1a, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 1b. The figure which shows the structure which forms the electret dielectric material layer 5 with the resin tape 11. FIG. FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing the charging processing device 20. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the charging apparatus 20 and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line FF of FIG. The figure which shows the vibration electric power generation apparatus 50 comprised by the vibration electric power generation cable 1, the rectifier circuit 47, and the electrical storage circuit 49. FIG. It is a figure which shows the vibration electric power generation body, (a) is a side view, (b) is the GG sectional view taken on the line of (a). The figure which shows the vibration electric power generation body 40a. The figure which shows the vibration electric power generation body 40b. The figure which shows the vibration electric power generating apparatus 50a. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60a, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60b. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60c, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60d. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60e, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the vibration electric power generation cable 60f.

<Embodiment 1>
Hereinafter, a vibration power generation cable 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the vibration power generation cable 1 mainly includes a center electrode 3, an electret dielectric layer 5, an external electrode 7, a covering portion 9, and the like.

  A center electrode 3 is provided at the center of the vibration power generation cable 1. An electret dielectric layer 5 is provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode 3. An external electrode 7 is provided on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5. That is, the electret dielectric layer 5 is sandwiched between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. A covering portion 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the external electrode 7. Thus, the vibration power generation cable 1 is a cable in which the center electrode 3, the electret dielectric layer 5, the external electrode 7, and the covering portion 9 are arranged coaxially.

  When an external force is applied, at least the interface shape between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 can be partially deformed in a cross section orthogonal to the length direction of the vibration power generation cable 1. Moreover, the center electrode 3, the electret dielectric layer 5, and the external electrode 7 have flexibility, respectively, and the vibration power generation cable 1 can be bent and deformed into an arbitrary form.

  The center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 are preferably made of a material having high conductivity, but may be a semiconductive material. As the conductive material, for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, tin, iron, or an alloy thereof can be used. In addition, the surface of these metals may be plated with tin, silver, zinc, nickel or the like.

  The center electrode 3 may be formed by, for example, twisting a single core conductor wire or a plurality of conductor strands. Further, the external electrode 7 can be formed by, for example, a metal braided wire, a metal tape winding, a spiral winding of a conductor wire, or the like, but considering flexibility and durability due to external force, a metal braid A line is desirable.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the electret dielectric layer 5 is positively charged on the center electrode 3 side, which is the inner surface side, and negatively charged on the outer electrode 7 side, which is the outer surface side. That is, both surfaces of the electret dielectric layer 5 are semi-permanently charged with charges of opposite polarities. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the electret dielectric layer 5 may be negatively charged on the center electrode 3 side which is the inner surface side and positively charged on the outer electrode 7 side which is the outer surface side. Note that it is sufficient that there is a surface potential difference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5. For example, even if only one surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged with one polarity. Alternatively, the charge of either polarity may be charged on both surfaces of the electret dielectric layer 5. Such an electret dielectric layer 5 can be formed by performing a predetermined charging process, and details of the charging process will be described later.

  As a material of the electret dielectric layer 5, for example, a resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyvinyl chloride can be used. Further, depending on the use conditions, for example, a polyimide-based resin or a fluorine-based resin (for example, fluoroethylenepropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene) having excellent high-temperature characteristics can be used. As the rubber material, for example, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, acrylic rubber, urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine-based rubber, and the like can be used.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the electret dielectric material layer 5a which consists of a porous material can also be used. When voltage is applied to both surfaces of a porous material having fine pores 4 therein, corona discharge easily occurs in the pores 4. By this corona discharge, the electret dielectric layer 5a charged also in the hole wall surface and in the vicinity of the hole wall surface can be easily manufactured. As shown in FIG. 3, the electret dielectric layer 5a is charged with positive charges in the voltage application direction (in this case, the thickness direction of the electret dielectric layer 5a). It is considered that a negatively charged region is formed. Further, if the holes 4 are present inside the electret dielectric layer 5a, the electret dielectric layer 5a can be easily deformed. For this reason, the thickness of the electret dielectric layer 5a can be easily changed with a smaller external force. For this reason, power generation efficiency can be improved. In the following description, an example using the electret dielectric layer 5 will be described.

  Next, the power generation mechanism of the vibration power generation cable 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4A, for example, in a steady state (a state in which no external force is applied; the same applies hereinafter), the thickness of the electret dielectric layer 5 is between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. The distance is kept.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4B, for example, when a compressive force (force in the direction of arrow A in the figure) is applied from the outside, the mutual interface shape of the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 is changed. Partially deform. Therefore, the distance between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 changes. At this time, according to the relative position change between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7, electric charges having different polarities are induced in the respective electrodes to generate electric power.

  As described above, the mechanism by which charges are induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 is considered as follows. On both surfaces of the electret dielectric layer 5, the dipole moment of the dipole formed by charges charged with different polarities changes as the electret dielectric layer 5 is deformed. At this time, it is considered that charges having opposite polarities are induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 disposed on the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the electret dielectric layer 5, respectively.

  Moreover, since the relative position of the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 changes partially, the electrostatic capacitance between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 changes. Therefore, it is considered that the electric charge induced in each electrode changes due to the presence of the electret dielectric layer 5 to generate power.

  Actually, the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 are different from each other in that the amount of charge to be charged is different between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the electret dielectric layer 5 and that the constituent members are arranged coaxially. The mechanism by which charges are induced is complicated. However, regardless of which mechanism is assumed, the polarities of the charges induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 are different from those in the case where the distance between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 is deformed. It becomes reverse polarity when it is deformed. For example, in the process in which the vibration power generation cable 1 is pressed (in the compression direction, direction A in FIG. 4B) and deformed, the polarity of the charge induced in each electrode, and the pressure is released to the original state In the process of returning to (the state of FIG. 4A), the polarity is opposite to the polarity of the charge induced in each electrode.

  On the other hand, even when an external force is applied to the vibration power generation cable 1, the amount of charge induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 is reduced in a state where the shape of the vibration power generation cable 1 does not change (a state in which the deformation stops). Does not change. Therefore, the vibration power generation cable 1 does not generate power. For example, when the impedance of the external circuit electrically connected to the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 is very high, if the impedance is infinite, the charge does not flow through the external circuit. The potential difference between the external electrode 7 and the external electrode 7 is maintained, but no power generation is performed. On the other hand, when the impedance of the external circuit connected between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 is low, charge flows through the external circuit, so the potential difference between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 becomes zero. There is no power generation. From the above, the output voltage obtained from the vibration power generation cable 1 when a repeated external force change (including vibration) is applied is an AC voltage.

  In addition, it is desirable that a non-bonded portion is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and at least one of the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7. That is, it is desirable that the electret dielectric layer 5 can be easily peeled from the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. Further, the electret dielectric layer 5 may not be completely in contact with the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, and a gap may be partially formed.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, a gap (gap) may be partially formed in the non-joint portion between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5. For example, part C in FIG. 5A shows a state in which the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 are separated and a gap 6 is generated therebetween.

  From this state, for example, when an external force change in the radial direction (in the direction of arrow B in the figure) of the vibration power generation cable 1 occurs and the mutual interface shape between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 is partially deformed, FIG. ), The contact state at the non-joined portion between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 changes. For example, part C of FIG. 5B shows a state in which the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 shown in part C of FIG. Yes. That is, the mutual distance between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 partially changes, and thus the mutual distance between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 partially changes.

  By doing in this way, in the interface in the non-junction part of the electret dielectric material layer 5, and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, the area | region where a mutual contact and peeling or friction arise at the time of a deformation | transformation of the vibration power generation cable 1 is formed. Can do. At this time, electric charges are induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7, and power generation can be performed.

  As described above, the mechanism by which the charge is induced in each electrode by changing the contact state at the non-junction portion between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 is considered as follows.

  The first is that the surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 and the surface of the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 are repeatedly contacted and separated from each other at the non-joint portion between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7. The distance between and changes repeatedly. Further, by repeating peeling and contact with each other, formation and disappearance of voids are repeated between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7. At that time, it is considered that charges having different polarities are induced in each electrode by electrostatic induction.

  Second, a phenomenon in which charging occurs when contact, peeling, or friction occurs between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 when they contact each other, peeling, or friction (such as peeling charging, contact charging, friction charging). Is generated, and electric charges are respectively induced in the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 to generate electric power. Note that the charging phenomenon when different substances come into contact with each other, peel off, and friction is a complicated phenomenon because the charge amount and polarity differ depending on the state and conditions at that time. Therefore, in the present invention, it is considered that the former is dominant in the mechanism in which charges are induced in each electrode in accordance with the change in the contact state between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7.

  In addition, the inventors contacted and peeled the electret dielectric layer 5 and each electrode from each other in a non-bonded state, rather than the case where the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 are completely bonded. It has been found that the power generation output voltage is larger when it is possible. Therefore, in the vibration power generation cable 1 in which the non-junction portion is provided between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, it is caused by the change of the dipole moment accompanying the deformation of the electret dielectric layer 5 described above. It is considered that the power generation accompanying the change in the contact state (change in the gap length of the gap) at the non-joined portion between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 is more dominant than the power generation.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a result of evaluating the relationship between the deformation of the vibration power generation cable 1 and the power generation output voltage, where the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the power generation output voltage. In the vibration power generation cable 1, a copper wire having a diameter of 1 mm was used for the center electrode 3, and the electret dielectric layer 5 was provided by extruding and covering polyethylene having a thickness of about 1 mm on the center electrode. A tin-plated copper braided wire was used for the external electrode 7, and polyvinyl chloride having a thickness of about 0.5 mm was used for the covering portion 9. In addition to the polyethylene, the electret dielectric layer 5 is made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, silicone rubber, and ethylene propylene rubber extruded on the center electrode 3 with a thickness of about 1 mm, and the vibration power generation cable 1 having the same configuration is used. Was similarly evaluated.

  The obtained vibration power generation cable 1 was subjected to polarization charging of the electret dielectric layer 5 by applying a DC voltage of 30 kV for 1 hour between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 at room temperature. Regarding the polarity of the DC voltage, both the case where the center electrode 3 side is the negative electrode and the external electrode 7 side is the positive electrode and the opposite case are evaluated. Further, in any vibration power generation cable 1, the electret dielectric layer 5, the center electrode 3, and the external electrode 7 are in a non-joined state, and deformation, deformation, or friction between the vibration power generation cable 1 may occur. Is possible. Here, for the sake of simplicity, the deformation of the vibration power generation cable 1 in FIG. 6 will be described by focusing on the change in the interface shape and contact state between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 (change in gap length of the gap). The relationship of the power generation output voltage will be described.

  FIG. 6 shows an example in which a power generation output waveform is observed with an oscilloscope when a pressing force is applied to the vibration power generation cable 1 and the pressing force is removed after holding for a certain time. Here, the input impedance of the oscilloscope was DC 1 MΩ. In addition, as the power generation output voltage of the vibration power generation cable, the potential of the electrode facing the surface side where the negative charge of the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged was used as the reference potential.

  First, in the steady state, power generation is not performed when the interface shape and the contact state between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 are not changed. From this state, when the vibration power generation cable 1 is pressed and deformed, the interface shape between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 in the area subjected to the pressure changes, for example, part C in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in the portion where the gap is formed, the distance between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 becomes small as shown in part C of FIG. To do. At the same time, in the pressed area, the distance between the external electrode 7 and the center electrode 3 also changes in the direction of decreasing. At this time, a positive voltage is generated as the power generation output voltage of the vibration power generation cable 1 (I in the figure).

  Thereafter, in the state where the vibration power generation cable 1 is pressed, the shape change of the vibration power generation cable 1 is stopped, and accordingly, the change in the interface shape and the contact state between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 is stopped. When the interface shape and the contact state are maintained, the vibration power generation cable 1 does not generate power, and the charges induced in both electrodes flow through the input impedance of the oscilloscope. The generated power output voltage becomes 0 (II in the figure). When the pressure is released from this state, the shape of the vibration power generation cable 1 in the area subjected to the pressure is deformed in a direction to return to the shape in the original steady state, so that the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 The mutual interface shape and contact state are also deformed in a direction to return to the interface shape and contact state in the steady state. That is, the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 are deformed in a peeling direction (changed in a direction in which the gap gap length is increased). At the same time, in the region where the pressure is released, the distance between the external electrode 7 and the center electrode 3 also changes in the increasing direction. As a power generation output voltage at this time, a negative voltage having a polarity opposite to that described above is generated in the vibration power generation cable 1 (III in the figure). Subsequently, when the shape of the vibration power generation cable 1 stops after releasing the pressure, and the change in the mutual interface shape and contact state between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 stops, the vibration power generation cable is the same as described above. The generated output voltage of 1 is 0.

  Thus, in the present invention, the change in the interface shape and contact state between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 or the center electrode 3 in the vibration power generation cable 1 (contact and peeling or change in gap gap length). Power generation can be performed with high efficiency. Such a tendency was the same even when the material of the electret dielectric layer 5 was changed. Further, even when the electret dielectric layer 5 was charged with the opposite polarity, the same tendency was observed. Further, even when a porous material (for example, foamed resin) as shown in FIG. 3 was used as the material of the electret dielectric layer 5, the same tendency could be obtained.

  When the vibration power generation cable 1 is repeatedly deformed by an external force, the interface shape between the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 is changed, and contact and peeling are repeated. 3 or the air gap between the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 may occur. When such air discharge occurs, the potential difference between the outer surface and the inner surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 may be reduced. Therefore, power generation may not be performed as the vibration power generation cable 1 is used. However, even if the inventors repeatedly contact and peel the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 from each other, the power generation output of the vibration power generation cable 1 immediately decreases and power generation is performed. We found that it never happened. The occurrence of air discharge in the gap between the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 is due to the relationship between the potential difference between the electrode surface and the surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 and the distance in the gap. It is determined that it will approximately follow Paschen's law. Therefore, the distance between the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 and the electret dielectric layer 5 in the gap and the electrification potential of the electret dielectric layer 5 (potential difference between the outer surface and the inner surface of the electret dielectric layer 5) Is preferably set in a range where no air discharge occurs in Paschen's law.

<Embodiment 2>
As described above, the vibration power generation cable 1 of the present invention can generate power according to deformation caused by an external force. Therefore, it is desirable that the vibration power generation cable 1 be easily deformed. For this reason, you may use the vibration electric power generation cable 1a which has the hollow center electrode 3, as shown to Fig.7 (a). In the vibration power generation cable 1a, since the space 33 is formed inside the center electrode 3, the cross section of the vibration power generation cable 1a can be easily deformed by an external force.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, a vibration power generation cable 1b in which an elastic body 35 is disposed inside the hollow center electrode 3 may be used. As the elastic body, one that can be easily deformed and has a high shape restoring force is desirable. For example, a rubber string member or a wire member can be used. In this case, the center electrode 3 may be formed on the outer surface of the elastic body 35 by metal deposition, metal plating, or the like. Alternatively, the center electrode 3 may be formed by winding a metal tape or a metal wire around the outer periphery of the elastic body 35. Further, the center electrode 3 may be formed by covering the outer circumference of the elastic body 35 with, for example, a copper braided wire in a tubular shape. The cross-sectional shape of the center electrode 3 does not have to be a perfect circle, but may be another shape such as an ellipse.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the vibration power generation cable 1 will be described. In the following description, the vibration power generation cable 1 will be described, but the same applies to other vibration power generation cables. As described above, the electret dielectric layer 5 can be formed by extrusion covering the outer periphery of the center electrode 3. After the electret dielectric layer 5 is extruded and covered, an external electrode 7 is further formed on the outer periphery, and the covering portion 9 may be extruded and covered. Thereafter, a DC voltage may be applied between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 to charge the electret dielectric layer 5. Further, when there is a gap between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, or when voids or holes are dispersed inside the electret dielectric layer 5, the center The electret dielectric layer 5 can also be charged by applying an AC voltage between the electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. In this case, since the AC voltage is more likely to generate air discharge than the DC voltage in the voids and holes, it is easy to form a charged region in the electret dielectric layer 5.

<Embodiment 3>
The electret dielectric layer 5 may be formed by other methods. For example, the resin tape 11 may be formed by winding the resin tape 11 around the center electrode 3 so as to form one layer or a plurality of layers. In this case, as shown to Fig.8 (a), the resin tape 11 may be wound helically so that each edge part may wrap. Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the resin tapes 11 may be spirally wound with a gap 6 therebetween so that a gap is formed between the end portions. Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), the resin tape 11 may be abutted with no gap so as not to form a lap portion or a gap portion at each end, and may be wound spirally. Alternatively, the resin tape 11 may be vertically attached to the center conductor and wound in one or more layers.

  When the resin tape 11 is wound a plurality of times as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the minute gap 6 can be formed inside the electret dielectric layer 5. Similarly, a minute gap 6 can be formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. For this reason, as with the electret dielectric layer 5a (FIG. 3) described above, air discharge is generated in the voids in the electret dielectric layer 5 when an electric field (voltage) is applied in the thickness direction of the electret dielectric layer 5. Therefore, the electret dielectric layer 5 can be easily charged. Further, the electret dielectric layer 5 can be easily deformed. Further, when the vibration power generation cable 1 is repeatedly deformed by an external force, in the gap formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7, the electret dielectric layer 5 and each electrode Changes in interface shape and contact state (contact and delamination or change in gap gap length), that is, changes in distance between the electret dielectric layer 5 and each electrode are likely to occur repeatedly. Induced and can generate electricity.

  The material of the resin tape 11 can be the same as that of the electret dielectric layer 5 described above. Moreover, a porous material (for example, foamed resin) can also be used as the resin tape 11.

<Embodiment 4>
Next, a charging method for the electret dielectric layer 5 will be described. As described above, the electret dielectric layer 5 can be charged by applying a DC voltage between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 after forming the external electrode 7. In this case, since the charging process is performed after the vibration power generation cable 1 is manufactured, existing manufacturing equipment can be used. Note that a gap (non-bonded portion) may be formed or bonded between each electrode and the electret dielectric layer 5.

  When there is no gap between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7, or when the electret dielectric layer 5 and each electrode are joined, the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged. In the case where a charge is injected from each electrode into the electret dielectric layer 5 to form a space charge storage layer, the additive and ionic impurities contained in the electret dielectric layer 5 are caused by the DC electric field in the vicinity of the electrode. It can be considered that the space charge storage layer is formed by moving to. In practice, the phenomenon is complicated, but generally, in the former mechanism, the polarity of the space charge storage layer formed in the electret dielectric layer 5 is the same as the polarity of the electrode in contact with the electret dielectric layer 5. It tends to be the same polarity. On the other hand, in the latter case, the polarity of the space charge storage layer tends to be opposite to the polarity of the electrode in contact with the electret dielectric layer 5.

  The DC voltage and application time applied between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 may be set to a voltage and time sufficient to form the space charge storage layer in the electret dielectric layer 5. In addition, with respect to the polarity of the DC voltage to be applied, there is a polarity effect on the characteristic of forming the space charge storage layer in the vicinity of the electrode, and the power generation efficiency is increased when the power generation characteristic of the vibration power generation cable 1 is affected. What is necessary is just to select polarity. The temperature at which the charging process is performed may be room temperature, but when there is a temperature at which the space charge storage layer is easily formed within the allowable temperature range of the vibration power generation cable 1, for example, the vibration power generation cable 1 is heated to a predetermined temperature. The charging process may be performed while maintaining the temperature and then cooled.

  In the case where voids and holes are dispersedly formed in the electret dielectric layer 5, or in the case where voids are formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7. Can be charged with a lower DC voltage than when these gaps are not present. This is because air discharge occurs in the voids and holes, and a charged region is formed in the vicinity of the voids and voids in the electret dielectric layer 5 along the applied voltage direction (FIG. 3). ). That is, in the electret dielectric layer 5, polarization-charged dipoles are formed in the vicinity of the voids and holes, and the polarization direction is aligned with the applied voltage (electric field) direction. This is because it becomes a polarized state.

  Therefore, the electret dielectric in the case where voids or holes are formed in the electret dielectric layer 5 or the void is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 The applied voltage and application time required for the charging treatment of the layer 5 are a voltage and a time sufficient to generate a charged region in the vicinity of the voids in the electret dielectric layer 5 by causing air discharge in the voids. If it is good.

  Further, when a gap or the like is formed in the electret dielectric layer 5, or when a gap is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, the center electrode 3 Instead of a DC voltage, an AC voltage may be applied between the external electrode 7 and the external electrode 7. In this case, in the air gap or the like, the AC voltage is more likely to generate air discharge than the DC voltage, so that it becomes easier to form a charged region in the electret dielectric layer 5. As described above, after the vibration power generation cable 1 is formed, the electret dielectric layer can be used without applying special equipment by applying a voltage (DC voltage or AC voltage) between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7. 5 is excellent in productivity.

  Further, in the present invention, the electret dielectric layer 5 can be charged using the charging device 20 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The charging device 20 includes a high voltage electrode 21, a discharge electrode 23, an insulating spacer 25, a grid electrode 27, an ammeter 29, power supplies 31a and 31b, and the like. Further, by continuously forming the electret dielectric layer 5 by providing the device for extruding the electret dielectric layer 5 on the outer periphery of the central conductor and the charging device 20 so as to function as a series of manufacturing steps, Since the electret dielectric layer 5 can be charged as a series of manufacturing steps on the portion where the electret dielectric layer 5 is formed, the productivity is excellent.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the high voltage electrode 21 is a tubular electrode. A plurality of protruding discharge electrodes 23 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the high-voltage electrode 21. Inside the high voltage electrode 21, a tubular grid electrode 27 is arranged coaxially with the high voltage electrode 21. The insulating spacer 25 holds the grid electrode 27 and the high-voltage electrode 21 including the discharge electrode 23 at a predetermined distance. Inside the grid electrode 27, a cable material having the electret dielectric layer 5 formed on the outer periphery of the center electrode 3 is arranged coaxially with the grid electrode 27 while maintaining a predetermined distance.

  As shown in FIG. 9, a cable material in which the electret dielectric layer 5 is extruded and coated on the outer periphery of the center electrode 3 is introduced into the charging device 20 (in the direction of arrow E in the figure). At this time, a predetermined distance is maintained between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the grid electrode 27. The electret dielectric layer 5 may be formed by continuously winding the resin tape 11 described above instead of extruding the resin.

  The center electrode 3 is directly connected to the ground potential or connected to the ground potential via an ammeter 29 arranged as necessary. The power supply 31b applies a voltage to the high-voltage electrode 21 with the center electrode 3 as a reference potential. The power supply 31a applies a voltage to the grid electrode 27 with the center electrode 3 as a reference potential. Note that the voltage applied to each electrode is preferably a DC voltage that makes it easy to control the charging polarity of the electret dielectric layer 5 when charging is performed continuously over the entire length of the vibration power generation cable 1.

  Here, the voltage is set so that the output voltage V2 of the power supply 31b is larger than the output voltage V1 of the power supply 31a. In addition, the polarities of the output voltages of the power supply 31a and the power supply 31b are matched. Hereinafter, although the case where the polarity of the power supply 31a and the power supply 31b is made into negative polarity is demonstrated, it is the same also as positive polarity.

  In this case, the voltage V <b> 1 is applied between the center electrode 3 and the grid electrode 27. Further, a voltage of V3 = V2−V1 is applied between the grid electrode 27 and the high voltage electrode 21. Therefore, by setting a voltage V3 sufficient to generate corona discharge between the discharge electrode 23 and the grid electrode 27 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the high-voltage electrode 21, the high-voltage electrode 21 and the grid electrode 27 During this period, corona discharge can be generated. In addition, it can make it easy to produce a corona discharge by making the front-end | tip of the discharge electrode 23 into a needle shape. Further, the discharge electrode 23 may be composed of, for example, one or a plurality of fine wires. Similarly to the case where the tip of the discharge electrode 23 has a needle shape, the electric field in the vicinity of the discharge electrode 23 is increased to cause corona discharge. The effect of facilitating the generation is obtained. In this case, for example, if a plurality of fine wires are arranged inside the high voltage electrode 21 by using a holding member or the like while maintaining a predetermined distance, and the high voltage electrode 21 and the fine wires are electrically connected so as to have the same potential, Good.

  On the other hand, since the voltage V <b> 1 is applied between the center electrode 3 and the grid electrode 27, among the charged particles generated by corona discharge between the high-voltage electrode 21 and the grid electrode 27, negative charged particles (For example, electrons and negative ions) are accelerated toward the center electrode 3 side. At this time, the accelerated negative charged particles are collided with gas molecules in the air between the grid electrode 27 and the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5, and are repeatedly ionized by the collision. The outer surface of layer 5 is reached. Therefore, a negatively charged layer (space charge storage layer) is formed on the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5.

  The flow of negative charge between the grid electrode 27 and the electret dielectric layer 5 and the electrification of the electret dielectric layer 5 due to this flow cause the surface potential of the electret dielectric layer 5 to substantially match the potential of the grid electrode 27. Continue until Therefore, the electrification potential of the electret dielectric layer 5 can be controlled by the voltage V 1 of the grid electrode 27.

  On the other hand, on the inner surface side of the electret dielectric layer 5, a charging layer having a polarity opposite to that of the outer surface (positive charging layer in the above example) is easily formed. That is, the electret dielectric layer 5 is likely to be formed with a charged layer having opposite polarities on the inner surface and the outer surface. At this time, the surface potential difference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 is approximately V1.

  Here, the time until the electric potential of the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 becomes substantially equal to the voltage V1 of the grid electrode 27 is t (s), the length of the charging device 20 is L (m), and the cable The material feed speed is S (m / s). At this time, if the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged under the condition that the relational expression S <L / t is satisfied, the electret dielectric layer 5 is continuously charged over the entire length of the vibration power generation cable 1. be able to.

  Here, as a method for obtaining the charging time t, an ammeter 29 connected between the center electrode 3 and the ground may be used. By measuring the time from when corona discharge starts between the high-voltage electrode 21 and the grid electrode 27 until the current flowing between the grid electrode 27 and the center electrode 3 is saturated at a sufficiently small value, the electret The time t required to sufficiently charge the dielectric layer 5 can be obtained. In addition, using the charging time as a parameter, the surface potential of the electret dielectric layer 5 subjected to the charging process at each time may be measured by a surface potentiometer, and the time required to reach the target surface potential may be obtained. .

After the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged in the cable material described above, the external electrode 7 is provided on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5, and the covering portion 9 is further formed on the outer periphery. The cable 1 can be manufactured. As described above, the external electrode 7 is formed by braiding a metal wire on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 to provide a tubular braided wire, or by spirally winding a conductor wire, or winding a metal tape. Can be formed. The covering portion 9 may be formed by extruding and covering plastic (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorine resin, etc.) or rubber (ethylene propylene rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, etc.).
Here, in the process of providing the external electrode 7 on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 that has been subjected to the charging process, the electric potential of the electret dielectric layer 5 may decrease due to the occurrence of air discharge. The occurrence of this air discharge is determined by the relationship between the potential difference and the distance between the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 and the outer electrode 7 in the process in which the outer electrode 7 approaches and contacts the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5. Follow the law of Therefore, it is desirable to set the charging potential of the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 within a range where no air discharge occurs in the process of providing the external electrode 7 on the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5.

  As mentioned above, according to this Embodiment, since the vibration electric power generation cable 1 is cable shape, the freedom degree with respect to an installation place is large. In addition, since the center electrode 3, the external electrode 7, and the electret dielectric layer 5 are all made of a flexible material, they can be installed according to the form of the installation portion.

  In particular, the electret dielectric layer 5 is not joined to the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7, and the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 repeatedly contact and peel from each other when the vibration power generation cable 1 is deformed. If it is possible, that is, if the distance between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 can be repeatedly changed greatly, power generation can be performed more efficiently. Further, the electret dielectric layer 5 is formed of a porous material (for example, foamed resin), or the center electrode 3 is tubular (hollow) and the inside thereof is filled with the space 33 or the elastic body 35, so that the vibration power generation cable can be used as an external force. On the other hand, it can be deformed more easily, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

<Embodiment 5>
Next, a method for storing the power generation output generated by the vibration power generation cable 1 according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 11, the vibration power generation device 50 includes the vibration power generation cable 1, a rectifier circuit 47, a power storage circuit 49, and the like.

  As the rectifier circuit 47, a full-wave rectifier circuit in which four diodes 41 are combined is used. The rectifier circuit 47 rectifies the output voltage from the vibration power generation cable 1. The power storage circuit 49 includes a power storage unit 43 such as a capacitor and a rechargeable battery, and a switch 45. The diode 41 preferably has a small forward resistance, a large reverse resistance, a fast time response speed, and a small loss. Further, it is desirable that the capacitor or the battery has a small leakage current in a charged state and a small charging loss.

  As described above, the output voltage of the vibration power generation cable 1 when a repeated external force is applied is alternating current. Therefore, it is desirable that the output voltage of the vibration power generation cable 1 is rectified by the rectifier circuit 47 and the output of the rectifier circuit 47 is stored in the storage circuit 49. Instead of the vibration power generation cable 1, various vibration power generation bodies described later may be used.

  When a plurality of vibration power generation cables 1 are used, the center electrodes 3 and the external electrodes 7 of all the vibration power generation cables 1 may be connected to each other and then connected to the rectifier circuit 47. 1 is preferably provided with a rectifier circuit 47. That is, it is desirable to provide a rectifier circuit 47 for connection to each vibration power generation cable 1 and connect the output from each rectifier circuit 47 to the storage circuit 49 in parallel with the same polarity. This is to prevent a decrease in power generation output due to cancellation of each other's power generation output when the timing of power generation in each vibration power generation cable 1 and the polarity of the power generation output voltage do not match. Even if there is no mutual cancellation of the power generation output, when the vibration power generation cable 1 that does not generate power is included, the vibration power generation cable 1 that does not generate power is an external load with respect to the other vibration power generation cables 1 that generate power. This is to prevent a decrease in power generation output due to functioning.

<Embodiment 6>
Next, a vibration power generation body using the vibration power generation cable 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, the vibration power generation body 40 is formed by sandwiching the vibration power generation cable 1 between a pair of plate-like members 51. The plate-like member 51 is, for example, a floor tile or a floor mat having a side of about 300 mm. As the plate member 51, for example, a plastic or rubber member having a plate thickness of about 3 mm can be used.

  The vibration power generation cable 1 is spirally arranged from the vicinity of the center of the plate-like member 51 toward the outside. That is, the vibration power generation cable 1 is arranged so as to occupy the most area of the plate-like member 51. On one plate-like member 51, the outer end of the vibration power generation cable 1 is connected to the rectifier circuit 47. An output terminal 53 is provided on the output side of the rectifier circuit 47. Furthermore, the vibration power generation apparatus 50 (FIG. 11) can be configured by connecting a power storage circuit 49 (FIG. 11) to the output terminal 53 of the vibration power generation body 40.

  By sandwiching the vibration power generation cable 1 with the plate-like member 51, the external force can be dispersed throughout the vibration power generation cable 1. That is, not the local deformation of the vibration power generation cable 1, but the entire vibration power generation cable 1 can be deformed substantially simultaneously. For this reason, power generation efficiency can be improved.

<Embodiment 7>
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 13, it is good also as the vibration electric power generation body 40a arrange | positioned by laminating | stacking multiple layers of the vibration electric power generation cables 1 formed in the spiral shape between the plate-shaped members 51. FIG. In this case, the center electrodes 3 and the external electrodes 7 may be connected to each other at the ends of the vibration power generation cables 1. On one plate-like member 51, a rectifier circuit 47 is connected to the outer end of the vibration power generation cable 1. An output terminal 53 is provided on the output side of the rectifier circuit 47. Note that the rectifier circuit 47 may be connected to each of the plurality of vibration power generation cables 1, and the outputs thereof may be connected in parallel with the same polarity to be connected to the output terminal 53. Further, one vibration power generation cable 1 may be laminated in a spiral shape.

  By laminating a plurality of vibration power generation cables 1, a longer vibration power generation cable 1 can be disposed within a predetermined installation range. Therefore, power generation can be performed efficiently even within a limited installation range.

<Eighth embodiment>
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 14, it is good also as the vibration electric power generation body 40b which arrange | positioned the vibration electric power generation cable 1 formed in the spiral shape between the plate-shaped members 51 side by side. In this case, the rectifier circuit 47 is connected to the end of each vibration power generation cable 1. The output from the rectifier circuit 47 is connected in parallel with the same voltage polarity and connected to the output terminal 53. Note that the center electrodes 3 and the external electrodes 7 of the plurality of vibration power generation cables 1 may be connected to each other, and the rectifier circuit 47 may be connected to one end thereof. The number and arrangement of the vibration power generation cables 1 are not limited to the illustrated example.

  For example, when the vibration power generation body 40 (FIG. 12) is arranged and a person or vehicle passes over the vibration power generation body 40, the same external force is always applied to each part in the longitudinal direction of the vibration power generation cable 1 sandwiched between the plate-like members 51. Not a translation. Therefore, the power generation timing, the polarity of the power generation output voltage, and the like may not match due to the portions of the vibration power generation cable 1 sandwiched between the plate-like members 51. In such a case, the power generation outputs cancel each other, and the power generation output may decrease as a whole.

  In addition, even when there is no cancellation of such power generation output, when the vibration power generation cable 1 is locally deformed, power generation is not performed in other parts, and parts where power generation is not performed are parts where power generation is performed. On the other hand, since it apparently functions as an external load, the power generation output may decrease as a result.

  On the other hand, as a vibration power generation body 40b (FIG. 14), a plurality of vibration power generation cables 1 are provided between a pair of plate-like members 51, and a rectifier circuit 47 is connected to each of the vibration power generation cables 1. The plate-like member 51 can be divided into respective regions of the plurality of vibration power generation cables 1. In this way, since the independent vibration power generation cable 1 is arranged for each region, the power generation output by canceling the power generation output due to the timing of power generation in each vibration power generation cable 1 and the polarity of the power generation output voltage not matching, etc. Can be suppressed. In addition, by dividing in this way, even when there is a vibration power generation cable 1 that does not generate power, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation output due to functioning as an external load for the vibration power generation cable 1 that is generating power. it can.

  In the vibration power generation body 40b as well, the vibration power generation cable 1 may be laminated in a plurality of layers as in the vibration power generation body 40a.

<Ninth Embodiment>
In the present invention, a plurality of vibration power generation bodies formed by sandwiching the vibration power generation cable 1 between the pair of plate-like members 51 described above may be further connected. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, the output terminals 53 of the vibration power generator 40 may be connected in parallel according to the polarity of the output voltage. In this case, the vibration power generation device 50 a can be configured by connecting the output from the output terminal 53 of each vibration power generation body 40 to the power storage circuit 49. In addition, it cannot be overemphasized that it replaces with the vibration electric power generation body 40, and another vibration electric power generation body can be used. By doing in this way, it can respond also to the installation place of a large area.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a vibration power generation cable 1 (and a vibration power generation body, a vibration power generation apparatus, and so on) using a high degree of freedom in installation. As the vibration power generation cable 1 of the present invention, for example, it is installed on an object that vibrates when a vehicle such as a soundproof wall, a railroad rail, or a sleeper is installed under a road, a bridge, or an expressway. Can do. At this time, the obtained electric power senses the surrounding conditions (temperature, humidity, brightness, vibration acceleration, distortion, displacement, wind speed, vehicle speed and weight, etc.) of the vibration object, and drives the sensor for measurement. Can be made. Further, it can be used as a power source for an information collecting system or a monitoring system that transmits information obtained by a sensor by wire or wireless.

  Moreover, when the electric power obtained is large, it can also be used as one of distributed power sources for lighting such as roads, auxiliary power sources for traffic lights, and smart grid concepts. In addition, on a road or the like, power may be generated by vibration when a vehicle or a person passes, thereby sensing information that the vehicle or person has passed and ambient brightness. In this case, only when the surroundings are dark, the stored power can be used to light the front of the vehicle or person, the guide plate, the guide light, and the like.

  Further, the vibration power generation cable 1 of the present invention can itself be used as a sensor for detecting a change in external force such as vibration. For example, the vibration power generation cable 1 can be installed in a site, a passage, or the like, and can be used for a security system that generates power by vibration when a suspicious person enters and transmits suspicious person intrusion information.

  Further, the present invention can also be applied to a moving body that itself vibrates, such as a vehicle, an aircraft, a person, or an animal. For example, it is possible to install the vibration power generation cable 1 in a car body, a suspension, a tire (such as the inside of the tire, the inner surface of the rubber, or the wheel portion) of an automobile, and drive various sensors with the generated electric power. Moreover, when the electric power obtained is large, it can also be used as a power source for auxiliary charging to a secondary battery of an automobile. Similarly, it is applied to the body of a railway vehicle, the inside of a vehicle, wheels, dampers, suspensions, etc., and power for systems that monitor various parts of the vehicle by driving various sensors, interior lighting, emergency lights, advertising displays It can also be used as an (auxiliary) power source for panels and the like.

  In addition, a vibration power generation cable 1 is installed in a seat of a vehicle or the like, and a sensor and a power source of a system that detects power when a person is seated or vibrates while seated, detects a person's seating, and informs a driver seat or a cockpit seat It can also be used as

  In addition, the vibration power generation cable 1 can be applied to a building structure such as a building, factory, or house, or a structure included in the building structure. For example, the above-mentioned building structure includes the vibration of the ground, the influence of wind, the movement of people inside, the mechanical devices installed inside (for example, rotating machines such as motors, production equipment in factories, elevators and escalators, etc. In response to vibration when an elevator, an air conditioning fan, etc.) are operating, it itself vibrates. Therefore, the vibration power generation cable 1 can be installed in a site that is susceptible to such vibration to generate electric power, and can be used as a drive power source such as an emergency power source, various sensors, and a communication power source.

<Embodiment 10>
Moreover, it can replace with the vibration electric power generation cable 1, 1a, 1b mentioned above, and the vibration electric power generation cable 60a as shown in FIG. 16 can also be used. The vibration power generation cable 60 a has substantially the same configuration as the vibration power generation cable 1, but a spacer 63 is partially disposed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7. As the spacer 63, for example, a conductive, semiconductive, or insulating wire can be used. In this case, the spacer 63 may be formed by arranging a plurality of wires on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction and spirally winding the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5. Alternatively, the spacer 63 may be formed by arranging a plurality of wires on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and vertically winding along the longitudinal direction of the vibration power generation cable 60a.

  By using the spacer 63, a gap 61 is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 according to the spacing (interval for arranging the wire) and the thickness (diameter of the wire) of the spacer 63. be able to. Therefore, the gap length of the gap 61 can be adjusted by adjusting the interval and thickness of the spacer 63, and the interval and thickness of the spacer 63 are appropriately designed so as to ensure a desired gap length. For example, when an external force or vibration is applied to the vibration power generation cable 60a, the distance between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 is repeatedly greatly changed, or the spacer is repeatedly contacted and separated from each other. What is necessary is just to adjust the space | interval and thickness which 63 arrange | positions. In addition, the distance (gap length) between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 in the gap 61 (non-joined portion) in a state where no external force is applied is adjusted by the interval (number of wires and interval) at which the spacer 63 is arranged. By doing so, the thickness of the spacer 63 can be maintained. In this case, for example, if the thickness of the spacer 63 is 30 μm to 100 μm, the gap length of the gap 61 between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 can be set in a range of approximately 30 μm to 100 μm.

  If the distance (gap length) of the air gap 61 between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 in the steady state is less than 30 μm, the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 are separated when an external force is applied to the vibration power generation cable 60a. The amount of change in the gap length until contact (the range in which the gap length can be changed) is also less than 30 μm. However, the power generation amount in this case is significantly reduced. On the other hand, if the gap length exceeds 100 μm, the amount of change in the gap length (the range in which the gap length can be changed) until the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 come into contact exceeds 100 μm. However, in this case, the amount of increase in power generation accompanying the increase in the change in gap length is small. Moreover, the external force required until the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 are brought into contact with each other increases. For this reason, it is desirable that the gap 61 has a gap length of 30 μm or more and 100 μm or less. The thickness of the spacer 63 (the diameter of the wire) is desirably 30 μm or more and 100 μm or less.

  The external electrode 7 can be formed by spirally winding a metal foil tape around the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 provided with the spacer 63. Alternatively, the metal foil tape can be vertically wound in the longitudinal direction so as to wrap around the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5 provided with the spacer 63, and to adhere the wrap portion between the wrapped metal foil tapes. . As the metal foil tape, for example, aluminum foil, copper foil, tin foil, and other metal foils can be used. Further, the metal foil tape may have a two-layer structure of a metal foil layer (conductive layer) and a resin layer (insulating layer). In this case, a metal foil tape may be wound so that the metal foil layer comes to the surface (inner peripheral surface) facing the electret dielectric layer 5.

  In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the spacer 63 (wire material) is not limited to the circular shape as illustrated, and may be any shape such as an oval, a rectangle, and a square. Further, the spacer 63 is not limited to a wire, and for example, a spacer member may be arranged with a dot-like interval. For example, a spacer member may be repeatedly arranged in a dot shape on at least one surface of the outer peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 or the inner peripheral surface of the external electrode 7. In this case, the spacer 63 may be formed by applying or printing ink, adhesive, adhesive, paste, or the like on the outer peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 or the inner peripheral surface of the external electrode 7. At this time, the thickness of the spacer 63 is the thickness of the ink, adhesive, adhesive, paste, or the like.

  The spacer 63 may be bonded to both the outer peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the external electrode 7, but it is desirable that the spacer 63 not be bonded to at least one surface. By doing in this way, the change of the gap length between the electret dielectric material layer 5 and the external electrode 7 at the time of external force and vibration being given to the vibration electric power generation cable 60a can be enlarged. Accordingly, the power generation efficiency can be improved and the manufacturability of the vibration power generation cable 60a is also improved.

  In addition, the spacer 63 may be arrange | positioned between the electret dielectric material layer 5 and the center electrode 3, like the vibration electric power generation cable 60b shown in FIG.16 (b). The center electrode 3 may be a single conductor strand or a stranded wire of a plurality of conductor strands. Moreover, although the material of the center electrode 3 is not limited, For example, copper, aluminum, or what plated these can be used. In addition, the method of arrange | positioning the spacer 63 between the electret dielectric material layer 5 and the center electrode 3, and the aspect of the spacer 63 are the same as that of the vibration electric power generation cable 60a. The electret dielectric layer 5 may be formed by extrusion molding, or may be formed by winding one or more layers of the resin tape 11 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be formed by covering with a resin heat-shrinkable tube and then heat-shrinking.

  By using the spacer 63 in this way, it becomes easy to maintain the gap 61 (gap length) between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 in a steady state. Therefore, the distance (gap length) between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 can be changed more reliably according to the external force.

<Embodiment 11>
Further, as in the vibration power generation cable 60c shown in FIG. 17A, the surface (outer peripheral surface) where the electret dielectric layer 5 faces the external electrode 7 is processed with respect to the electret dielectric layer 5 instead of the spacer 63. Then, a concavo-convex pattern composed of convex portions and concave portions may be formed, and the convex portions 65a may be used as spacers. At this time, the height of the convex portion 65a becomes the thickness of the spacer. Further, a gap 61 is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 in the concave portion on the outer peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5. In this case, the gap length of the gap 61 is adjusted according to the interval and height at which the convex portions 65a are arranged.

  There is no particular limitation on the processing method for forming a repetitive uneven shape on the outer peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 and providing the convex portion 65a. For example, a part of the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 may be cut to form the convex portion 65a. Moreover, you may form the convex part 65a in the outer surface of the electret dielectric material layer 5 by press work, embossing, etc. with the type | mold which has an uneven | corrugated pattern. Further, an uneven pattern may be formed on the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 by an etching process. Further, when the electret dielectric layer 5 is formed by extrusion of resin, the shape of the die at the time of extrusion is made uneven so that the length of the vibration power generation cable 60c is formed on the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 after extrusion. An uneven pattern along the direction can also be formed.

  In addition, the form of the convex part 65a is not specifically limited. For example, the repeating pattern of the convex portions 65a may be a dot shape, a line shape, a spiral shape, a lattice shape, or the like arranged at a predetermined interval. Further, the interval and height at which the convex portions 65a are arranged may be designed in the same manner as the spacer 63 described above.

  Further, as in the vibration power generation cable 60d shown in FIG. 17B, the surface of the external electrode 7 facing the electret dielectric layer 5 (inner peripheral surface) is processed with respect to the external electrode 7 so that a convex portion and a concave portion An uneven pattern composed of At this time, the height of the convex portion 65b becomes the thickness of the spacer. Further, a gap 61 is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the external electrode 7 in the concave portion of the external electrode 7. Moreover, the gap length of the space | gap 61 is adjusted with the space | interval and height which the convex part 65b arrange | positions.

  In this case, for example, a metal foil tape (aluminum foil, copper foil, tin foil, or other metal foil) provided with a concavo-convex pattern by surface processing is concavo-convex on the surface (inner peripheral surface side) facing the electret dielectric layer 5. What is necessary is just to spirally wind around the outer periphery of the electret dielectric material layer 5, or to carry out lengthwise winding in the longitudinal direction so that a pattern may come. When the external electrode 7 has a two-layer structure composed of a resin layer and a metal foil layer as described above, a concave / convex pattern is formed on the metal foil layer side and the surface facing the electret dielectric layer 5 (inner What is necessary is just to wind a metal foil tape around the outer periphery of the electret dielectric material layer 5 so that a metal foil layer may come to a surrounding surface.

  The processing method for forming an uneven | corrugated pattern in a metal foil tape is not specifically limited. For example, the surface of the metal foil tape may be pressed or embossed with a mold having an uneven pattern. Moreover, you may form an unevenness | corrugation by the etching process on the metal foil tape surface. In addition, what is necessary is just to determine the form of the convex part 65b similarly to the convex part 65a.

<Twelfth embodiment>
Further, as in the case of the vibration power generation cable 60e shown in FIG. 18A, the surface (inner peripheral surface) where the electret dielectric layer 5 faces the center electrode 3 is processed with respect to the electret dielectric layer 5 A concave / convex pattern including concave portions may be formed, and the convex portions 65c may be used as spacers. At this time, the height of the convex portion 65c becomes the thickness of the spacer. In addition, a gap 61 is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 in the recess of the electret dielectric layer 5. In this case, the gap length of the gap 61 is adjusted according to the interval and height at which the convex portions 65c are arranged. In addition, the formation method and form of the convex part 65c to the inner peripheral surface of the electret dielectric layer 5 are the same as those of the vibration power generation cable 60c.

  Further, as in the vibration power generation cable 60f shown in FIG. 18B, the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 3 may be processed to form a concavo-convex pattern, and the convex portion 65d may be used as a spacer. At this time, the height of the convex portion 65d becomes the thickness of the spacer. Further, a gap 61 is formed between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 in the recess of the center electrode 3. In this case, the gap length of the gap 61 is adjusted according to the interval and height at which the convex portions 65d are arranged. In addition, the formation method (processing method) and form of the convex portion 65d on the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 3 are the same as those of the vibration power generation cable 60c. Moreover, when using a stranded wire for the center electrode 3, the unevenness | corrugation of the strand of the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 3 which arises by twisting of a conductor strand can be utilized, and the convex part 65d can also be used as a spacer.

  As described above, by processing the surfaces of the electret dielectric layer 5, the center electrode 3, or the external electrode 7 to provide an uneven shape, a member for separately forming a spacer becomes unnecessary. Therefore, the number of parts can be reduced, and the formation and arrangement of spacers are facilitated. Further, the heights of the convex portions 65a to 65d can be easily adjusted.

  As described above, by providing a spacer for maintaining a gap between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7, when an external force or vibration is applied to each vibration power generation cable, Since the change in the gap length between the electret dielectric layer 5 and the center electrode 3 or the external electrode 7 becomes large, it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency. In addition, the electrification process method of the electret dielectric material layer 5 is not specifically limited. As in the above-described embodiment, for example, after the electret dielectric layer 5 is formed, the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged by corona discharge, and then the outer electrode 7 and the covering portion 9 are disposed on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5. May be provided sequentially. When the spacer member is disposed on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer 5, the spacer member may be disposed after the electret dielectric layer 5 is charged. When the spacer is formed by surface processing of the outer surface of the electret dielectric layer 5, the charging process may be performed after the spacer is formed by surface processing of the electret dielectric layer 5. Alternatively, the electret dielectric layer 5 may be charged by applying a voltage between the center electrode 3 and the external electrode 7 after the vibration power generation cable is manufactured.

  Also, the vibration power generation cables 60a to 60f in FIG. 16 to FIG. 18 are similar to the vibration power generation cable 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 in the vibration power generation devices 50 and 50a, the vibration power generation bodies 40 and 40a, and 40b can be configured.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, the technical scope of this invention is not influenced by embodiment mentioned above. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs.

1, 1a, 1b, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, 60f ......... Vibration power generation cable 3 ......... Center electrode 4 ......... Hole 5, 5a ......... Electret dielectric layer 6 ......... Void 7... External electrode 9... Covering section 11... Resin tape 20... Charge processing device 21... High-voltage electrode 23 ... Discharge electrode 25 ... Insulating spacer 27 ... Grid electrode 29 ......... ammeters 31a, 31b ......... power supply 33 ......... space 35 ......... elastic bodies 40, 40a, 40b ......... vibrating power generator 41 ......... diode 43 ...... power storage unit 45 ......... switch 47 ......... Rectifier circuit 49 ......... Power storage circuit 50, 50a ......... Vibration power generation device 51 ......... Plate-like member 61 ......... Gap 63 ......... Spacers 65a, 65b, 65c, 65d ......... Protrusions

Claims (12)

A center electrode;
An electret dielectric layer that is provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode and retains electric charge;
An external electrode provided on the outer periphery of the electret dielectric layer;
A covering portion covering the outer periphery of the external electrode;
Comprising
A vibration power generation cable characterized in that the distance between the center electrode and the external electrode can be changed at least partially when an external force is applied. Between at least one of the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer, a non-joined portion that is not joined to each other is formed,
2. The vibration according to claim 1, wherein when an external force is applied, a distance between the electret dielectric layer and the center electrode or the external electrode can be changed in at least a part of the non-joining portion. Power generation cable.   The vibration power generation cable according to claim 1, wherein the center electrode is formed of a hollow conductor.   The vibration power generation cable according to claim 1, wherein the center electrode includes an elastic body and a conductor portion formed on an outer periphery of the elastic body.   5. The vibration power generation cable according to claim 1, wherein the electret dielectric layer is formed by winding a tape-shaped member around the outer periphery of the center electrode. 6.   6. The structure according to claim 1, wherein a spacer is partially provided between at least one of the center electrode or the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer, and a gap is formed. The vibration power generation cable described in Crab.   The spacer is a wire provided between the central electrode and the electret dielectric layer or between at least one of the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer. 6. The vibration power generation cable according to 6.   The spacer is formed on at least a part of at least one surface of the opposing surface of the center electrode and the electret dielectric layer or at least one surface of the opposing surface of the external electrode and the electret dielectric layer. The vibration power generation cable according to claim 6, wherein the vibration power generation cable is a convex portion.   9. A vibration power generator comprising the vibration power generation cable according to claim 1 sandwiched between a pair of plate-like members.   The vibration power generator according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the vibration power generation cables are sandwiched between a pair of the plate-like members.   The vibration power generator according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the vibration power generation cables are stacked in a thickness direction between the pair of plate-like members. A method of manufacturing a vibration power generation cable,
A tubular high-voltage electrode, a plurality of discharge electrodes formed on the inner peripheral surface of the high-voltage electrode, and arranged at a predetermined distance coaxially with the high-voltage electrode including the discharge electrode inside the high-voltage electrode. A tubular grid electrode,
A cable material comprising a center electrode and an electret dielectric layer provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode is disposed inside the grid electrode while maintaining a predetermined distance coaxially with the grid electrode,
The center electrode is set as a reference potential, a first power source is connected between the center electrode and the grid electrode, a second power source is connected between the center electrode and the high-voltage electrode,
The first power supply and the second power supply have the same polarity of output voltage, the output voltage of the second power supply is higher than the output voltage of the first power supply, the high-voltage electrode, the grid electrode, A method for producing a vibration power generation cable, wherein a corona discharge is generated between the electret layers to charge the electret dielectric layer.

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