JP5473430B2 - Lighting apparatus and lighting system using the lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lighting fixture and a lighting system using the lighting fixture. In particular, the present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting system for plant cultivation used when cultivating using a plant factory, a glass greenhouse, a vinyl house or the like.

  In cultivation using facilities such as plant factories, glass greenhouses, and vinyl houses, plant cultivation apparatuses using lighting equipment are used. Plant cultivation equipment is, for example, equipment used in plant factories that grow plants only with artificial light, or plant growth by supplementing the lack of sunlight during the day with artificial light from lighting equipment or consciously extending the duration of sunlight. It is a device that controls. Many of the lighting fixtures attached to conventional plant cultivation apparatuses are ready-made, and fluorescent tubes, high-pressure mercury lamps, sodium lamps, and the like are used as light sources (an example of light emitters) for the lighting fixtures. Moreover, the conventional lighting fixture was attached to the shelf or pillar of a plant cultivation apparatus by covering the above-mentioned light source with a flat plate made of metal or thick foamed polystyrene, or a metal shade that scatters appropriately downward.

  However, in the case of the shade provided on the ready-made luminaire, the entire shade is made of metal, so it becomes heavy and it is difficult to attach the luminaire. In particular, in a plant factory, a large number of lighting fixtures are used and the work place is small, so that it is difficult to mount the lighting fixtures, the work efficiency is lowered. Moreover, since the metal heavy shade requires strength also on the shelf on which the lighting fixture is mounted, an increase in cost due to the increased strength of the plant cultivation apparatus could not be avoided. Therefore, in the plant cultivation apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, a reflector made of a highly reflective material or a reflector coated with a highly reflective agent, such as a white polystyrene foam reflector, is attached above the light source as a shade for a lighting fixture. ing.

JP 2001-352838 A

  Although the lighting fixture disclosed in Patent Document 1 is lightweight, since the shade of the lighting fixture is flat, the light emitted from the light source is not reflected toward the irradiation target plant but diffuses to other parts. . For this reason, in patent document 1, since the irradiation efficiency of a lighting fixture falls and the number of the light sources required for plant cultivation increases, the power consumption of a lighting fixture increases, As a result, the running cost of a lighting fixture increases. There was a problem of becoming higher.

  Therefore, it is still required to use metal shades to increase the irradiation efficiency. However, if a metal shade is used, it is difficult to attach the lighting fixture due to the weight of the shade itself as described above, and the metal exposed inside the shade of the lighting fixture is likely to be corroded and damaged. There are challenges. The reason is as follows. Inside the plant factory, moisture generated from plants and water for cultivation evaporate, so the humidity of the air tends to increase. In addition, the ambient temperature of the light source increases due to the heat from the light source of the lighting fixture being trapped in the upper part inside the shade. Therefore, especially the air inside the shade of the lighting fixture becomes hot and humid, and the metal exposed inside the shade is in direct contact with the hot and humid air, so that the metal is easily corroded.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive lighting fixture that has high irradiation efficiency, is lightweight, is convenient for mounting, and is not easily damaged, and a lighting system using the lighting fixture.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a lighting fixture including a light emitter and a shade covering the light emitter, wherein the shade is at least a translucent substrate, and the substrate. A light reflecting layer that forms the outer surface of the shade and reflects the light emitted from the light emitter and transmitted through the base material, for example, a metal light reflecting layer or a base material, and also oxidized. A highly reflective resin layer in which titanium is mixed, and the light reflecting layer of the shade has a curved reflecting surface including a quadratic curve focusing on the position of the light emitter. The lighting device is characterized in that the light emitted from the luminous body is reflected as parallel light , the base material is made of a sheet-like foamed polystyrene, and the light reflecting layer is made of an aluminum foil .

The invention according to claim 2 provides the luminaire according to claim 1 , wherein a ventilation port through which air inside the shade is passed is formed at the top of the shade.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the lighting device according to the first or second aspect , the shade further includes a plurality of frames that maintain the shape of the shade, and the base material is formed from the adjacent frames. A lighting fixture is provided that is secured between the plurality of frames under tension.

Invention of Claim 4 is an illuminating system which has the lighting fixture as described in any one of Claim 1 to 3 , and the to-be-irradiated part irradiated with the light from this lighting fixture, Comprising: The lighting fixture includes a plurality of the light emitters, and a plurality of the shades covering each of the plurality of the light emitters, and the plurality of shades are positioned from the light emitter as being positioned at the center of the lighting fixture. Provided is an illumination system configured to reflect parallel light in a wider range with respect to the irradiated portion.

  If a metallic light reflection layer is provided on the outer surface of the substrate based on the lighting fixture of the present invention, the light reflection layer is protected by the substrate without directly contacting the hot and humid air inside the shade. Therefore, the light reflecting layer is hardly corroded. Therefore, the inner surface of the shade is hardly damaged, and as a result, the lighting fixture can be used for a long time, and the running cost of the lighting fixture can be reduced.

  Further, the shade base material is translucent, and the light reflection layer is provided on the outer surface of the base material, so that the shade shade can reflect the light emitted from the light emitter. Therefore, the lighting fixture according to the present invention can emit light to a plant that is an irradiation target without reducing the irradiation efficiency from the light emitter.

  In addition, since the shade of the lighting fixture according to the present invention reflects light emitted from the light emitter downward as parallel light, the lighting fixture can irradiate the plant with most of the light emitted from the light emitter. Irradiation efficiency increases. Since the illumination efficiency of the lighting fixture of the present invention is higher than that of a conventional lighting fixture in which light is diffused to a site other than plants, the number of light emitters necessary for plant cultivation can be reduced. Therefore, the power consumption of the luminaire can be suppressed by the small number of light emitters, and the running cost of the luminaire can be reduced.

  If a sheet-like foamed polystyrene is used for the base of the shade, the foamed polystyrene is lighter than the metal, so that the shade can be reduced and the lighting fixture can be easily attached.

  If an aluminum foil is used for the light reflecting layer of the shade, the amount of metal used is reduced as compared with the conventional shade made of metal, so that the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture can be reduced. Further, since the amount of metal used is reduced, the shade can be reduced in weight, and the installation of the lighting fixture is facilitated.

  If a resin film is used for the base material of the shade, since the resin film is lighter than the metal, the shade can be reduced, and the lighting fixture can be easily attached.

  Reduce the weight of the shade by using a resin sheet for the shade base and applying a highly reflective material to the outer surface of the substrate as a light reflecting layer, or by directly mixing a highly reflective material such as titanium oxide into the substrate. At the same time, it is possible to produce a shade at low cost.

  In addition, the resin sheet of the substrate is formed by using a fluorescent material as a raw material, mixed with the fluorescent material, or coated with a fluorescent paint on the surface of the resin sheet serving as the inner surface of the shade, thereby providing a fluorescent function. Have. The fluorescent function enables reflection of light (green or yellow) having a wavelength of 500 nm to 600 nm, which is not used by the plant, into light (red) having a wavelength of 600 nm or more that is effectively used by the plant. Become. In addition, the substrate can also reflect green light reflected from the plant and light from a reflector installed below the lighting fixture by converting it into light having a wavelength effective for plant growth. Therefore, the luminaire of the present invention can grow a plant with extremely high efficiency as compared with a conventional shade that simply reflects light. Examples of the fluorescent substance mixed in the resin sheet include various inorganic phosphors, organic phosphors, fluorescent dyes, fluorescent pigments, and the like. Further, two or more kinds of fluorescent materials may be used for converting the fluorescent materials into various wavelengths. Alternatively, the resin sheet may be a flexible thin plate.

  Further, the resin sheet can have an attenuation function upon reflection due to a mixed substance (for example, titanium oxide). That is, the resin sheet can reflect only effective light by attenuating near-ultraviolet rays of 300 nm to 400 nm which are harmful to a specific cultivated plant among the light irradiated from the fluorescent tube. By providing an attenuation function and a fluorescence function, the lighting fixture of the present invention attenuates harmful ultraviolet rays among the light from the illuminant, and also converts green and yellow light (light having a wavelength of 500 nm to 600 nm) into red light. By converting to (light having a wavelength of 600 nm or more), plants can be cultivated more efficiently.

  If an aluminum vapor deposition film attached to the light reflecting layer of the shade by vapor deposition is used, the amount of metal used is reduced as compared with a conventional metallic shade, so that the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture can be reduced. . Further, since the amount of metal used is reduced, the shade can be reduced in weight, and the installation of the lighting fixture is facilitated.

  If an ultraviolet blocking layer is provided on a part of the inner surface of the substrate adjacent to the light emitter, the ultraviolet light contained in the light emitted from the light emitter can be blocked, and damage to the shade caused by the ultraviolet light can be prevented. If it becomes difficult to damage the shade, as a result, the lighting fixture can be used for a long time, and the running cost of the lighting fixture can be reduced.

  If a ventilation opening is formed in a part of the top of the shade, the air inside the shade that has become hot due to heat from the luminous body passes through the ventilation opening and is discharged outside the lighting fixture. Ambient temperature decreases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in brightness of the light emitter based on an increase in ambient temperature of the light emitter. The reason is that, for example, when the luminous body is a fluorescent tube, the normal fluorescent tube is designed to have the maximum brightness when the ambient temperature is 25 to 35 degrees C. This is because the brightness of the fluorescent tube decreases on the contrary when the temperature exceeds the maximum temperature. By preventing a decrease in the brightness of the light emitter, a high irradiation efficiency can be realized with less power.

  The base material receives tension from two adjacent frames and is fixed between the frames, so that the base material can maintain the shape along the frame between the longest possible frames. . Therefore, the configuration of the shade can be simplified and the number of frames required to maintain the shape of the shade can be minimized. That is, by reducing the number of members, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture.

  If the light emitted from the light emitter is reflected to a wider range by the shade as it is positioned at the center of the lighting fixture, the decrease in illuminance at the end or side of the irradiated portion is positioned at the center. It is supplemented by the reflected light of the light emitter, and the illuminance can be made uniform in the irradiated portion.

  More specifically, for example, in the case of a lighting fixture consisting of three rows of fluorescent tubes used in a multi-stage plant factory, the light emitted to the plant is reflected directly from the light source and the shade. Parallel light emitted downward or diagonally. First, the light emitted from the light source without going through the shade will be described. In this case, immediately below the shade covering the fluorescent tubes located in the center of the three rows, in addition to the light falling directly from the central fluorescent tube without passing through the shade, the shades from the fluorescent tubes located on both sides are shaded. Leaked light is added without going through. On the other hand, for example, immediately below the shade covering the fluorescent tube located on the left side, in addition to the light that falls directly without going through the shade, the light emitted from the fluorescent tube located in the center is located on the right side. Light with a small incident angle from the fluorescent tube is added. As the light received by the irradiated portion is located at the left end portion away from the central portion, the proportion of light having a smaller incident angle increases and the proportion of light received from the vertical direction decreases. Therefore, in the central part of the luminaire, the light that falls directly without going through the shade becomes stronger, so that the light emitted from the light emitter is reflected by the shade in a wider range, and the light that falls by the shade is reflected. Reduce the density. That is, the slope of the shade is made gentle so as to reduce the illuminance due to the shade reflection. On the other hand, under the shade covering the fluorescent tubes located on both sides, the light emitted from other fluorescent tubes without passing through the shade is weaker than the shade below the central fluorescent tube. For this reason, by narrowing the range of parallel light falling by the shade covering the fluorescent tubes located on both sides to be narrower than the range of parallel light by the shade at the center, the light density is increased and the illuminance at the irradiated portion is increased. Furthermore, by increasing the slope of the shade at the end and increasing the length of the skirt, the leakage of light is reduced, and at the same time the width of parallel light that falls downward through the shade is minimized to increase the density of parallel light. Thus, the illuminance at the end of the irradiated part is increased. By setting the shade of the lighting fixture in this way, the illuminance can be made uniform in the irradiated portion. Therefore, for example, when the irradiated portion is a cultivation bed for cultivating a plant, uniformization of the degree of growth of the plant in the plant cultivation apparatus is promoted. That is, the quality improvement and yield rate of the cultivated plant can be improved, and the cultivation cost in the plant factory can be reduced.

It is a perspective view of the lighting fixture based on 1st embodiment of this invention. (A) It is sectional drawing which shows the lighting fixture shown by FIG. 1 along the AA line of FIG. 1, (b) It is a partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows a part of cross section of a lighting fixture. It is a front view of the lighting fixture based on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the lighting fixture shown by FIG. (A) It is a partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows a part of cross section of a lighting fixture which shows the method of attaching an aluminum vapor deposition film to the lighting fixture shown in FIG. 3, (b) It is also a side view of the lighting fixture. is there. It is a perspective view which shows a part of lighting fixture shown by FIG. 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the state after attaching the aluminum vapor deposition film to the lighting fixture.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals. In order to facilitate understanding, the scales of these drawings are appropriately changed.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a luminaire 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a sectional view showing the lighting fixture 200 shown in FIG. 1 along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a part of the section of the lighting fixture 200 (FIG. 2A). It is a partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows the K section).

  A lighting device 200 shown in FIG. 1 is a lighting device for plant cultivation used in a plant factory or the like, and the lighting device 200 is disposed above the culm 310 in the plant factory and is cultivated on the culm 310. Irradiate light. The lighting apparatus 200 includes a fluorescent tube 210 that is a light source (an example of a light emitter), a socket 220 that electrically connects the fluorescent tube 210 and supports the fluorescent tube 210, a support member 230 that includes a square pipe that supports the socket 220, And the shade 100 that reflects the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 and irradiates the light toward the plant 300. The socket 220 is connected to a ballast or inverter (not shown) for lighting the fluorescent tube 210. A hook 224 is attached to the support member 230, and the lighting device 200 is attached to a chain (not shown) suspended from the ceiling or beam of a plant factory or a shelf (not shown) of a plant cultivation apparatus by the hook 224. It is possible. In addition, the fluorescent tube 210 which is a light source of the lighting fixture 200 of the first embodiment is a three-wavelength fluorescent tube capable of high-frequency lighting. Therefore, any plant can be irradiated with light having a wavelength effective for its cultivation.

  The configuration of the shade 100 of the lighting fixture 200 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2A, the shade 100 includes a base material 110 having translucency and a light reflection layer 120 provided on the outer surface of the base material 110. The translucency is a property of transmitting incident light, and includes a case where a part of incident light is transmitted and the rest is reflected. The base material 110 of the lighting fixture 200 based on 1st embodiment is formed with the sheet-like foam polystyrene which has translucency, and the light reflection layer 120 is formed by sticking aluminum foil on the outer surface of the base material 110, and is formed. Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a frame 130 is provided at the front and rear ends of the base 110 so that the shape of the shade 100 can be maintained. In order to maintain the shape of the shade 100, the frame 130 fixed to the end of the support member 230 and in the vicinity of the socket 220 is formed of a metal plate that is thicker and narrower than the base 110. In addition, a ventilation port 150 through which the air inside the shade 100 passes is formed at a part of the top 140 of the shade 100. Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, an ultraviolet blocking layer 152 that blocks ultraviolet rays from the fluorescent tube 210 is disposed on the inner surface of the top portion 140 of the shade 100.

  Since the expanded polystyrene is lighter than the metal, the shade 100 can be reduced in weight by using the expanded polystyrene for the substrate 110. Moreover, since the usage-amount of a metal reduces by using aluminum foil for the light reflection layer 120, the shade 100 can be reduced in weight. As a result, the luminaire 200 is significantly lighter than the conventional metal shade, and the luminaire 200 can be easily attached. In addition, sheet-like foamed polystyrene is less expensive than metal, and the amount of metal used is reduced by using an aluminum foil as the light reflecting layer 120, so that the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture 200 can be reduced.

  Next, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the shade 100 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2A, the shade 100 is formed by a curved surface that is line-symmetric with respect to the broken line F passing through the fluorescent tube 210. The curved surface of the shade 100 is such that light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is reflected by the inner surface of the substrate 110 or the reflecting surface 121 (see FIG. 2B) of the light reflecting layer 120, so that the light is transmitted to the plant 300. It is formed to be irradiated. As will be described in detail later, as shown in FIG. 2A, the curved surface of the shade 100 is formed by a curved surface including a quadratic curve centered on the center of the fluorescent tube 210, and is emitted from the fluorescent tube 210. The light can be reflected to the plant 300 as parallel light.

  An optical path in which the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is reflected by the shade 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). As shown in FIG. 2A, an aluminum foil that is a light reflection layer 120 is attached to the outer surface of the base 110 of the shade 100. Since the substrate 110 is made of a sheet-like foamed polystyrene, light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is reflected by the surface of the substrate 110 as shown in optical paths C1, D1, and E1 shown in FIG. On the other hand, since the sheet-like foamed polystyrene has translucency, a part of the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 passes through the substrate 110. However, the shade 100 has an aluminum foil attached to the outer surface of the base 110 as the light reflecting layer 120. Therefore, light transmitted through the base material 110 as in the optical paths C2, D2, and E2 shown in FIG. 2A is reflected by the light reflecting layer 120, passes through the base material 110 again, and is irradiated to the plant 300.

  When the light irradiated toward the plant 300 by the reflection of the shade 100 and the light directly irradiated from the fluorescent tube 210 toward the plant 300 are combined, most of the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is directed to the plant 300. It will be irradiated towards.

  By the way, it is also possible to reflect the light from the fluorescent tube 210 toward the plant 300 by attaching an aluminum foil as the light reflecting layer 120 to the inner surface of the substrate 110. However, as described above, in the plant factory, moisture generated from plants and water for cultivation evaporate, so that the humidity of the air tends to increase. Further, the heat of the fluorescent tube 210 causes the surroundings of the fluorescent tube 210 to be increased. The air is hot. That is, the air inside the shade 100 of the lighting device 200 is in a hot and humid state, and the aluminum foil attached to the inner surface of the base 110 is in direct contact with the hot and humid air. Furthermore, in the plant factory, oxygen generated by photosynthesis from the plant 300 tends to stay inside the shade 100. Therefore, the corrosion of the aluminum foil is likely to proceed inside the shade 100 due to the oxidation-reduction reaction, and it is not preferable to use a lighting fixture in which the aluminum foil is attached to the inside of the base 110 in such an environment for a long period of time. The shade 100 of the lighting apparatus 200 according to the first embodiment directly contacts the air with high temperature and humidity and high oxygen concentration by attaching an aluminum foil as the light reflecting layer 120 to the outer surface of the substrate 110. It is protected by the base material 110 so as not to occur. Therefore, the shade 100 can prevent corrosion of the aluminum foil attached as the light reflecting layer 120. Therefore, the inner surface of the shade 100 is hardly damaged, and as a result, the lighting fixture 200 can be used for a long time, and the running cost of the lighting fixture 200 can be reduced.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, the inner surface of the top portion 140 of the shade 100 is coated with a paint that blocks the ultraviolet rays irradiated by the fluorescent tube 210 as the ultraviolet blocking layer 152. The reason is that the three-wavelength fluorescent tube used as the fluorescent tube 210 emits a slight amount of ultraviolet rays, and it is necessary to prevent the shade 100 from being damaged by the ultraviolet rays. Since the ultraviolet light emitted from the three-wavelength fluorescent tube is very small, if the ultraviolet blocking layer 152 is arranged around the top portion 140 closest to the fluorescent tube 210 on the inner surface of the shade 100, the ultraviolet ray is sufficiently blocked. . Examples of the paint that blocks ultraviolet rays include paints containing titanium oxide and zinc oxide. As the ultraviolet blocking layer 152, an ultraviolet cut film in which an ultraviolet absorbent is kneaded may be attached to the inner surface of the top portion 140 of the shade 100.

  Next, the ventilation port 150 formed in the shade 100 of FIG. 1 will be described. As described above, since the periphery of the fluorescent tube 210 is covered with the shade 100, hot and humid air tends to stay. Therefore, a ventilation port 150 for discharging hot and humid air staying inside the shade 100 is formed at the top 140 of the shade 100. In the first embodiment, a rectangular through hole is formed in a part of the top 140 of the shade 100 as the ventilation port 150. Since the temperature of the air inside the shade 100 is higher than the temperature of the air outside the shade 100, the air inside the shade 100 rises due to the chimney effect, passes through the ventilation port 150, and is discharged outside the shade 100. The hot and humid air that has been around the fluorescent tube 210 is discharged, and relatively low-temperature air flows in from below the lighting fixture 200, so the ambient temperature of the fluorescent tube 210 is lowered.

  Usually, the brightness of the fluorescent tube 210 is determined according to the ambient temperature, and the fluorescent tube 210 is designed to be brightest when the ambient temperature is in the range of 25 degrees to 35 degrees. Therefore, when the ambient temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature set to be the brightest, the brightness of the fluorescent tube 210 is decreased. If the air around the fluorescent tube 210 circulates through the ventilation port 150 and the ambient temperature of the fluorescent tube 210 decreases, a decrease in the brightness of the fluorescent tube 210 based on an increase in the ambient temperature of the fluorescent tube 210 can be prevented. . As a result, high irradiation efficiency can be realized with less power.

  Further, by discharging the hot and humid air inside the shade 100, it is possible to prevent the base material 110 from being altered or discolored by the hot and humid air. Therefore, the lighting fixture 200 can be used for a longer period of time, and the running cost of the lighting fixture 200 can be reduced.

  Next, the curved surface of the shade 100 will be described. As described above, the lighting apparatus 200 according to the first embodiment is a lighting apparatus for plant cultivation, and directs as much light as possible from the fluorescent tube 210 toward the plant 300. desirable. That is, the curved surface of the shade 100 is preferably determined so that the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is reflected downward. For example, as shown by optical paths C1 to E2 in FIG. 2A, the curved surface of the shade 100 is formed so that light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 is reflected by the inner surface of the shade 100 and irradiated downward. For this purpose, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the shade 100 may be a quadratic curve with the central point of the fluorescent tube 210 as a focal point, that is, a parabola shown in Equation 1.

y = −x ² / 4H (Formula 1)
However, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the origin is the top 140 of the shade, the vertical axis passing through the origin is the y-axis, and the axis extending in the transverse direction of the shade 100 and passing through the origin. Is the x-axis. Further, the center point of the fluorescent tube is arranged on the y-axis, and the distance from the top 140 to the central point of the fluorescent tube 210 is H.

  If the curved surface of the shade 100 is determined using Equation 1, the shade 100 reflects the light emitted from the sufficiently thin fluorescent tube 210 and is not only in the downward direction but also in the longitudinal direction of the lighting fixture 200 as parallel light. Thus, it is possible to irradiate obliquely downward. Moreover, the quadratic curve of Formula 1 is an example, and the cross-sectional shape of the shade 100 may be adjusted according to the illuminance or the like actually irradiated to the plant, and the shade 100 may be deformed.

  The shade 100 reflects the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 downward as a parallel light beam, so that the light fixture 200 is compared with the case where the light is reflected or diffused to a part other than the plant as in the conventional illumination fixture. Irradiation efficiency increases. If the illumination efficiency of the lighting fixture 200 increases, the growth of the plant is promoted with less electric power, and the cultivation cost in the plant factory can be reduced.

  A method for the lighting apparatus 200 to support the shade 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). The socket 220 is provided with a hook 240 protruding inward, and the end of the shade 100 is hung on the hook 240, whereby the shade 100 is fixed. Therefore, the inner surface of the shade 100 does not directly contact the fluorescent tube 210. Moreover, since the shade 100 is fixed only by hanging the shade 100 on the hanging tool 240, the operation of attaching the shade 100 to the lighting device 200 is simplified.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a front view of the lighting fixture 202 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the lighting fixture 202 shown in FIG. FIG. 5A is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the cross section of the lighting fixture 202, showing a method of attaching the aluminum vapor deposition film to the lighting fixture 202 shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. It is the side view of the lighting fixture 202 similarly. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a part of the lighting fixture 202, and shows a state after an aluminum vapor deposition film is attached to the lighting fixture 202. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or equivalent part as the lighting fixture 200 shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2.

  The lighting fixture 202 shown in FIG. 3 is a lighting fixture for plant cultivation like the lighting fixture 200 shown in FIG. 1, and is used for the plant cultivation apparatus 400 (lighting system) used in a plant factory. The plant cultivation apparatus 400 includes a lighting fixture 202 and a cultivation bed 320 that is an irradiated portion of the lighting fixture 202. The lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment is arrange | positioned above the cultivation bed 320 for plant cultivation, and the lighting fixture 202 irradiates the plant (not shown) cultivated on the cultivation bed 320 with light. .

  The lighting fixture 202 shown in FIG. 3 is the socket which supports the fluorescent tubes 210a-210c while electrically connecting the fluorescent tubes 210a-210c and fluorescent tubes 210a-210c which are light sources similarly to the lighting fixture 200 shown in FIG. 220, a support member 230 formed of a square pipe that supports the socket 220, and shades 102a to 102c that cover the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c, respectively. The lighting fixture 202 is shown in FIG. 1 in that it uses fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c arranged in three rows, and the cross-sectional shape of the shades 102 to 102c and the material that forms the shades 102a to 102c. Different from the lighting apparatus 200. Further, the plant irradiated by the lighting device 202 is different in that the plant is hydroponically cultivated by the cultivation bed 320.

  First, the cultivation bed 320 of the plant cultivation apparatus 400 will be described. The cultivation bed 320 shown in FIG. 3 floats the cultivation panel 322 which consists of a board of a polystyrene foam in the straw 323 filled with water. The thickness of the cultivation panel 322 is 1 cm to 5 cm, and the width is about 60 cm. Since two cultivation panels 322 are used in combination, the width of the cultivation bed 320 is about 1.2 m. A plant is planted on the cultivation panel 322, and the plant is cultivated by irradiating light with the lighting device 202 installed above the cultivation bed 320.

  In general, when the width of the cultivation bed becomes wide, the operator cannot reach from the side of the cultivation bed to the inside of the cultivation bed, and the working efficiency is lowered. In 2nd embodiment, about 1.2 m is employ | adopted as the width | variety of the cultivation bed 320 in view of the work efficiency in each dimension. By setting the width of the cultivation bed 320 to about 1.2 m, it is suitable for an operator to plant or transplant plant seedlings from the side of the cultivation bed 320, and a certain amount of cultivatable plants. Quantity can be secured.

  Next, the lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment is demonstrated. The luminaire 202 includes three rows of fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c as light sources as described above. The fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c are three-wavelength fluorescent tubes capable of high-frequency lighting, similarly to the fluorescent tube 210 of the lighting fixture 200 shown in FIG. The lighting fixture 202 irradiates light to the plants planted on the cultivation bed 320 using the three rows of fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c arranged in parallel.

  The fluorescent tubes 210 a to 210 c are electrically connected to an external power source through a socket 220. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the socket 220 is supported by a support member 230 made of a flat pipe, and each support member 230 is integrally coupled by a horizontally mounted horizontal member 222. As shown in FIG. 4, the lighting fixture 202 is provided with an inverter 250 that lights the fluorescent tubes 210 a to 210 c, and the inverter 250 is supported by a horizontal member 222.

  Next, the structure of the shades 102a-102c of the lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment is demonstrated. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the shades 102 a to 102 c are formed by fixing the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 and the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 in which the aluminum vapor deposition film as the light reflecting layer adheres to the outside of the resin film as the base material. The film frame 131 is a frame that maintains the vertical shape of 102a to 102c. The film frame 131 is made of a thin metal plate or wire made of metal.

  The aluminum vapor-deposited film 112 is obtained by forming aluminum thin film (aluminum vapor-deposited film) on the resin film by evaporating aluminum in a high vacuum state and evaporating the vapor on the surface of the resin film. In the lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment, the polyester film which is a resin film is used as the base material of the shades 102a-102c, and the aluminum vapor deposition film which adhered to the surface of the polyester film on the light reflection layer of the shades 102a-102c Is used. Examples of the resin film material other than polyester include polypropylene and polyethylene. The resin film may be cellophane or paper. By using the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 for the shades 102a to 102c, the shades 102a to 102c are reduced in weight as compared with the metallic shades, and the attachment of the lighting fixture 202 is facilitated. Moreover, if the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 is used for the shades 102a to 102c, the amount of metal used is reduced as compared with the metallic shade, so that the lighting fixture 202 is reduced in weight and the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture 202 is reduced. Can be achieved.

  Next, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the shades 102a to 102c of this embodiment will be described. As described above, the lighting fixture 202 of this embodiment includes three rows of fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c, and shades 102a to 102c are formed so as to cover the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c. The mountain-shaped cross-sectional shape of the shades 102a to 102c is formed of three types of curved surfaces (the left half curved surface is defined as curved surfaces E, F, and G from the left). Basically, the shades 102a to 102c are obtained by attaching the shade 100 shown in FIG. 1 to the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c. However, when the three shades are simply mounted in parallel, a portion where the shades are adjacently overlapped (see broken line J in FIG. 3) is generated, and adjacent fluorescent tubes (for example, fluorescent tubes 210a and 210b in FIG. 3). The light emitted from the light will be blocked. Therefore, the portion (dashed line J) where the shades are adjacently overlapped is omitted, and the cultivation bed 320 is directly irradiated with the light from the fluorescent tube.

  However, when the portion where the shade is simply overlapped is omitted, a place irradiated from a plurality of fluorescent tubes is generated on the cultivation bed 320. In particular, in the shade covering the three rows of fluorescent tubes, when the shape of each shade is formed by the same quadratic curve, in the vicinity of the center of the cultivation bed 320, two fluorescences of 210a and 210c of the three rows of fluorescent tubes are provided. Since the distance to the tube is short, the illuminance by the light emitted directly without going through the shade and the illuminance by the light reflected downward through the shade 102b of the central 210b are effectively added, and the cultivation bed 320 The illuminance near the center increases. On the other hand, since the distance from the fluorescent tube located at the opposite end of the side portion of the cultivation bed 320 is relatively long, the illuminance is lower than the vicinity of the center of the cultivation bed 320. When the illuminance on the cultivation bed is different, the degree of plant growth differs between the central part and the side part, causing problems such as variations in plant quality. Therefore, in the lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the shade 102a-102c deform | transforms so that an inclination may become so steep that the outer side is, and fluorescent tube 210a-210c by shade 102a-102c. The illuminance on the cultivation bed 320 becomes uniform by adjusting the light intensity to be increased by narrowing the range in which the light reflected from the cultivation is irradiated on the cultivation bed 320 toward the outside, in other words, by adjusting the light intensity to be high. It is set as follows.

  In the lighting fixture 202 based on 2nd embodiment, the light emitted directly from the fluorescent tube 210b located in a center part is irradiated to the whole cultivation bed 320 (P1 range of FIG. 3), and is fluorescent. The cross-sectional shape (curved surface G) of the shade 102b is set so that the light emitted upward from the tube 210b is reflected as a parallel light beam downward by the shade 102b. On the other hand, the cross-sectional shape (curved surface F) inside the shade 102a reflects light emitted upward from the fluorescent tube 210a located on the side as parallel light rays downward, and cultivates light emitted directly from the fluorescent tube 210a. It is set to irradiate the left half of the bed 320 in FIG. 3 (P2 range in FIG. 3). The cross-sectional shape (curved surface E) outside the shade 102a increases the density of the reflected light by making the slope steeper than the other curved surfaces F and G, and the hem portion (the end of the shade 102a) downwards. By extending and lengthening, the ineffective light leaking from the shade is reduced. Therefore, it is set so that most of the light reflected from the curved surface F of the shade 102a of the fluorescent tube 210a is reflected downward as a high-density parallel light beam. Since the reflection of the shade 102c is the same as that of the shade 102a (the curved surface E and the curved surface F), the description thereof is omitted.

  In other words, as shown in FIG. 3, the slopes of the curved surfaces E, F, and G of the shades 102 a to 102 c adjacent to each other with respect to the horizontal direction are set to be gentler toward the center of the lighting fixture 202. That is, the slope of the curved surface F is gentler than the slope of the adjacent curved surface E, and the slope of the curved surface G is further gentler than the slope of the adjacent curved surface F.

  In this way, the illuminance can be made uniform in the cultivation bed 320. Therefore, the uniformity of the growth degree of the plant in the plant cultivation apparatus is promoted, the quality of the grown plant is improved, the yield rate is improved, and the cultivation cost in the plant factory can be reduced. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned shade 102a-102c is an example, You may deform | transform the shade 102a-102c according to the illumination intensity etc. which are irradiated to an actual plant and the cultivation bed 320. FIG.

  By the way, in order to irradiate the cultivation bed 320 having a width of 1.2 m with sufficient light for plant cultivation using a conventional lighting device, at least four rows of Hf fluorescent tubes are used. A fluorescent tube was required. One reason for this is that the shade covering the fluorescent tube in the conventional lighting fixture does not appropriately reflect the light toward the plant. Since the shades 102a to 102c of the lighting fixture 202 based on the second embodiment are set in a shape that radiates light emitted from the fluorescent tube 210 toward the cultivation bed 320 without waste, the irradiation efficiency of the lighting fixture 202 Becomes higher. Therefore, it has become possible to cultivate plants using the three rows of fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c. As a result, the power consumption of the lighting fixture 202 can be suppressed, and the running cost of the lighting fixture 202 can be reduced.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, a ventilation port 150 is formed in a part of the top 140 of the shades 102 a to 102 c, but the method of forming the ventilation port 150 is different from the shade 100 of FIG. 1. As will be described in detail later, the aluminum vapor-deposited film 112 constituting the shades 102a to 102c is affixed to a metal film frame 131 with a clip 242 applied with tension, and is composed of a top portion 140 of the shades 102a to 102c and a square pipe. The ventilation port 150 is formed by providing a slight gap without closely contacting the support member 230. Since the air heated by the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c is discharged to the outside of the lighting fixture 202 through the ventilation port 150 formed by a slight gap, the temperature inside the shades 102a to 102c is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the brightness of the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c based on an increase in the ambient temperature of the fluorescent tubes 210a to 210c. As a result, high irradiation efficiency can be realized with less power, and the running cost of the lighting fixture 202 can be reduced.

  The inner surface of the shade 102a near the top 140 is coated with a coating material that blocks ultraviolet rays from the fluorescent tube 210a as the ultraviolet blocking layer 152. Similarly, the other shades 102b and 102c are coated with a paint that blocks ultraviolet rays as the ultraviolet blocking layer 152. The ultraviolet blocking layer 152 can block ultraviolet rays contained in the light emitted from the fluorescent tubes 210a to 201c, and can prevent the shades 102a to 102c from being damaged by the ultraviolet rays.

  Further, the shapes of the shades 102a to 102c are maintained by the film frame 131 as described above. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the film frame 131 is attached to both ends of the support member 230. As shown in FIG. 5A, the aluminum vapor-deposited film 112 has a slit (ventilation port 150) between the film frames 131 so that the aluminum vapor-deposited film is disposed on the outer surface of the shade 102a from the outside of the shade 102a. Provided and fixed. When the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 is fixed to the film frame 131, as shown in FIG. 5B, tension is applied to the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 toward the outside in the longitudinal direction (T1 and T2 directions in FIG. 5B). With the tension applied to the aluminum vapor deposition film 112, the ends of the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 are fixed to the film frame 131 using a plurality of clips 242. Finally, as shown in FIG. 6, the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 is fixed to the film frame 131.

  By using the clip 242, the end of the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 can be fixed to the film frame 131 in a state where tension is applied to the aluminum vapor deposition film 112. The aluminum vapor deposition film 112 is fixed between the film frames 131 provided at both ends of the support member 230 by applying tension to the outside in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 can maintain the shape along the film frame 131 as long as possible without sagging. As a result, the configuration of the shades 102a to 102c can be simplified to minimize the number of film frames 131 required to maintain the shade shape. Since the number of members of the lighting fixture 202 is reduced, the manufacturing cost of the lighting fixture 202 can be reduced. In addition, if the aluminum vapor deposition film 112 is removed from the lighting fixture 202, it becomes possible to fold the aluminum vapor deposition film 112, and since the lighting fixture 202 becomes compact, conveyance of the lighting fixture 202 becomes easy.

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, it can deform | transform and implement variously. For example, in the shade 100 of the lighting apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 1, the frame 130 is formed of a metal plate, but the frame 130 may be formed of a metal wire. In the present embodiment, the substrate 110 is formed of a sheet-like foamed polystyrene or an aluminum vapor deposition film, but the frame 130 may be excluded when the substrate 110 itself can maintain the shape. A flexible thin plate made of a transparent plastic having a curved surface may be used for the substrate 110. Further, although the end of the shade 100 in FIG. 1 is open, a reflector may be provided at the end of the shade 100 so that light leaking out from the end of the shade 100 may be reflected inside the shade 100. Absent.

  Moreover, although the lighting fixture 202 shown in FIG. 3 was comprised by the fluorescent tube 210a-210c paralleled in three rows, a lighting fixture covers the fluorescent tube and each fluorescent tube which were paralleled in two rows or four rows or more. You may be comprised by the shade. By increasing the rows of fluorescent tubes, it is possible to irradiate light on a cultivation bed with a larger area. In each embodiment, the fluorescent tube of the lighting fixture is a three-wavelength fluorescent tube capable of high-frequency lighting. However, the fluorescent tube is not limited thereto, and a high color rendering fluorescent tube with improved color rendering properties may be used. The fluorescent tube is not limited to a straight tube, but may be a bulb-type or annular fluorescent tube. Further, the fluorescent tube is an example of a light emitter, and light may be introduced from the outside using an optical fiber as the light emitter.

  Moreover, although the shade of the lighting fixture shown in FIGS. 3-6 has attached the aluminum vapor deposition film as a base material, the thin sheet | seat which has a highly reflective material and a fluorescent material mixed in place of the aluminum vapor deposition film, or has plasticity May be attached. The shade of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention can irradiate the reflected light and the plant with most of the light from the fluorescent tube due to its shape. Furthermore, by using a resin sheet mixed with a fluorescent substance as a base material, it is possible to convert light from the fluorescent tube into a specific wavelength and reflect it. By converting the light from the fluorescent tube into light that is effective for a specific plant by the fluorescence function, the light use efficiency by the plant can be increased. For example, a shade is converted into a fluorescent material by mixing a fluorescent material that reflects green light (wavelength: 500 nm to 600 nm) contained in a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp into red light (wavelength: 600 nm or more). This makes it possible to irradiate more red light rays that are effective (absorbed and used) for plants. Usually, green plants absorb light mainly by chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs and uses mainly blue light (wavelength around 435 nm) and red light (wavelength around 680 nm), but green light (wavelength 500 nm to 600 nm) is not absorbed so much and is reflected or scattered. Therefore, the green plant leaves appear green. The lighting fixture of the present invention uses a fluorescent material mixed in a resin sheet to convert green light that is not so much absorbed by green plants into red light that is easily absorbed and reflects the light. Therefore, the light from the fluorescent tube and the light reflected from the leaves of the plant can be effectively used for the growth of the plant, and the energy use efficiency can be increased.

Moreover, although the lighting fixture which concerns on this invention was demonstrated for the purpose of using for plant cultivation, you may use it for a residential lighting fixture, a medical lighting fixture, or an industrial lighting fixture.
Further, in a lighting fixture having a light emitter and a shade covering the light emitter, the shade is a base made of a resin sheet that reflects light emitted from the light emitter and is mixed with a highly reflective material such as titanium oxide. You may have.
In such a luminaire, the base material has a curved reflecting surface including a quadratic curve focusing on the position of the light emitter, and reflects light emitted from the light emitter as parallel light. May be.
Further, in such a lighting apparatus, the resin sheet of the base material is formed using a fluorescent material as a raw material, mixed with the fluorescent material, or fluorescent paint on the surface of the resin sheet serving as the inner surface of the shade. Is applied, and the base material converts light emitted from the illuminant or light reflected by a plant leaf into light of a specific wavelength by the fluorescence function of the resin sheet. It may be reflected.

100, 102a, 102b, 102c Shade 110 Base material 112 Aluminum vapor deposition film 120 Light reflecting layer 121 Reflecting surface 130 Frame 131 Film frame 140 Top 150 Ventilation opening 152 Ultraviolet ray blocking layer 200, 202 Lighting fixture 210, 210a, 210b, 210c Fluorescent tube 220 Socket 222 Horizontal member 224 Hook 230 Support member 240 Hook 242 Clip 250 Inverter 300 Plant 310 ３２０ 320 Cultivation bed 322 Cultivation panel 323 ４００ 400 Plant cultivation device

Claims (4)

In a lighting fixture having a light emitter and a shade covering the light emitter,
The shade is
A substrate having at least translucency;
A light reflection layer provided on the outer surface of the base material, forming the outer surface of the shade and reflecting light emitted from the light emitter and transmitted through the base material;
The light reflecting layer of the shade has a curved reflecting surface including a quadratic curve focusing on the position of the light emitter, and reflects light emitted from the light emitter as parallel light ,
The said base material consists of a sheet-like foam polystyrene, and the said light reflection layer consists of aluminum foil, The lighting fixture characterized by the above-mentioned . The lighting fixture according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation port through which air inside the shade is allowed to pass is formed at a top portion of the shade. The shade further comprises a plurality of frames to maintain the shape of該笠, the substrate is under tension from said frame adjacent fixed between the plurality of frames, according to claim 1 or 2 The lighting fixture as described in. A lighting system comprising: the lighting fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ; and an irradiated portion to which light from the lighting fixture is irradiated.
The lighting fixture includes a plurality of the light emitters, and a plurality of the shades covering each of the plurality of light emitters,
The plurality of shades are set so as to reflect light emitted from the light emitters in a wider range with respect to the irradiated portion as they are positioned at the center of the lighting fixture.

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