JP5346461B2 - Small animal repellent - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、小動物用忌避剤に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a repellent for small animals.
近年、生活環境、経済活動の多様化に伴い、ネズミ等の有害小動物による様々な形での被害が大きな社会問題となっている。例えば、ネズミによる被害は、従来の食品の被害、病原菌の媒介による衛生上の被害に加えて、今日の生活、経済活動を支える電線・通信ケーブル網に対する咬害に及び、極めて重大な経済的損失を招いている。
そこで、ネズミ等の有害小動物が保護対象物に近づかないようにするための忌避剤の開発が長年にわたり活発に行われてきた。例えば、特許文献1には、ジエチルトルアミド及び/又はメントールを主成分とした組成物が開示され、特許文献2では、リモネン、リナロール、シトラールを主成分とした組成物が提案されている。また、カプサイシン類(特許文献3)は、ネズミに対して高い忌避効果を示し、防鼠電線・ケーブルや防鼠塗料等の製品が開発されている。しかしながら、ジエチルトルアミド、メントール、リモネン、リナロール、シトラール等の化合物は、忌避効果が十分とは言えず、一方、カプサイシン類は高価で取り扱いにくいという問題を有している。
Thus, repellents have been actively developed over the years to prevent harmful small animals such as mice from getting close to the object to be protected. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a composition mainly composed of diethyltoluamide and / or menthol, and Patent Document 2 proposes a composition mainly composed of limonene, linalool and citral. Capsaicins (Patent Document 3) exhibit a high repellent effect on rats, and products such as fenders and cables and fouling paints have been developed. However, compounds such as diethyl toluamide, menthol, limonene, linalool, citral and the like cannot be said to have a sufficient repellent effect, while capsaicins have a problem that they are expensive and difficult to handle.
本発明は、忌避効果の優れた小動物忌避成分を含有し、小動物、特にクマネズミ、ドブネズミ、ハツカネズミ等の各種ネズミ類による被害防止に有用な小動物用忌避剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a repellent for small animals which contains a small animal repellent component having an excellent repellent effect and is useful for preventing damage caused by various animals such as small animals, particularly rats, rats and mice.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は以下の構成を採用する。
(1)小動物忌避成分として、ステモンとハッカ油を含有し、その質量配合比が0.1:1.0〜2.0:1.0である小動物用忌避剤。
(2)小動物忌避成分を0.5〜10.0(w/v)%、低級アルコールを10〜40(w/v)%及び噴射剤を含有するエアゾール形態である(1)の小動物用忌避剤。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following configuration.
(1) small animal repellent component, contains Sutemon and peppermint oil, its mass compounding ratio of 0.1: 1.0 to 2.0: 1.0 der Ru small animal repellents.
( 2 ) Small animal repellent according to (1) in the form of an aerosol containing 0.5 to 10.0 (w / v)% of a small animal repellent component, 10 to 40 (w / v)% of a lower alcohol and a propellant Agent.
本発明の小動物用忌避剤は、小動物忌避成分として有用なステモンを含有し、小動物、特にクマネズミ、ドブネズミ、ハツカネズミ等の各種ネズミ類に対して優れた忌避効果を示すので、その実用性は極めて高い。 The repellent for small animals of the present invention contains a stemon useful as a small animal repellent component, and exhibits an excellent repellent effect on small animals, particularly various mice such as rats, rats, mice, etc., so its practicality is extremely high. .
本発明で用いるステモンは、オキシム系化合物(化学名:5−メチル−3−ヘプタノン オキシム)で、香料の調香剤としてしばしば使用されるが、これまでネズミをはじめとする小動物忌避成分として検討されたことはない。しかるに本発明者らは、種々の小動物忌避成分を鋭意研究する過程でステモンが極めて高い小動物忌避効果を示し、特にステモンとハッカ油を組み合わせた場合には、ある特定の範囲でその忌避効果が相乗的に増強されることを新たに見出し、本発明を完成したものである。 Stemon used in the present invention is an oxime compound (chemical name: 5-methyl-3-heptanone oxime), which is often used as a flavoring agent for fragrances, but has been studied as a repellent ingredient for small animals including mice. Never. However, the present inventors have shown that, in the process of earnestly researching various small animal repellent components, Stemon exhibits extremely high small animal repellent effects. The present invention has been completed by newly finding that it is enhanced.
また、ハッカ油は、ハッカ又はその種間雑種の地上部を水蒸気蒸留して得た精油で、l−メントールを30%以上含有している。ハッカ油がネズミ等の小動物に対してある程度の忌避作用を示すことは古くから知られており、ハッカ油を含む小動物用忌避剤がいくつか市販されているが、その効果は必ずしも十分ではない。なお、ハッカ油は天然産で高価なため、その一部を安価な合成品のl−メントールで置き換えてもよい。 The mint oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the ground part of mint or its interspecific hybrid, and contains 30% or more of l-menthol. It has been known for a long time that mint oil exhibits a certain degree of repellent action on small animals such as mice, and several repellents for small animals containing mint oil are commercially available, but the effect is not always sufficient. Since mint oil is naturally produced and expensive, some of it may be replaced with inexpensive synthetic l-menthol.
本発明では、小動物忌避成分として、好ましくはステモンとハッカ油の混合物を使用する。すなわち、その配合比が0.1:1.0〜2.0:1.0の場合、相乗的に小動物忌避効果が増強され、極めて有用な小動物用忌避剤を提供する。 In the present invention, a mixture of stemon and mint oil is preferably used as a small animal repellent component. That is, when the compounding ratio is 0.1: 1.0 to 2.0: 1.0, the repellent effect for small animals is synergistically enhanced to provide a very useful repellent for small animals.
また、本発明で使用する小動物忌避成分には、本発明の作用・効果に支障を来たさない限りにおいて他の忌避成分を加えてもよい。かかる忌避成分としては、スチラリルアセテート、フェニルエチルフォーメート、フェニルエチルアセテート、L−カルボン等があげられる。
小動物忌避成分の小動物用忌避剤全体量に対する比率は、忌避剤の形態、使用場所や使用期間等によっても異なるが、例えばエアゾールやポンプスプレーのような液状の場合、0.5〜10.0(w/v)%程度に設定するのが好ましい。0.5(w/v)%未満であると忌避効果が十分でなく、一方10.0(w/v)%を超えると匂いが強くなりすぎるので実用的でない。
Moreover, you may add another repellent component to the small animal repellent component used by this invention, unless the effect | action and effect of this invention are interfered. Such repellent components include styryl acetate, phenyl ethyl formate, phenyl ethyl acetate, L-carvone and the like.
The ratio of the small animal repellent component to the total amount of the repellent for small animals varies depending on the form of the repellent, the place of use, the period of use, etc., but in the case of a liquid such as an aerosol or pump spray, for example, 0.5 to 10.0 ( It is preferable to set to about w / v)%. If it is less than 0.5 (w / v)%, the repellent effect is not sufficient, while if it exceeds 10.0 (w / v)%, the odor becomes too strong, which is not practical.
本発明の小動物用忌避剤は、香調の調整のために他の芳香成分を配合してもよい。例示すれば、シトロネラール、シトロネロール、シトラール、リナロール、テルピネオール、メンタン、p−メンタン−3,8−ジオール、メチルサリシレート、ピネン、リモネン、ゲラニオール、ボルネオール、ゲラニルフォーメート、「緑の香り」と呼ばれる青葉アルコールや青葉アルデヒド、シトロネラ油、シナモン油、ユーカリ油、レモンユーカリ油、ヒバ油、ラベンダー油、オレンジ油、グレープフルーツ油、シダーウッド油、ゼラニウム油、タイムホワイト油等の天然もしくは合成香料や天然精油があげられる。 The repellent for small animals of the present invention may contain other fragrance components for adjusting the scent. For example, citronellal, citronellol, citral, linalool, terpineol, menthane, p-menthane-3,8-diol, methyl salicylate, pinene, limonene, geraniol, borneol, geranyl formate, green leaf alcohol called "green aroma" And natural or synthetic fragrances and natural essential oils such as green leaf aldehyde, citronella oil, cinnamon oil, eucalyptus oil, lemon eucalyptus oil, hiba oil, lavender oil, orange oil, grapefruit oil, cedarwood oil, geranium oil, thyme white oil .
更に、常温揮散性のピレスロイド系殺虫成分、例えば、エムペントリン、2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンジル−2,2−ジメチル−3−(2,2−ジクロロビニル)シクロプロパンカルボキシレート[トランスフルトリン]、4−メチル−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンジル−2,2−ジメチル−3−(1−プロペニル)シクロプロパンカルボキシレート、4−メトキシメチル−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンジル−2,2−ジメチル−3−(1−プロペニル)シクロプロパンカルボキシレートなどを添加すれば忌避効果を増強させることも可能となる。 Further, room temperature volatile pyrethroid insecticides such as empentrin, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate [Transflu Thrin], 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3- (1-propenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate, 4-methoxymethyl-2,3,5,6- Addition of tetrafluorobenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3- (1-propenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate or the like can enhance the repellent effect.
本発明の小動物用忌避剤は、使用場面のニーズに合わせて、液状、ゲル状、固形状、シート状など種々の形態を採用しうる。
液剤を調製するにあたっては、水のほか、エタノール、イソプロパノールのような低級アルコール、プロピレングリコールのようなグリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルのようなグリコールエーテル系水溶性有機溶剤、脂肪族もしくは芳香族炭化水素系溶剤や、界面活性剤、可溶化剤、分散剤が適宜用いられる。
また、ゲル状体の調製に用いられるゲル化剤としては、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、ジェランガム、ゼラチン、オクチル酸アルミニウム、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸などがあげられる。
一方、パルプ、リンター、レーヨン等のセルロース製担体、ケイ酸塩、シリカ、ゼオライト等の無機多孔質担体、トリオキサン、アダマンタン等の昇華性担体に、小動物忌避成分を必要ならば溶剤等とともに含浸させて固形状、シート状、粒状等の小動物用忌避剤を調製することもできる。
なお、安定化剤、pH調整剤、着色剤などを適宜配合してもよいことはもちろんである。
The repellent for small animals of the present invention can adopt various forms such as liquid, gel, solid, and sheet according to the needs of the usage scene.
In preparing the liquid agent, in addition to water, lower alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, glycols such as propylene glycol, glycol ether water-soluble organic solvents such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, aliphatic or Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, surfactants, solubilizers, and dispersants are appropriately used.
Examples of the gelling agent used for preparing the gel-like body include carrageenan, xanthan gum, gellan gum, gelatin, aluminum octylate, and 12-hydroxystearic acid.
On the other hand, cellulose carriers such as pulp, linter and rayon, inorganic porous carriers such as silicate, silica and zeolite, and sublimable carriers such as trioxane and adamantane are impregnated with a small animal repellent component together with a solvent if necessary. It is also possible to prepare repellents for small animals such as solid, sheet, and granular.
Of course, stabilizers, pH adjusters, colorants, and the like may be added as appropriate.
次に、液状形態の小動物用忌避剤について詳述する。
処方としては、小動物忌避成分を0.5〜10.0(w/v)%、低級アルコールを10〜40(w/v)%、必要ならば、更に界面活性剤ならびに水などを含有して水性液剤としてもよい。このような小動物用忌避剤は、ポンプスプレー形態、あるいは噴射剤を伴ってエアゾール形態に好適に適用される。
Next, the liquid form repellent for small animals will be described in detail.
As a prescription, 0.5 to 10.0 (w / v)% of a small animal repellent component, 10 to 40 (w / v)% of a lower alcohol, and if necessary, a surfactant and water are further contained. An aqueous liquid preparation may be used. Such a repellent for small animals is suitably applied to an aerosol form with a pump spray form or a propellant.
低級アルコールとしては、エタノール又はイソプロパノールが使いやすく、エタノールが性能的に好ましい。また、噴射剤としては、液化石油ガス(LPG)、ジメチルエーテル、窒素ガス、炭酸ガス等があげられる。
界面活性剤は、小動物忌避成分の安定性の点から、非イオン系界面活性剤の使用が好ましく、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、ポリオキシエチレン高級アルキルエーテル(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル)、ポリオキシエチレン高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテルなどを例示できる。
As the lower alcohol, ethanol or isopropanol is easy to use, and ethanol is preferable in terms of performance. Examples of the propellant include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas and the like.
The surfactant is preferably a nonionic surfactant from the viewpoint of the stability of a small animal repellent component, such as polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene higher alkyl ether (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl). Ether), polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, and the like.
小動物用忌避剤がゲル状体や固形状、シート状等の場合も常法に従って調製することができ、使用目的や使用場面に適した製剤に適用可能となる。 Even when the repellent for small animals is in the form of a gel, solid, sheet, etc., it can be prepared according to a conventional method and can be applied to a preparation suitable for the purpose of use and use scene.
こうして得られた本発明の小動物用忌避剤は、室内、倉庫、飲食店等で用いられ、2週間ないし2ケ月間の長期間にわたり、クマネズミ、ドブネズミ、ハツカネズミ等の各種ネズミ類、イタチ、モグラやハクビシン等による被害を効果的に防止できるものである。 The repellent for small animals of the present invention thus obtained is used indoors, in warehouses, restaurants and the like, and for a long period of 2 weeks to 2 months, various rats such as rats, rats, mice, weasels, moles, It can effectively prevent damage caused by hakubicin.
次に具体的な実施例に基づき、本発明の小動物用忌避剤について更に詳細に説明する。 Next, the repellent for small animals of the present invention will be described in more detail based on specific examples.
ステモン0.15(w/v)%、ハッカ油0.6(w/v)%、及びスチラリルアセテート0.05(w/v)%をエタノール30(w/v)%に溶解したエアゾール原液をエアゾール容器に入れ、残量の液化石油ガスを充填して、本発明の小動物用忌避剤を得た。 Aerosol stock solution in which Stemon 0.15 (w / v)%, peppermint oil 0.6 (w / v)%, and styryl acetate 0.05 (w / v)% were dissolved in ethanol 30 (w / v)% Was placed in an aerosol container and filled with the remaining amount of liquefied petroleum gas to obtain the repellent for small animals of the present invention.
ステモン0.40(w/v)%、ハッカ油0.40(w/v)%、l−メントール0.20(w/v)%、ラウリルアミンオキサイド1.2(w/v)%、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油1.6(w/v)%、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル3.0(w/v)%、エタノール7.0(w/v)%、クエン酸0.02(w/v)%、及び精製水86.18(w/v)%を含有する液剤をプラスチックボトルに充填して、ポンプスプレー形態の本発明の小動物用忌避剤を調製した。なお、この水性の小動物用忌避剤は、消防法上の非危険物に該当した。 Stemon 0.40 (w / v)%, peppermint oil 0.40 (w / v)%, l-menthol 0.20 (w / v)%, laurylamine oxide 1.2 (w / v)%, poly Oxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 1.6 (w / v)%, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether 3.0 (w / v)%, ethanol 7.0 (w / v)%, citric acid 0.02 (w / v) ) And 86.18 (w / v)% purified water was filled in a plastic bottle to prepare a repellent for small animals of the present invention in the form of a pump spray. This aqueous repellent for small animals was classified as a non-dangerous material under the Fire Service Act.
表1に示す組成物を調製し、その0.5mLを5×10cmの濾紙に滴下した。この液量はm2あたり100mLに相当した。
飼育用ケージの中に、前記処理濾紙及び所定量の餌を入れた容器と、無処理濾紙及び餌を入れた容器を置き、ラット1匹を放飼した。3日後、それぞれの食餌量を測り、次式に従って忌避率を算出した。
忌避率(%)=[無処理濾紙区の食餌量−処理濾紙区の食餌量]/無処理濾紙区の食餌量
×100
The composition shown in Table 1 was prepared, and 0.5 mL thereof was dropped onto a 5 × 10 cm filter paper. This liquid volume corresponded to 100 mL per m 2 .
A container containing the treated filter paper and a predetermined amount of food and a container containing untreated filter paper and food were placed in a breeding cage, and one rat was released. Three days later, the amount of each food was measured and the repelling rate was calculated according to the following formula.
Repellent rate (%) = [food amount of untreated filter paper group−food amount of treated filter paper group] / food amount of untreated filter paper group × 100
試験の結果、小動物忌避成分として、ステモン、好ましくは、ステモンとハッカ油を含有する組成物は、ネズミに対して高い忌避作用を示した。そして、ステモンとハッカ油の配合比が0.1:1.0〜2.0:1.0の範囲で、その忌避効果が相乗的に増強されることが認められた。
これに対し、比較例1ないし比較例3に示すように、ハッカ油やl−メントールをベースとした組成物、ならびに、ジエチルトルアミドとリモネンを含む組成物は、忌避効果が低かった。
As a result of the test, a composition containing stemmon, preferably stemmon and mint oil, as a small animal repellent component showed a high repellent effect on rats. And it was recognized that the repellent effect is synergistically enhanced when the blending ratio of Stemon and peppermint oil is in the range of 0.1: 1.0 to 2.0: 1.0.
On the other hand, as shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, compositions based on peppermint oil and l-menthol and compositions containing diethyltoluamide and limonene had a low repellent effect.
本発明は、ネズミ等の小動物による被害防止に極めて有用である。 The present invention is extremely useful for preventing damage caused by small animals such as mice.
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