JP5308609B2 - ポリマー遷移金属錯体及びその用途 - Google Patents
ポリマー遷移金属錯体及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、ポリマー遷移金属錯体ならびに酸化還元メディエーターとしての使用などのそれの使用に関する。さらに本発明は、スペーサーを介してポリマー骨格に結合した遷移金属錯体に関するものでもある。
酵素系電気化学的センサーは、臨床、環境、農学及び生物工学的な応用において分析対象(analyte)の検出に広く用いられている。ヒト体液の臨床学的アッセイで測定し得る分析対象としては、例えば、グルコース、乳酸、コレステロール、ビリルビン及びアミノ酸がある。血液のような生物流体中のこれらの分析対象の濃度は、疾病の診断及び監視に重要である。
本発明は、新規なポリマー遷移金属錯体及びその酸化還元ポリマー及び酸化還元メディエーターとしての用途に関する。酸化還元ポリマーは、酵素と電極との間で電子を運搬することができる。該ポリマーは、電気化学バイオセンサーにおいて有用となり得る。
a)ポリマー骨格及びそのポリマー骨格から延びる複数のペンダント基を有するポリマーであって、ペンダント基の少なくとも一部が反応性基を有するポリマーと、
b)複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する錯体との反応生成物を含むポリマー遷移金属錯体である。
さらに別の実施形態は、前記酸化還元メディエーター、作用電極及び対電極を有するセンサーである。前記酸化還元メディエーターは、作業電極に近接して配置する。好ましくは前記酸化還元メディエーターは、作業電極上に配置する。より好ましくは前記酸化還元メディエーターは、浸出しない形で作業電極上に配置される。
本発明は、ポリマー遷移金属錯体及びその酸化還元メディエーターとしての用途に関する。さらに本発明は、スペーサーを介してポリマー骨格に結合した遷移金属錯体に関する。本発明はさらに、ポリマー遷移金属錯体の調製に関するものでもある。少なくとも一部の実施例において、前記ポリマー遷移金属錯体は、特定の範囲の酸化還元電位、ならびに電極と急速に電子を交換し、酸化還元酵素または別の分析対象に特異的な酸化還元触媒存在下で分析対象(analyte)の電気酸化または電気還元の速度論を促進する能力という特徴のうちの1つ以上を有する。
「アルキル」という用語は、直鎖または分岐の飽和脂肪族炭化水素を含む。アルキル基の例としては、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、tert−ブチルなどがある。別段の断りがない限り、「アルキル」という用語はアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基の双方を含む。
「電気化学センサー」とは、電気化学的酸化または還元反応を介して、サンプル中の分析対象の有無を検出したり、またはその濃度または量を測定するよう構成された機器である。その反応は代表的には、分析対象の量または濃度に相関させることができる電気信号に変換することができる。
「対電極」という用語は、別段の断りがない限り、a)対電極及びb)参照電極としても機能する対電極(すなわち、対向/参照電極)の双方を含む。
ポリマー遷移金属錯体は、ポリマー骨格と、そのポリマー骨格に共有結合し、その骨格から延びているスペーサーと、それぞれが前記スペーサーのいずれかに共有結合している少なくとも1個の配位子とを備える遷移金属錯体を含む。好適な遷移金属錯体の例としては、米国特許第5,262,035号、同第5,262,305号、同第5,320,725号、同第5,365,786号、同第5,378,628号、同第5,393,903号、同第5,593,852号、同第5,665,222号、同第5,972,199号及び同第6,143,164号、米国特許出願09/034372号、同第09/070677号、同第09/295962号及び同第09/434026号、米国仮特許出願60/165565号ならびに本願と同日に出願の「イミダゾール環を有する二座配位子との遷移金属錯体(Transition Metal Complexes with Bidentate Ligand having an Imidazole Ring)」と題された米国特許出願 号(これらはいずれも、引用によって本明細書に含まれる)に記載のものなどがある。
(A)2個の一座配位子及び2個の二座配位子、
(B)4個の一座配位子及び1個の二座配位子、
(C)3個の一座配位子及び1個の三座配位子、
(D)1個の一座配位子、1個の二座配位子及び1個の三座配位子、
(E)2個の一座配位子及び1個の四座配位子、ならびに
などがある。
電子輸送には、電極上に配置された架橋フィルムにおける酸化還元ポリマーの部分間(例:上記のように、ポリマー骨格に結合した1つ以上の遷移金属錯体)での電子の交換が関与する。遷移金属錯体は、共有結合、配位結合またはイオン結合を介してポリマー骨格に結合することができるが、共有結合及び配位結合が好ましい。電子交換は、例えば架橋酸化還元ポリマーフィルムの異なる部分の衝突を介して起こる。遷移金属錯体ポリマーを介して輸送される電子は、例えばグルコースオキシダーゼによるグルコースの酸化のような酵素基質の電気酸化から由来し得る。
遷移金属錯体は、錯体及びポリマー骨格上の反応性基の有効性(availability)及び性質に応じて、ポリマー骨格に直接または間接的に結合し得る。例えばポリ(4−ビニルピリジン)におけるピリジン基またはポリ(N−ビニルイミダゾール)におけるイミダゾール基は、一座配位子として作用できることから、金属中心に直接結合することができる。別の形態として、ポリ(4−ビニルピリジン)におけるピリジン基またはポリ(N−ビニルイミダゾール)におけるイミダゾール基は、活性化することで、遷移金属錯体のアミンなどの反応性基と共有結合を形成することができるカルボキシレート官能基などの好適な反応性基を有する置換アルキル部分と四級化(quaternized)され得る(反応性基の他の例のリストについては表1を参照されたい)。
電極において酸化還元メディエーターとして使用される遷移金属錯体は、例えばFe3+またはZn2+などの分析試料中の遷移金属の存在によって影響を受け得る。電極の試験を行うのに使用される緩衝液への遷移金属陽イオンの添加によって、得られる電流が低下する。電流低下の程度は、遷移金属陽イオンを沈殿させる緩衝液中の陰イオンの有無によって決まる。サンプル溶液中での遷移金属の残留濃度が低いほど、電流はより安定となる。遷移金属陽イオンの沈殿を助ける陰イオンには、例えばリン酸イオンなどがある遷移金属陽イオン添加による電流低下は、非リン酸緩衝液中で最も顕著であることが認められている。電極を、遷移金属陽イオンを含む緩衝液から遷移金属陽イオンを含まない緩衝液に移すと、元の電流が回復する。
グルコースオキシダーゼは、二酸素(dioxygen)によるD−グルコースのD−グルコノ−1,5−ラクトンと過酸化水素への酸化を触媒するフラボタンパク酵素である。例えばFe2+などの還元型遷移金属陽イオン及び一部の遷移金属錯体は、過酸化水素と反応し得る。その反応によって、有害なOHラジカル及び相当する酸化された陽イオンが形成される。新たに形成されたこれらの遷移金属陽イオンが存在すると酵素が阻害される場合があり、その陽イオンは金属錯体と反応し得る。さらに、酸化遷移金属陽イオンは、酵素のFADH2中心によって、または遷移金属錯体によって還元され得る。
別段の断りがない限り、化学試薬はいずれも、アルドリッチ・ケミカルズ社(Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI)その他の入手先から入手可能である。
混合物を90℃で3〜4時間撹拌することで、化合物H(10%スチレン、アルドリッチ(Aldrich))(2.37g)をDMF(20mL)に溶かした。6−ブロモヘキサン酸(0.66g)を10分間かけて滴下し、得られた溶液を90℃で24時間撹拌した。溶液をEtOAc300mLに投入し、沈殿を吸引濾過によって回収した。ガム状生成物を最小量のメタノールに再度溶かし、エーテル(200mL)で析出させた。生成物を50℃で高真空下に2日間乾燥させた。
温度計及び滴下漏斗を取り付けた250mLの三つ首丸底フラスコ中、6−メチルピリジン−2−カルボキシアルデヒド(26g、0.21mol)及びグリオキサール(40%、30mL)のEtOH(50mL)溶液を、NaCl/氷浴で撹拌した。溶液が冷却されて5℃以下となった時点で、滴下漏斗から濃NH4OHを滴下した。溶液の温度が5℃以下に維持されるように滴下速度を制御した。滴下後、黄色溶液の撹拌を氷浴で1時間、室温で終夜続けた。明黄色結晶を吸引濾過によって回収し、H2O(20mL)で洗浄した。結晶をH2O(200mL)に再懸濁させ、短時間沸騰させてから吸引濾過して生成物を回収し、それを高真空下に乾燥した。収率:35%。
2−(6−メチル−2−ピリジル)イミダゾール(2.16g)及びナトリウムt−ブトキシド(1.57g)の乾燥DMF(50mL)溶液に、N−(6−ブロモヘキシル)フタルイミド(4.72g)を加えた。得られた溶液を、室温で3時間、60℃で3.5時間撹拌した。溶液をH2O(80mL)に投入し、EtOAcで3回抽出した(100mLで3回)。合わせたEtOAc抽出液を無水Na2SO4で脱水し、溶媒留去して乾固させた。生成物について、EtOAcを溶離液として用いるシリカゲルカラムによって精製を行った。収量:約4.2g。
2−(6−メチル−2−ピリジル)−1−(6−フタルイミド)ヘキシル)イミダゾール(4.2g)のEtOH(50mL)溶液に、ヒドラジン水和物1.5mLを加えた。得られた溶液を80℃で終夜撹拌した。溶液を冷却して室温とし、吸引濾過を行って沈殿を除去した。濾液の溶媒留去を行って粗生成物を得て、それについて溶離液として5%濃NH3H2O/CH3CNを用いるシリカゲルカラム精製を行った。収量:約2.5g。
2,2′−ビイミダゾール(Fieselmann, B. F.ら、Inorg. Chem.、第17巻、2078頁(1978年))(4.6g、34.3mmol)の乾燥DMF(100mL)溶液を、氷水浴で冷却した250mL丸底フラスコ中で撹拌しながら、それにNaH(鉱油中60%品2.7g、68.6mmol)を少量ずつ加えた。溶液をN2下に0℃で1時間撹拌した後、トルエンスルホン酸メチル(10.3mL、68.6mmol)を、注射器を用いて30分間かけて少量ずつ加えた。溶液の撹拌を氷水浴で1時間、室温で3時間続けた。溶媒を減圧蒸留によって除去した。暗色残留物をエーテルで磨砕し、次に吸引濾過し、真空乾燥した。生成物を昇華によって精製した。収率:80%。
ヘキサクロロオスミウム酸カリウム(1g、2.08mmol)、1,1′−ジメチル−2,2′−ビイミダゾール(0.67g、4.16mmol)及びLiCl(1g、23.8mmol)を、還流冷却管を取り付けた250mL三つ首丸底フラスコ中でエチレングリコール40mLに懸濁させた。懸濁液をN2で15分間脱気し、N2下に油浴にて170℃で7〜8時間撹拌して、暗褐色溶液を得た。溶媒を浴温90〜100℃での高真空蒸留によって除去した。ガム状固体をアセトンで2回(50mLで2回)、H2Oで1回(50mL)磨砕した。生成物を、高真空下に50℃で24時間乾燥した。
[Os(1,1′−ジメチル−2,2′−ビイミダゾール)2Cl2]Cl(0.525g)及び1−(6−アミノヘキシル)−2−(6−メチル−2−ピリジル)イミダゾール(0.248g)のエチレングリコール(40mL)中混合物をN2で10分間脱気し、N2下140℃で24時間撹拌した。エチレングリコールを90℃での高減圧蒸留によって除去した。残留物をH2O 150mLに溶かし、得られた溶液を開放空気中で24時間撹拌して、Os(II)を完全に酸化してOs(III)とした。その溶液を、高速で攪拌されているNH4PF6(4.2g)のH2O(100mL)溶液に投入した。沈殿を吸引濾過によって回収し、H2Oで洗浄した(10mLで2回)。粗生成物をCH3CN15mLに再度溶かし、NH4PF6(2.2g)のH2O(200mL)溶液を撹拌したものに加えた。得られた沈殿を吸引濾過によって回収し、H2O(100mL)で洗浄し、高真空下に45℃で乾燥した。収量:0.6g。
化合物Gについて記載の方法を用いて、ポリマーI及び錯体Kから、ポリマーオスミウム化合物を合成した。
100mL丸底フラスコ中で酢酸30mLに溶かした4−ニトロ−2,2′−ビピリジル−N−オキサイド(Wenkert,D.、Woodward,R.B.J.、Org. chem.、第48巻、283頁(1983年))(5g)に、臭化アセチル16mLを加えた。黄色混合物を1.5時間還流させ、次にロータリーエバポレータによって乾固させた。得られた明黄色固体は、それ以上精製を行わなくとも、次の段階には十分な純度を有するものであった。収率:95%。
4−ブロモ−2,2′−ビピリジル−N−オキサイドのCHCl3(60mL)懸濁液を撹拌しながら、それにPCl3 12mLを室温で加えた。混合物をN2下に2時間還流させ、次に冷却して室温とした。反応混合物を氷水100mLに投入した。水相を分液し、保存した。CHCl3層をH2Oで3回抽出し(60mLで3回)、廃棄した。合わせた水溶液をNaHCO3粉末で中和して約pH7〜8とした。得られた白色沈殿を吸引濾過によって回収し、H2O(30mL)で洗浄し、減圧下に50℃で24時間乾燥させた。収率:85%。
250mL丸底フラスコ中の4−ブロモ−2,2′−ビピリジル(2.5g)及び1,6−ジアミノヘキサン(15g)の混合物をN2下に油浴で140℃にて4〜5時間加熱した。過剰の1,6−ジアミノヘキサンを90〜120℃での高減圧蒸留によって除去した。生成物について、5%NH4OH/イソプロピルアルコールを溶離液とするシリカゲルカラムにより精製した。収率:70%。
化合物Kについて記載の方法を用いて、4−((6−アミノヘキシル)アミノ)−2,2′−ビピリジン及び[Os(1,1′−ジメチル−2,2′−ビイミダゾール)2Cl2]Clから、化合物Nを生成した。
化合物M(37mg、International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ, USA)のCH3CN(2mL)及びTHF(0.5mL)溶液に、化合物N(51mg)を加え、次にN,N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン2滴を加えた。得られた溶液を室温で24時間撹拌した。H2O(5mL)を加え、溶液をさらに24時間撹拌した。溶液を追加のH2O(50mL)で希釈し、化合物Gの精製について前述したように繰り返し限外濾過によって透析した。透析溶液を凍結乾燥して、化合物Oを得た。
Claims (17)
- ポリマー遷移金属錯体において、
ポリマー骨格と、
複数のスペーサーであって、各スペーサーが前記ポリマー骨格に共有結合し、その骨格から延びており、各スペーサーが、−(CRrRs)−、−O−、−S−、−C(O)O−、−S(O)2NRk−、−OC(O)NRm−、−OC(S)NRn−、−C(O)NRt−、−NRu−、−CRv=N−O−、−CRw=NNRx−及び(SiRyRz)−のうちから選択される少なくとも1個の非環状官能基を含み、Rr及びRsが独立に、水素、塩素、フッ素、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル、アルコキシ、アルケニルまたはアルキニルであり、かつRk、Rm、Rn、Rt、Ru、Rv、Rw、Rx、Ry及びRzが独立に、水素または置換もしくは未置換アルキルであるスペーサーと、
複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する遷移金属錯体とを有するポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化1】
[式中、
Mはオスミウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、コバルトまたは鉄であり、
L1は、複素環を含む配位子であり、かつ該複素環のヘテロ原子を介してMに配位結合しており、
L2、L3、L4、L5及びL6は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L1、L2、L3、L4、L5及びL6はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
L1、L2、L3、L4、L5及びL6のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記スペーサーのいずれかに共有結合している]
- L1の前記複素環が含窒素複素環を有し、該複素環の窒素原子を介してMに配位結合している請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 前記含窒素複素環が、置換もしくは未置換のピリジン、イミダゾール、2,2’−ビピリジン、2−(2−ピリジル)イミダゾールまたは2,2’−ビイミダゾールを有する請求項2に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のそれぞれが含窒素複素環を有する請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも2個が組み合わさって、少なくとも1個の多座配位子を形成している請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも4個が組み合わさって、置換及び未置換の2,2’−ビピリジン類、2−(2−ピリジル)イミダゾール類及び2,2’−ビイミダゾール類のうちから選択される少なくとも2個の多座配位子を形成している請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 前記遷移金属錯体が、少なくとも1個の置換または未置換の2,2’−ビイミダゾールまたは2−(2−ピリジル)イミダゾールを有する請求項6に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 各スペーサーが、−(CR r R s )−、−O−、−S−、−S(O) 2 NR k −、−OC(O)NR m −、−OC(S)NR n −、−C(O)NR t −及びNR u −のうちから選択される少なくとも4個の非環状官能基を有し、R k 、R m 、R n 、R r 、R s 、R t 及びR u が独立に、水素及び置換もしくは未置換アルキルのうちから選択される請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 各スペーサーが複素環をさらに有する請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 前記スペーサーの少なくとも1個の非環状官能基が、前記スペーサーの前記複素環と前記遷移金属錯体との間に配置されている請求項9に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
- 前記遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化2】
[式中、
Mは、鉄、コバルト、ルテニウム、オスミウムまたはバナジウムであり、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
R 1 及びR 2 は独立に、置換または未置換のアルキルであり、
R 3 、R 4 、R 5 及びR 6 は独立に、−H、−F、−Cl、−Brまたは置換もしくは未置換C1〜C12アルキルであり、
cは、正電荷または負電荷を示す−1〜−5または+1〜+5から選択される整数であり、 Xは少なくとも1個の対イオンを表し、
dは、対イオンXの数を表す1〜5の整数である]
- 前記遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化3】
[式中、
Mは、鉄、コバルト、ルテニウム、オスミウムまたはバナジウムであり、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
R’ 1 は、置換または未置換アルキルであり、
R’ 3 及びR’ 4 は独立に、−H、−F、−Cl、−Brまたは置換または未置換のアルキルであり、
R a 、R b 、R c 及びR d は独立に、−H、−F、−Cl、−Br、−CN、−CO 2 H、−SO 3 H、−NO 2 、−NH 2 、−NHNH 2 、−SH、または置換もしくは未置換のC1〜C12アルキルアミノ、C2〜C24ジアルキルアミノ、C1〜C12アルコキシまたはC1〜C12アルキルであり、
cは、正電荷または負電荷を示す−1〜−5または+1〜+5から選択される整数であ
り、
Xは少なくとも1個の対イオンを表し、
dは、対イオンXの数を表す1〜5の整数である]
- 前記遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する請求項1に記載のポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化4】
[式中、
Mは、鉄、コバルト、ルテニウム、オスミウムまたはバナジウムであり、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、及びL 4 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
R 18 及びR 21 は独立に、−H、−F、−Cl、−Br、−CN、−CO 2 H、−OH、−SO 3 H、−NO 2 、−NH 2 、−NHNH 2 、−SH、または置換もしくは未置換のC1〜C12アルキルアミノ、C2〜C24ジアルキルアミノ、C1〜C12アルコキシまたはC1〜C12アルキルであり、
R 16 、R 17 、R 19 、R 20 、R 22 及びR 23 は独立に、−Hまたは置換もしくは未置換C1〜C12アルキルであり、
cは、正電荷または負電荷を示す−1〜−5または+1〜+5から選択される整数であり、
Xは少なくとも1個の対イオンを表し、
dは、対イオンXの数を表す1〜5の整数である]
- ポリマー遷移金属錯体において、
a)ポリマー骨格及び該ポリマー骨格から延びる複数のペンダント基を有するポリマーであって、該ペンダント基の少なくとも一部が反応性基を有するポリマーと、
b)複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する錯体との反応生成物を含むポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化5】
[式中、
Mはオスミウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、コバルトまたは鉄であり、 L 1 は、複素環を含む配位子であり、かつ該複素環のヘテロ原子を介してMに配位結合しており、
L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記ポリマーの反応性基のいずれかと反応可能な反応性基を有する]
- ポリマー遷移金属錯体において、
ポリマー骨格と、
複数のスペーサーであって、各スペーサーが前記ポリマー骨格に共有結合し、その骨格から延びており、各スペーサーが少なくとも4個の原子の可撓性鎖を有するスペーサーと、
複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が、下記式の構造を有する遷移金属錯体とを有するポリマー遷移金属錯体。
【化6】
[式中、
Mはオスミウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、コバルトまたは鉄であり、
L 1 は、複素環を含む配位子であり、かつ該複素環のヘテロ原子を介してMに配位結合しており、
L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記スペーサーのいずれかに共有結合している]
- 酸化還元メディエーターにおいて、
ポリマー骨格と、
複数のスペーサーであって、各スペーサーが前記ポリマー骨格に共有結合し、その骨格から延びており、各スペーサーが、−(CR r R s )−、−O−、−S−、−C(O)O−、−S(O) 2 NR k −、−OC(O)NR m −、−OC(S)NR n −、−C(O)NR t −、−NR u −、−CR v =N−O−、−CR w =NNR x −及び(SiR y R z )−のうちか
ら選択される少なくとも1個の非環状官能基を有し、R r 及びR s が独立に、水素、塩素、フッ素、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル、アルコキシ、アルケニルまたはアルキニルであり、R k 、R m 、R n 、R t 、R u 、R v 、R w 、R x 、R y 及びR z が独立に、水素または置換もしくは未置換アルキルであるスペーサーと、
複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する遷移金属錯体とを有する酸化還元メディエーター。
【化7】
[式中、
Mはオスミウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、コバルトまたは鉄であり、
L 1 は、複素環を含む配位子であり、かつ該複素環のヘテロ原子を介してMに配位結合しており、
L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記スペーサーのいずれかに共有結合している]
- センサーにおいて、
作業電極と、
対電極と、
前記作業電極に近接して配置された酸化還元メディエーターとを有し、前記酸化還元メディエーターは、
ポリマー骨格と、
複数のスペーサーであって、各スペーサーが前記ポリマー骨格に共有結合し、その骨格から延びており、各スペーサーが、−(CR r R s )−、−O−、−S−、−C(O)O−、−S(O) 2 NR k −、−OC(O)NR m −、−OC(S)NR n −、−C(O)NR t −、−NR u −、−CR v =N−O−、−CR w =NNR x −及び(SiR y R z )−のうちから選択される少なくとも1個の非環状官能基を有し、R r 及びR s が独立に、水素、塩素、フッ素、または置換もしくは未置換のアルキル、アルコキシ、アルケニルまたはアルキニルであり、R k 、R m 、R n 、R t 、R u 、R v 、R w 、R x 、R y 及びR z が独立に、水素または置換もしくは未置換アルキルであるスペーサーと、
複数の遷移金属錯体であって、各遷移金属錯体が下記式の構造を有する遷移金属錯体とを有する、センサー。
【化8】
[式中、
Mはオスミウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、コバルトまたは鉄であり、 L 1 は、複素環を含む配位子であり、該複素環のヘテロ原子を介してMに配位結合しており、
L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 は含窒素複素環を有する配位子であって、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 はそれぞれ独立に、一座配位子であるか、または少なくとも1個の他の配位子と組み合わさって多座配位子を形成しており、
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 及びL 6 のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記スペーサーのいずれかに共有結合している]
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