JP5275577B2 - Refrigerator oil and working fluid composition for refrigerator - Google Patents
Refrigerator oil and working fluid composition for refrigerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5275577B2 JP5275577B2 JP2007082277A JP2007082277A JP5275577B2 JP 5275577 B2 JP5275577 B2 JP 5275577B2 JP 2007082277 A JP2007082277 A JP 2007082277A JP 2007082277 A JP2007082277 A JP 2007082277A JP 5275577 B2 JP5275577 B2 JP 5275577B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- acid
- fatty acid
- ester
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- -1 pentaerythritol Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 35
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 30
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 14
- OILUAKBAMVLXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C OILUAKBAMVLXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010726 refrigerant oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- SZSSMFVYZRQGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC(CO)(CO)CO SZSSMFVYZRQGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical group N1C(=O)CCC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010735 electrical insulating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 2
- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQERIDTXQFOHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LQERIDTXQFOHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEZVDURJDFGERA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XEZVDURJDFGERA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSMIOONHPKRREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCO XSMIOONHPKRREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-SYDPRGILSA-N (1s,5r)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2O[C@H]21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-SYDPRGILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMCVHMWMWTINX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4-trichlorophenyl) dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl XKMCVHMWMWTINX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKIRNCACNZXACZ-VFQQELCFSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ZKIRNCACNZXACZ-VFQQELCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRXXERHTOVVTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F HRXXERHTOVVTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSZTYVZOIUIIGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxyhexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 DSZTYVZOIUIIGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMMTVYUCEFJZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-pentanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CCO LMMTVYUCEFJZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVETUDAIEHYIKZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N tris[(z)-octadec-9-enyl] phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SVETUDAIEHYIKZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYFGCJADJYRNAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritetradecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WYFGCJADJYRNAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEQUZHYCHCGTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritridecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC XEQUZHYCHCGTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUZOHRHSQCIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triundecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCC SUZOHRHSQCIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKPASDNOVTUNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triundecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCC UKPASDNOVTUNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、炭化水素冷媒が用いられる冷凍空調機器に使用される冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil and a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine used in a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus in which a hydrocarbon refrigerant is used.
近年のオゾン層破壊の問題から、従来冷凍空調機器の冷媒として使用されてきたCFC(クロロフルオロカーボン)およびHCFC(ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン)が規制の対象となり、これらに代わってHFC(ハイドロフルオロカーボン)が冷媒として使用されつつある。しかし、HFCの中にはGWP(地球温暖化係数)が高いものがあり、最近の温暖化防止対策の観点からHFCも規制される方向にある。そこで、GWPの低い冷媒の使用が検討されており、中でも従前使用されている炭化水素系冷媒が見直されている。 Due to the problem of ozone layer destruction in recent years, CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) and HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon), which have been used as refrigerants in conventional refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, are subject to regulation, and HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) as a refrigerant instead. It is being used. However, some HFCs have a high GWP (Global Warming Potential), and HFCs are also being regulated from the viewpoint of recent warming prevention measures. Therefore, the use of a refrigerant having a low GWP has been studied, and among them, hydrocarbon refrigerants that have been used in the past have been reviewed.
炭化水素冷媒用の冷凍機油としては、ナフテン系又はパラフィン系の鉱物油、アルキルベンゼン油、エーテル油、エステル油、鉱油とエステルの混合油などが提案されている(特許文献1〜6を参照)。
近年、様々な分野にて省エネルギーへの関心が高まっている中、冷凍空調機器の分野においても熱効率の向上や消費電力低減などの省エネルギー対策が検討されている。 In recent years, with increasing interest in energy conservation in various fields, energy conservation measures such as improving thermal efficiency and reducing power consumption are also being studied in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.
省エネルギー対策において冷凍機油の側から貢献する手段としては、冷凍機油の低粘度化によるエネルギー効率の向上並びに冷媒圧縮機内での撹拌抵抗の低減が考えられる。しかし、炭化水素冷媒用の低粘度化については未だ十分な検討がなされていないのが実情である。 As means for contributing to energy saving measures from the refrigeration oil side, it is conceivable to improve the energy efficiency by reducing the viscosity of the refrigeration oil and reduce the stirring resistance in the refrigerant compressor. However, the actual situation is that sufficient studies have not yet been made on reducing the viscosity of hydrocarbon refrigerants.
冷凍機油は、冷媒存在下で使用されるという点で、空気雰囲気等で使用される他の潤滑油とはその使用環境が大きく異なる。そして、このことが他の潤滑油分野における低粘度化技術をそのまま冷凍機油に適用できない一因となっている。すなわち、エネルギー効率の向上や撹拌抵抗の低減の観点からは冷凍機油の動粘度が低いことが望ましいが、単に冷凍機油を低粘度化した場合、冷凍システム内で冷媒が冷凍機油に溶解することにより冷凍機油と冷媒との混合物である流体組成物の粘度(冷媒溶解粘度)が大きく低下し、冷媒圧縮機の圧縮部での吹き抜け、潤滑不良などの問題が懸念される。 Refrigeration oil is used in the presence of a refrigerant, and therefore the usage environment is significantly different from other lubricating oils used in an air atmosphere or the like. This is one of the reasons why the technology for reducing viscosity in other lubricating oil fields cannot be applied to refrigeration oil as it is. That is, from the viewpoint of improving energy efficiency and reducing stirring resistance, it is desirable that the refrigerating machine oil has a low kinematic viscosity, but when the refrigerating machine oil is simply reduced in viscosity, the refrigerant dissolves in the refrigerating machine oil in the refrigerating system. The viscosity (refrigerant dissolution viscosity) of the fluid composition, which is a mixture of refrigeration oil and refrigerant, is greatly reduced, and there are concerns about problems such as blow-through and poor lubrication in the compression section of the refrigerant compressor.
一方、冷凍空調機器の冷媒循環システムにおいては、その機構上、冷媒圧縮機内の冷凍機油の一部が冷媒と共に循環流路に吐出される。ここで、冷媒圧縮機内の冷凍機油の量が不足することによる潤滑不良等を防ぐためには、吐出された冷凍機油が循環流路を通って冷媒圧縮機に戻ること(オイル戻り性)が重要となる。そして、一般的に、冷媒相溶性が良好な冷凍機油ほど、オイル戻り性に優れ、その反面、冷媒溶解粘度が低下しやすいという傾向にある。 On the other hand, in the refrigerant circulation system of the refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment, due to the mechanism, a part of the refrigerating machine oil in the refrigerant compressor is discharged together with the refrigerant to the circulation flow path. Here, in order to prevent poor lubrication due to an insufficient amount of refrigerating machine oil in the refrigerant compressor, it is important that the discharged refrigerating machine oil returns to the refrigerant compressor through the circulation channel (oil returnability). Become. In general, the refrigerating machine oil having better refrigerant compatibility is more excellent in oil return, whereas the refrigerant dissolution viscosity tends to be lowered.
このように、相反する関係にある冷凍機油の低粘度化と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立すること、あるいは冷凍機油の冷媒相溶性と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立することは非常に困難であり、この点で、上記従来の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は未だ改善の余地がある。 As described above, it is very difficult to achieve both the reduction of the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil and the maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity, or the compatibility of the refrigerant compatibility of the refrigerating machine oil and the maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity. In this respect, the conventional refrigerant refrigerant for hydrocarbon refrigerant still has room for improvement.
本発明は、このような実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、低粘度化と冷媒溶解粘度の維持との両立並びに冷凍機油の冷媒相溶性と冷媒溶解粘度の維持との両立が可能な炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and the purpose thereof is to achieve both a reduction in viscosity and maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity, and a compatibility between maintenance of refrigerant compatibility of refrigerant oil and refrigerant dissolution viscosity. An object is to provide a refrigerating machine oil for a hydrocarbon refrigerant and a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、エステルの構成脂肪酸として特定の脂肪酸組成を有する脂肪酸を、構成アルコールとして多価アルコールを、それぞれ用いることによって上記課題が解決されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have solved the above problems by using a fatty acid having a specific fatty acid composition as a constituent fatty acid of an ester and a polyhydric alcohol as a constituent alcohol. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、炭素数14〜18の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル%である脂肪酸とネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ジ−トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトールおよびジ−ペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールとのエステル(以下、「本発明にかかるエステル」ともいう。)を含有することを特徴とする。 That is, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention comprises a fatty acid in which the ratio of branched fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms is 40 to 100 mol%, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, di-trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and It contains an ester with at least one polyhydric alcohol selected from di-pentaerythritol (hereinafter also referred to as “ester according to the present invention”).
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、上記構成を備えるため、相反する関係にある冷凍機油の低粘度化と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立することができ、また、冷媒相溶性と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立することができる。したがって、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油を用いることによって、冷媒圧縮機の摺動部における冷媒ガスのシール性、摺動部における潤滑性、冷媒圧縮機のエネルギー効率の全てを高水準で達成することができ、その結果、冷凍空調機器の省エネルギー性と高信頼性とを両立することができる。 Since the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it is possible to achieve both a reduction in viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil having a contradictory relationship and maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity, and refrigerant compatibility and refrigerant dissolution. Both maintenance of viscosity can be achieved. Therefore, by using the refrigeration oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention, the refrigerant gas sealability at the sliding portion of the refrigerant compressor, the lubricity at the sliding portion, and the energy efficiency of the refrigerant compressor are all achieved at a high level. As a result, it is possible to achieve both energy saving and high reliability of the refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル以上である脂肪酸と、2〜6個の水酸基を有する多価アルコールとのエステルを含有することが好ましい。2〜6個の水酸基を有する多価アルコールとしては、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロールプロパン)及びジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)から選ばれる1種又は2種以上であることが好ましい。 Moreover, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of the present invention contains an ester of a fatty acid having a proportion of branched fatty acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms of 40 to 100 mol and a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups. It is preferable to do. The polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups is selected from neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, di- (trimethylolpropane), tri- (trimethylolpropane) and di- (pentaerythritol). It is preferable that it is 1 type or 2 types or more.
またさらに、上記本発明にかかるエステルにおいては、その構成脂肪酸に占める炭素数18の分岐脂肪酸の割合が50〜100モル%であることが好ましい。 Furthermore, in the ester according to the present invention, the proportion of the branched fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid is preferably 50 to 100 mol%.
また、本発明は、炭素数14〜18の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル%である脂肪酸とネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ジ−トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトールおよびジ−ペンタエリスリトールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の多価アルコールとのエステルと、炭化水素冷媒とを含有することを特徴とする冷凍機用作動流体組成物を提供する。
Further, the present invention is selected from fatty acids in which the ratio of branched fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms is 40 to 100 mol%, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, di-trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and di-pentaerythritol. Provided is a working fluid composition for a refrigerator comprising an ester with at least one polyhydric alcohol and a hydrocarbon refrigerant.
本発明の冷凍機用作動流体組成物は、上記本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油を含有するため、相反する関係にある冷凍機油の低粘度化と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立することができ、また、冷媒相溶性と冷媒溶解粘度の維持とを両立することができる。したがって、本発明の冷凍機用作動流体組成物を用いることによって、冷媒圧縮機の摺動部における冷媒ガスのシール性、摺動部における潤滑性、冷媒圧縮機のエネルギー効率の全てを高水準で達成することができ、その結果、冷凍空調機器の省エネルギー性と高信頼性とを両立することができる。 Since the working fluid composition for a refrigerator of the present invention contains the refrigerant oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention described above, it is possible to achieve both a reduction in the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil having a conflicting relationship and the maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity. In addition, it is possible to achieve both compatibility of the refrigerant and maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity. Therefore, by using the working fluid composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention, the refrigerant gas sealability in the sliding portion of the refrigerant compressor, the lubricity in the sliding portion, and the energy efficiency of the refrigerant compressor are all at a high level. As a result, it is possible to achieve both energy saving and high reliability of the refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment.
以上の通り、本発明によれば、低粘度化と冷媒溶解粘度の維持との両立並びに冷凍機油の冷媒相溶性と冷媒溶解粘度の維持との両立が可能な炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物が提供される。 As described above, according to the present invention, the refrigerant oil and the refrigerating machine for hydrocarbon refrigerant capable of achieving both the low viscosity and the maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity and the compatibility of the refrigerant compatibility of the refrigerating machine oil and the maintenance of the refrigerant dissolution viscosity. A working fluid composition is provided.
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル%である脂肪酸と多価アルコールとのエステルを含有する。また、本発明の冷凍機用作動流体組成物は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル%である脂肪酸と多価アルコールとのエステルと、炭化水素冷媒とを含有する。なお、本発明の冷凍機用作動流体組成物には、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油と炭化水素冷媒とを含有する態様が包含される。 The refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention contains an ester of a fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol in which the ratio of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms is 40 to 100 mol%. Moreover, the working fluid composition for refrigerators of this invention contains the ester of the fatty acid and polyhydric alcohol whose ratio of a C14-C20 branched fatty acid is 40-100 mol%, and a hydrocarbon refrigerant | coolant. In addition, the aspect containing the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of this invention and a hydrocarbon refrigerant is included in the working fluid composition for refrigerators of this invention.
本発明にかかるエステルを構成する脂肪酸(以下、「構成脂肪酸」という。)に占める炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合は、前述の通り40〜100モル%であり、好ましくは50〜100モル%、より好ましくは60〜100モル%である。炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40モル%未満の場合、炭化水素冷媒の共存下での潤滑性が不十分となる。炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸としては、具体的には、分岐状のテトラデカン酸、分岐状のペンタデカン酸、分岐状のヘキサデカン酸、分岐状のヘプタデカン酸、分岐状のオクタデカン酸、分岐状のノナデカン酸、分岐状のイコサン酸、分岐状のヘンイコサン酸、分岐状のドコサン酸が挙げられ、分岐状のヘキサデカン酸、分岐状のヘプタデカン酸、分岐状のオクタデカン酸が好ましく、分岐状のオクタデカン酸がより好ましい。 The proportion of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid (hereinafter referred to as “constituent fatty acid”) constituting the ester according to the present invention is 40 to 100 mol%, preferably 50 to 100 mol as described above. %, More preferably 60 to 100 mol%. When the proportion of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms is less than 40 mol%, the lubricity in the presence of the hydrocarbon refrigerant becomes insufficient. Specific examples of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms include branched tetradecanoic acid, branched pentadecanoic acid, branched hexadecanoic acid, branched heptadecanoic acid, branched octadecanoic acid, and branched nonadecane. Acid, branched icosanoic acid, branched henicosanoic acid, branched docosanoic acid, branched hexadecanoic acid, branched heptadecanoic acid, branched octadecanoic acid are preferred, and branched octadecanoic acid is more preferred. preferable.
また、構成脂肪酸は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が上記条件を満たす限りにおいて、分岐脂肪酸のみを含むものであってもよく、あるいは分岐脂肪酸と直鎖脂肪酸との混合物であってもよい。さらに、構成脂肪酸は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸以外の分岐脂肪酸を含んでいてもよい。 Further, the constituent fatty acid may contain only the branched fatty acid as long as the ratio of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms satisfies the above conditions, or may be a mixture of the branched fatty acid and the linear fatty acid. Good. Furthermore, the constituent fatty acid may contain a branched fatty acid other than the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸以外の脂肪酸としては、例えば、炭素数6〜24の直鎖脂肪酸、炭素数6〜13および炭素数21〜24の分岐脂肪酸が挙げられ、より具体的には、直鎖状又は分岐状のヘキサン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のヘプタン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のオクタン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のノナン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のデカン酸C、直鎖状又は分岐状のウンデカン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のドデカン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のトリデカン酸、直鎖状のテトラデカン酸、直鎖状のペンタデカン酸、直鎖のヘキサデカン酸、直鎖状のヘプタデカン酸、直鎖状のオクタデカン酸、直鎖状のノナデカン酸、直鎖状のエイコサン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のヘンイコサン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のドコサン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のトリコサン酸、直鎖状又は分岐状のテトラコサン酸等が挙げられる。 Examples of fatty acids other than branched fatty acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms include linear fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, branched fatty acids having 6 to 13 carbon atoms and 21 to 24 carbon atoms, and more specifically, Linear or branched hexanoic acid, linear or branched heptanoic acid, linear or branched octanoic acid, linear or branched nonanoic acid, linear or branched decanoic acid C , Linear or branched undecanoic acid, linear or branched dodecanoic acid, linear or branched tridecanoic acid, linear tetradecanoic acid, linear pentadecanoic acid, linear hexadecanoic acid Linear heptadecanoic acid, linear octadecanoic acid, linear nonadecanoic acid, linear eicosanoic acid, linear or branched heicosanoic acid, linear or branched docosanoic acid, direct Chain or branched tricosanoic acid, linear Or a branched tetracosanoic acid etc. are mentioned.
また、構成脂肪酸の炭素数分布は、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が上記条件を満たす限りにおいて特に制限されないが、炭化水素冷媒の共存下での流動性及び潤滑性を好適に確保する観点から、炭素数16〜18の脂肪酸(直鎖脂肪酸及び分岐脂肪酸の双方を含む。)の割合が40〜100モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは50〜100モル%、さらに好ましくは60〜100モル%、一層好ましくは80〜100モル%、特に好ましくは90〜100モル%、最も好ましくは95〜100モル%である。炭素数16〜18の脂肪酸の割合が40モル%未満の場合、炭化水素冷媒の共存下での潤滑性が低下する傾向にある。また、炭素数16〜18の脂肪酸の割合が40モル%以上の場合、適度な冷媒溶解粘度が維持できずエネルギー効率の低下が懸念される。 Further, the carbon number distribution of the constituent fatty acid is not particularly limited as long as the ratio of the branched fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms satisfies the above conditions, but preferably ensures fluidity and lubricity in the presence of a hydrocarbon refrigerant. From the viewpoint, the proportion of fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms (including both straight-chain fatty acids and branched fatty acids) is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 60. -100 mol%, more preferably 80-100 mol%, particularly preferably 90-100 mol%, most preferably 95-100 mol%. When the proportion of the fatty acid having 16 to 18 carbon atoms is less than 40 mol%, the lubricity in the presence of a hydrocarbon refrigerant tends to decrease. Moreover, when the ratio of a C16-C18 fatty acid is 40 mol% or more, an appropriate refrigerant melt viscosity cannot be maintained, and there is a concern about a decrease in energy efficiency.
またさらに、本発明にかかるエステルにおいては、炭化水素冷媒の共存下での流動性及び潤滑性を好適に確保する観点から、構成脂肪酸に占める炭素数18の分岐脂肪酸の割合が50〜100モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60〜100モル%、更に好ましくは70〜100モル%である。 Furthermore, in the ester according to the present invention, the proportion of the branched fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid is 50 to 100 mol% from the viewpoint of suitably ensuring fluidity and lubricity in the presence of a hydrocarbon refrigerant. More preferably, it is 60-100 mol%, More preferably, it is 70-100 mol%.
また、本発明にかかるエステルを構成する多価アルコールとしては、水酸基を2〜6個有する多価アルコールが好ましく用いられる。炭化水素冷媒の共存下で高水準の潤滑性を得る観点からは、4〜6個の水酸基を有する多価アルコールを用いることが好ましく、また、炭化水素冷媒の共存下で高水準のエネルギー効率を得る観点からは、2個又は3個の水酸基有する多価アルコールを用いることが好ましい Moreover, as a polyhydric alcohol which comprises the ester concerning this invention, the polyhydric alcohol which has 2-6 hydroxyl groups is used preferably. From the viewpoint of obtaining a high level of lubricity in the presence of a hydrocarbon refrigerant, it is preferable to use a polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and a high level of energy efficiency in the presence of a hydrocarbon refrigerant. From the viewpoint of obtaining, it is preferable to use a polyhydric alcohol having 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
2価アルコール(ジオール)としては、具体的には例えば、エチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,2−ブタンジオール、2ーメチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、2−エチル−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,7−ヘプタンジオール、2−メチル−2−プロピル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2,2−ジエチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、1,8−オクタンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、1,10−デカンジオール、1,11−ウンデカンジオール、1,12−ドデカンジオールなどが挙げられる。また、3価以上のアルコールとしては、具体的には例えば、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、ジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)、トリ−(ペンタエリスリトール)、グリセリン、ポリグリセリン(グリセリンの2〜3量体)、1,3,5ーペンタントリオール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ソルビトールグリセリン縮合物、アドニトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、マンニトールなどの多価アルコール、キシロース、アラビノース、リボース、ラムノース、グルコース、フルクトース、ガラクトース、マンノース、ソルボース、セロビオース、などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、ジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)、などのヒンダードアルコールが好ましい。 Specific examples of the dihydric alcohol (diol) include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propane. Diol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl- 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1, Examples thereof include 12-dodecanediol. Specific examples of trihydric or higher alcohols include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di- (trimethylolpropane), tri- (trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di- ( Pentaerythritol), tri- (pentaerythritol), glycerin, polyglycerol (glycerin 2-3 trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerol condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol And polyhydric alcohols such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, and cellobiose. Among these, hindered such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), tri- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol, di- (pentaerythritol), etc. Alcohol is preferred.
本発明にかかるエステルとしては、より加水分解安定性に優れることから、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、ジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロールプロパン)、ペンタエリスリトール、ジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)、トリ−(ペンタエリスリトール)などのヒンダードアルコールの完全エステルがより好ましく、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタンおよびペンタエリスリトールの完全エステルがさらにより好ましく、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン及びペンタエリスリトールの完全エステルが特に好ましく、冷媒との相溶性および加水分解安定性に特に優れることからペンタエリスリトールの完全エステルが最も好ましい。 Since the ester according to the present invention is more excellent in hydrolytic stability, neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), tri- (trimethylol propane), More preferred are hindered alcohol complete esters such as pentaerythritol, di- (pentaerythritol), tri- (pentaerythritol), neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane and pentaerythritol complete esters. Even more preferable, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and complete ester of pentaerythritol are particularly preferable, and particularly excellent in compatibility with the refrigerant and hydrolytic stability. Complete esters of Luo pentaerythritol is most preferred.
本発明にかかるエステルは、単一の構造のエステルの1種からなるものであっても良く、構造の異なる2種以上のエステルの混合物であっても良い。 The ester according to the present invention may be composed of one kind of ester having a single structure, or may be a mixture of two or more kinds of esters having different structures.
また、本発明にかかるエステルは、1種の脂肪酸と1種の多価アルコールとの完全エステル、2種以上の脂肪酸と1種の多価アルコールとの完全エステル、1種の脂肪酸と2種以上の多価アルコールとの完全エステル、2種以上の脂肪酸と2種以上の多価アルコールとの完全エステルのいずれであってもよい。これらの中でも、混合脂肪酸を用いたエステル、特に完全エステル分子中に2種以上の脂肪酸を含んで構成されるポリオールエステルは、低温特性や冷媒との相溶性に優れる。 The ester according to the present invention is a complete ester of one fatty acid and one polyhydric alcohol, a complete ester of two or more fatty acids and one polyhydric alcohol, one fatty acid and two or more. Any of complete esters of polyhydric alcohols, and complete esters of two or more fatty acids and two or more polyhydric alcohols may be used. Among these, esters using mixed fatty acids, particularly polyol esters composed of two or more fatty acids in a complete ester molecule, are excellent in low-temperature characteristics and compatibility with refrigerants.
なお、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、本発明にかかるエステルの優れた効果が損なわれない限りにおいて、炭素数14〜20の分岐脂肪酸の割合が40〜100モル%である脂肪酸と多価アルコールとの部分エステルを含有してもよい。ここで、部分エステルとは、多価アルコールの水酸の一部がエステル化されずに水酸基のまま残っているエステルを意味する。前記の部分エステルは、本発明にかかるエステルを合成する際に副生成物としても存在する。合成して得られた本発明にかかるエステルの純度は、合成物の水酸基価で規定され、水酸基価が20mgKOH/g以下が好ましく、10mgKOH/g以下がより好ましく、5mgKOH/g以下がさらに好ましい。 Note that the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not limited to fatty acids having a ratio of branched fatty acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms of 40 to 100 mol%, as long as the excellent effects of the ester according to the present invention are not impaired. You may contain the partial ester with a monohydric alcohol. Here, the partial ester means an ester in which a part of the hydroxyl acid of the polyhydric alcohol remains as a hydroxyl group without being esterified. The partial ester is also present as a by-product when the ester according to the present invention is synthesized. The purity of the ester according to the present invention obtained by synthesis is defined by the hydroxyl value of the synthesized product, the hydroxyl value is preferably 20 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 10 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、本発明にかかるエステルのみからなるものであってもよいが、本発明にかかるエステル以外の基油をさらに含有してもよい。本発明にかかるエステル以外の基油としては、鉱油、オレフィン重合体、ナフタレン化合物、アルキルベンゼン等の炭化水素系油、並びに本発明にかかるエステル以外のエステル系基油(モノエステル、構成脂肪酸として直鎖脂肪酸のみを含むポリオールエステル等)、ポリグリコール、ポリビニルエーテル、ケトン、ポリフェニルエーテル、シリコーン、ポリシロキサン、パーフルオロエーテルなどの酸素を含有する合成油を併用して用いても良い。酸素を含有する合成油としては、上記の中でもエステル、ポリグリコール、ポリビニルエーテルが好ましく用いられる。 The refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention may consist only of the ester according to the present invention, but may further contain a base oil other than the ester according to the present invention. Examples of base oils other than esters according to the present invention include mineral oils, olefin polymers, naphthalene compounds, hydrocarbon oils such as alkylbenzenes, and ester base oils other than esters according to the present invention (monoesters, linear as constituent fatty acids) Polyol esters containing only fatty acids, etc.), synthetic oils containing oxygen such as polyglycols, polyvinyl ethers, ketones, polyphenyl ethers, silicones, polysiloxanes and perfluoroethers may be used in combination. Among the above, esters, polyglycols, and polyvinyl ethers are preferably used as the synthetic oil containing oxygen.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油において、本発明にかかるエステルの含有量は特に制限されないが、エネルギー効率、潤滑性、冷媒相溶性、熱・化学安定性、電気絶縁性等の各種性能により優れる点から、冷凍機油全量基準で、10質量%以上が好ましく、20質量%以上がより好ましく、30質量%以上がさらにより好ましく、40質量%以上が一層好ましく、50質量%以上が特に好ましい。また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油における完全エステルの含有量は、本発明にかかるエステルの冷凍機油全量を基準とした含有量が上記条件を満たすように選定することが好ましい。 In the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention, the ester content according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is excellent in various performances such as energy efficiency, lubricity, refrigerant compatibility, thermal / chemical stability, and electrical insulation. In terms of the total amount of refrigerating machine oil, it is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or more, still more preferably 40% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 50% by mass or more. Further, the content of the complete ester in the refrigerant refrigerant for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is preferably selected so that the content of the ester according to the present invention based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil satisfies the above conditions.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、必要に応じて各種添加剤を配合した形で使用することもできる。 Moreover, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of the present invention can be used in a form in which various additives are blended as required.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の耐摩耗性、耐荷重性をさらに改良するために、リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステル、チオリン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステルのアミン塩、塩素化リン酸エステルおよび亜リン酸エステルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のリン化合物を配合することができる。これらのリン化合物は、リン酸または亜リン酸とアルカノール、ポリエーテル型アルコールとのエステルあるいはその誘導体である。 In order to further improve the wear resistance and load bearing capacity of the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention, phosphoric acid ester, acidic phosphoric acid ester, thiophosphoric acid ester, amine salt of acidic phosphoric acid ester, chlorinated phosphoric acid ester And at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of phosphites can be blended. These phosphorus compounds are esters of phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid with alkanols and polyether type alcohols or derivatives thereof.
具体的には例えば、リン酸エステルとしては、トリブチルホスフェート、トリペンチルホスフェート、トリヘキシルホスフェート、トリヘプチルホスフェート、トリオクチルホスフェート、トリノニルホスフェート、トリデシルホスフェート、トリウンデシルホスフェート、トリドデシルホスフェート、トリトリデシルホスフェート、トリテトラデシルホスフェート、トリペンタデシルホスフェート、トリヘキサデシルホスフェート、トリヘプタデシルホスフェート、トリオクタデシルホスフェート、トリオレイルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェート、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリキシレニルホスフェート、クレジルジフェニルホスフェート、キシレニルジフェニルホスフェートなどが挙げられる。 Specifically, for example, as phosphate ester, tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate, tridecyl phosphate, triundecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, tritridecyl Phosphate, tritetradecyl phosphate, tripentadecyl phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, triheptadecyl phosphate, trioctadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, xyl Examples include rhenyl diphenyl phosphate.
酸性リン酸エステルとしては、モノブチルアシッドホスフェート、モノペンチルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘキシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘプチルアシッドホスフェート、モノオクチルアシッドホスフェート、モノノニルアシッドホスフェート、モノデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノウンデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノドデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノトリデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノテトラデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノペンタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘキサデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘプタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノオクタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノオレイルアシッドホスフェート、ジブチルアシッドホスフェート、ジペンチルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘキシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘプチルアシッドホスフェート、ジオクチルアシッドホスフェート、ジノニルアシッドホスフェート、ジデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジウンデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジドデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジトリデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジテトラデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジペンタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘキサデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘプタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジオクタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジオレイルアシッドホスフェートなどが挙げられる。 Examples of acidic phosphate esters include monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate, monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl acid phosphate, monododecyl Acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid phosphate, monohexadecyl acid phosphate, monoheptadecyl acid phosphate, monooctadecyl acid phosphate, monooleyl acid phosphate, dibutyl acid phosphate, dipentyl acid , Dihexyl reed Dophosphate, diheptyl acid phosphate, dioctyl acid phosphate, dinonyl acid phosphate, didecyl acid phosphate, diundecyl acid phosphate, didodecyl acid phosphate, ditridecyl acid phosphate, ditetradecyl acid phosphate, dipentadecyl acid, dipentadecyl acid Examples include hexadecyl acid phosphate, diheptadecyl acid phosphate, dioctadecyl acid phosphate, dioleyl acid phosphate, and the like.
チオリン酸エステルとしては、トリブチルホスフォロチオネート、トリペンチルホスフォロチオネート、トリヘキシルホスフォロチオネート、トリヘプチルホスフォロチオネート、トリオクチルホスフォロチオネート、トリノニルホスフォロチオネート、トリデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリウンデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリドデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリトリデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリテトラデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリペンタデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリヘキサデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリヘプタデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリオクタデシルホスフォロチオネート、トリオレイルホスフォロチオネート、トリフェニルホスフォロチオネート、トリクレジルホスフォロチオネート、トリキシレニルホスフォロチオネート、クレジルジフェニルホスフォロチオネート、キシレニルジフェニルホスフォロチオネートなどが挙げられる。 Examples of thiophosphates include tributyl phosphorothioate, tripentyl phosphorothionate, trihexyl phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl phosphorothioate. Phorothionate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl phosphorothionate, tritridecyl phosphorothionate, tritetradecyl phosphorothionate, tripentadecyl phosphorothionate, trihexadecyl phosphorothionate, Triheptadecyl phosphorothioate, trioctadecyl phosphorothionate, trioleyl phosphorothionate, triphenyl phosphorothionate, tricresyl phosphorothionate, trixyl Cycloalkenyl phosphorothionate, cresyldiphenyl phosphorothionate, like carboxymethyl Les sulfonyl diphenyl phosphorothionate.
酸性リン酸エステルのアミン塩としては、前記酸性リン酸エステルのメチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ペンチルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、ヘプチルアミン、オクチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジブチルアミン、ジペンチルアミン、ジヘキシルアミン、ジヘプチルアミン、ジオクチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリペンチルアミン、トリヘキシルアミン、トリヘプチルアミン、トリオクチルアミンなどのアミンとの塩が挙げられる。 Examples of the amine salt of acidic phosphate ester include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, Examples thereof include salts with amines such as dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine.
塩素化リン酸エステルとしては、トリス・ジクロロプロピルホスフェート、トリス・クロロエチルホスフェート、トリス・クロロフェニルホスフェート、ポリオキシアルキレン・ビス[ジ(クロロアルキル)]ホスフェートなどが挙げられる。亜リン酸エステルとしては、ジブチルホスファイト、ジペンチルホスファイト、ジヘキシルホスファイト、ジヘプチルホスファイト、ジオクチルホスファイト、ジノニルホスファイト、ジデシルホスファイト、ジウンデシルホスファイト、ジドデシルホスファイト、ジオレイルホスファイト、ジフェニルホスファイト、ジクレジルホスファイト、トリブチルホスファイト、トリペンチルホスファイト、トリヘキシルホスファイト、トリヘプチルホスファイト、トリオクチルホスファイト、トリノニルホスファイト、トリデシルホスファイト、トリウンデシルホスファイト、トリドデシルホスファイト、トリオレイルホスファイト、トリフェニルホスファイト、トリクレジルホスファイトなどが挙げられる。また、これらの混合物も使用できる。 Examples of the chlorinated phosphate ester include tris-dichloropropyl phosphate, tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-chlorophenyl phosphate, polyoxyalkylene bis [di (chloroalkyl)] phosphate, and the like. As phosphites, dibutyl phosphite, dipentyl phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, diundecyl phosphite, didodecyl phosphite, dioleyl Phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, triundecyl phosphite Phyto, tridodecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite and the like can be mentioned. Mixtures of these can also be used.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油が上記リン化合物を含有する場合、リン化合物の含有量は特に制限されないが、冷凍機油全量基準(基油と全配合添加剤の合計量基準)で、0.01〜5.0質量%であることが好ましく、0.02〜3.0質量%であることがより好ましい。なお、上記リン化合物は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。 When the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of the present invention contains the above phosphorus compound, the content of the phosphorus compound is not particularly limited, but it is 0.00 on the basis of the total quantity of refrigerating machine oil (based on the total quantity of base oil and all blended additives). The content is preferably 01 to 5.0 mass%, more preferably 0.02 to 3.0 mass%. In addition, the said phosphorus compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、その安定性をさらに改良するために、フェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物、アルキルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物、アリルオキシラン化合物、アルキルオキシラン化合物、脂環式エポキシ化合物、エポキシ化脂肪酸モノエステルおよびエポキシ化植物油から選ばれる少なくとも1種のエポキシ化合物を含有することができる。 Further, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention has a phenyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound, an alkyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound, a glycidyl ester type epoxy compound, an allyl oxirane compound, and an alkyl oxirane compound in order to further improve its stability. , At least one epoxy compound selected from alicyclic epoxy compounds, epoxidized fatty acid monoesters, and epoxidized vegetable oils.
フェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物としては、具体的には、フェニルグリシジルエーテルまたはアルキルフェニルグリシジルエーテルが例示できる。ここでいうアルキルフェニルグリシジルエーテルとは、炭素数1〜13のアルキル基を1〜3個有するものが挙げられ、中でも炭素数4〜10のアルキル基を1個有するもの、例えばn−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、i−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、sec−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、tert−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ペンチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ヘキシルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ヘプチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、オクチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ノニルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、デシルフェニルグリシジルエーテルなどが好ましいものとして例示できる。 Specific examples of the phenyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound include phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylphenyl glycidyl ether. As used herein, the alkylphenyl glycidyl ether includes those having 1 to 3 alkyl groups having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, and those having one alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as n-butylphenyl glycidyl. Ether, i-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, sec-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, pentylphenyl glycidyl ether, hexylphenyl glycidyl ether, heptylphenyl glycidyl ether, octylphenyl glycidyl ether, nonylphenyl glycidyl ether, decylphenyl A glycidyl ether etc. can be illustrated as a preferable thing.
アルキルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物としては、具体的には、デシルグリシジルエーテル、ウンデシルグリシジルエーテル、ドデシルグリシジルエーテル、トリデシルグリシジルエーテル、テトラデシルグリシジルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル、ペンタエリスリトールテトラグリシジルエーテル、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル、ポリアルキレングリコールモノグリシジルエーテル、ポリアルキレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルなどが例示できる。 As the alkyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound, specifically, decyl glycidyl ether, undecyl glycidyl ether, dodecyl glycidyl ether, tridecyl glycidyl ether, tetradecyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, Examples thereof include trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, polyalkylene glycol monoglycidyl ether, and polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物としては、具体的には、フェニルグリシジルエステル、アルキルグリシジルエステル、アルケニルグリシジルエステルなどが挙げられ、好ましいものとしては、グリシジル−2,2−ジメチルオクタノエート、グリシジルベンゾエート、グリシジルアクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレートなどが例示できる。 Specific examples of the glycidyl ester type epoxy compound include phenyl glycidyl ester, alkyl glycidyl ester, alkenyl glycidyl ester, etc., and preferable ones are glycidyl-2,2-dimethyloctanoate, glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl acrylate. And glycidyl methacrylate.
アリルオキシラン化合物としては、具体的には、1,2−エポキシスチレン、アルキル−1,2−エポキシスチレンなどが例示できる。 Specific examples of the allyloxirane compound include 1,2-epoxystyrene and alkyl-1,2-epoxystyrene.
アルキルオキシラン化合物としては、具体的には、1,2−エポキシブタン、1,2−エポキシペンタン、1,2−エポキシヘキサン、1,2−エポキシヘプタン、1,2−エポキシオクタン、1,2−エポキシノナン、1,2−エポキシデカン、1,2−エポキシウンデカン、1,2−エポキシドデカン、1,2−エポキシトリデカン、1,2−エポキシテトラデカン、1,2−エポキシペンタデカン、1,2−エポキシヘキサデカン、1,2−エポキシヘプタデカン、1,1,2−エポキシオクタデカン、2−エポキシノナデカン、1,2−エポキシイコサンなどが例示できる。 Specific examples of the alkyloxirane compound include 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2- Epoxy nonane, 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane, 1,2- Examples include epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 2-epoxynonadecane, 1,2-epoxyicosane and the like.
脂環式エポキシ化合物としては、具体的には、1,2−エポキシシクロヘキサン、1,2−エポキシシクロペンタン、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル−3,4−エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、ビス(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル)アジペート、エキソ−2,3−エポキシノルボルナン、ビス(3,4−エポキシ−6−メチルシクロヘキシルメチル)アジペート、2−(7−オキサビシクロ[4.1.0]ヘプト−3−イル)−スピロ(1,3−ジオキサン−5,3’−[7]オキサビシクロ[4.1.0]ヘプタン、4−(1’−メチルエポキシエチル)−1,2−エポキシ−2−メチルシクロヘキサン、4−エポキシエチル−1,2−エポキシシクロヘキサンなどが例示できる。 Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2-epoxycyclopentane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, and bis (3,4 -Epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane, bis (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, 2- (7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3- Yl) -spiro (1,3-dioxane-5,3 ′-[7] oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane, 4- (1′-methylepoxyethyl) -1,2-epoxy-2-methyl Examples include cyclohexane and 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane.
エポキシ化脂肪酸モノエステルとしては、具体的には、エポキシ化された炭素数12〜20の脂肪酸と炭素数1〜8のアルコールまたはフェノール、アルキルフェノールとのエステルなどが例示できる。特にエポキシステアリン酸のブチル、ヘキシル、ベンジル、シクロヘキシル、メトキシエチル、オクチル、フェニルおよびブチルフェニルエステルが好ましく用いられる。 Specific examples of the epoxidized fatty acid monoester include esters of an epoxidized fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon atoms with an alcohol or phenol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkylphenol. In particular, butyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, methoxyethyl, octyl, phenyl and butylphenyl esters of epoxy stearate are preferably used.
エポキシ化植物油としては、具体的には、大豆油、アマニ油、綿実油等の植物油のエポキシ化合物などが例示できる。 Specific examples of the epoxidized vegetable oil include epoxy compounds of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, linseed oil and cottonseed oil.
これらのエポキシ化合物の中でも好ましいものは、フェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物、脂環式エポキシ化合物およびエポキシ化脂肪酸モノエステルである。中でもフェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物およびグリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物がより好ましく、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、アルキルグリシジルエステルもしくはこれらの混合物が特に好ましい。 Among these epoxy compounds, phenyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compounds, glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds and epoxidized fatty acid monoesters are preferred. Of these, phenyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compounds and glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds are more preferred, and phenyl glycidyl ether, butylphenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl esters or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油が上記エポキシ化合物を含有する場合、エポキシ化合物の含有量は特に制限されないが、冷凍機油全量基準で、0.1〜5.0質量%であることが好ましく、0.2〜2.0質量%であることがより好ましい。なお、上記エポキシ化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。 When the refrigeration oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention contains the epoxy compound, the content of the epoxy compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass based on the total amount of the refrigeration oil, More preferably, it is 0.2-2.0 mass%. In addition, the said epoxy compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
さらに本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、その性能をさらに高めるため、必要に応じて従来より公知の冷凍機油添加剤を含有することができる。かかる添加剤としては、例えばジ−tert−ブチル−p−クレゾール、ビスフェノールA等のフェノール系の酸化防止剤、フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン、N,N−ジ(2−ナフチル)−p−フェニレンジアミン等のアミン系の酸化防止剤、ジチオリン酸亜鉛などの摩耗防止剤、塩素化パラフィン、硫黄化合物等の極圧剤、脂肪酸等の油性剤、シリコーン系等の消泡剤、ベンゾトリアゾール等の金属不活性化剤、粘度指数向上剤、流動点降下剤、清浄分散剤等が挙げられる。これらの添加剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの添加剤の含有量は特に制限されないが、冷凍機油全量基準で、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下である。 Furthermore, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants of the present invention can contain conventionally known refrigerating machine oil additives as necessary in order to further enhance its performance. Examples of such additives include phenolic antioxidants such as di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and bisphenol A, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, N, N-di (2-naphthyl) -p-phenylenediamine, and the like. Amine-based antioxidants, anti-wear agents such as zinc dithiophosphate, extreme pressure agents such as chlorinated paraffin and sulfur compounds, oil-based agents such as fatty acids, antifoaming agents such as silicones, metal inertness such as benzotriazole Agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergent dispersants and the like. These additives may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. The content of these additives is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の動粘度は特に限定されないが、40℃における動粘度は、好ましくは3〜1000mm2/s、より好ましくは4〜500mm2/s、最も好ましくは5〜400mm2/sとすることができる。また、100℃における動粘度は好ましくは1〜100mm2/s、より好ましくは2〜50mm2/sとすることができる。 The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is preferably 3 to 1000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 4 to 500 mm 2 / s, and most preferably 5 to 400 mm. 2 / s. The kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 1 to 100 mm 2 / s, more preferably 2 to 50 mm 2 / s.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の体積抵抗率は特に限定されないが、好ましくは1.0×1012Ω・cm以上、より好ましくは1.0×1013Ω・cm以上、最も好ましくは1.0×1014Ω・cm以上とすることができる。特に、密閉型の冷凍機用に用いる場合には高い電気絶縁性が必要となる傾向にある。なお、本発明において、体積抵抗率とは、JIS C 2101「電気絶縁油試験方法」に基づいて測定した25℃での値を意味する。 Further, the volume resistivity of the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 × 10 12 Ω · cm or more, more preferably 1.0 × 10 13 Ω · cm or more, most preferably. May be 1.0 × 10 14 Ω · cm or more. In particular, when it is used for a hermetic refrigerator, high electrical insulation tends to be required. In the present invention, the volume resistivity means a value at 25 ° C. measured based on JIS C 2101 “Electrical insulating oil test method”.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の水分含有量は特に限定されないが、冷凍機油全量基準で好ましくは200ppm以下、より好ましくは100ppm以下、最も好ましくは50ppm以下とすることができる。特に密閉型の冷凍機用に用いる場合には、油の安定性や電気絶縁性への影響の観点から、水分含有量が少ないことが求められる。 Further, the water content of the refrigerant refrigerant for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and most preferably 50 ppm or less, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil. In particular, when it is used for a hermetic refrigerator, it is required to have a low water content from the viewpoint of the effect on oil stability and electrical insulation.
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の酸価は特に限定されないが、冷凍機または配管に用いられている金属への腐食を防止するため、および本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油に含有されるエステル油の分解を防止するため、好ましくは0.1mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは0.05mgKOH/g以下とすることができる。なお、本発明において、酸価とは、JISK 2501「石油製品および潤滑油−中和価試験方法」に基づいて測定した酸価を意味する。 Further, the acid value of the refrigerant oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is contained in the refrigerator oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention in order to prevent corrosion to the metal used in the refrigerator or piping. In order to prevent degradation of the ester oil, it is preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.05 mgKOH / g or less. In addition, in this invention, an acid value means the acid value measured based on JISK 2501 "Petroleum products and lubricating oil-neutralization number test method".
また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の灰分は特に限定されないが、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油の安定性を高めスラッジ等の発生を抑制するため、好ましくは100ppm以下、より好ましくは50ppm以下とすることができる。なお、本発明において、灰分とは、JISK 2272「原油および石油製品の灰分並びに硫酸灰分試験方法」に基づいて測定した灰分の値を意味する。 Further, the ash content of the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but in order to increase the stability of the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention and suppress the generation of sludge and the like, preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably It can be 50 ppm or less. In the present invention, ash means the value of ash measured based on JISK 2272 “Testing method for ash and sulfated ash of crude oil and petroleum products”.
本発明における炭化水素冷媒としては、25℃、1気圧で気体のものが好ましく用いられる。具体的には炭素数1〜5、好ましくは1〜4のアルカン、シクロアルカン、アルケンまたはこれらの混合物である。具体的には例えば、メタン、エチレン、エタン、プロピレン、プロパン、シクロプロパン、ブタン、イソブタン、シクロブタン、メチルシクロプロパンまたはこれらの2種以上の混合物などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、プロパン、ブタン、イソブタンまたはこれらの混合物が好ましい。 As the hydrocarbon refrigerant in the present invention, a gas refrigerant at 25 ° C. and 1 atm is preferably used. Specifically, it is an alkane, cycloalkane, alkene or a mixture thereof having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples include methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, cyclopropane, butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Among these, propane, butane, isobutane or a mixture thereof is preferable.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、炭化水素冷媒と共に用いられる場合にその優れた効果を発揮するものであるが、使用される冷媒は、炭化水素冷媒単独であってもよく、あるいは炭化水素冷媒と他の冷媒との混合冷媒であってもよい。他の冷媒としては、HFC,バーフルオロエーテル類等の含フッ素エーテル系冷媒、二酸化炭素、ジメチルエーテル、アンモニアなど挙げられる。 The refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention exerts its excellent effect when used together with a hydrocarbon refrigerant. However, the refrigerant used may be a hydrocarbon refrigerant alone or a hydrocarbon. A mixed refrigerant of a refrigerant and another refrigerant may be used. Examples of other refrigerants include fluorine-containing ether refrigerants such as HFC and bar fluoroethers, carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, and ammonia.
HFC冷媒としては、炭素数1〜3、好ましくは1〜2のハイドロフルオロカーボン類が挙げられる。具体的には例えば、ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、トリフルオロメタン(HFC−23)、ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125)、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134)、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a)、1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143a)、1,1−ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a)などのHFC、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物などが挙げられる。 Examples of the HFC refrigerant include hydrofluorocarbons having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Specifically, for example, difluoromethane (HFC-32), trifluoromethane (HFC-23), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1, HFC such as 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), or two or more of these And the like.
含フッ素エーテル系冷媒としては、具体的には、HFE−134p、HFE−245mc、HFE−236mf、HFE−236me、HFE−338mcf、HFE−365mc−f、HFE−245mf、HFE−347mmy、HFE−347mcc、HFE−125、HFE−143m、HFE−134m、HFE−227meなどが挙げられる。 Specific examples of the fluorinated ether refrigerant include HFE-134p, HFE-245mc, HFE-236mf, HFE-236me, HFE-338mcf, HFE-365mc-f, HFE-245mf, HFE-347mmy, HFE-347mcc. , HFE-125, HFE-143m, HFE-134m, HFE-227me and the like.
炭化水素冷媒と二酸化炭素、含フッ素エーテル系冷媒、ジメチルエーテル、アンモニア、との混合比は特に制限されないが、炭化水素冷媒と併用する冷媒の合計量は、炭化水素100質量部に対して、好ましくは1〜200質量部、より好ましくは10〜100質量部である。好適な態様としては、炭化水素冷媒と二酸化炭素および/または炭化水素とを、炭化水素100質量部に対して二酸化炭素と炭化水素合計量として好ましくは1〜200質量部、より好ましくは10〜100質量部を配合した混合冷媒が挙げられる。 The mixing ratio of hydrocarbon refrigerant and carbon dioxide, fluorine-containing ether refrigerant, dimethyl ether, ammonia is not particularly limited, but the total amount of refrigerant used in combination with hydrocarbon refrigerant is preferably 100 parts by mass of hydrocarbon. 1 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass. As a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon refrigerant and carbon dioxide and / or hydrocarbon are preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts as the total amount of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrocarbon. The mixed refrigerant which mix | blended the mass part is mentioned.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油は、通常、冷凍空調機器においては上述したような炭化水素を含有する冷媒と混合された冷凍機用流体組成物の形で存在している。この組成物における冷凍機油と冷媒との配合割合は特に制限されないが、冷媒100質量部に対して冷凍機油が好ましくは1〜500質量部、より好ましくは2〜400質量部である。 The refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant of the present invention is usually present in the form of a fluid composition for refrigerating machine mixed with a refrigerant containing hydrocarbon as described above in refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment. The blending ratio of the refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant in this composition is not particularly limited, but the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant.
本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物は、その優れた電気特性や低い吸湿性から、往復動式や回転式の密閉型圧縮機を有するルームエアコン、パッケージエアコン及び冷蔵庫に好ましく用いられる。また、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物は、自動車用エアコンや除湿機、給湯器、冷凍庫、冷凍冷蔵倉庫、自動販売機、ショーケース、化学プラント等の冷却装置等に好ましく用いられる。さらに、本発明の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物は、遠心式の圧縮機を有するものにも好ましく用いられる。 The refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant and the working fluid composition for refrigerating machine of the present invention have a reciprocating or rotating hermetic compressor, a room air conditioner, a packaged air conditioner, and a refrigerator because of their excellent electrical characteristics and low hygroscopicity. Is preferably used. In addition, the refrigerant oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant and the working fluid composition for refrigerator of the present invention are used in cooling devices for automobile air conditioners, dehumidifiers, water heaters, freezers, refrigerated warehouses, vending machines, showcases, chemical plants, etc. Etc. are preferably used. Furthermore, the refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant and the working fluid composition for refrigerating machine of the present invention are also preferably used for those having a centrifugal compressor.
以下、実施例及び比較例に基づき本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example at all.
[脂肪酸Aの組成]
以下の実施例で用いた脂肪酸Aの組成を表1に示す。
[Composition of fatty acid A]
The composition of fatty acid A used in the following examples is shown in Table 1.
[実施例1〜13、比較例1〜14]
実施例1〜13および比較例1〜14においては、それぞれ以下に示す基油1〜27を用いて冷凍機油を調製した。得られた冷凍機油の各種性状を表2〜5に示す。
(基油)
基油1:脂肪酸Aとネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油2:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=85/15)とネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油3:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=85/15)とネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油4:脂肪酸Aとトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル
基油5:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=85/15)とトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル
基油6:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=85/15)とトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル)
基油7:脂肪酸Aとジ−(トリメチロールプロパン)とのエステル
基油8:脂肪酸Aとペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油9:脂肪酸Aとジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)とのエステル
基油10:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=85/15)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油11:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=85/15)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油12:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=70/30)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油13:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=70/30)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油14:オレイン酸とネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油15:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=60/40)とネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油16:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=60/40)とネオペンチルグリコールとのエステル
基油17:オレイン酸とトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル
基油2818:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=60/40)とトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル
基油19:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=60/40)とトリメチロールプロパンとのエステル
基油20:2−エチルヘキサン酸および3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比:2−エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=50/50(モル比))とジペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油21:オレイン酸とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油22:ステアリン酸とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油23:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=60/40)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油24:脂肪酸A及びn−デカン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/n−デカン酸=60/40)とジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)とのエステル
基油25:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=60/40)とペンタエリスリトールとのエステル
基油26:脂肪酸A及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):脂肪酸A/3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸=60/40)とジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)とのエステル
基油27:ポリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル。
[Examples 1-13, Comparative Examples 1-14]
In Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14, refrigerator oils were prepared using
(Base oil)
Base oil 1: ester base oil of fatty acid A and neopentyl glycol 2: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 85/15) and neopentyl Ester base oil with glycol 3: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 85/15) and neo Ester base oil with pentyl glycol 4: Ester base oil with fatty acid A and trimethylolpropane 5: Mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 85 / 15) Ester base oil of trimethylolpropane 6: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethyl) Hexanoic acid = 85/15) and an ester of trimethylol propane)
Base oil 7: ester base oil of fatty acid A and di- (trimethylolpropane) 8: ester base oil of fatty acid A and pentaerythritol 9: ester base oil of fatty acid A and di- (pentaerythritol) 10: fatty acid Mixed fatty acid of A and n-decanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 85/15) and ester base oil of pentaerythritol 11: fatty acid A and 3,5,5-trimethylhexane Mixed fatty acid of acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 85/15) and ester base oil of pentaerythritol 12: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid ( Mixing ratio (mass ratio): ester base oil of fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 70/30) and pentaerythritol 13: fatty acid A and 3,5,5-trimethylhexa Acid mixed fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 70/30) and ester base oil of pentaerythritol 14: ester base oil of oleic acid and neopentyl glycol 15: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 60/40) and ester base oil of neopentyl glycol 16: fatty acids A and 3, 5, Mixed fatty acid of 5-trimethylhexanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 60/40) and neopentyl glycol ester base oil 17: oleic acid and trimethylolpropane Ester base oil 2818: Fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid mixed fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 60/40) and tri Ester base oil 19 with tyrolpropane: mixed fatty acid of fatty acid A and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 60/40) Ester base oil 20 with trimethylolpropane: mixed fatty acid of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (mixing ratio: 2-ethylhexanoic acid / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 50 / 50 (molar ratio)) and dipentaerythritol ester base oil 21: oleic acid and pentaerythritol ester base oil 22: stearic acid and pentaerythritol ester base oil 23: fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid mixed Ester base oil 24 of fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 60/40) and pentaerythritol: Fatty acid A and n-decanoic acid mixed fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / n-decanoic acid = 60/40) and di- (pentaerythritol) ester base oil 25: fatty acids A and 3, 5 , 5-Trimethylhexanoic acid mixed fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 60/40) and pentaerythritol ester base oil 26: fatty acid A and 3,5 , 5-trimethylhexanoic acid mixed fatty acid (mixing ratio (mass ratio): fatty acid A / 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid = 60/40) and di- (pentaerythritol) ester base oil 27: polypropylene glycol Monomethyl ether.
なお、前記の基油において、エステルは全て、基油全量基準とする完全エステルの含有量が、95質量%以上であり、水酸基価は5mgKOH/g以下である。 In the base oil, the ester content of all esters based on the total amount of base oil is 95% by mass or more, and the hydroxyl value is 5 mgKOH / g or less.
次に、実施例1〜13および比較例1〜14の各冷凍機油について、以下に示す評価試験を実施した。 Next, the following evaluation tests were carried out for each of the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14.
(潤滑性)
ASTM D 2670“FALEXWEAR TEST”に基づいて、冷凍機油の温度100℃の条件下で、慣らし運転を150lb荷重の下に1分間行った。次いで、プロパン冷媒10L/hを吹き込みながら、250lb荷重の下に2時間試験機を運転し、試験後のテストジャーナル(ピン)の摩耗量を測定した。得られた結果を表2〜表5に示す。
(Lubricity)
Based on ASTM D 2670 “FALEXWEAR TEST”, the running-in operation was performed for 1 minute under a load of 150 lb under the condition of the temperature of the refrigerator oil of 100 ° C. Next, while blowing 10 L / h of propane refrigerant, the test machine was operated under a load of 250 lb for 2 hours, and the amount of wear of the test journal (pin) after the test was measured. The obtained results are shown in Tables 2 to 5.
(冷媒相溶性)
JIS−K−2211「冷凍機油」の「冷媒との相溶性試験方法」に基づいて、プロパン冷媒18gに対して冷凍機油を2g配合し、炭化水素冷媒と冷凍機油とが0℃において相互に溶解しているかを観察し、「相溶」、「白濁」、「分離」として評価した。得られた結果を表2〜表5に示す。
(Refrigerant compatibility)
Based on JIS-K-2211 “Refrigerating machine oil” “Compatibility testing method with refrigerant”, 2 g of refrigeration oil is blended with 18 g of propane refrigerant, and hydrocarbon refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil are mutually dissolved at 0 ° C. It was evaluated as “compatible”, “white turbidity”, and “separation”. The obtained results are shown in Tables 2 to 5.
(冷媒溶解粘度)
図1に示す装置は、粘度計1、圧力計2、熱電対3および撹拌子4を備える圧力容器5(ステンレス製、内容積:200ml)と、圧力容器5内の温度を制御するための恒温槽6と、バルブを備えており流路7を介して圧力容器5と接続されたサンプリングボンベ8とを備えている。なお、サンプリングボンベ8と流路7とは脱着可能であり、サンプリングボンベ8は、測定に際し、真空脱気した後、あるいはプロパン冷媒と冷凍機油との混合物を秤取した後でその重量を測定することが可能となっている。また、熱電対3および恒温槽6はそれぞれ温度制御手段(図示せず)と電気的に接続されており、熱電対3から温度制御手段に試料油(またはプロパン冷媒と冷凍機油との混合物)の温度に関するデータ信号が送られるとともに、温度制御手段から恒温槽6に制御信号が送られて、冷凍機油または混合物の温度を制御することが可能となっている。さらに、粘度計1は情報処理装置(図示せず)と電気的に接続されており、圧力容器5内の液体の粘度に関する測定データが粘度計1から情報処理装置に送られて、所定の条件下での粘度を測定することが可能となっている。
(Refrigerant melt viscosity)
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a pressure vessel 5 (stainless steel, internal volume: 200 ml) having a
本試験においては、先ず、圧力容器5内に冷凍機油100gを入れて容器内を真空脱気した後、プロパン冷媒を導入し、プロパン冷媒と冷凍機油との混合物を撹拌子4で攪拌しかつ冷媒を抜きながら40℃で0.7MPaになるよう調整した。安定させた後、プロパン冷媒と冷凍機油との混合物の粘度を測定した。得られた40℃のおける冷媒溶解粘度の測定結果を表2〜表5に示す。
In this test, first, 100 g of refrigerating machine oil was put in the
(熱安定性)
オートクレーブ中に、冷凍機油90gとプロパン冷媒10gと触媒(鉄、銅、アルミの各線)を封入した後、200℃に加熱して2週間保持した。2週間後の冷凍機油について全酸価を測定した。得られた結果を表2〜表5に示す。
(Thermal stability)
In an autoclave, 90 g of refrigerating machine oil, 10 g of propane refrigerant, and a catalyst (iron, copper, and aluminum wires) were sealed, and then heated to 200 ° C. and held for 2 weeks. The total acid value of the refrigeration oil after 2 weeks was measured. The obtained results are shown in Tables 2 to 5.
(電気絶縁性)
JIS−C−2101「電気絶縁油試験方法」に基づいて、25℃における冷凍機油の体積抵抗率を測定した。得られた結果を表2〜表5に示す。
(Electrical insulation)
Based on JIS-C-2101 “Electrical Insulating Oil Test Method”, volume resistivity of refrigerating machine oil at 25 ° C. was measured. The obtained results are shown in Tables 2 to 5.
表2〜表5に示した結果から明らかなように、実施例1〜13の冷凍機油は、プロパン冷媒と共に用いた場合に、潤滑性、冷媒相溶性、熱安定性、電気絶縁性および動粘度の全ての性能がバランスよく優れていることがわかる。特に、実施例1〜13の冷凍機油は、動粘度が同程度である比較例の冷凍機油と比較して、プロパン冷媒の共存下での潤滑性に優れていることがわかる。さらに、冷媒溶解粘度が高く、圧縮機での吹き抜けが起こり難くエネルギー効率が高いことが示唆される。 As is clear from the results shown in Tables 2 to 5, the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 13 were lubricated, refrigerant compatible, thermal stability, electrical insulating properties and kinematic viscosities when used with a propane refrigerant. It can be seen that all the performances of are well balanced. In particular, it can be seen that the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 13 are superior in lubricity in the presence of a propane refrigerant as compared with the refrigerating machine oil of the comparative example having the same kinematic viscosity. Further, it is suggested that the refrigerant has a high melt viscosity, is difficult to blow through in the compressor, and has high energy efficiency.
1・・・粘度計、2・・・圧力計、3・・・熱電対、4・・・攪拌子、5・・・圧力容器、6・・・恒温槽、7・・・流路、8・・・サンプリングボンベ。
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