JP5156860B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine capable of measuring the deformation of the tail plate and the clearance between the tail plate and the segment.

  Traditionally, shield machines have been used to excavate natural ground and construct tunnels. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an outline of the shield machine 80. FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram when the shield machine 80 goes straight with respect to the segment 89.

  The shield machine 80 includes a cylindrical skin plate 83 and an excavation part 81 in front of the skin plate 83, and excavates natural ground by the excavation part 81. A cylindrical tail plate 85 connected to the skin plate 83 is provided behind the shield machine 80. The shield machine 80 digs in the tail plate 85 while assembling the segments 89 by a segment assembling apparatus (not shown). In the state shown in FIG. 10A, if the tail clearance 91 that is the gap between the segment 89 and the skin plate 83 is kept constant, the tail end 87 that is the rear end portion of the tail plate 85 and the segment 89 The tail end clearance 93 that is a gap is kept constant, and the tail end 87 does not contact the segment 89.

  FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a state in which the attitude of the shield machine 80 changes and the traveling direction of the shield machine 80 has an angle θ with respect to the axial direction of the segment 89 that has been constructed. When the shield machine 80 changes its attitude with respect to the segment 89 at an angle θ, a part of the tail end clearance 93 becomes 0, the tail end 87 and the segment 89 come into contact with each other, and the segment 89 may be damaged. However, since the clearance between the tail end 87 and the segment 89 is very narrow, conventionally, the angle θ formed between the shield machine 80 and the segment 89 and the tail clearance 91 are measured, and the tail end clearance 93 is predicted. The contact between the segment 87 and the segment 89 is prevented.

  In order to predict the tail end clearance 93, as a method of measuring the tail clearance 91, a measuring device having a measuring element movable and rotatable in the front-rear direction is used, and the measuring element is rotated in the segment and the skin plate. There is a method for measuring the tail clearance by detecting the angle at which the probe contacts the segment and the tail plate (Patent Document 1).

  There is also a method for measuring the tail clearance by using a measuring device equipped with a measuring instrument that can be extended and contracted, expanding and contracting the measuring instrument in the gap between the segment and the skin plate, and measuring the measuring needle stroke with a photo sensor. (Patent Document 2).

JP 2002-30888 A JP 2000-352298 A

  However, even if the tail clearance 91 is accurately measured in this way and the attitude of the shield machine 80 is strictly controlled by a level meter or the like, the tail end clearance 93 may not be accurately predicted.

  FIG. 10C is a diagram showing a state in which the tail plate 85 is deformed and strain is generated. The tail plate 85 is thinner than the skin plate 83 and is likely to be distorted by the influence of earth and sand during excavation. However, the conventional method has a problem that there is no method for knowing the distortion of the tail plate 85. In addition, when the tail plate 85 is distorted, there is a problem that an accurate tail clearance 93 cannot be predicted by managing only the tail clearance 91 and the angle θ described above.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a shield machine capable of measuring tail plate distortion and tail end clearance.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a shield machine that pushes and pushes a segment with a jack provided in a skin plate, and is provided on a tail plate at a rear end of the skin plate. A shield machine comprising: first measuring means for measuring a first clearance between a plate and the segment; and a strain gauge for measuring strain of the tail plate on the tail plate.

  You may further comprise the 2nd measurement means to measure the 2nd clearance between the said skin plate and the said segment.

  The first measuring means may comprise a hydraulic jack having a movable part movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment, and means for measuring an oil flow rate of the hydraulic jack. .

  The first measuring means includes a hydraulic jack having a movable portion that is movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment, and a sensor that measures a movement amount of the movable portion of the hydraulic jack. May be.

  The first measuring means measures the amount of movement of a hydraulic jack having a movable portion movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment, and a wire connected to the movable portion of the hydraulic jack. And may be provided.

  According to the present invention, since the strain of the tail plate can be measured by the strain gauge and the tail end clearance is directly measured by the first measuring means, the shield machine capable of measuring the strain of the tail plate and the tail end clearance is provided. Can be provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the shield machine and clearance measuring method which can measure the distortion and tail end clearance of a tail plate can be provided.

The figure which shows the structure of the shield machine 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the shield machine 1, (a) is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the clearance meter 15, (b) is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the strain gauge 21 and the stroke gauge 23. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the clearance meter 15, (a) is a block diagram of the clearance meter 15, (b) is a figure which shows operation | movement of the clearance meter 15. FIG. The figure which shows the structure of the strain gauge. The figure which shows the structure of the stroke meter. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the stroke meter 23, (a) is a figure which shows the case where the front-end | tip of the movable part 45 is a rectangular cross-section, (b) shows the case where the front-end | tip of the movable part 45 is hemispherical. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the shield machine 1. FIG. The figure which shows the structure of the stroke meter 60 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the stroke meter 70 which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The figure which showed the relationship between the attitude | position of the conventional shield machine 80, and clearance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Fig.1 (a) is a figure which shows the shield machine 1 which concerns on this Embodiment. The shield machine 1 includes a cylindrical skin plate 3, an excavation unit 5 provided in front of the skin plate 3, and a cylindrical tail plate 11 connected to the rear of the skin plate 3. The excavation part 5 excavates a natural ground in front of the shield machine. In the tail plate 11, the segment 9 is assembled by a segment assembling apparatus (not shown).

  In the skin plate 3, a hydraulic jack 7 that presses the segment 9 is provided. The hydraulic jack 7 includes a hydraulic jack body 8, a movable portion 10 and a pressing portion 13. The hydraulic jack body 8 is provided with a movable portion 10 capable of reciprocating in the axial direction of the hydraulic jack body 8, and a pressing portion 13 is provided at the tip of the movable portion 10. The shield machine 1 presses the segment 9 by the pressing portion 13 and propels it forward by the reaction force from the segment 9.

  FIG.1 (b) is the A section enlarged view of Fig.1 (a). A clearance meter 15 is installed in the pressing portion 13. The clearance meter 15 measures a tail clearance 25 that is a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the segment 9. Details of the clearance meter 15 will be described later.

  A plurality of packings 17 and tail seals 19 are installed on the tail plate 11 to prevent intrusion of earth and sand into the shield machine 1. A strain gauge 21 and a stroke gauge 23 are installed on the tail plate 11. The strain gauge 21 is for measuring the strain of the tail plate 11, and is installed at two places on the skin plate 3 side of the tail plate 11 and the rear end portion of the tail plate 11. The stroke meter 23 is for measuring a tail end clearance 27 that is a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the tail plate 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the segment 9, and is installed on the inner surface of the rear end of the tail plate 11. Details of the strain gauge 21 and the stroke gauge 23 will be described later.

  FIG. 2A is a view of the B cross section in FIG. 1A viewed from the front of the shield machine 1 and is a view showing the arrangement of the clearance meter 15. A segment 9 is provided in the cylindrical skin plate 3, and a tail clearance 25 is secured between the skin plate 3 and the segment 9. The clearance meter 15 is installed at four places on the same circumference of the segment 9 at the pressing portion 13 (not shown), and measures the tail clearance 25 at each installation position. The measured data is transmitted to a control unit (not shown). The control unit receives various signals, and controls the shield machine 1 based on these signals.

  FIG. 2B is a view of the C cross section in FIG. 1A viewed from the front of the shield machine 1, and is a view showing the arrangement of the strain gauge 21 and the stroke gauge 23. A segment 9 is provided in the cylindrical tail plate 11, and a tail end clearance 27 is secured between the tail plate 11 and the segment 9.

  Twelve strain gauges 21 are installed on the same circumference of the tail plate 11. That is, the strain gauges 21 are installed in 24 places, 2 places in the front-rear direction of the tail plate 11 and 12 places in the circumferential direction, and measure the strain of the tail plate 11 at each installation position. The stroke meter 23 is installed at eight places on the same circumference of the inner surface of the tail plate 11 and measures the tail end clearance 27 at each installation position. The measured values of the strain gauge 21 and the stroke gauge 23 are transmitted to a control unit (not shown).

  FIG. 3A shows the structure of the clearance meter 15. The clearance meter 15 includes a clearance meter main body 29, a rotating shaft 31, a plate 33, and a measuring element 35. The clearance meter body 29 is a rectangular parallelepiped housing and has an operation mechanism (not shown) and the like inside. The plate 33 has a pentagonal plate shape in which a vertex is further added to one rectangular short side. The measuring element 35 has a thin rod shape.

  The cylindrical rotating shaft 31 is installed in the clearance meter body 29, and can be operated in the front-rear direction in the direction a and the rotational direction in the direction b in the drawing by an operating mechanism (not shown) in the clearance meter body 29. An air tube 39 for driving the operating mechanism is connected to the clearance meter body 29, and air is sent from an external air source (not shown) to drive the operating mechanism. In addition, a detector for detecting the angle of the rotating shaft is installed in the clearance meter main body 29, and the detected angle information is transmitted to the control unit via the cable 37.

  The end of the rotating shaft 31 is joined to the plate 33 at a position slightly decentered from the center of the plate 33 to the opposite side of the added vertex position of the pentagon. The measuring element 35 is joined to the added vertex position of the pentagon of the plate 33. The measuring element 35 is installed in the same axial direction as the rotation axis 31 in the direction opposite to the rotation axis 31 of the plate 33. When the rotary shaft 31 moves back and forth in the direction a by the operation mechanism inside the clearance meter body 29, the measuring element 35 moves in the axial direction accordingly. When the rotating shaft 31 rotates in the b direction, the measuring element 35 rotates around the rotating shaft 31.

  FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the operation of the clearance meter 15. The clearance meter body 29 is not shown. The clearance meter 15 moves the measuring element 35 in the front-rear direction, and inserts the measuring element 35 into the gap between the segment 9 and the skin plate 3. The measuring element 35 rotates in the gap between the segment 9 and the skin plate 3 and detects the rotation angle θ1 when it contacts the skin plate 3. Next, the probe 35 rotates in the reverse direction and detects θ2 when it contacts the segment 9. The control unit calculates the tail clearance 25 from these angles.

  Here, the clearance meter 15 is driven by air, but the operation mechanism is not particularly defined. For example, it may be driven by other fluid, and an electric motor or the like may be used.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of the strain gauge 21. The strain gauge 21 includes an X-axis strain gauge 41 and a Y-axis strain gauge 43. That is, since the strain of the tail plate 11 is detected by a two-axis strain gauge orthogonal to each other, the strain of the tail plate 11 can be measured more accurately. The measurement data is transmitted to a control unit (not shown).

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the stroke meter 23. The stroke meter 23 includes a stroke meter main body 47 and a movable portion 45. An oil pipe 49 is connected to the stroke meter body 47, and oil is supplied to the stroke meter body 47 by a pump or a valve (not shown). The movable portion 45 has a hemispherical tip shape, and can move up and down in the axial direction of the stroke meter main body 47 using hydraulic pressure as a drive source. The oil pipe 49 is provided with a flow meter and a pressure gauge, measures the amount and pressure of oil flowing through the oil pipe 49, and transmits the measured value to a control unit (not shown).

  At the time of non-measurement, the movable portion 45 is in a state of moving downward in the drawing and is accommodated in the stroke meter main body 47. When the measurement is started, the movable portion 45 starts to move upward at a constant pressure, continues to rise until the movable portion 45 comes into contact with the segment 9, and stops when it comes into contact with the segment 9. The stroke meter 23 measures the amount of oil that has flowed through the oil pipe 49 from the start to the end of the measurement. The control unit can measure the tail end clearance 27 by calculating the stroke amount of the movable unit 45 from the amount of oil flowing through the oil pipe 49.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the stroke meter 23. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a case where the axial section at the end of the movable portion 45 is rectangular. Normally, foreign matter 53 such as grease 51 and earth and sand is present in the gap between the segment 9 and the tail plate 11. Accordingly, the pressing of the movable portion 45 of the stroke meter 23 requires a force sufficient to overcome the grease 51 and the foreign matter 53. However, when the axial section at the end of the movable portion 45 is rectangular, there is a risk that the foreign object 53 may be sandwiched between the end of the movable portion 45 and the segment 9 during measurement. In this case, accurate measurement cannot be performed.

  FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a case where the end of the movable part 45 has a hemispherical shape. In this case, as described above, even when the foreign matter 53 is sandwiched between the movable portion 45 and the segment 9 during measurement, the foreign matter 53 can be crushed because the surface pressure from the movable portion 45 is large. For this reason, accurate measurement is possible. Therefore, the tip of the movable part 45 is preferably a hemispherical shape.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a flowchart from the start of segment installation to the start of excavation. First, the control unit confirms the measured value of the strain gauge 21 (step 101). The measurement by the strain gauge 21 can be continuously performed even when the shield machine 1 is digging. In addition, the measurement value can be displayed on a display unit or the like installed inside or outside the shield machine.

  Next, the control unit confirms whether the measured value of the strain gauge 21 is within the specified value (step 102). If the measured value is not within the specified value, the operation is interrupted and the cause is investigated (step 110).

  Next, the control unit confirms the measured value of the clearance meter 15 (step 103). The measurement by the clearance meter 15 can be continuously performed even when the shield machine 1 is digging. In addition, the measurement value can be displayed on a display unit or the like installed inside or outside the shield machine.

  Next, the control unit confirms whether the measured value of the clearance meter 15 is within the specified value (step 104). If the measured value is within the specified value, the process proceeds to step 109 and excavation is started. If the measured value is not within the specified value, the process proceeds to step 105.

  If the measured value of the clearance meter 15 is not within the specified value, the control unit starts measuring the tail end clearance 27 with the stroke meter 23 (step 105). Since the stroke meter 23 cannot measure during the excavation, it measures after the segment 9 is installed.

  Next, the control unit confirms the measured value of the stroke meter 23 (step 106). The measured value can also be displayed on a display unit or the like installed inside or outside the shield machine.

  Next, the control unit confirms whether the measured value of the stroke meter 23 is within a specified value (step 107). If the measured value is not within the specified value, the operation is interrupted and the cause is investigated (step 110).

  Next, the control unit ends the measurement of the stroke meter 23 (step 108). That is, the movable portion 45 of the stroke meter 23 is contracted and fits in the stroke meter main body 47. This is because if the digging is performed with the movable portion 45 extended, the movable portion 45 may be damaged.

  If the measured value of the stroke meter 23 is within the specified value, the control unit starts excavation (step 109). The shield machine 1 excavates by the width of the segment 9 and then installs the segment 9 again and repeats the operation from step 101.

  Thus, according to this Embodiment, since the distortion | strain of the tail plate 11 can be measured with the strain gauge 21, the deformation | transformation of the tail plate 11 can be confirmed. Further, since the tail end clearance 27 can be directly measured by the stroke meter 23, the contact between the segment 9 and the tail plate 11 can be prevented in advance.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a stroke meter 60 according to the second embodiment. In the following embodiment, components having the same functions as those of the stroke meter 23 shown in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  The stroke meter 60 includes a stroke meter main body 47, a movable part 45, and a sensor 63. An oil pipe 49 and a cable 61 are connected to the stroke meter main body 47. The movable portion 45 has a hemispherical tip shape, and can move up and down in the axial direction of the stroke meter main body 47 using hydraulic pressure as a drive source. The sensor 63 is connected to the stroke meter main body 47 and can measure the stroke amount of the movable portion 45. That is, the stroke meter 60 measures the tail end clearance 27 by measuring the stroke amount of the movable unit 45 from the start to the end of the measurement by the sensor 63, and transmits the measured value to the control unit (not shown) via the cable 61. To do.

  Although it does not prescribe | regulate especially as the sensor 63, a linear pulse encoder etc. can be used, for example.

  According to the second embodiment, an accurate tail end clearance can be measured without being affected by oil leakage from the oil pipe 49 or the like.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a stroke meter 70 according to the third embodiment. The stroke meter 70 includes a stroke meter main body 47, a movable portion 45, a connecting portion 71, a pin 73, and a guide 75. An oil pipe 49 is connected to the stroke meter main body 47. The movable portion 45 has a hemispherical tip shape, and can move up and down in the axial direction of the stroke meter main body 47 using hydraulic pressure as a drive source.

  The connecting portion 71 has a plate shape and connects the movable portion 45 and the pin 73. The end portion of the connecting portion 71 is fixed to the end portion of the rod-shaped pin 73. The other end of the connecting portion 71 is connected to the movable portion 45, and the pin 73 and the movable portion 45 are connected in the same axial direction. The guide 75 is installed in the stroke meter main body 47 and has a hole that is slightly larger than the diameter of the pin 73. The pin 73 is inserted through the hole of the guide 75. That is, the pin 73 moves up and down in the hole of the guide 75 following the vertical movement of the movable portion 45.

  A wire 79 is joined to the other end of the pin 73. The wire 79 is introduced into the shield machine via the pulley 77 and wound around the torque reel 78. The torque reel 78 can measure the winding amount of the wire 79.

  Therefore, the stroke meter 70 measures the vertical movement amount of the pin 73 in accordance with the stroke amount of the movable portion 45 from the start to the end of the measurement with the torque reel 78 via the wire 79, whereby the tail end clearance 27. Can be measured. The measurement data is transmitted to a control unit (not shown).

  According to the third embodiment, since there is no sensor or the like as an electrical component in the measurement unit, it is possible to measure an accurate tail end clearance without being damaged by the influence of grease or moisture.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, the technical scope of this invention is not influenced by embodiment mentioned above. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ......... Shielding machine 3 ......... Skin plate 5 ......... Drilling part 7 ......... Hydraulic jack 8 ......... Hydraulic jack body 9 ......... Segment 10 ......... Moving part 11 ......... Tail plate 13 ... …… Pressing part 15 …… Clearance meter 17 …… Packing 19 …… Tail seal 21 …… Strain meter 23 …… Stroke meter 25 …… Tail clearance 27 …… Tail end clearance 29 …… Clearance meter main body 31 ......... Rotating shaft 33 ......... Plate 35 ......... Sensor 37 ......... Cable 39 ......... Air tube 41 ......... X-axis strain gauge 43 ......... Y-axis strain gauge 45 ... ... Moving part 47 ......... Stroke meter body 49 ... …… Oil piping 51 ...... Grease 53 ......... Foreign matter 60 ......... Stroke meter 61 ......... Cable 63 ......... Sensor 70 ......... Straw Total 71 ......... Connecting part 73 ......... Pin 75 ......... Guide 77 ......... Pulse 78 ...... Torque reel 79 ......... Wire 80 ......... Shielding machine 81 ......... Drilling part 83 ......... Skin Plate 85 ... Tail plate 87 ... Tail end 89 ... Segment 91 ... Tail clearance 93 ... Tail end clearance

Claims (5)

A shield machine that pushes and pushes a segment with a jack provided in the skin plate,
A first measuring means provided on a tail plate at a rear end of the skin plate, and measuring a first clearance between the tail plate and the segment;
A strain gauge provided on the tail plate and measuring strain of the tail plate;
A shield machine comprising:   The shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising second measuring means for measuring a second clearance between the skin plate and the segment. The first measuring means includes
A hydraulic jack having a movable part that is movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment;
Means for measuring the oil flow rate of the hydraulic jack;
The shielding machine according to claim 1, further comprising: The first measuring means includes
A hydraulic jack having a movable part that is movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment;
A sensor for measuring the amount of movement of the movable part of the hydraulic jack;
The shielding machine according to claim 1, further comprising: The first measuring means includes
A hydraulic jack having a movable part that is movable by the tail plate and a first clearance of the segment;
Means for measuring the amount of movement of the wire connected to the movable part of the hydraulic jack;
The shielding machine according to claim 1, further comprising:

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