JP5069595B2 - Moving mechanism, optical device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a moving mechanism and an optical apparatus having the moving mechanism.

  As a moving mechanism used in the optical apparatus, for example, there is a telescope focusing mechanism. The focusing mechanism of a general telescope is a helicoid type with a part of the lens barrel being a focus ring, and a pinion and focusing handle are provided on a shaft member extending in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the lens barrel. Many rack and pinion types. Among these, the rack and pinion method is an excellent method for use in a telescope having a large aperture and a long barrel like an astronomical telescope.

Conventionally, most rack-and-pinion focusing mechanisms that are motorized to prevent vibration caused by manual operation have a structure in which the pinion is engaged with a gear on the motor side (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-75016 A

  Most of the conventional structures can be easily electrified, but for smooth manual operation, it is necessary to temporarily loosen the connection between the pinion and the motor side gear, and it is not possible to frequently switch between electric and manual. This means that in the case of a machine used outdoors such as an astronomical telescope, it becomes impossible to operate when the battery runs out, and the volume is turned to perform electric coarse movement and fine movement, and a large current is required. It was easy for the battery to run out.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a moving mechanism capable of automatically switching between electric and manual operation and an optical apparatus having the moving mechanism.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
A shaft member rotatably held in the housing;
A responsive member in contact with the shaft member;
A plurality of roller shafts provided in a circumferential portion of the shaft member, extending radially outward of the shaft member and arranged in the circumferential direction;
A plurality of rollers each rotatably held on the roller shaft;
A fine movement handle that is rotatably held by the housing, has a first power transmission surface portion that has a rotation center line that coincides with the rotation center line of the shaft member and that contacts the roller, and is manually operable from the outside of the housing; ,
A coarse motion handle provided on the shaft member and manually operable from outside the housing;
One or more motors fixed to the housing having a second power transmission surface portion that is rotatably held by the shaft member, contacts the roller, and faces the first power transmission surface portion across the roller. And a power transmission gear that can be electrically operated by driving the motor.
When the coarse handle is manually operated, the roller rotates the smaller one of the fine handle and the power transmission gear, which requires less torque to rotate, in conjunction with the rotation of the shaft member by friction,
When the fine movement handle is manually operated, the rotational force of the first power transmission surface portion is transmitted as the rotational force of the roller by friction, and the roller rolls with respect to the second power transmission surface portion, thereby causing the fine movement. Decelerates and transmits the rotation of the handle to the shaft member;
When the power transmission gear is electrically operated, the rotational force of the second power transmission surface portion is transmitted as the rotational force of the roller by friction, and the roller rolls with respect to the first power transmission surface portion. Decelerates and transmits the rotation of the power transmission gear to the shaft member;
A moving mechanism is provided in which the responding member is moved by rotation of the shaft member.

  In addition, the present invention provides an optical device having the moving mechanism.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a moving mechanism that can automatically switch between electric and manual, and an optical device having the moving mechanism.

  Hereinafter, the moving mechanism and the optical device having the moving mechanism according to the first and second embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. The moving mechanism according to the first and second embodiments is a rack and pinion focusing mechanism of a telescope.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a moving mechanism and its surroundings according to the first embodiment.

  2 is an AA enlarged sectional view of the moving mechanism of FIG.

  FIG. 1 shows a rack-and-pinion focusing mechanism 3 of the telescope 1 and its surrounding structure. There is an objective lens (not shown) on the left side, and a lens barrel 5 holding it. A draw tube 7 is fitted into a part of the tube, and the draw tube 7 can slide back and forth along the optical axis of the objective lens with respect to the barrel 5. The front end of the eyepiece lens mounting tube 9 is fitted and fixed to the rear end of the draw tube 7, and the eyepiece lens 11 is mounted to the rear end of the eyepiece lens mounting tube 9. In addition, before and after in the description in the present specification are the left and right directions in FIG. 1, and correspond to the objective lens side and the eyepiece lens side of the telescope 1, respectively.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lower part of the lens barrel 5 is a housing 5 a that houses the main part of the focusing mechanism. In the housing 5a, arm portions 5b and 5c are formed on the left and right sides in FIG. 2, and a round bar-shaped shaft member 13 is rotatably held by both arm portions 5b and 5c. In the center of the shaft member 13, a pinion 15 whose tooth traces are parallel to the central axis of the shaft member 13 is provided. A rack 17 extending in the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens and having teeth facing downward is provided below the draw tube 7, and the pinion 15 and the rack 17 are engaged with each other.

  With such a configuration, when the shaft member 13 is rotated, the rotational movement of the pinion 15 is converted into the linear movement of the rack 17, and the draw tube 7, the eyepiece mounting tube 9 and the eyepiece 11 fixed to the draw tube 7 are illuminated. It can be moved back and forth in the axial direction. Thus, the focusing operation is performed by changing the distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens 11. Note that another device such as a camera can be attached instead of the eyepiece lens 11 (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-141990), and focusing by this mechanism is also focused.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the left and right ends of the housing 5a have openings 5d and 5e, and the shaft member 13 extends to the inside of the openings 5d and 5e outside the arm portions 5b and 5c. Yes. A rough movement handle 19 having a circular side surface is provided at the left end of the shaft member 13, and the coarse movement handle 19 is configured to cover the opening 5d. The right end of the shaft member 13 is a disk-shaped enlarged diameter portion 21, and four roller shafts 23 (because they are the same member) that extend radially outward and line up at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The code is represented by one). Here, the roller shaft 23 is fixed to the enlarged diameter portion 21 by fitting the inner end 23 a into four holes formed in the peripheral portion of the enlarged diameter portion 21.

  Four rollers 25 (the same member is represented by one symbol) are externally fitted to the middle portion of the roller shaft 23 and are held rotatably with respect to the roller shaft 23. The rotation center line of the roller 25 coincides with the center axis line of the roller shaft 23 and is orthogonal to the rotation center line of the shaft member 13. Both flat side surfaces of the roller 25 are in contact with the peripheral surface of the enlarged diameter portion 21 and the outer end 23 b of the roller shaft 23, so that the roller 25 does not come off radially outward of the enlarged diameter portion 21. Yes. The roller 25 is formed by fixing an elastic body such as rubber to the peripheral portion of the metal cylinder, and the peripheral surface thereof is in contact with a first power transmission surface portion and a second power transmission surface portion described later. Here, the number of the roller shafts 23 and the rollers 25 is not limited to four, and may be any number as long as it is two or more. In order to suppress backlash, it is preferable to use three or more.

  A fine movement handle 27 having a circular side surface is rotatably engaged with the opening 5e of the housing 5a. Here, a groove 5f extending in the circumferential direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the opening 5e. The peripheral portion 27a of the fine movement handle 27 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the opening 5e, and the convex portion formed on the peripheral portion 27a. 27b is inserted into the groove 5f. Since the engagement portion between the fine movement handle 27 and the opening 5e is configured as described above, by applying a predetermined rotational force to the fine movement handle 27, it acts on the contact surface of the engagement portion with the opening 5e. The fine movement handle 27 can be rotated while receiving the frictional force. The rotation center line of the fine movement handle 27 coincides with the rotation center line of the shaft member 13. The fine movement handle 27 has a columnar portion 27 c that protrudes to the inside of the opening 5 e, and an end surface (surface on the pinion 15 side) of the columnar portion 27 c is a first power transmission surface portion 27 d that contacts the roller 25.

  A disk-shaped power transmission gear 29 is fitted on the shaft member 13 on the left side of the enlarged diameter portion 21 and is rotatably held. The right flat end surface of the power transmission gear 29 is a second power transmission surface portion 29a that contacts the roller 25 and faces the first power transmission surface portion 27d with the roller 25 interposed therebetween. Note that only the roller 25 is in contact with the first power transmission surface portion 27 d and the second power transmission surface portion 29 a, and both flat end surfaces of the enlarged diameter portion 21 are slightly smaller in diameter than the outer peripheral surface of the roller 25. It is located inward of the direction and is not in contact with both power transmission surface portions 27d and 29a.

  A wave spring 31 and a washer 33 are fitted on the shaft member 13 on the left side of the power transmission gear 29. The washer 33 is restrained from moving toward the pinion 15 by a step portion 13 a formed on the shaft member 13. The power transmission gear 29 is pressed from the pinion 15 side by the wave spring 31 pressurized by the washer 33 and presses the roller 25 from the pinion 15 side. Furthermore, the roller 25 pressurizes the first power transmission surface portion 27d.

  The lower part of the arm part 5c extends further downward to form a plate-like part 5g, and the electric motor 35 is fixed to the plate-like part 5g with screws or the like. A gear 37 is attached to the shaft of the motor 35, and the gear 37 meshes with the power transmission gear 29. In addition, the motor side gear may be comprised with two or more.

  The fine movement handle 27 is engaged with the opening 5 e of the housing 5 a radially outward from the roller 25, and the power transmission gear 29 is engaged with the gear 37 radially outward from the roller 25. The engagement portion between fine movement handle 27 and opening 5 e is further radially outward than the meshing portion between power transmission gear 29 and gear 37. The gear 37 is a gear having a smaller diameter than the power transmission gear 29. The coarse movement handle 19 and the fine movement handle 27 can manually rotate the pinion 15 from the outside of the housing 5a. The power transmission gear 29 rotates the roller 25 by driving the motor 35 and rotating the gear 37. The rotational force of 25 acts on the first power transmission surface portion 27d and the enlarged diameter portion 21, and the enlarged diameter portion 21 rotates due to the reaction of the first power transmission surface portion 27d. Thereby, electric operation can be performed.

  With such a configuration, friction force is used between the roller 25 and the first power transmission surface portion 27d (fine movement handle 27) and between the roller 25 and the second power transmission surface portion 29a (power transmission gear 29). Then, a path for transmitting rotation is configured by rolling the roller 25.

  The operation of this route portion will be described below.

  When the coarse motion handle 19 is rotated, the shaft member 13 with the pinion 15 is directly rotated, and the rack 17 and the draw tube 7 are moved back and forth in the optical axis direction as described above. This moving speed is set to a ratio of 1 compared with the moving speed at the time of fine movement and electric drive described later. At the time of coarse movement, the roller 25 held by the roller shaft 23 fixed to the enlarged diameter portion 21 has either a fine movement handle 27 or a power transmission gear 29 with a smaller torque required for rotational activation, and a power transmission surface portion. The shaft member 13 is rotated in conjunction with the rotation of the shaft member 13 by friction with 27d or 29a. The larger torque required for rotation start does not rotate, and the power transmission surface portion is a fixed surface.

  Further, when a rotational force exceeding a predetermined amount is applied to the coarse movement handle 19, slip occurs between the roller 25 and the contact surface, and no force is applied to the gear 37, the motor 35, or the like to destroy them. That is, the roller 25 and the first power transmission surface portion 27d slip each other when the rotational force acting on the contact portion exceeds a predetermined amount, and the roller 25 and the second power transmission surface portion 29a have a rotational force acting on the contact portion exceeding the predetermined amount. It is comprised so that it may slip mutually.

  When the fine movement handle 27 is rotated, the first power transmission surface portion 27d rotates the roller 25 by friction. On the other hand, the second power transmission surface portion 29a is interlocked with the motor 35, receives a rotation restricting force of the motor 35, and serves as a fixed surface. Therefore, when the roller 25 rotates, the roller 25 and the second power transmission surface portion 29a roll with respect to the second power transmission surface portion 29a, and the shaft member 13 holding the roller 25 rotates. In this configuration, the rotation of the fine movement handle 27 is decelerated and transmitted to the shaft member 13. The rotation of the power transmission gear 29 is restricted by the reaction force acting on the meshing portion with the gear 37 with respect to the rotational force received from the roller 25 and becomes a fixed surface. Here, as described above, the meshing portion of the power transmission gear 29 and the gear 37 is radially outward from the roller 25, and the gear 37 is a gear having a smaller diameter than the power transmission gear 29. Rotation regulation is easy.

  In the configuration according to the present embodiment, when the fine movement handle 27 is rotated at the same speed as the coarse movement handle 19 at the time of the coarse movement, the roller shaft 23 and the shaft member 13 to which they are fixed are one of the fine movement handles 27. It will rotate at a speed of / 2. As a result, the movement of the draw tube 7 or the like becomes a fine movement with a movement speed ½ with respect to the coarse movement.

  When the power transmission gear 29 is rotated electrically, the second power transmission surface portion 29a rotates the roller 25 by friction. On the other hand, the first power transmission surface portion 27d becomes a fixed surface due to friction or locking force generated between the convex portion 27b of the fine movement handle 27 and the groove 5f. Therefore, when the roller 25 rotates, the roller 25 and the first power transmission surface portion 27d roll with respect to the first power transmission surface portion 27d, and the shaft member 13 holding the roller 25 rotates. In this configuration, the rotation of the power transmission gear 29 is decelerated and transmitted to the shaft member 13. The fine movement handle 27 is restricted in rotation by a reaction force acting on the engaging portion with the opening 5e with respect to the rotational force received from the roller 25, and becomes a fixed surface. Here, as described above, the engagement portion between the fine movement handle 27 and the opening 5 e is located radially outward from the roller 25, and is further radially outward than the meshing portion between the power transmission gear 29 and the gear 37. Therefore, it is easy to regulate the rotation by the reaction force.

  In the configuration according to the present embodiment, when the gear 37 is electrically rotated at the same speed as the coarse movement handle 19 at the time of the coarse movement, when the power transmission gear 29 rotates at a predetermined reduction ratio, for example, 1/4, the roller The shaft 23 and the shaft member 13 to which they are fixed rotate at a speed half that of the power transmission gear 29. That is, the shaft member 13 rotates at a reduction ratio of 1/8 of the motor shaft. As a result, the movement of the draw tube 7 or the like becomes a movement speed 1/8 with respect to the coarse movement.

  In both cases of fine movement and electric movement, failure can be prevented by a configuration in which the roller 25 and the contact surface slip with respect to a rotational force exceeding a predetermined amount, as in the case of coarse movement. With this configuration in which failure can be prevented even if a sudden force is applied to the coarse handle 19 or the like, for example, the coarse handle 19 can be manually operated during the electric operation of the power transmission gear 29. Further, the manual operation of the fine movement handle 27 can be performed during the electric operation of the power transmission gear 29. That is, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the rotation amount of the shaft member 13 within the range of the rotational force that does not slip even if it is manually operated during electric drive, and the shaft member 13 moves while slipping above that. In addition, since the frictional force between the roller 25 and the first and second power transmission surface portions 27d and 29a can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the washer 33, the necessary frictional force can be generated.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, a rack and pinion type focusing mechanism 3 that can automatically switch between electric and manual without any special switching operation and a telescope 1 having the same are provided. be able to. Moreover, electric drive and manual operation can be performed simultaneously. In addition, a mechanism for coarse and fine movements is provided, and an electric mechanism can be incorporated while maintaining sufficient operability and the size of the telescope.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a moving mechanism according to the second embodiment.

  The second embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the first embodiment except that the shaft member 13 is provided with a second coarse movement handle 39. Therefore, the overlapping description is omitted, some of the reference numerals in the drawings are omitted, and the same parts as those in the first embodiment are indicated by the same reference numerals.

  A through hole 43 is formed at the center of the fine movement handle 41. The right end of the shaft member 13 extends further beyond the enlarged diameter portion 21 (the configuration on the left side from the enlarged diameter portion is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is therefore denoted by the same symbol), and extends through the through hole 43. A second coarse movement handle 39 is fixed to the tip. With this configuration, the coarse movement operation can be performed also on the fine movement handle 41 side. Also in the second embodiment, it is the same as in the first embodiment that a power transmission mechanism capable of automatic switching between electric and manual is built in a compact manner, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Although the moving mechanism according to the first and second embodiments is a rack and pinion focusing mechanism of a telescope, the moving mechanism of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the moving mechanism of the present invention can be used for various optical devices such as an astronomical telescope, a microscope, a camera, and a surveying instrument. The moving mechanism may move a lens or the like, or may move other members. For example, the movement mechanism of the microscope can be used for moving a stage on which the placement member is placed.

  Moreover, the structure of the contact part of a shaft member and a response member is not restricted to a rack and pinion, For example, it can also comprise with a friction roller.

  In addition, in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, the configuration requirements of the embodiment have been described, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to this.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the moving mechanism which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and its periphery. It is an AA expanded sectional view of the moving mechanism of FIG. It is an expansion cross-sectional view of the moving mechanism which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Telescope 3 Rack pinion type focusing mechanism 5a Housing 7 Draw tube 13 Shaft member 15 Pinion 17 Rack 19 Coarse movement handle 21 Diameter expansion part 23 Roller shaft 25 Roller 27 Fine movement handle 27d 1st power transmission surface part 29 Power transmission gear 29a 2nd Power transmission surface portion 35 Motor 37 Gear 39 Second coarse movement handle

Claims (11)

A shaft member rotatably held in the housing;
A responsive member in contact with the shaft member;
A plurality of roller shafts provided in a circumferential portion of the shaft member, extending radially outward of the shaft member and arranged in the circumferential direction;
A plurality of rollers each rotatably held on the roller shaft;
A fine movement handle that is rotatably held by the housing, has a first power transmission surface portion that has a rotation center line that coincides with the rotation center line of the shaft member and that contacts the roller, and is manually operable from the outside of the housing; ,
A coarse motion handle provided on the shaft member and manually operable from outside the housing;
One or more motors fixed to the housing having a second power transmission surface portion that is rotatably held by the shaft member, contacts the roller, and faces the first power transmission surface portion across the roller. And a power transmission gear that can be electrically operated by driving the motor.
When the coarse handle is manually operated, the roller rotates the smaller one of the fine handle and the power transmission gear, which requires less torque to rotate, in conjunction with the rotation of the shaft member by friction,
When the fine movement handle is manually operated, the rotational force of the first power transmission surface portion is transmitted as the rotational force of the roller by friction, and the roller rolls with respect to the second power transmission surface portion, thereby causing the fine movement. Decelerates and transmits the rotation of the handle to the shaft member;
When the power transmission gear is electrically operated, the rotational force of the second power transmission surface portion is transmitted as the rotational force of the roller by friction, and the roller rolls with respect to the first power transmission surface portion. Decelerates and transmits the rotation of the power transmission gear to the shaft member;
A moving mechanism characterized in that the responding member is moved by rotation of the shaft member. The fine handle engages the housing radially outward from the roller;
The power transmission gear meshes with the gear radially outward from the roller;
When the fine movement handle is manually operated, the rotation of the power transmission gear is restricted by the reaction force acting on the meshing portion with the gear against the rotational force received from the roller,
The rotation of the fine movement handle is restricted by a reaction force acting on an engagement portion with the housing with respect to a rotational force received from the roller when the power transmission gear is electrically operated. The moving mechanism described in 1. The roller and the first power transmission surface portion slip each other when the rotational force acting on the contact portion exceeds a predetermined amount,
The moving mechanism according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the roller and the second power transmission surface portion slip each other when a rotational force acting on the contact portion exceeds a predetermined amount. Movement mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during motor operation of the power transmission gear the possible manual operation of the fine motion handle. The moving mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the coarse operation handle can be manually operated during an electric operation of the power transmission gear. Movement mechanism according to claim 1, any one of 5, wherein said roller shaft is 3 or more. Movement mechanism according to any one of claims 1 6, characterized in that said the shaft member has a second coarse handle is provided. The moving mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the responding member is translated in a direction substantially orthogonal to a center line of the rotation by rotation of the shaft member. The moving mechanism according to claim 8 , wherein the shaft member is provided with a pinion that meshes with a rack provided in the responding member. The moving mechanism moving mechanism according to any one of claims 1 9, characterized in that a focusing mechanism in the optical device. Optical apparatus characterized by having a moving mechanism according to any one of claims 1 10.

Images