JP4861130B2 - Ionospheric electron density calculator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an ionosphere electron density calculation device for calculating an electron density at an arbitrary position in an ionosphere.

  When performing communication using radio waves, it is necessary to determine the propagation path of communication waves as accurately as possible in order to maintain good communication efficiency. By the way, when communication is performed using a signal having a frequency such as an HF band affected by the ionosphere, the propagation path of the communication wave is refracted by electrons distributed in the space when the communication wave passes through the ionosphere. For this reason, the influence of the ionosphere must be taken into account when calculating the propagation path.

  Since the way of refraction of the propagation path of the communication wave passing through the ionosphere is determined by the distribution of the electron density of the ionosphere, it is necessary to calculate the electron density at a desired position in the ionosphere in the process of calculating the propagation path. The electron density at an arbitrary position in the ionosphere can be obtained using an existing ionosphere electron density distribution model. By inputting data such as the date and time at which the electron density is to be calculated into this ionosphere electron density distribution model, the electron density at that position can be calculated.

Examples of the ionospheric electron density distribution model include an IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model and a Bent model described in Non-Patent Document 1.
Dieter Bilitza, et. al. , “International Reference Ionsphere 1990”, November, 1990.

  However, since the IRI model and the like are ionospheric electron density distribution models at a monthly average level, the state of the ionosphere at a certain time cannot be accurately shown. For this reason, the IRI model or the like may not be able to calculate the electron density according to the actual ionospheric state.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide an ionosphere electron density calculation device capable of calculating the electron density at a desired position in the ionosphere in accordance with the actual state of the ionosphere. .

In order to achieve the above object, an ionospheric electron density calculation device according to the present invention includes a satellite signal receiving means for receiving satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies respectively transmitted from a plurality of navigation satellites, and each of the signals received by the satellite signal receiving means. A pseudo distance and a phase distance to the navigation satellite based on each of the satellite signals of the plurality of frequencies from the navigation satellite are calculated, and for each navigation satellite, a satellite from the navigation satellite is calculated based on the calculated pseudo distance and the phase distance. For each navigation satellite, using the first total electron number calculating means for calculating the total number of electrons in the signal passage path as the observed total number of electrons and the ionosphere electron density distribution model indicating the electron density distribution of the ionosphere, a second total electron number calculation means for calculating the total number of electrons definitive the passage path of the satellite signals from the satellites as a model the total number of electrons, each navigation satellite Nitsu Calculating a difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number, and using the calculated difference, a coefficient for correcting an electron density value calculated using the ionosphere electron density distribution model is calculated. Calculate the electron density at a desired position using the coefficient calculation means to calculate and the ionospheric electron density distribution model, and calculate the corrected electron density by multiplying the calculated electron density by the coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculation means. And an electron density calculating means.

The ionospheric electron density calculation device of the present invention includes satellite signal receiving means for receiving satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies transmitted from a plurality of navigation satellites, and the navigation satellites receiving the satellite signals from the respective navigation satellites. A pseudo distance and a phase distance to the navigation satellite based on each of the satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies are calculated, and based on the calculated pseudo distance and a phase distance, for each of the navigation satellites, in a passage path of the satellite signal from the navigation satellite Using the first total electron number calculating means for calculating the total number of electrons as the observed total number of electrons and the ionosphere electron density distribution model indicating the electron density distribution of the ionosphere, satellite signals from the navigation satellite are obtained for each of the navigation satellites. a second total electron number calculation means for calculating the total number of electrons definitive in passing path as a model the total number of electrons, the said observation total electron for each navigation satellite And calculating the difference between the model total electron number and using the difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number for the navigation satellite existing on the east side of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means, A coefficient for correcting the value of the electron density calculated using the ionosphere electron density distribution model is calculated as a first coefficient, and the navigation satellite existing on the west side of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means is Coefficient calculation means for calculating, as a second coefficient, a coefficient for correcting the electron density value calculated using the ionosphere electron density distribution model using the difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number And calculating the electron density at a desired position using the ionospheric electron density distribution model. If the desired position is east of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means, the calculated electron density is calculated. Is multiplied by the first coefficient, and the corrected electron density is calculated by multiplying the calculated electron density by the second coefficient when the desired position is west of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means. And an electron density calculating means.

  According to the ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus of the present invention, the electron density at a desired position in the ionosphere can be calculated in accordance with the actual state of the ionosphere.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the ionospheric electron density calculation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a satellite observation unit 1, an ionosphere observation unit 2, an Internet data processing unit 3, a signal processing unit 4, and a data server unit 5. Prepare.

  The satellite observation unit 1 includes a satellite signal receiving antenna 11, a satellite signal receiving unit 12, and a satellite signal processing unit 13. The satellite signal receiving unit 12 receives satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies transmitted from navigation satellites such as GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites, Galileo satellites, Glonass satellites, and quasi-zenith satellites received via the satellite signal receiving antenna 11. Supply to the processing unit 13.

  The satellite signal processing unit 13 calculates the position of the navigation satellite from the satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies from the satellite signal receiving unit 12, and uses the difference in the propagation delay amount of each frequency to exist in the satellite signal passing path. The total number of electrons (TEC: Total Electron Content) is calculated. Hereinafter, the total number of electrons in the path of the satellite signal calculated using the satellite signal received by the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 will be referred to as the total number of observed electrons as appropriate.

  Further, the satellite signal processing unit 13 transmits the obtained calculation result to the signal processing unit 4 and the data server unit 5 through the network 7. The satellite signal processing unit 13 transmits various data obtained from the satellite signal to the data server unit 5 via the network 7.

  The ionosphere observation unit 2 includes an ionosonde antenna 21, an ionosonde 22, and an ionosonde collection data processing unit 23. The ionosonde 22 transmits observation signals of a plurality of frequencies to the ionosphere via the ionosonde antenna 21, receives the reflected signal reflected by the ionosphere, and collects data such as the round-trip time of the observation signal To do.

  The ionosonde collection data processing unit 23 calculates the electron density distribution information in the ionosphere height direction from the data collected by the ionosonde 22 (E layer electron density, E layer peak electron density altitude, F1 layer electron density altitude, F1 layer peak electron density altitude). , F2 layer electron density, F2 layer peak electron density altitude, seaside (plasma) frequency, etc.) are calculated, and the obtained calculation results are transmitted to the signal processing unit 4 and the data server unit 5 via the network 7. The ionosonde collection data processing unit 23 transmits the data collected by the ionosonde 22 to the data server unit 5 via the network 7.

  The Internet data processing unit 3 includes a GEONET collection data processing unit 31 and a relay unit 32. The GEONET collection data processing unit 31 acquires information related to the ionosphere (number of sunspots, solar flux intensity F10.7, etc.) via the Internet 6.

  In addition, the GEONET collection data processing unit 31 uses a GPS reception observation network (GEONET) managed by the Geographical Survey Institute or IGS (International GPS) that publishes international GPS observation data. (Service for Geodynamics) via the Internet 6.

  The relay unit 32 includes a switching hub or a router, and transmits various data acquired by the GEONET collected data processing unit 31 to the data server unit 5 via the network 7. Since the Internet data processing unit 3 is connected to the outside, the GEONET collection data processing unit 31 and the relay unit 32 have a fire-all function.

  The signal processing unit 4 includes a reception unit 41, a calculation unit 42, and an input / output unit 43. The receiving unit 41 receives various calculation results and various data obtained by the satellite observation unit 1, the ionosphere observation unit 2, and the like via the network 7 and outputs them to the calculation unit 42.

  The calculation unit 42 uses the position of each navigation satellite calculated by the satellite signal processing unit 13 and the ionospheric electron density distribution model such as the IRI model to calculate the satellite signal from each navigation satellite to the installation position of the satellite signal receiving antenna 11. The total number of electrons (TEC) in each passing path is calculated by integrating the electron density on the passing path. Hereinafter, the total number of electrons calculated using the ionospheric electron density distribution model is referred to as a model total number of electrons as appropriate.

  The computing unit 42 calculates the difference between the total number of observed electrons and the total number of model electrons for each navigation satellite observed by the satellite observing unit 1, and uses the calculated difference to calculate the ionospheric electron density distribution model. The correction coefficient for correcting the electron density value is calculated. The computing unit 42 calculates the electron density at a desired position using the ionosphere electron density distribution model, and calculates the corrected electron density by multiplying the calculated electron density by the correction coefficient.

  The input / output unit 43 receives an input signal from the user and outputs the calculation result obtained by the calculation unit 42 to the outside.

  The data server unit 5 includes a recording processing unit 51 and a recording unit 52. The recording processing unit 51 receives various calculation results and various data obtained by the satellite observation unit 1, the ionosphere observation unit 2, the Internet data processing unit 3, and the signal processing unit 4 via the network 7 and records them in the recording unit 52. Perform the process.

  Next, the operation of the ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 of the satellite observation unit 1 is installed at a position (satellite observation position) at which satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies transmitted from the navigation satellites 9a, 9b,. The satellite signal receiving unit 12 receives satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies transmitted from the respective navigation satellites 9a, 9b,... Via the satellite signal receiving antenna 11.

  Then, the satellite signal processing unit 13 calculates the position of each navigation satellite 9a, 9b,... From the satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies received by the satellite signal receiving unit 12, and determines the difference in propagation delay amount depending on the frequency of the satellite signal. The total number of electrons (the total number of observed electrons) existing in the satellite signal passage paths 10a, 10b,. At this time, if there is observation data of the satellite signal published on the Internet, the observation data is acquired by the Internet data processing unit 3, and the acquired observation data is also used in the same manner, so that the total number of electrons in the satellite signal passing path is obtained. Ask for.

  Satellite signals of multiple frequencies transmitted from the navigation satellite suffer different propagation delays in the ionosphere. On the contrary, the total number of electrons in the passage path of the satellite signal can be obtained from the difference in propagation delay amount generated at the different frequencies. Here, a method for calculating the total number of electrons (TEC) of the passage route of the satellite signal based on a two-frequency signal transmitted from the navigation satellite (here, GPS L1 and L2 signals) will be described.

The pseudo distance (code distance, pseudo range) is calculated by the following (Expression 4), and the phase distance (phase distance) is calculated by (Expression 5).

The relationship between the result of subtracting the observed values of the two frequencies and the total number of electrons (TEC) in the passage path of the satellite signal is shown in the following (Formula 6) and (Formula 7).

Here, [rho is pseudoranges, phi is the phase distance, r is true distance, C is the speed of light, f is the satellite signal frequency, the wavelength of λ satellite signals, .DELTA.t _u is the satellite observation unit 1 time error, .DELTA.t ^S Is the time error of the navigation satellite, I is the ionospheric propagation delay, T is the tropospheric propagation delay, N _amb is an integer uncertain value, and ε is the observation error.

Therefore, from (Equation 6), the total number of electrons (TEC) in the satellite signal passage path is obtained as in the following (Equation 8).

Further, since the error ε ′ is large as it is, smoothing using the phase is performed in order to reduce the error ε ′.

  Here, m is a number assigned in order of data collection time, and K is a smoothing constant, which is appropriately changed. K depends on the sampling time interval, and takes a time constant of about 180 seconds. Therefore, K = 180 / dt (dt: sampling time interval).

  Further, the calculation unit 42 uses the position of each navigation satellite 9a, 9b,... Calculated by the satellite signal processing unit 13 and the ionospheric electron density distribution model, from each navigation satellite 9a, 9b,. Are integrated to calculate the total number of electrons (the total number of model electrons) in each passing path by integrating the electron density on the passing paths 10a, 10b,.

The model total number of electrons TEC _g ^model can be obtained by integrating the electron density of the passage path from the idea of the total number of electrons (TEC) in the passage path of the satellite signal, as shown in the following (Formula 10). it can.

Here, the function f is an ionospheric electron density distribution model function such as an IRI model, and s is a parameter that determines a model value and is a parameter indicating a position. In addition, R is the installation position of the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 for receiving satellite signals (satellite observation position), M _g is the position of the navigation satellite, g is an identifier for identifying the navigation satellite. The model total electron number TEC _g ^{model in} (Equation 10) indicates the result of integrating the ionospheric electron density distribution model function f along the path from the navigation satellite position M _g to the satellite observation position R.

Next, the calculation unit 42 calculates the total number of observed electrons <TEC> _{m, g} and the total number of model electrons TEC _g ^model for each navigation satellite calculated by the satellite signal processing unit 13 as in the following (Formula 11). to calculate the difference ΔTEC _g.

And the calculating part 42 calculates the correction coefficient (alpha) for correcting the value of the electron density calculated by the ionosphere electron density distribution model by the following (Formula 1).

Here, N _g is the number of navigation satellites that are receiving satellite signals with the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 at the satellite observation position R.

  When calculating the electron density at an arbitrary position that is not the path through which the satellite signal passes, the calculation unit 42 calculates the electron density at a desired position using the ionosphere electron density distribution model, and sets the correction coefficient α to the calculated electron density. Multiply to calculate the corrected electron density.

  Here, when calculating the electron density, the calculation unit 42 calculates the electron density distribution information in the height direction of the ionosphere calculated by the ionosonde collection data processing unit 23 of the ionosphere observation unit 2 (E layer peak electron density height, F1 layer peak). (Electron density altitude, F2 layer peak electron density altitude, etc.) and information related to the ionosphere acquired by the Internet data processor 3 (number of sunspots, solar flux intensity F10.7, etc.) can be optionally input to the electron density distribution model It may be used as a parameter.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the total number of electrons in the passage path of the satellite signal calculated from the observed satellite signal (the total number of observation electrons) and the total number of the satellite signal in the passage path of the satellite signal calculated by the ionosphere electron density distribution model. The correction coefficient α is calculated using the difference from the number of electrons (model total electron number), and the correction electron density is calculated by multiplying the electron density at the desired position calculated using the ionosphere electron density distribution model by the correction coefficient α. By doing so, it is possible to calculate the electron density according to the actual state of the ionosphere.

(Modification)
In the above embodiment, one correction coefficient α is calculated for the entire space. However, in this modification, the space is divided into meridians along the meridian passing through the satellite observation position, the correction coefficient α _E for the east space, The correction coefficient α _W for the space of is determined.

  Similar to the above embodiment, the calculation unit 42 calculates the total observation electron number and the model total electron number for each navigation satellite calculated by the satellite signal processing unit 13, and the total observation electron number and the model total electron. The difference from the number is calculated.

Then, the calculation unit 42 uses the difference between the total number of observation electrons and the total number of model electrons for the navigation satellite existing on the east side from the installation position (satellite observation position) of the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 (Equation 2 ) To calculate the correction coefficient α _E for the east space. In addition, the calculation unit 42 uses the difference between the total number of observation electrons and the total number of model electrons for the navigation satellite existing on the west side from the satellite observation position, and calculates the correction coefficient α for the west space by the following (Equation 3). _W is calculated.

Here, ΔTEC _{g, E} is the difference between the total observation electron number and the model total electron number for the navigation satellite existing on the east side of the satellite observation position, and TEC _{g, E} ^model is the navigation existing on the east side of the satellite observation position. The total number of model electrons for the satellite, Ng _{, E} is the number of navigation satellites that are receiving satellite signals with the satellite signal receiving antenna 11 and are present on the east side of the satellite observation position, and ΔTEC _{g, W} is The difference between the total observation electron number and the model total electron number for the navigation satellite existing west of the satellite observation position, TEC _{g, W} ^model is the total model electron number for the navigation satellite existing west of the satellite observation position, identification for N _{g, W} is the number of navigation satellites a navigation satellite receiving the satellite signal in a satellite signal receiving antenna 11 present in the west than satellite observation position, g is to identify the navigation satellite It is a child.

Then, the computing unit 42 calculates the electron density at a desired position using the ionosphere electron density distribution model, and when the desired position is east of the satellite observation position, the correction coefficient α _E is added to the calculated electron density. To calculate the corrected electron density. If desired position is west than satellite observation position, it calculates a correction electron density by multiplying the correction coefficient alpha _W on the calculated electron density.

  As described above, in this modification, the space is divided into east and west on the meridian passing through the satellite observation position, and the correction coefficient for each space is calculated, so that the electron density in accordance with the actual ionospheric state can be calculated more accurately. it can.

  Note that the above embodiment is merely for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art can employ various embodiments including each or all of these elements, and these embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating calculation of the total number of electrons in the passage path | route of a satellite signal.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Satellite observation part 2 Ionosphere observation part 3 Internet data processing part 4 Signal processing part 5 Data server part 11 Satellite signal receiving antenna 12 Satellite signal receiving part 13 Satellite signal processing part 21 Ionsonde antenna 22 Ionosonde 23 Ionosonde collection data processing part 31 GEONET Collected data processing unit 32 Relay unit 41 Receiving unit
42 arithmetic unit 43 input / output unit 51 recording processing unit 52 recording unit

Claims (6)

Satellite signal receiving means for receiving satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies respectively transmitted from a plurality of navigation satellites;
Calculate a pseudo distance and a phase distance to the navigation satellite based on each of the satellite signals of the plurality of frequencies from the navigation satellites received by the satellite signal receiving means, and based on the calculated pseudo distance and the phase distance, A first total electron number calculating means for calculating a total number of electrons in a passage path of a satellite signal from the navigation satellite as an observed total number of electrons for the navigation satellite;
Using ionospheric electron density distribution model showing an electron density distribution of the ionosphere, the respective navigation satellite, a second total electronic calculating the total number of electrons definitive the passage path of the satellite signal from the navigation satellite as a model the total number of electrons Number calculating means;
The difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number is calculated for each navigation satellite, and the calculated electron density value is corrected using the ionospheric electron density distribution model using the calculated difference. Coefficient calculating means for calculating a coefficient for
Calculating an electron density at a desired position using the ionosphere electron density distribution model, and multiplying the calculated electron density by the coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculating means; An ionosphere electron density calculation device comprising: The coefficient calculating means includes α as the coefficient, ΔTEC _g as the difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number, TEC _g ^model as the model total electron number, and N _g as the satellite signal at the satellite signal receiving means. 2. The ionospheric electron density according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient α is calculated by the following (Equation 1), where g is an identifier for identifying a navigation satellite, and g is an identifier for identifying the navigation satellite. Calculation device.

Satellite signal receiving means for receiving satellite signals of a plurality of frequencies respectively transmitted from a plurality of navigation satellites;
Calculate a pseudo distance and a phase distance to the navigation satellite based on each of the satellite signals of the plurality of frequencies from the navigation satellites received by the satellite signal receiving means, and based on the calculated pseudo distance and the phase distance, A first total electron number calculating means for calculating a total number of electrons in a passage path of a satellite signal from the navigation satellite as an observed total number of electrons for the navigation satellite;
Using ionospheric electron density distribution model showing an electron density distribution of the ionosphere, the respective navigation satellite, a second total electronic calculating the total number of electrons definitive the passage path of the satellite signal from the navigation satellite as a model the total number of electrons Number calculating means;
The difference between the total number of observed electrons and the total number of model electrons is calculated for each navigation satellite, and the total number of observed electrons and the model for the navigation satellite existing on the east side of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means. Using the difference from the total number of electrons, a coefficient for correcting the electron density value calculated using the ionospheric electron density distribution model is calculated as a first coefficient, and from the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means The coefficient for correcting the value of the electron density calculated using the ionosphere electron density distribution model using the difference between the observed total electron number and the model total electron number for the navigation satellite existing on the west side Coefficient calculating means for calculating as a second coefficient;
The electron density at a desired position is calculated using the ionospheric electron density distribution model, and when the desired position is east of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means, the first coefficient is calculated as the calculated electron density. An electron density calculating unit that multiplies and calculates the corrected electron density by multiplying the calculated electron density by the second coefficient when the desired position is west of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving unit. An ionosphere electron density calculation device characterized by the above. The coefficient calculation means includes α _E as the first coefficient, ΔTEC _{g, E} as the observation total electron number and the model total electron number for the navigation satellite existing on the east side of the installation position of the satellite signal reception means. TEC _{g, E} ^model is the total number of model electrons for the navigation satellite existing east of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means, and N _{g, E} is the satellite signal receiving means for receiving the satellite signal. Assuming that the number of navigation satellites existing on the east side of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means and g is an identifier for identifying the navigation satellite, the first coefficient is given by the following (Equation 2). α _E is calculated, α _W is the second coefficient, ΔTEC _{g, W} is the total number of observed electrons and the total number of model electrons for the navigation satellite existing west of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means. Difference of TE _g, the model total electron count for the navigation satellites the _W ^model exists in the West than the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means, N _{g, W} in navigation satellites and receiving the satellite signal by the satellite signal receiving means When the number of navigation satellites existing on the west side of the installation position of the satellite signal receiving means and g is an identifier for identifying the navigation satellite, the second coefficient α _W is calculated by the following (Equation 3). The ionospheric electron density calculation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:

An ionosphere observation means for transmitting observation signals of a plurality of frequencies to the ionosphere, receiving the reflection signal reflected by the ionosphere, and acquiring electron density distribution information in the height direction of the ionosphere,
The electron density calculation unit calculates the electron density at the desired position using the electron density distribution information acquired by the ionosphere observation unit as a parameter input to the ionosphere electron density distribution model. The ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus according to any one of 1 to 4. Data acquisition means for acquiring observation data obtained by observing multiple navigation satellites at multiple observation points from outside,
The first total electron number calculating means calculates the total number of electrons in the passage path of the satellite signal transmitted from each navigation satellite as the observed total electron number using the observation data acquired by the data acquisition means. The ionosphere electron density calculation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

Images