JP4839447B2 - Street light - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a street lamp, and more particularly to a street lamp suitable for installation at a position adjacent to a vegetation area.

  In general, white or yellow illumination lamps such as incandescent bulbs and white fluorescent lamps are used as street lamps. It is appropriate to use such white or yellow lighting to illuminate the road surface at night, but along with the urbanization of the farming area, it is adjacent to the farmland such as paddy fields and fields on the side of the road. There are many situations where night illumination devices such as various street lamps are installed at the position, and in such a situation, the light of the night illumination device also illuminates the farmland. Continuing to illuminate the vegetation area with such white or yellow light at night results in light pollution.

  Street lamps are necessary for ensuring visibility at night and outdoors, for crime prevention, etc., and are required to have a certain level of brightness in terms of ensuring security. On the other hand, outdoor nighttime lighting not only interferes with social life such as astronomical observation and sleep, but also affects the poor growth of crops such as paddy rice and the growth of wildlife such as sea turtles and birds. It is caught in the form of harm.

  Due to the response to day length, plants are short-day plants that start flower bud differentiation under short-day conditions that are longer than daytime, long-day plants that start flower bud differentiation under long-day conditions during the day, and are not affected by day length Divided into Chunichi plants. The effects of nighttime lighting on crops vary depending on the nature of these plants, and nighttime lighting can cause early day squeezing of long-day plants, but short-day plants have effects such as delayed flowering. .

  Looking at paddy rice cultivated in paddy fields, paddy rice was originally a low-latitude region with little day length variation and was a Chunichi plant, and had a temperature sensitivity that promotes flower bud formation by temperature. In Japan, cultivars with strong photosensitivity and short-day characteristics have been cultivated to enable cultivation in high latitude areas. When night illumination light hits such short-day rice, the short-day condition cannot be encountered and the formation of flower buds is delayed. However, there are many varieties of paddy rice, and how they are affected by nighttime lighting varies depending on the variety.

The following literature describes the way of night lighting in consideration of the effect on crop growth in farmland.
Patent Document 1 discloses that paddy rice, which is a short-day plant that emerges under short-day conditions, is reduced several hours before natural sunlight is irradiated in order to reduce the occurrence of heading delay due to long-day conditions due to night illumination. Irradiating near-infrared light. This is because the heading of paddy rice is thought to depend on the conversion of phytochrome from the red light absorption type to the near infrared light absorption type, so by irradiating the paddy rice with near infrared light before natural sunlight is irradiated. This is because phytochrome can be simulated as having existed as a red light absorption type, and then changed to a near infrared light absorption type by sunlight.

  In Patent Literature 2, a light-shielding wall is formed integrally with the lamp body to block a part of the light irradiated to the rear of the lamp body in a road lighting fixture, and light leaks from the surrounding residents, rice fields and vegetables in the field. It describes how to avoid harm.

Patent Document 3 describes a lighting device using a light emitting diode for controlling plants from night moths.
Non-Patent Document 1 describes pest control lighting that controls pests and prevents harmful effects such as flowering promotion and flowering delay on crops. It is said that it is appropriate to use a lamp having a dominant wavelength in the vicinity of ˜540 nm and having little light emission in a short wavelength region of 500 nm or less and a long wavelength region of 580 nm or more in order not to affect the crop.

  However, Patent Document 1 irradiates near-infrared light before irradiating sunlight to prevent the heading delay of paddy rice, and does not attempt to eliminate the influence on the paddy rice by the night illumination device. With this technology, it will be possible to cope with light damage caused by new or existing houses and stores and street lamps by installing a separate near-infrared light source. At the same time, it is necessary to install a near-infrared light irradiation device for preventing heading delay, resulting in a large equipment cost.

  In Patent Document 2, light from a light source of a light bulb such as a high-pressure sodium lamp is blocked by a light-shielding wall. However, if the street light reaches a certain height, the light wraps around the light-shielding wall. In order to prevent light pollution on vegetables, etc., it is inadequate, and when light is blocked to the extent that light pollution can be sufficiently reduced on the farmland side, the horizontal illuminance becomes 2 lx or less, The difference in brightness between the light-shielded side and the irradiation surface side on the road is increased, resulting in darkness, which is not preferable in terms of crime prevention. The light-shielded side does not satisfy the JIS road illumination standard as a street light.

The illuminating device in Patent Document 3 illuminates a wide area at a position relatively close to a plant, and is not suitable for using such an illuminating device as a street lamp.
Non-Patent Document 1 shows a lighting device having a wavelength characteristic that is effective for controlling yaga, but this is installed in cultivated land as an insect-proof light, like a street light installed on the road side. It is not used as a simple lighting device.

JP 2006-271374 A JP 2000-222911 A JP 2002-199837 A Special Feature “Environmental Technology: Pest Control Lighting for Reduced and Pesticide-Free” (Matsushita Electric Works, Vol.54, No.1, pp.30-35)

  The present inventor installed a street lamp using a mercury lamp on the road along the paddy field, investigated the relationship between the illuminance distribution on the upper surface of the paddy rice community and the heading delay for each rice variety, and the sensitivity of night illumination light for each variety. As a result, the cultivar Hinohikari and Haruharu, which are cultivated in western Japan, have a remarkable decrease in yield due to nighttime lighting. It was found that the sales may be reduced by about 40% under the lighting of the standard of “road lighting” (corresponding to the illuminance of roads with low traffic in residential areas). These findings are presented at the National Symposium of the Illuminating Society of Japan held on August 25, 2006.

  As mentioned above, since conventional street lamps use white or yellow-based illuminants, plants in the vegetation area within the irradiation range will be exposed at night when installed in locations close to vegetation areas such as paddy fields and fields. By receiving the light from street lights, light pollution such as heading delay occurred. In order to prevent such light pollution, the light source provided with the light shielding wall cannot sufficiently prevent the light damage, and the light source of near infrared light separately requires a lot of cost. As described above, when the conventional street light is installed close to the vegetation area, the light pollution cannot be effectively prevented for the plant, or the installation requires a lot of expenses. Therefore, there has been a demand for a street light that can effectively prevent light pollution even when installed in the vicinity of a vegetation area and can be installed without requiring much expense.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a street lamp according to the present invention is a street lamp for installing a light emitter on a support post and installing it at a position close to a vegetation area. The illuminant is configured by combining a light source for irradiating the vegetation area side and a light source for irradiating the non-vegetation area side. A light source that emits green light having a wavelength of 500 to 580 nm and that irradiates a range including the region side, and a light source for irradiating the side that is not the vegetation region is other than green light having a wavelength of 500 to 580 nm A plurality of light emitting diodes having high directivity to the extent that the vegetation region side is not irradiated with light including a wavelength region other than the green light and is disposed on the ground. Town It is intended to provide the illumination necessary as light.

  The light source for irradiating the vegetation area side with the light emitter and the light source for irradiating the non-vegetation area side are configured as separate light emitter units and attached to the column. May be.

The light emitter emits a number of green light emitting diodes as light sources for irradiating the vegetation area side, and light including a wavelength range other than green light as a light source for irradiating the non-vegetation area side A plurality of light emitting diodes having high directivity may be arranged and mounted on an integrated substrate.
The light emitter or the light emitter unit constituting the light emitter may be attached to the column so that the angle can be adjusted.

  The present invention uses a green illuminant that does not cause light pollution as a light source of a street light installed in a location adjacent to the vegetation area, and includes a highly directional LED for light other than green, By irradiating only green light substantially, it is possible to avoid or reduce light pollution of plants due to longer day length while maintaining the function as a street light. It can be installed without cost.

  The street lamp as a night outdoor lighting device according to the present invention is installed in a state where it is installed in order to prevent light damage to plants, particularly when installed on the side of a road adjacent to a vegetation area such as paddy fields and fields. The plant is irradiated with only green light. A single light source type street light that uses only a green (wavelength 500 to 580 nm) light source that does not cause light damage to plants as a light source, and a white system that includes a green light source and wavelength components other than green, etc. There is a composite light source type street light in which a plant is irradiated with only green light in a state where a street light is installed in combination with the above light source. In any case, green light that does not cause light damage to plants is irradiated on the vegetation area side such as paddy fields and fields, and there is no difference in illuminance between the vegetation area side and the road side, and the road side It is assumed that the horizontal plane illuminance of the above can ensure 3 lx or more of the JIS road lighting standard. In the following description, a green light source that does not cause light pollution in the present invention uses a light emitting wavelength in the range of 500 to 580 nm. The light emission characteristics of lamps and light-emitting diodes as such light sources are not necessarily in the range where the emission wavelength is strictly within the range of 500 to 580 nm, but they are sufficiently weak even if wavelength components outside this range are included. For example, it can be used because it is considered that the plant does not cause light pollution, and the light emission wavelength of 500 to 580 nm also means that.

(A) Single light source type street light As a whole, a single light source type street light using a green light source uniformly illuminates the road side and vegetation areas such as paddy fields and fields with a green light source. The light source unit is configured by arranging a large number of green light-emitting diodes (green LEDs) or a green single-color light-emitting lamp as a light source. As the green LED, either a green LED that emits green light or a green LED that emits green light by exciting a fluorescent material with light from a light-emitting diode having a wavelength shorter than that of green may be used. A number of such green LEDs are arranged and mounted on a planar or curved substrate as many as necessary to give illuminance as a night illumination light source, and are covered with a transparent protective cover to form a light emitter. In order to make the irradiation range wide, it is preferable to arrange green LEDs on a convex curved substrate. Because it is suitable as a street light, the illumination light source should be 3 lx or more of the JIS road illumination standard on the entire irradiation surface, and it will not cause a difference in light and darkness that would cause a problem in crime prevention by making it uniform. And

(B) Compound light source type street light A road in which only green light is irradiated to the vegetation area side of paddy fields, etc. in a state where a green light source and a normal light source including a white system including a wavelength component other than green are combined. On the side, a compound light source type street lamp that is irradiated with light in other wavelength regions such as white light source emits light that emits green light (wavelength 500 to 580 nm) and light that includes wavelength components other than green. And a combination of LEDs having high directivity. As a structure of the light emitter of such a street lamp, there are one in which a green light source and a light source of other color light are integrated, and another light emitter unit.

(A) Integrated light-emitting body A green LED for vegetation area illumination and another color LED for road illumination are separately arranged and mounted on a curved or planar substrate. . FIG. 1A shows a street lamp having a light emitter using a curved substrate. The light emitter 1 in this street lamp is obtained by arranging and mounting a large number of green LEDs 3g and a high directivity white LED 3w on a curved substrate 2. The white LED is a one-chip type that emits white light as a combined light of blue or ultraviolet LED emission and complementary color light by fluorescence, or a multi-chip that arranges red, green, and blue LEDs side by side to produce white light as the combined light A mold can be used. The white LED uses a bullet-type LED having high directivity due to the lens action of the convex front cover. Such a bullet-type LED can increase directivity as an individual light emitter. The green LED need not have particularly high directivity. FIG. 1A schematically shows a state in which a large number of green LEDs 3g and white LEDs 3w are separately arranged, but the number of LEDs is actually larger, and the LEDs are mounted as much as necessary to ensure necessary illuminance. The substrate 2 of the light emitting body 1 is provided with wiring, and is further housed in a case as a reinforcing body, and the light emitting surface side is covered with a transparent protective cover. The light emitter 1 is attached to the column 5 by a fixture 4. It is preferable that the fixture 4 can adjust the angle of the light emitter so that the illumination range can be adjusted after the light emitter is attached. 6 is a base for fixing a support | pillar to the ground, and as an installation method, it may be fixed to the ground with concrete. A solar cell panel 10 can be installed and used by such means in places where there is no electrical infrastructure such as mountainous farm roads. It is not necessary to provide a solar panel particularly in a place where a power transmission system is secured. In addition, by adjusting the luminance of the green light and the white light in the power supply circuit wiring of the green LED and the white LED, the balance between the green light and the white light in the illumination light can be adjusted after installation. .

  FIG.1 (b) shows the irradiation range of the ground by the light-emitting body 1 at the time of installing a street light like Fig.1 (a) in the road edge close to a vegetation area. The light of the green LED 3g of the light emitter 1 located at a predetermined height from the ground is irradiated to a region G that sandwiches the boundary between the vegetation region and the road, and the light of the white LED 3w is irradiated to a region W on the road side. The region G and the region W are not necessarily separated clearly and often overlap in practice, but even in that case, the region W should not be projected to the vegetation region side. For that purpose, it is necessary to form the directivity of each LED and the shape of the substrate 2 on which the LED is mounted so that the light of the green LED 3g and the white LED 3w is directed to the regions G and W in the light emitter 1, respectively. . In addition, it is preferable that the attachment angle of the light emitter 1 by the attachment 4 can be adjusted so that the irradiation area W of the white LED 3w does not protrude to the vegetation area side after the street light is installed.

  The shape of such a substrate is not a simple annular surface in the case of a curved surface, but a curved surface whose curvature changes three-dimensionally, or in the case of a planar shape, a plurality of planes having different normal directions are joined. There are a combination of multi-face shapes, and a shape in which a plane and a curved surface are joined and combined. FIG. 1C shows an example of a light emitter when the substrate 2 has a multi-face shape, in which a boundary portion 2a is provided between the surface on which the central white LED 3w is mounted and the surfaces on which the green LEDs 3g on both sides are mounted. Thus, the shape of the substrate is set so that the light of each LED is easily adapted to be irradiated in the range shown in FIG.

  In such a light-emitting body, the green LED may have a certain extent of irradiation range, but the white LED needs to have high directivity in order to prevent light from entering the vegetation area side.

(B) Split-type illuminant FIG. 2 shows an example in which a green light source and a light source of other color light are configured as separate illuminant units as a configuration of a streetlight illuminant. The illuminator 1 according to the example of FIG. 2 includes one white illuminant unit 3A and two green illuminant units 3B on both sides thereof, and each is attached to the column 5 by a fixture 4. In this case, it is preferable that the mounting tool can adjust the mounting angle of each light emitter so that the irradiation range can be adjusted after the mounting. 6 is a base, and 10 is a solar cell panel.

  The white light emitting unit 3A is formed by mounting a large number of highly directional white LEDs on a single substrate as a light source, and is a light emitting unit covered with a transparent cover or housed in a case. The green light emitter unit may include a large number of green LEDs, or may be a lamp that emits green light, a green fluorescent lamp as a fluorescent color, or the like.

  The irradiation range on the ground by the light emitter 1 in the state where the street light shown in FIG. 2 is installed at the end of the road close to the vegetation area is shown in FIG. 1B in the case of the light emitter of the street light of FIG. It should be the same as the irradiation range shown. Also in this case, the mounting angle of the white light emitting unit 3A is set so that the light of the white LED 3w having high directivity in the white light emitting unit 3A does not enter the vegetation area side, or the mounting angle of the white light emitting unit is adjusted. If possible, it is necessary to adjust the mounting angle after installation. For the green light emitter unit 3B, the irradiation range may extend from the vegetation area side to the road side.

  Even in the case of a split-type illuminator street lamp, the brightness of green light and white light can be adjusted in the power supply circuit wiring of the green illuminant and the white LED, so that the green light in the illumination light after installation The balance between light and white light can be adjusted.

  The above is a street lamp installed at a position close to the vegetation area, and the area other than the vegetation area is a road, but it is not limited to the road, and there are other cases such as a plaza and a parking lot. In the case of a road, if there is a certain road width, the light of the street lamp does not reach the opposite side of the road when viewed from the vegetation area, but the opposite side if the road width is narrow and the opposite side is also a vegetation area It is necessary to prevent light other than green light from being irradiated to the vegetation area. To that end, the street light is as shown in FIG. The street light in FIG. 3A is provided with the integrated light emitter 1, and is the same as the above example in that it is attached to the column 5 by the fixture 4. The light emitter 1 is a combination of a green LED 3g and a highly directional white LED 3w arranged and mounted, but the way of arrangement is to sandwich the intermediate white LED 3w as shown in FIG. Green LED portions are arranged on the front side and the back side.

  Assume that the irradiation range on the ground surface by the light emitter is as shown in FIG. 3B in a state where the street light is installed by the light emitter in which each LED is arranged. In FIG. 3 (b), the green LED light is applied to the upper vegetation region and part of the road region, and further the lower vegetation region and part of the road region, while the white LED light is applied to the road part. It is necessary to adjust the angle of the light emitter so that only the irradiation range is used, and to select a light emitter that does not exceed the width of the road. In order to cope with the difference in the width of the road, the luminous body of the street lamp is configured as a split type divided into two by the horizontal center line in the white LED portion in FIG. A form of adjusting the angle so that it can be adapted to the road width is conceivable.

  Although the example of the form of the street lamp that does not cause light pollution according to the present invention has been described above, as a whole, the basic idea is that when the street lamp is installed at a position close to a vegetation area such as a rice field or a field, the vegetation is The area side is irradiated with green light with a wavelength of 500 to 580 nm, and light emission using a highly directional LED is applied so that light containing other wavelength components such as white light that irradiates a non-vegetation area is not irradiated to the vegetation area. The horizontal illuminance on the ground surface by the illuminant satisfies the conditions required for a street light such as the JIS road lighting standard.

(A) It is a figure which shows the example of a street lamp provided with the integrated light-emitting body which mounted LED on the curved-surface-shaped board | substrate. (B) It is a figure which shows roughly the irradiation range on the ground by the light-emitting body of the street lamp of (a). (C) It is a figure which shows the example at the time of using a multi-sided board | substrate as a light-emitting body. It is a figure which shows the example of a street lamp provided with the division | segmentation type light-emitting body which consists of a several light-emitting body unit. (A) It is a figure which shows the example of a street light in the case of installing in a narrow road. (B) It is a figure which shows roughly the irradiation range on the ground by the light-emitting body of the street lamp of (a).

Explanation of symbols

1 Light Emitter 2 Substrate 3A, 3B Light Emitter Unit 3g Green LED
3w white LED
4 Fixture 5 Post 6 Base 10 Solar Panel

Claims (4)

  A street lamp for attaching a light emitter to a post and installing it at a position close to the vegetation area, the light source for irradiating the vegetation area side, and a light source that is not on the vegetation area side. The light source for irradiating the vegetation area side of the light emitter is configured to irradiate a range including the vegetation area side and emits green light having a wavelength of 500 to 580 nm. A light source comprising a light source for irradiating the side that is not the vegetation region emits light including a wavelength region other than green light having a wavelength of 500 to 580 nm, and light including a wavelength region other than the green light is the vegetation region side A street light characterized in that a large number of light-emitting diodes having high directivity to the extent that they are not irradiated are provided, and in the installed state, the illuminance necessary for the street light is given on the ground.   The light source for irradiating the vegetation area side with the light emitter and the light source for irradiating the non-vegetation area side are each configured as a separate light emitter unit and attached to the column. The street lamp according to claim 1, wherein the street lamp is provided.   The light emitter emits a number of green light emitting diodes as light sources for irradiating the vegetation area side, and light including a wavelength range other than green light as a light source for irradiating the non-vegetation area side The street light according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting diodes having high directivity are arranged and mounted on an integrated substrate. The street lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light emitter or a light emitter unit constituting the light emitter is attached to the support column such that an angle thereof can be adjusted.

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