JP4822793B2 - Winding method of permanent magnet generator for distributed power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator for a distributed power source for extracting an approximate maximum output obtained from wind or water, regardless of wind speed or flow velocity, from a generator driven by a wind turbine or water turbine.

  In order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator connected to a windmill or a water turbine without using a PWM converter, the present applicant firstly uses a different permanent magnet generator. A rectifier is connected in series via a reactor to output terminals of a plurality of windings that generate an induced voltage, and a DC power output of this rectifier is connected in parallel and proposed for a distributed power generator (for example, (See Patent Document 1).

The prior application technique will be described in detail with reference to a main circuit single line connection diagram showing a power generator for a distributed power source connected to the wind turbine of FIG.
In FIG. 7, 101 is a windmill, 102 is a power generator for distributed power supply of the prior application, 103 is a permanent magnet generator, 104 and 105 are first and second reactors, and 106 and 107 are first and second reactors. A rectifier 111 is a positive output terminal, 112 is a negative output terminal, and 113 is a battery.

The permanent magnet generator 103 has two types of windings that are insulated and have different induced voltages. Since the number of turns of the two types is small, the output terminal 11 of the first winding W1 that has a low induced voltage. ˜13 are connected to the first reactor 104 and further connected to the first rectifier 107.
Since the number of turns is large, the output terminals 21 to 23 of the second winding W <b> 2 having a high induced voltage are connected to the second reactor 105 and further connected to the second rectifier 108.
The direct current sides of the first and second rectifiers 107 and 108 are connected in parallel to the positive output terminal 111 and the negative output terminal 112, and the total output of each winding is connected to the battery 113.

A method of obtaining a rough maximum wind turbine output from the power generator 102 for the distributed power source configured as described above will be described below.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the rotational speed versus the output characteristic of the wind turbine when the wind speed is used as a parameter.
In the windmill, when the shape of the windmill and the wind speed U are determined, the windmill output P with respect to the windmill rotational speed N is uniquely determined. For example, the windmill output P with respect to the wind speed Ux and Uy is indicated by a solid line in FIG. And the peak of the windmill output P with respect to various wind speeds becomes like the maximum output curve shown with the dashed-dotted line of FIG.
That is, when the wind speed is Ux in the wind turbine rotation speed vs. output characteristics of FIG. 6, as indicated by the intersection Sx of the wind turbine output curve of the wind speed Ux and the maximum output curve, the wind turbine maximum output Px at the wind turbine rotation speed Nx. It becomes.
When the wind speed is Uy, the windmill maximum output Py at the wind speed Uy is obtained at the windmill rotational speed Ny.

  In other words, looking at the maximum output curve in FIG. 6 in order to obtain the maximum output from the wind, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is determined, the output P of the permanent magnet generator at that time is uniquely set to the maximum. This indicates that the value on the output curve may be determined.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the DC output of the distributed power generator 102 that is the subject of the prior application technology is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery, and the permanent magnet generator 103 of the distributed power generator 102. The outputs of the first and second windings W1 and W2 of FIG. 5 are caused by the difference in the induced voltage value of each winding and the voltage drop due to the internal inductance of each winding and the reactor connected to each winding output. P1 and P2 shown in the rotational speed vs. output characteristics of the wind turbine by each winding are obtained.

That is, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is low, the battery is not charged because the voltage V2 generated by the second winding W2 is lower than the battery voltage Vb. However, when the windmill rotational speed N rises and approaches N2, current starts to flow, and when the windmill rotational speed N further rises, because the internal inductance and the like are large, a small current flows and a small output P2 can be obtained.
With respect to the first winding W1, the induced voltage increases as the rotational speed N further increases, and when the wind turbine rotational speed N becomes near N1, output begins to be obtained, and when the wind turbine rotational speed N further increases, the internal inductance increases. And so on, a large current flows and a large output P1 can be obtained.

The output to the constant voltage source such as the battery 113 of the distributed power generator 102 configured as described above is the same as the total output obtained by adding the outputs P1 and P2 of the first and second windings. The output curve is approximated to the maximum output curve Pt shown by the solid line in FIG.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-221714 (FIG. 1)

As described above, in the permanent magnet generator 103 constituted by various types of windings, the second winding W2 has a large number of turns but a small current flows, so that a lot of thin electric wires must be wound. .
In addition, the first winding W1 has a small number of turns but a large current flows. Therefore, a small number of thick windings must be wound.
Since the winding configuration is complicated as described above, it is easy to make an error in the wiring connection of the windings, and the problem that the power generation apparatus 102 for the distributed power supply becomes expensive due to an increase in the number of manufacturing processes is a problem to be solved. is there.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a wind turbine or a water turbine, the wire diameter and the number of turns of the winding to be accommodated in the stator slot in the permanent magnet generator are set to one type. A winding method for a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source, wherein different output voltages are generated externally depending on the connection method of the winding ends.

  Since the permanent magnet generator 103 of the power generator 102 for distributed power supply according to the present invention uses only one type of winding to be housed in the stator slot in the permanent magnet generator 103, erroneous connection and manufacturing man-hours are reduced. The price of the power generator for the distributed power supply can be reduced.

  The number of poles of the rotor in the permanent magnet generator 103 is a multiple of 6, one type of winding is accommodated in the stator slot, and the winding end connection method is 3Y (hereinafter, the star connection is referred to as Y). And 1Y, a winding method constituted by two types.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a winding connection method when the present invention is applied to a 6-pole 9-slot permanent magnet generator 103.
In the figure, 11U to 13U are U phase of low induced voltage, 11V to 13V are V phase of low induced voltage, 11W to 13W are W phase of low induced voltage, 21U to 23U are U phase of high induced voltage, and 21V to 23V represents the V phase of the high induced voltage, and 21W to 23W represent coils wound around the respective stators of the W phase of the high induced voltage. Each of these coils has the same wire diameter and the same number of turns.
Hereinafter, FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the stator and rotor of the permanent magnet generator 103 with 6 poles and 9 slots in FIG. 4 and the main circuit single line connection diagram in FIG.

Since the coils 11U and 21U wound around the stator teeth 301 are configured with the same wire diameter and the same number of turns, the same induced voltage is generated. The coils 12U, 22U, 13U and 23U wound around the other stator teeth 304 and 307 also generate the same induced voltage as described above.
In addition, coils 11V to 13V and 21V to 23V wound around different stator teeth 302, 305, and 308 generate different and same induced voltages having different phases from those of coil 11U and the like.
Further, coils 11W to 13W and 21W to 23W wound respectively on other stator teeth 303, 306 and 309 generate different induced voltages having different phases from coils 11U and 11V.

Coils 11U, 12U and 13U are each connected in parallel to generate a U phase with low induced voltage, coils 11V, 12V and 13V are respectively connected in parallel to generate a V phase with low induced voltage, and coil 11W, 12W and 13W are respectively connected in parallel to generate a W phase with a low induced voltage.
Each phase coil connected in parallel is 3Y-connected and connected to the AC reactor 104 through the external connection terminals 11, 12, and 13.
Coils 21U, 22U and 23U are connected in series to generate a high induced voltage U phase, coils 21V, 22V and 23V are connected in series to generate a high induced voltage V phase, and coil 21W, 22W and 23W are connected in series to generate a W phase with a high induced voltage.
Each phase coil connected in series is 1Y-connected and connected to the AC reactor 105 through the external connection terminals 21, 22, and 23.

Coil 21 </ b> U to coil 23 </ b> W are 1Y-connected to generate a high induced voltage, and are connected to AC reactor 105 through external connection terminals 21, 22, and 23. This 1Y connection starts power generation from a low rotational speed, and outputs, for example, an output P2 of the rotational speed versus output characteristic diagram of FIG. Therefore, the current flowing through the external connection terminals 21 to 23 is small.
Coil 11U to coil 13W are 3Y-connected to generate a low induced voltage, and are connected to AC reactor 104 through external connection terminals 11, 12, and 13. This 3Y connection starts power generation at a high rotational speed and outputs, for example, an output P1 of the rotational speed versus output characteristic diagram of FIG. Therefore, a large amount of current flows through the external connection terminals 11 to 13.

Here, the current flowing through the external connection terminals 11 to 13 is large, but since the 3Y connection is made, the current flowing through the coils 11U to 13W is 1/3 of the current flowing through the external connection terminals 11 to 13. Therefore, if the currents that can flow through all the coils 11U to 23W are the same, the output current of the 1Y connection can be 1, and the output current of the 3Y connection can be 3.
In this way, approximation of the maximum output curve with the total output can be realized by making the coils having the same wire diameter and the same number of turns into the 1Y connection and the 3Y connection.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a winding connection method when the present invention is applied to an 8-pole 12-slot permanent magnet generator 3.
In the figure, 11U to 14U are U phase of low induced voltage, 11V to 14V are V phase of low induced voltage, 11W to 14W are W phase of low induced voltage, 21U to 24U are U phase of medium induced voltage, and 21V to 24V is the medium induction voltage V phase, 21W to 24W is the medium induction voltage W phase, 31U to 34U is the high induction voltage U phase, 31V to 34V is the high induction voltage V phase, and 31W to 34W is the high induction voltage. It represents a coil wound around each W-phase stator. Each of these coils has the same wire diameter and the same number of turns.
Hereinafter, FIG. 2 will be described with reference to the main circuit single-line diagram shown in FIG.

Coils 11U, 21U, and 31U are configured with the same wire diameter and the same number of turns, and are wound around the same stator teeth, and therefore generate the same induced voltage.
Coils 12U, 22U and 32U, coils 13U, 23U and 33U, and coils 14U, 24U and 34U wound around the other stator teeth also generate the same induced voltage as described above.

In addition, coils 11V, 21V and 31V, coils 12V, 22V and 32V, coils 13V, 23V and 33V, and coils 14V, 24V and 34V wound around different stator teeth have the same wire diameter and the same number of turns. Then, another same induced voltage having a phase different from that of the coil 11U or the like is generated.

Furthermore, coils 11W, 21W and 31W, coils 12W, 22W and 32W, coils 13W, 23W and 33W, and coils 14W, 24W and 34W wound around different stator teeth have the same wire diameter and the same number of turns. The same induced voltage is generated that is different in phase from the coils 11U and 11V.

Coils 11U, 12U, 13U and 14U are connected in parallel to generate a low induced voltage U phase, and coils 11V, 12V, 13V and 14V are connected in parallel to generate a low induced voltage V phase, respectively. The coils 11W, 12W, 13W, and 14W are connected in parallel to generate a W phase with a low induced voltage.
Each phase coil connected in parallel is 4Y-connected and connected to the AC reactor 104 through the external connection terminals 11, 12, and 13.

Coils 21U and 22U, and 13U and 14U are connected in series, and are further connected in parallel to generate a U phase of a medium induced voltage. Coils 11V and 12V, and 13V and 14V are connected in series, Furthermore, it is connected in parallel to generate the V phase of the parking induced voltage, and the coils 11W and 12W and 13W and 14W are connected in series, and further connected in parallel to generate the W phase of the medium induced voltage.
Each phase coil connected in series and parallel is connected in 2Y and connected to the AC reactor 105 through the external connection terminals 21, 22, and 23.

Coils 31U, 32U, 33U and 34U are connected in series to generate a U phase with high induced voltage, and coils 31V, 32V, 33V and 34V are connected in series to generate a V phase with high induced voltage, Coils 31W, 32W, 33W and 34W are connected in series to generate a W phase having a high induced voltage.
Each phase coil connected in series is 1Y-connected, and is connected to the AC reactor 106 through the external connection terminals 31, 32, 33.

Coil 31U to coil 34W are 1Y-connected to generate a high induced voltage, and are connected to AC reactor 106 from external connection terminals 31 to 33. This 1Y connection starts power generation at a low rotational speed, but the output is small. Therefore, the current flowing through the external connection terminals 31 to 33 is small.
Coil 21 </ b> U to coil 24 </ b> W are connected in 2Y to generate a medium induced voltage, and are connected to AC reactor 105 through external connection terminals 21 to 23. This 2Y connection starts power generation from the medium rotational speed, but the output is medium. Therefore, the current flowing through the external connection terminals 21 to 23 is higher than that of the external connection terminals 31 to 33, but is medium.
The coils 11U to 14W are 4Y connected to generate a low induced voltage, and are connected to the AC reactor 104 from the external connection terminals 11 to 13. This 4Y connection starts power generation at a high rotational speed and has a large output. Therefore, the most current flows through the external connection terminals 11 to 13.

Here, the current flowing through the external connection terminals 11 to 13 is large, but since the 4Y connection is made, the current flowing through the coils 11U to 14W is 1/4 of the current flowing through the external connection terminals 11 to 13.
The current flowing through the external connection terminals 21 to 23 is the second largest, but since the 2Y connection is made, the current flowing through the coils 21U to 24W is ½ of the current flowing through the external connection terminals 21 to 23.
Therefore, if the currents that can be passed through all the coils 11U to 23W are the same and the output current of the 1Y connection is 1, the output current of the 2Y connection can be 2 and the output current of the 4Y connection can be 4.
In this way, approximation of the maximum output curve can be realized by setting the coils having the same wire diameter and the same number of turns to the 1Y connection, the 2Y connection, and the 4Y connection.

In the above description, the winding connection method when applied to the 6-pole 9-slot and 8-pole 12-slot permanent magnet generator 3 has been described. However, the permanent magnet is an integral multiple of the combination of the number of poles and the number of slots. It can also be applied to type generators. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to permanent magnet generators having 1.5 times the number of poles, such as 10 poles and 15 slots, by connecting wires such as 5Y, 3Y, and 1Y.
Further, in order to reduce the cogging torque, even in a slot combination in which the number of poles versus the number of slots is other than 2 to 3, if the number of stator slots is a multiple of 9, the connection method is 3Y, 1Y, and the stator slot If the number is a multiple of 12, it can be applied by setting the connection method to 4Y, 2Y, 1Y.

According to the winding method of the permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source of the present invention, an anemometer and an expensive PWM converter are unnecessary, and furthermore, since the types of windings in the permanent magnet generator are reduced, it is inexpensive. Since the standby power required for the PWM converter is not necessary, the amount of power generation throughout the year can be increased, which is extremely useful in practice.
The above has been described with reference to wind power. However, for example, if the shape of a water turbine is determined like hydraulic power, the present invention can also be applied to applications in which the rotational speed versus output characteristics when the maximum output is taken out are uniquely determined.

It is a 1st example of the present invention, and is a figure showing a winding connection method at the time of applying to a 6 pole 9 slot permanent magnet type generator. It is a 2nd Example of this invention, and is a figure which shows the winding connection method at the time of applying to an 8 pole 12 slot permanent magnet generator. It is a main circuit single line connection figure of the power generator for distributed power supplies in the 2nd example of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the stator and rotor of a 6 pole 9 slot permanent magnet type generator in 1st Example of this invention. It is a rotation speed vs. windmill output characteristic figure of the power generator for distributed power supplies. It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of the rotation speed versus output characteristic of a windmill when a wind speed is made into a parameter. It is the main circuit single wire connection diagram of the power generator for distributed power supplies in the former and the 1st example of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

11U to 34U U-phase coil 11V to 34V V-phase coil 11W to 34W W-phase coil 101 Windmill 102 Power generator for distributed power supply 103 Permanent magnet type generators 104 to 106 First to third reactors 107 to 109 First to third Diode Rectifier 111 Positive Output Terminal 112 Negative Output Terminal 113 Batteries 301-309 Stator Taste

Claims (2)

In a distributed power generator for rectifying the AC output of a permanent magnet generator driven by a windmill or a water turbine and outputting the DC output, the number of poles of the rotor of the permanent magnet generator is an integer multiple of 6, and the stator The number of slots is an integer multiple of 9, and the two windings housed in the stator slot are one type of winding with the same wire diameter and the same number of windings, and the winding end connection methods are two types, 3Y and 1Y. A winding method for a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source.
The permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source according to claim 1, wherein the number of poles of the rotor is an integer multiple of 8, the number of stator slots is an integer multiple of 12, and three windings are accommodated in the stator slots. Winding of a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source, characterized in that one type of winding is configured with the same wire diameter and the same number of turns, and the winding ends are connected in three types: 4Y, 2Y and 1Y. Method.

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