JP4757362B2 - 低摩擦係数を有する強力接着性塗膜を形成する組成物 - Google Patents
低摩擦係数を有する強力接着性塗膜を形成する組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4757362B2 JP4757362B2 JP54405198A JP54405198A JP4757362B2 JP 4757362 B2 JP4757362 B2 JP 4757362B2 JP 54405198 A JP54405198 A JP 54405198A JP 54405198 A JP54405198 A JP 54405198A JP 4757362 B2 JP4757362 B2 JP 4757362B2
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/044—Polyamides
- C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
- C10M2217/0465—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers used as base material
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
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Description
対象物に塗布し、塗膜を形成するために硬化すると、対象物に強力に接着し、表面は低摩擦係数を有するものであり、さらに耐食性および着色といったことを目的として添加剤を添加することができる組成物である。
発明の背景
金属製の固定具のような対象物の表面品質を保護し、改良する被覆材料は、広い用途や需要があり、特にしばしば厳しい要求のある航空宇宙分野において需要がある。これらの中で、摩擦係数の低い表面を提供し、基材と強力に接着し、さらに耐食性および着色のような種々の目的のために、添加剤を添加することが可能であるものが提供されている。
これらの目的のために、多数の製品が開発され、販売され、そして多くの重要な用途が今日まで有用であり、また残っている。しかしながら、特に航空宇宙のフレーム(frame)産業においては、これらの材料に要求される性能は、現在の組成物が要求される性能の全てを満たすことができない点から、ますます厳しくなっている。
このような要求の一つは、金属製のシートもしくは金属板の孔中に締まり嵌めを設けるための固定具に対する被覆材に関するものである。孔の直径より大きい0.00762センチメータと同じかもしくはそれ以上(0.003インチもしくはそれ以上)の直径を有する固定ピンは異例ではなく、このピンは上記孔内に押し込まれるものである。固体ピンの圧縮に対する抵抗は、孔の拡大に対する抵抗より大きいので、ピンが孔の周囲にある金属の弾性変形を生じさせて孔に挿入されると同時に、孔の側壁はピンにより拡張される必要がある。この結果、孔中に圧縮されもしくは導入されている間、ピン上に摩擦力を及ぼす、固定ピン上の強力な予荷重された把持力が得られる。この抵抗力は、当然、十分な押し込む力を及ぼすことにより克服することができるが、これらのより大きい力はそれら自身に問題を生じさせる。実施例に記載されているように、アルミニウムのワークに形成された0.6223cm(0.245”)の孔中に、0.635cm(0.2500インチ)の直径のチタニウムピンを、907.1848kg(2,000ポンド)もしくはそれ以下の力で押し込むことは、以前は許容されるとされていた。これらより低い許容される力で、追加の潤滑剤の使用が要求されていた。これらの潤滑剤により生じる問題のため、現在では、追加の潤滑剤無しで、0.3175cm(1/8”)直径のピン上に、680.3886kg(1,500ポンド)もしくはそれ以下の挿入する力に、要求特性が変更された。本発明者等は、追加の潤滑剤の使用に頼ること無く、この新しい要求特性を満たすことができる利用可能な被覆材に関しては知らない。
数十の幅広い用途において、最も好結果であった公知の被膜材の一つは、Sekhonに対し、1976年9月7日に発行された米国特許第3,979,351号に示されている。これは、カリフォルニア州トランス(Torrance)のハイシールコーポレーションにより販売されたハイコート(Hi-Kote)コーティングとして良く知られたものである。この特許は、技術を教示するものとして引用され、かつ本発明により意図される目的に対し、現存する最も効果的な被覆材の一つとして、本明細書に含まれるものである。本発明は、Sekhon特許に改良を加えたものである。追加の潤滑剤無しで、ハイコート(Hi-Kote)材は多くの要求特性を満たすものであるが、追加の潤滑剤を用いずに、680.3886kg(1,500ポンド)の押し込み加重に対する要求特性を満たすことはできない。本発明の被覆材は、いかなる追加の外部潤滑剤無しでもこの能力を提供することができる。
最も重要な要求特性は、潤滑性である。摩擦係数をより低くすることは、締まり嵌めに起因する摩擦の抑制する力を克服するために要求される挿入力をより低くするであろう。Sekhon特許において、潤滑性は原則的に組成物内に含まれるテフロンにより提供される。主張されているように、追加の潤滑剤無しに組成物により得られる最も低い摩擦係数は、より新しい要求特性に対し十分に低いものではない。事実、セチルアルコール溶液のような液体の潤滑剤に、ハイコート(Hi-Kote)材料で被覆されたあとの固定具を浸漬することは、工場において一般的に実施されていることである。そして、このような固定具を被覆するハイコート(Hi-Kote)は、680.3886kg(1,500ポンド)の押し込み加重の制限に合致するものである。セチルアルコールを用いる際の問題点は、腐食およびおそらく孔の周囲のシートを濡らす一因となる点、および塗料の接着性を低下させる場合がある点にあるものと考えられていた。これらの理由から、いかなる補助的な潤滑剤の使用、およびいかなる補助的な潤滑剤に対して反対論が挙げられた。本発明の目的は、補助的な潤滑剤の使用無しで新しい要求特性を満たす固体の被覆材を提供することにある。
当然、表面の摩擦係数を減少させる他の添加剤は、知られている。本発明における適切な例は、ポリエチレンのようなポリオレフィンである。摩擦係数を低下させる添加剤は良く知られており、ポリエチレンを含むものである。例としては、ニュージャージ州Jersey cityのDaniel Products Company,Inc.により販売されているSlip-Ayd productsの製品番号SL31およびSL50を挙げることができる。これらの製品は、被覆材組成物の潤滑性を増加させ、それらの潤滑性から研磨に対する耐性を表面に形成することに広く用いられている。
しかしながら、本発明者のポリテトラフルオロエチレンに換えてポリエチレンを用いる研究は、失敗におわり、そして現在における本発明者の全ての知見からも、ポリエチレンのみを用いた固体塗膜潤滑型被覆材は本発明の利益の全てを提供するように調製することはできない。
被覆材の添加剤としてポリテトラフルオロエチレンおよびポリエチレンの両者を含むことが、追加の潤滑剤無しに680.3886kg(1,500ポンド)の押し込み加重の目標を達成できるほど、組成物の潤滑性と接着性を改良するものであり、かつこのような被覆材から期待される他の利益をも提供されることは、本発明の発明者に対し驚きを与えた。共に作用させると、組合せが相乗的に補助的な潤滑剤無しで、期待されずかつ予測できないより低い摩擦係数の結果を達成する。
基材への塗膜接着性は、固定具の分野のみならず、信頼性のある被覆材を必要とする他の分野においても、重要な要求特性である。サイズの小さい孔内に挿入する必要のある固定具の被膜材は、一般に、約0.000508cm(0.0002インチ)から0.00127cm(0.0005インチ)の肉厚の範囲内である。これらは、基材にしわをつくること、もしくは被覆材の小さな断片を分離し、所望の力で被覆材を剥離する試みにより接着性について試験された。未完成なものであったが、これらの試験は認められるものであり、機能的に十分である。
ポリテトラフルオロエチレンもしくはポリエチレンのいずれもが、特に基材との接着性に好ましいものでなく、かつ全ての組成物は、適切に基材物質に少なくとも部分的に接着された塗膜を形成するように調製された。いずれもが接着に対して好ましいものではないポリエチレンおよびポリテトラフルオロエチレンの組合せは、好ましい接着性を有する被覆材を提供することは驚きである。
発明の概要
本発明の塗膜形成組成物は、樹脂と、潤滑性、耐食性および着色といった種々の目的を達成するための充填剤、および組成物を塗布することを可能とする溶剤とを含むものである。
この被覆材に対する厳しい要求特性を最も満たすのは、ポリエステル類、その他フェノール類、エポキシ類、およびポリウレタン類を含む熱硬化性樹脂である。中でもフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂が好ましく、熱硬化されると、これらは、本来の接着性のある耐薬品性被覆材を提供する。フェノール類の本来有する脆性は、ポリブチレンやDOP(dioctylpthalate)といった種々の樹脂類や可塑剤で可撓性を付与することにより低下しうるであろう。
充填剤類は、後述するように、耐食性、潤滑性および着色等の特徴を付与するために添加される。本発明によれば、潤滑性は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、および、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンとポリプロピレンとの共重合体、およびこれらの混合物といったポリオレフィンの両者を含むことにより提供される。
揮発性の溶剤もしくは溶剤類は、浸漬により、もしくはスプレーすることにより基材上に塗布でき、その後被覆材を乾燥させ硬化できるように、プレキュアー(pre-cured)された樹脂および充填剤の混合物に添加される。
本発明の上述したおよび他の特徴は、以下の詳細な説明および添付された図面により完全に理解されるであろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図1は、本発明の被覆された固定具を示す斜視図である。
図2は、本発明の被覆された固定具の軸方向の断面図である。
図3は、内部に図1に示す固定具が圧入された孔を有するプレートを示す断面図である。
発明の詳細な説明
本発明により解決される課題は、図1から図3に示されている。金属製のワーク15(図3)は、直径17を有する貫通したドリル孔16を有する。頭部11および筒状の軸部12を有する固定具10(図1)は、孔16内に圧入される。しかしながら、軸の径13は孔の径17より大きい。より小さい孔内により大きいピンを挿入するために要求される力は、ピンと側壁との間に発生する摩擦力を克服しなければならない。この力は、軸部と孔の側壁との間の摩擦係数、および拡張された側壁により及ぼされたスプリングバックの力の作用である。明らかに、圧入する力は、摩擦係数の減少の直接的な作用として減少するであろう。
露出した金属製軸部と、アルミニウム製プレートもしくはシート中の孔の露出した側壁との間の摩擦係数は、非常に大きいので、金属と金属との締まり嵌め(interference fit)の使用を予防するようにする。表面処理は、締まりはめ孔内にピンの挿入を可能とするために、引用したハイコート(Hi-Kote)塗膜のような、摩擦係数を低減させることが要求される。
ピンの表面への被覆材の接着性は、必須要件である。本発明の被覆材は、少なくともその基礎部分はとても接着性が高いので、軸部の金属の部分と共に剥離する場合を除いて機械的に取り去ることはできない塗膜を提供する。したがって、非常に小さな力で固定具を圧入することを可能するのに十分な低さの摩擦係数と共に、信頼性のある平滑な表面を提供するものである。
説明を目的として、図2に、本発明による被覆材20によりその金属部分を囲まれた固定具10を示す。被覆材は、塗布された際に、液体の混合物の粘度によりある程度決定される肉厚21の寸法を有する。その好ましい肉厚は、通常、約0.000762cm(0.0003インチ)から0.001016cm(0.0004インチ)の範囲内である。
十分に低い摩擦係数を提供する、塗膜形成組成物は、以下の成分、すなわち熱硬化性樹脂、充填剤、および溶媒の各成分の硬化される混合物を有する。
樹脂は、熱硬化型であり、硬化した際に金属基材と接着し、基材のために強靭な外側被膜を形成する。これはしわおよび剥離による除去に抵抗性があり、一般的に用いられる添加剤を添加することも可能である。また、耐熱性であり、熱サイクルに起因するストレスにも対抗し、安易に接触するような溶媒に対しても対抗できる。
被覆材に対する厳しい要求特性は、熱硬化性樹脂の使用を示唆する。少なくとも潜在的に用いることができ、かつ商業的に入手可能な樹脂の群としては、ポリエステル類、フェノール類、エポキシ類、およびポリウレタン類である。所定の溶媒中に溶解される、A状態に縮合されたフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂が、好ましい樹脂である。
硬化した樹脂の脆性を減少させるために、公知の商業的に利用できる樹脂、最も好ましい例としてはポリブチレン、の添加により可撓性を付与してもよい。例えばDOPといった、液体の可塑剤も用いることができる。
上述したことは、多くの目的に対して有用な、好ましい被覆材を提供するものであるが、本発明の目的を達成するためには、以下のような充填剤が提供される必要がある。
耐食性のために、クロム酸塩類、ホウ酸塩類、モリブデン酸塩類の類から選択されてもよい。クロム酸塩類が通常好ましく、バリウム、ストロンチウム、および亜鉛のクロム酸塩類が用いられる。クロム酸ストロンチウムが、その作用がより長く続く方向への傾向がある、より低い溶解性から、多くの場合好ましく用いられる。
硬化した被覆材の摩擦係数を低下させるために、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの定量、およびポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレンの共重合体、およびそれらの混合物から構成される群から選択されるポリエチレンもしくはポリプロピレンのいずれかをベースとしたオレフィンの定量が、硬化前に処方内に含まれる。
例えば固定具の位置をより視覚的にさせるため、もしくは被覆材の完全性をチェックするために、着色することが必要とされた場合、着色材料が、所定の色に適合するように添加されてもよい。溶媒溶解染料類や顔料類が好ましい。アルミニウムは、金属色を必要とされた場合に用いられてもよい。
樹脂および充填剤は、溶媒キャリア内に含まれるであろう。溶媒は揮発性でなければならず、硬化されていない樹脂を溶解できるものでなければならない。熱硬化性樹脂は、溶媒溶解オリゴマーを形成するために部分的に反応されており、このオリゴマー内には、充填剤が、ペーストを形成するために、ミル(milled)され、攪拌される。そして、このペーストは、溶媒中に溶解される。好ましい溶媒は、キシレン、トルエンといった芳香族系炭化水素、メチル、エチルもしくはプロピルアルコールといったアルコール、メチルイソブチルケトンといったケトン、もしくは他の好適な溶媒、さらにはこれらの組合せである。
樹脂と充填剤が溶媒内に混入された後、もしくは溶解された後、被覆材混合物は、基材の上にスプレーされるか、もしくは基材が混合物内に浸漬される。そして、これらは、溶媒を蒸発させるために適度な温度で乾燥され、粘着性の無い表面を形成する。その後、被覆された物品は、最終的な熱硬化状態に被覆材を硬化させるため、例えば204.44℃(400度(F))で約1時間加熱される。
現在の好ましい未硬化の被覆材処方における成分の好ましい濃度の範囲は、以下の通りである。パーセントは、処方における重量基準によるものである。
フェノール樹脂 10〜20%
ポリブチレン 3〜5%
クロム酸ストロンチウム 1.5〜3.0%
アルミ箔 0〜3.0%
可塑剤 0〜1.0%
フルオロカーボンポリマー 10〜40%
ポリオレフィン 1〜10%
揮発性溶媒 残量(100%とする。)
耐食性が必要無い場合は、クロム酸ストロンチウムは除去してもよく、残りの他の成分は、互いに同じ比率で残ることになる。同様に、適当な着色をするために、アルミニウムは除去しても、もしくは他の顔料と置き換えてもよい。
低い摩擦係数と同様に耐食性があり着色するのに有効な、現在において好ましい組成物を、以下に挙げる。なお、重量%である。
樹脂の有効な供給源は、ジョージア パシフィック BSK 2600である。これは、レゾール溶液として供給され、その中には他の構成成分も添加されている。その他の成分は、多くの供給源から商業的に容易に利用可能である。
上記実施例は、製品中におけるテフロンの種々の比率が、異なる程度の摩擦係数を得るために使用可能であることが示されている。いかなる成分の量も、被覆材の目的に合わせて調整することができる。数値、特に範囲は、「約」である。必要とされる作用に問題が生じない限り、上限もしくは下限のいずれかにおいて、ある程度の比較的小さな範囲を超える拡張は、本発明の範囲内である。
本明細書に記載されている被覆材は、固定具のための被覆材として用いるための特別な例として記載されているが、用途は、固定具に限定されるものではなく、低い摩擦係数が要求される他の表面にも適用することができる。これらは、例えば鉄やアルミニウム等のチタニウム以外の金属に適用される。
本発明は、図面や明細書の記載に示される実施態様に限定されるものではない。これらは例を与えるものであり、限定を与えるものではなく、限定は添付された請求の範囲の範囲のみにしたがうものである。
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84009997A | 1997-04-11 | 1997-04-11 | |
US08/840,099 | 1997-04-11 | ||
PCT/US1998/007122 WO1998046687A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-10 | Strongly adherent film forming compositions with low coefficient of friction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2001526713A JP2001526713A (ja) | 2001-12-18 |
JP4757362B2 true JP4757362B2 (ja) | 2011-08-24 |
Family
ID=25281449
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP54405198A Expired - Fee Related JP4757362B2 (ja) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-10 | 低摩擦係数を有する強力接着性塗膜を形成する組成物 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0973838A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4757362B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU6894998A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2286211C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998046687A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7842403B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2010-11-30 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Antifriction coatings, methods of producing such coatings and articles including such coatings |
FR3026446B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-12-01 | Lisi Aerospace | Fixation en interference lubrifiee |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3979351A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1976-09-07 | Hi-Shear Corporation | Protective coating material |
US4074011A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1978-02-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Topcoated phosphated bolts, nuts and washers |
AU529334B2 (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1983-06-02 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd. | Laminating plastic film to the surface of metal |
JPH0717880B2 (ja) * | 1986-03-05 | 1995-03-01 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | Nbr系加硫接着剤 |
US5624978A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1997-04-29 | Morton International, Inc. | Conductive, internally lubricated barrier coating for metal |
US5082698A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1992-01-21 | Morton Coatings, Inc. | Aqueous epoxy resin compositions and metal substrates coated therewith |
-
1998
- 1998-04-10 CA CA002286211A patent/CA2286211C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-10 AU AU68949/98A patent/AU6894998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-10 EP EP98914644A patent/EP0973838A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-10 WO PCT/US1998/007122 patent/WO1998046687A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-10 JP JP54405198A patent/JP4757362B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2286211A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
WO1998046687A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
EP0973838A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
AU6894998A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
EP0973838A4 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
CA2286211C (en) | 2007-06-19 |
JP2001526713A (ja) | 2001-12-18 |
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