JP4625987B2 - Water storage device and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water storage device having a structure capable of storing water and a construction method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a water storage device that stores water such as rainwater is provided with, for example, a concrete water tank in the basement and stores the water therein. When the water in the water tank becomes dirty, for example, when the storage period becomes long and the amount of suspended matters in the water increases, the dirty water is discharged and replaced. In this case, the bottom of the water tank is inclined to collect and discharge water in the pit.
[0003]
On the other hand, without providing a concrete water tank as described above, a structure capable of storing water is surrounded by a waterproof material, and water is stored in this structure.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, providing the structure as described above on the inclined surface for discharging water is not easy in terms of installation of the structure. That is, the lower surface of the structure is generally a flat surface, and is installed so that the lower surface is horizontal. For this reason, liners of various thicknesses are adjusted in the gaps between the lower surface and the inclined surface of the structure to adjust the height, so that the installation work of the structure becomes complicated and the construction period becomes longer. Further, when the gap is large, the structure is installed in an unstable state, and the liner may come off due to an earthquake or other factors.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide an inclined surface for discharging water below or below the structure.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes a structure having a space for storing water, and a covering member that covers the outside of the structure, and the covering member includes at least one of a water-impervious material and a water-permeable material. It is used, and the lower space of the structure is filled with a fluid material and provided with an inclined surface.
[0007]
By doing in this way, since the structure has a space for storing water, the lower space of the structure is filled with the fluid material. When the fluid material is filled, a part of the lower portion of the structure is buried and an inclined surface is provided. Therefore, the inclined surface is provided without being influenced by the shape of the surface on which the structure is formed, such as unevenness and local inclination. Furthermore, since the structure is covered with the covering member, water flowing from the outside of the structure is stored in the space of the structure. When this water is discharged for some reason, for example, when the water is polluted and discharged after a long period of time, the water flows and discharges along the inclined surface when discharged.
[0008]
Further, the structure has a plurality of unit members three-dimensionally connected, and the unit member has a space in which water flows from the outside to the inside of the unit member to store the water, and is formed by the unit member. The lower part of the space is preferably filled with a fluid material and provided with an inclined surface.
[0009]
By doing so, the structure is obtained by three-dimensionally connecting a plurality of unit members. The structure is covered with a covering member in which at least one of a water-permeable material and a water-permeable material is used. If it carries out like this, the water which flows in from the outer side of a structure can be stored in the space formed by the unit member. Then, since the fluid material is filled in the lower space of the structure and a part of the unit member is buried and an inclined surface is provided, the water stored in the space of the unit member, that is, the space of the structure is discharged. At that time, it flows along the inclined surface and is discharged.
[0010]
On the other hand, when the structure is formed on an inclined surface, a plurality of height adjusting members having different heights may be interposed between the lower surface and the inclined surface of the structure corresponding to the inclined surface. In this way, the height adjustment member is interposed in various gaps between the lower surface and the inclined surface of the structure, and the structure itself is provided in a stable state as if it were formed on a horizontal plane. It is done.
[0011]
The shape of the height adjusting member is determined according to the shape of the lower surface of the structure. When the lower surface of the structure is a flat surface, the upper end of the height adjusting member is preferably a flat surface. When the lower surface of the structure is the tip surface of the columnar part, the height adjusting member may be a cylinder into which the columnar part is inserted. Let the lower end of the cylinder be an ellipsoid cut by a plane parallel to the inclined surface. By filling the inside of the cylinder with a flowable material, height adjusting members having different heights can be provided.
[0012]
The present invention also includes a first step of forming a first structure in which a plurality of unit members having a space capable of storing water are three-dimensionally connected on a plane in one or more stages, After the first step, the flow of the fluid material is filled in the spaces of the plurality of unit members forming the first structure, a part of the unit members are buried, and the inclined surface is provided in the lower part of the first structure. And after the second step, the plurality of unit members of one or more stages or another plurality of unit members having a space capable of storing water are three-dimensionally formed on the first structure. A third step of forming a second structure connected to each other, and at least one of a water-impervious material and a water-permeable material on the outside of the first structure and the second structure after the third step And a fourth step of covering with.
[0013]
In this way, the first structure is formed on a flat surface before being filled with the flowable material. The fluid material is filled from above the first structure, and is filled into the lower space of the first structure including the unit member located at the lowest level. When the flowable material is filled, a part of the unit member of the first structure is buried in the filled flowable material and an inclined surface is provided.
[0014]
On the first structure provided with the inclined surface, the same unit member that forms the first structure or another unit member is stacked and connected three-dimensionally to form the second structure. Is done. Since the inclined surface is filled and provided with the fluid material without the second structure, construction is easy. Further, since the inclined surface is provided by forming the structure on a flat surface, the construction is simplified and the construction period is shortened. In particular, when the structure is formed on a substantially horizontal plane, the construction is further simplified, the construction period is shortened, and the construction is easy to perform.
[0015]
Next, each requirement constituting the present invention will be described in more detail. The water storage device of the present invention stores rainwater, river water, seawater, well water, groundwater, and other water. This includes cases where it is used for emergency purposes such as fire prevention or a drink at the time of a disaster, or when it is used for purposes such as storing a large amount of rainwater in a short time to prevent water damage.
[0016]
As long as the structure has a space for storing water, the whole structure is integrated, a plurality of substructures are connected, or a plurality of unit members (unit members formed of lightweight materials) ) May be connected. In particular, in a structure in which a plurality of unit members are three-dimensionally connected, the unit members are connected in the up-down direction and stacked, and are also connected planarly in the left-right and front-rear directions.
[0017]
When the above-described structure in which the unit members are three-dimensionally connected is assembled, the unit members having a small size and weight are assembled, so that the unit members can be easily connected and assembled in a short time. Moreover, it can respond to structures of various sizes and shapes, and has a large degree of freedom in size and shape.
[0018]
The covering member covers the structure so that water can be stored, and a water-impervious material or a water-permeable material is used. The water-impervious material is not particularly limited as long as it does not transmit water. For example, a rubber sheet such as a heat-bonded rubber sheet (EPDM / heat-bonding type), a synthetic resin sheet such as a PVC PVC sheet, or a synthetic resin. A metal plate such as a plate, a steel plate or a light metal plate, which has excellent corrosion resistance to water, is preferable.
[0019]
The water permeable material is used when water stored in the space of the structure is gradually permeated into the underground over time. The material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that allows the stored water to pass through gradually. For example, a composite laminated sheet of polyester and polypropylene may be used.
[0020]
A protective sheet such as a long-fiber nonwoven fabric made of polyester may be provided on one or both sides of the water-impervious sheet or the water-permeable sheet. By providing the protective sheet, damage to the water-impervious sheet or the water-permeable sheet is prevented.
[0021]
The unit member is not particularly limited as long as water flows from the outside to the inside and has a space for storing the water, and can be connected to each other. For example, the shape may be a frame shape, a box shape, a container shape, or a shape in which a columnar portion protrudes from a base described above. Particularly in the case of a box shape, a container shape or the like, it is preferable to provide a through hole in the side wall of the unit member so that water can move between the unit members. The stored water moves through this through hole.
[0022]
The unit member is preferably made of a lightweight material having strength. Since the unit member has strength and is lightweight, the structure in which the unit member is assembled also has strength and is lightweight. Since the unit member per one is light, it is easy to carry and can be assembled in a short time. As a material of such a unit member, a material having corrosion resistance to water such as a synthetic resin such as polypropylene, a light metal such as an aluminum alloy, a lightweight concrete or the like is used.
[0023]
In addition, a structure having a base having a substantially flat surface on one side as a unit member and a columnar portion projecting on the other side of the base is used, and when the unit members are connected, The bases and the tips of the columnar parts may be connected to each other. If it does in this way, the whole structure will be piled up in a plurality of steps of a unit member, and will spread in a plane, and a three-dimensional solid structure will be formed. A columnar part is located between the bases to form a space for storing water. The lower space of the structure is filled with a fluid material to form an inclined surface.
[0024]
In this case, the outer cross-sectional shape of the columnar part is not particularly limited, but may be a circle, a polygon, or the like. Furthermore, the shape of the columnar part is preferably formed in a cylindrical shape. The columnar part formed in a cylindrical shape is lightweight, rigid, and excellent in load resistance. In particular, the columnar portion may be formed in a cylindrical shape with a gradually decreasing diameter toward the tip. By carrying out like this, when transporting or transporting the unit member, the cylindrical columnar portions of several unit members can be transported and transported in an overlapping manner, and the efficiency of transport and transport can be improved. Furthermore, by making the shape of the columnar part cylindrical, the shape of the height adjusting member can be made cylindrical, which facilitates production.
[0025]
The upper limit of the space ratio S of the unit member is up to 97%. On the contrary, when the space ratio S is small, the above-mentioned strength of the member can be increased, but the volume occupied by the member is increased, and the space formed by the columnar portion is reduced. The size, thickness, etc. of the base and the columnar part are sufficiently large to support the load applied to the structure. In terms of manufacturing, it is preferable to use the same material for the base and the columnar part.
[0026]
When one side of the base is positioned as the lower surface of the structure, one side of the base is on the same plane. When the tip of the columnar portion of the unit member is positioned as the lower surface of the structure, the tip surface is the same plane. A height adjusting member is interposed between the lower surface and the inclined surface of the structure.
[0027]
The flowable material is used to fill the lower space of the structure, and at least at the time of filling, a flowable material is used. The fluid material to be filled may be a single material or a mixture of a plurality of materials. For example, crushed stone, sand, earth, clay, concrete, mortar, other inorganic substances or synthetic resins are used alone or in a mixed state. In this case, at least the surface layer forming the inclined surface is preferably a solidified material that solidifies after filling. For example, crushed stone may be filled as the lower layer, concrete may be filled on the lower layer, and the top may be finished with mortar.
[0028]
The surface shape of the inclined surface on which the structure is provided is not necessarily a monotonous inclined surface. Although there is unevenness locally, it is possible to cope with a surface that can discharge water as a whole.
[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a water storage device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 to 8, the same or equivalent structures and operation parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0030]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a water storage device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the water storage apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment is provided in basements, such as a road sidewalk and a park, for example. When a lot of rain falls at once, the rainwater is stored. The stored rainwater is used, for example, as emergency water, such as fire prevention or drinking water at the time of disaster or toilet water.
[0031]
The water storage device 1 includes a foundation 89 provided on a bottom 87 of a dent that has dug down the ground 86, a structure 2 provided on the foundation 89, and a water shielding sheet (cover) covering the outside of the structure 2. Member) 62.
[0032]
The foundation 89 includes, for example, those having a particle diameter of 40 to 0 mm on the foundation sheet 93 laid on the bottom 87, a crushed stone 91 having a thickness of 200 mm, and the foundation sheet 94 on the crushed stone 91. It has a crushed stone 92 having a thickness of 100 mm, including a laid particle diameter of 7 to 0 mm. As the base sheets 93 and 94, for example, polyester having a thickness of 0.5 mm is used.
[0033]
The structural body 2 is provided on a foundation 89 via a protective sheet 64 made of, for example, a polyester single fiber main body having a thickness of 10 mm, and a plurality of unit members 5 are three-dimensionally connected. In the structure 2, the outer side of the protective sheet 64 is covered with a water shielding sheet (cover member) 62. Further, the soil 95 is backfilled outside the water shielding sheet 62 via a protective sheet 65 such as polyester having a thickness of 4 mm.
[0034]
Furthermore, in the case of the first embodiment, the structural body 2 is configured such that the unit members 5 are connected to each other in eight stages in the vertical direction and stacked. Furthermore, nine rows are provided in the left-right direction (left-right direction on the paper surface). Furthermore, the structure 2 is connected also in the front-back direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1). The unit member 5 has a space 11 in which water flows from the outside to the inside of the unit member 5 and stores the water. Therefore, the structure 2 has the space 11 formed by the unit member 5.
[0035]
Further, in the structure 2, concrete (fluid material) 71 is filled in the lower part of the space 11 formed by the unit member 5 and an inclined surface 75 is provided. The concrete 71 has fluidity when filled, and immediately flows around the unit member 5 to be filled. At this time, the upper surface of the filled concrete 71 is formed to be an inclined surface 75. After filling, it solidifies to form an inclined surface.
[0036]
The water shielding sheet 62 allows water to be stored in the space 11 of the structure, and a water shielding material is used. The water-impervious material is not particularly limited as long as it does not allow water to pass through. For example, a synthetic rubber sheet having a thickness of 1 mm is used. If the stored water is to penetrate into the basement, a sheet of water permeable material is provided in part or in whole. By providing a sheet of water permeable material, the water stored in the space 11 of the structure can gradually permeate into the basement over time. As the water permeable material, for example, a composite laminated sheet of polyester and polypropylene having a thickness of 0.1 mm is used.
[0037]
Further, the water storage device 1 has a management manhole 66. The manhole 66 is a vertical hollow space formed by one or a plurality of vertical projection surfaces of the unit member 5, and an upper portion thereof is a truncated hollow conical protective hat 68 and a cylindrical cradle 69. If necessary, an adjustment ring (not shown) is provided under the cradle 69. A lid 67 is provided at the upper end of the protective hat 68. In addition, a plate-like side member 57 is provided on the side surface of the structure 2 to support the side pressure by the soil 95 that has been backfilled.
[0038]
3A and 3B show the unit member of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 3A is a plan view, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. The unit member 5 includes a base 13 having a flat surface 16 on one side, and a columnar portion 30 protruding on the other side of the base 13. In FIG. 3B, the left side of the center line 43 is a front view, and the right side of the center line 43 is a cross-sectional view. The unit member 5 is formed of a lightweight material having rigidity. In this embodiment, the unit member 5 is formed of polypropylene which is a synthetic resin.
[0039]
The base 13 of the unit member includes a plate member 15 having a substantially flat surface 16 and an edge frame 18 formed on the other side of the plate member 15 along the edge of the plate member 15. On the other side of the plate member 15 (the side where the edge frame 18 is provided), reinforcing ribs (not shown) are provided in a lattice shape.
[0040]
The base 13 has edge connecting portions 22 at four corners 20 in the vicinity of the edge. The edge connecting portion 22 includes a surface 22a that is recessed from the flat surface 16, an inner engagement hole 25 near the center (or near the center) and an outer engagement near the edge (or near the edge) provided on the surface 22a. The hole 26 is formed. The bases 13 of the unit members are connected to each other via an edge connecting member (not shown) that can be engaged with the edge connecting portion 22. When engaging the edge connecting member with the edge connecting portion 22, the inner engaging hole 25 near the center is usually used.
[0041]
The four edge connecting portions 23 formed at the intermediate edge positions of the base 13 are used, for example, when connecting another unit member having a size half the size of the base 13. Similarly to the edge connecting portion 22, the edge connecting portion 23 includes a surface 23 a that is recessed from the flat surface 16, two inner engagement holes 25 that are provided near the center (or near the center) provided on the surface 23 a, and an outer side. Two outer engagement holes 26 closer to the edge (or closer to the edge). Usually, the outer engaging hole 26 on the outer side is used when connecting the other structural member.
[0042]
Furthermore, the base 13 has a through hole 28 that allows one side (the side where the flat surface 16 is located) and the other side (the side with the reinforcing ribs) to pass therethrough. The through-holes 28 are provided at 16 positions that are point-symmetric with respect to the center 42 of the base and at positions avoiding the reinforcing ribs. The position where the through hole 28 is provided, the shape, and the size thereof are not limited to the present embodiment, and are provided at an appropriate position, shape, and size where the strength or rigidity of the unit member 5 is ensured.
[0043]
The columnar part 30 is provided on the other side of the base 13 in a double cylinder shape with four centers 42 protruding point-symmetrically. The columnar portion 30 includes an outer cylinder 38 whose diameter gradually decreases toward the tip 31 and an inner cylinder 39 which is folded inward from the tip 31 and extended to a flat surface 16 position with the diameter gradually decreasing. The end surface of the inner cylinder 39 on the side of the plate member 15 is closed, and a reinforcing rib 41 is formed inside the inner cylinder 39.
[0044]
Thus, since the columnar part 30 has the outer cylinder 38 and the inner cylinder 39, an annular opening is formed between the outer cylinder 38 and the inner cylinder 39 of the flat surface 16. In addition, a circular opening is formed on the surface of the tip 31 of the columnar portion 30.
[0045]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the columnar portion tips 31 of the two unit members of the first embodiment are connected to each other. The structure 2 is assembled three-dimensionally by connecting the elements 4 in which the columnar portion tips 31 of the two unit members are joined and connected in the left-right, front-rear, and up-down directions. As described above, the structure 2 of the first embodiment has a shape in which the elements 4 are connected vertically, horizontally, and back and forth. However, as in the structure 2 of the third embodiment to be described later, the unit is arranged at the lowermost stage or the uppermost stage. In some cases, a single member step is provided.
[0046]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing a state in which the unit members 5a to 5c of the first embodiment are connected to each other. The crushing part P shows the connection state of the bases 13. The columnar portions 30a and 30b have an end connecting portion 32 provided at the tip 31 thereof. The unit member 5a and the unit member 5b are connected to each other by the end portions 31 of the columnar portions being engaged with each other via an end connection member 51 that can be engaged with the engagement hole 34 of the end connection portion.
[0047]
The end connection part 32 is formed by a flat surface of the tip 31 of the columnar part and eight engagement holes (not shown) provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of this surface. In this embodiment, the projections 52 and 53 of the end connecting member 51 are inserted into and engaged with two opposing engagement holes 34 of the eight engagement holes. Since the protrusion 52 and the protrusion 53 are shifted by 90 degrees, the protrusion 52 is indicated by a solid line and the protrusion 53 is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
[0048]
As shown in the crushing portion P, the unit member 5b and the unit member 5c positioned in the vertical direction are formed by inserting the protrusion 47 of the edge connecting member 46 into the inner engagement holes 25b and 25c provided in the bases 13b and 13c. Engage and connect. Further, the unit members positioned in the left-right and front-rear directions are connected to each other at the edges 17 of the base via the edge connecting member 46.
[0049]
The water storage device 1 according to the first embodiment having the above structure operates as follows. That is, in FIG. 1, the structure 2 is three-dimensionally formed by a plurality of unit members 5. Further, the structure 2 is covered with a water shielding sheet 62. If it carries out like this, the water which flows in into the structure 2 will be stored in the space 11 of a unit member, ie, the space 11 of a structure.
[0050]
The structure 2 is placed on a flat horizontal plane 90. Furthermore, the concrete 71 is filled in the lower space 11 of the structure 2 to form an inclined surface 75. If it does in this way, since the structure 2 is mounted on the flat horizontal surface 90, the positional relationship between unit members will be decided correctly, a unit member will be connected reliably, and it will be provided in the stable state. And the inclined surface 75 is formed in the lower part of a structure. When the water stored in the space 11 of the structure is discharged, it flows along the inclined surface 75 and is discharged. As shown in FIG. 2, water flows on the inclined surface 75 as indicated by an arrow 96, accumulates in the pit 88, and is discharged.
[0051]
Further, when the structure 2 in which the plurality of unit members 5 are three-dimensionally connected is assembled, the unit members 5 having a small size and weight are assembled, so that the unit members 5 can be easily connected. Therefore, the structure 2 is assembled in a short time. Furthermore, since the unit member 5 has strength and is lightweight, the structure 2 assembled with the unit member 5 also has strength and is lightweight.
[0052]
FIG. 6: is principal part sectional drawing which shows 2nd Embodiment of the water storage apparatus which concerns on this invention. In the water storage device 1 of the second embodiment, the lower space 11 of the structure is filled with a crushed stone 70 having a particle size of C-40, that is, a crushed stone having a particle size of 0 to 40 mm in an inclined manner. Furthermore, a layer of mortar 72 is provided on the crushed stone 70. By doing so, the construction period for forming the inclined surface 75 is shortened and the amount of mortar 72 used is reduced. In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the structure and operation of the other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0053]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the water storage device according to the present invention. The structure 2 is formed of a layer in which crushed stones 84 having a particle size of C-40 are filled in an inclined manner and a layer of concrete or mortar 85 provided on the layer. The upper surface of the layer of concrete or mortar 85 becomes an inclined surface 77. At this time, a plurality of height adjusting members 79 having different heights corresponding to the inclined surface 77 are interposed between the lower surface 3 and the inclined surface 77 of the structure via the protective sheet 64.
[0054]
FIG. 8 is a front view showing the height adjusting member 79 of the third embodiment. The height adjusting member 79 includes a cylindrical column 80, a disk-shaped or rectangular plate-shaped seat plate 81 fixed to the lower end of the column 80, and a filler 82 filled inside the column 80. The height H of the column 80 and the height h at which the filler 82 is filled are determined according to the shape of the lower surface of the structure 2 to be supported.
[0055]
When the lower surface of the structure 2 is the columnar portion 30 of the unit member as shown in FIG. 8, the column 80 of the height adjusting member is preferably a cylinder into which the tip of the columnar portion 30 is inserted. When the lower surface of the structure 2 is a flat surface of the base 13 of the unit member, the column 80 of the height adjusting member may be a cylinder having a flat end surface. The lower end surface of the column 80 is an ellipsoid cut by a plane parallel to the inclined surface.
[0056]
In the water storage device 1 of the third embodiment, a plurality of height adjusting members 79 having different heights corresponding to the inclined surface 77 are interposed between the lower surface 3 of the structure and the inclined surface 77, whereby the structure 2 The lower surface of is provided at a horizontal position and angle. Further, the height adjusting member 79 does not necessarily have to be a monotonous inclined surface on which the structure 2 is provided, and is suitable for a surface that is locally uneven and capable of discharging water as a whole. it can. In the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the structure and operation of other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an inclined surface for discharging water can be provided below or below the structure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a water storage device according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG.
3A and 3B show a unit member according to the first embodiment, in which FIG. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing elements in which tips of unit members of the first embodiment are connected to each other.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part showing a state in which unit members of the first embodiment are connected to each other.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a second embodiment of the water storage device according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the water storage device according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing a height adjusting member of a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water storage apparatus 2 Structure 3 Lower surface 5 Unit member 11 Space 62 Water shielding sheet (cover member)
70 Crushed stone (flowable material)
71 Concrete (flowable material)
72 mortar (flowable material)
75 Inclined surface (filled with fluid material)
77 Inclined surface (foundation)
79 Height adjustment members H, h Height

Claims (2)

In the water storage apparatus comprising: a base having a flat surface; a structure in which unit members having columnar portions protruding from the base are three-dimensionally connected; and a covering member that covers the outside of the structure. The lowermost unit member constituting the body is disposed with the base on the bottom and the columnar part facing upward, and a water storage device provided with an inclined surface in a space formed by the lowermost unit member . A construction method for a water storage device, wherein the structure constituting the water storage device according to claim 1 is formed according to the following steps.
A first step in which the unit members are connected to the left and right on the plane with the base on the bottom to form the first structure.
A second step in which a fluid material is filled between the columnar portions of the unit members constituting the first structure, and an inclined surface is formed inside the first structure.
A third step in which the unit member is further connected in a three-dimensional manner one or more stages on the first structure to form a structure .

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