JP4533382B2 - マイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物 - Google Patents
マイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、出典明示して本明細書の一部とみなす、"Microsorter Cartridge"なる発明の名称で2003年8月28日に出願した米国仮特許出願番号60/499,294および"Optical Switch to Enable Cell Sorting in a Microfluidic Channel Network"なる発明の名称で2004年5月26日に出願した米国仮特許出願番号60/574,897に基づく優先権を主張する。
本発明は、マイクロ流体チャネルネットワークを通る標的細胞の選択的ルート設定を可能にする光学スイッチを配して非標的細胞からそれをソートし、それを収集するための、該ネットワークにおける光圧力の使用のための方法および装置に関する。
従来の蛍光活性化セルソーター(FACS)が、研究および臨床的な応用において広く使用されている1。これらの機器は非常に迅速なマルチパラメーター分析およびソーティングが可能であるが、一般的に大きな試料容量、操作およびメインテナンスのための訓練されたオペレーターを必要とし、しかも滅菌が困難である。FACS機器は10,000ほどの少ない細胞および何千万ほども多い細胞を分析することができる。しかしながら、100,000未満の細胞の場合には、ソーティングを行う能力が減じられる1。磁気ビーズのような他の分離方法はFACSほど多い細胞を必要としないが、それは非特異的な結合、細胞およびビーズの凝集、およびビーズ自体がその後の処理工程において妨げとなり得るという可能性に苦しめられる。したがって、一次組織からの貴重な小さい試料または細胞をソーティングするために、少ない細胞数の小容量の試料を取り扱うことができ、かつ、ソートした集団の効率的な回収を許容するセルソーターは、ユニークな科学的市場の隙間を扱う。
以下に記載するように、これらの光圧力を用いて、セルソーティングシステムとして作動可能なマイクロ流体チャネルネットワークにおける光学スイッチを実現する。光学スイッチは、光散乱のような他の検出属性も光学スイッチの活性化のために等しく使用し得るが、光学スイッチ位置の上流のマイクロ流体チャネルネットワークで流動している標的細胞からの蛍光シグナルを検出することによってトリガーされる。光学スイッチを用いて、基礎をなす流動を改変することなく、細胞または粒子を複数の出力チャネル流動ストリームの1に方向付け、それによって目的の細胞をさらに使用するために収集する。マイクロ流体チャネル中の流動は、典型的には非常に低いレイノルド数の層であることは重要である。その結果、特定の層中または流動ストリーム中で流動しているいずれの細胞も、層を横切るいずれかの力が存在しなければその流動ストリーム中に留まるであろう。光学スイッチは細胞に対する光圧力を利用してまさにこれを成し遂げ、細胞の輸送は層を横切り、1の出力チャネルを通る分岐接合部を出る流動ストリームから第2の出力チャネルを通る分岐接合部を出る流動ストリームに運動する。
図1は、1x2マイクロ流体チャネルネットワーク、すなわち1の主入力チャネル(11)および分岐接合部から延在する2の出力チャネル(12)および(13)を有するネットワーク、中で細胞をソートするように作用する光学スイッチ(10)の1の態様を示している。分岐接合部の“Y”構造を図1に示すが、“T”構造のような他の分岐も使用し得る。一般的に、これらのマイクロ流体チャネルは光学的に透明な基体で製造されており、光学スイッチおよび他の細胞検出光学構成部品のチャネルへの投射を可能にする。この基体は、典型的には、限定されるものではないがガラス、クウォーツ、プラスチック、例えばポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)ほか、および他のキャスト可能または作用可能なポリマー(例えば、ポリジメチルシロキサン、PDMSまたはSU8)である。マイクロ流体チャネルの深さは、典型的には、限定されるものではないが10μmないし100μmの範囲である。マイクロ流体チャネルの幅は、典型的には、限定されるものではないが深さの1ないし5倍である。断面は、典型的には矩形、またはガラス基体のフォトリソグラフィーマスク形成につづくチャネルの等方エッチングによって製作したマイクロ流体チャネルの場合は四半円形角(quarter-round corner)を有する矩形である。
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Claims (10)
- カートリッジ、チップ、蓋、ディテクターおよび水平力スイッチを含むマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物であって、
該カートリッジは、
光学ウィンドウ、
少なくとも:
試料細胞体積を含むように適合した試料貯留部、
緩衝液流体を含むように適合した流体貯留部、
廃棄物貯留部、および
標的収集貯留部
を含む複数の貯留部を含み、
該チップは、少なくとも:
入口、検出領域および分岐したソーティング領域を有する主チャネル;
試料入口チャネル、ここに試料入口チャネルは試料貯留部および主チャネル入口に流体的に結合しており、
1またはそれを超える流体入口チャネル、ここに該流体入口チャネルは該流体貯留部および該主チャネル入口に流体的に結合しており、
少なくとも廃棄チャネルおよび標的チャネルを含む少なくとも2の出口チャネル、ここに該廃棄チャネルは該主チャネルの分岐したソーティング領域および該廃棄物貯留部に流体的に結合し、該標的チャネルは該主チャネルの分岐したソーティング領域および該標的収集貯留部に結合しており、
ここに、該チップは光学ウィンドウに隣接して配置されており、
を含むマイクロ流体チャネルネットワークを含み、
該蓋は、少なくとも:
圧力式圧力出入口、該出入口は入口を有し、該試料貯留部および該流体貯留部のうちの少なくとも1に結合しており、および
該圧力式圧力出入口の入口と該試料貯留部および該流体貯留部のうちの少なくとも1との間に配置されたフィルタを含み、
該ディテクターは、検出領域中の与えられた状態の細胞を検出するよう、および、それに応答してシグナルを発生するように適合し、および
該水平力スイッチは、該ディテクターに結合し、該シグナルに応答して作動可能であり、検出領域を通る流動ストリームに対してある角度で検出領域の縦方向を下流に移動するように構成されたレーザースポットを含み、
これによって、与えられた状態の細胞が検出された場合に、水平力スイッチが活性化して細胞が流動する際に細胞のそばのレーザースポットをスウィープして、細胞が分岐したソーティング領域から少なくとも2の出口チャネルのうちの1に選択的に出て行くように運動するように細胞に水平力を与える
ことを特徴とする該一体化された構造物。 - 該試料貯留部が、円錐形、先細りであって、またはさらに細胞付着を最小限化する材料からなるインサートを含む、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該蓋が、試料貯留部、標的収集貯留部、廃棄物貯留部および1またはそれを超える流体貯留部よりなる群のための独立した圧力式圧力出入口を含む、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該蓋が、貯留部に対する光学アクセスを提供する、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該蓋が、カートリッジに結合したスナップ−オン付属物を含む、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該フィルタが、以下の特性:気体透過性および流体不透過性、のうちの1またはそれを超えるものを有する、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該流体入口チャネルおよび該流体出口チャネルが異なる幅を有する、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 接着剤が該チップと該カートリッジとの間に配置されている、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- さらに、該蓋とカートリッジとの間にガスケットを含む、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
- 該チップおよびカートリッジが2の別の構造物を含む、請求項1記載のマイクロ流体分析およびソーティング用の一体化された構造物。
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US8426209B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
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US7745221B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 |
US20100304429A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
AU2004269406A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1668355A4 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
CN1860363A (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
CA2536360C (en) | 2013-08-06 |
WO2005022147A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US20050207940A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
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