JP4407908B2

JP4407908B2 - Boost chopper circuit, step-down chopper circuit, and DC-DC converter circuit using the same

Info

Publication number: JP4407908B2
Application number: JP2004070780A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 篤男河村; 幸憲弦田; 哲史岩倉; 友亮高木
Original assignee: Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd; Yokohama TLO Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd; Yokohama TLO Co Ltd
Priority date: 2004-03-12
Filing date: 2004-03-12
Publication date: 2010-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-12
Also published as: JP2005261124A

Description

本発明は、昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路に関し、特に、スイッチング特性を改善して損失を低減した昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a step-up chopper circuit, a step-down chopper circuit, and a DC-DC converter circuit using the same, and more particularly, a step-up chopper circuit, a step-down chopper circuit, and a DC-DC using the same, which have improved switching characteristics and reduced loss. The present invention relates to a converter circuit.

従来、入力直流を昇圧して昇圧直流電圧を得る昇圧回路としては、直流電圧を入力とし、リアクトルに電流を流し、このリアクトルに並列接続されたスイッチング素子を開閉動作させることにより、リアクトルに流れ、蓄えられた電磁エネルギーを負荷側に設けたコンデンサに充電させ、この動作を繰り返すことにより負荷側に昇圧電圧を得るように構成した昇圧チョッパ回路が一般的に用いられている。 Conventionally, as a booster circuit that boosts an input DC to obtain a boosted DC voltage, the DC voltage is input, a current is supplied to the reactor, and a switching element connected in parallel to the reactor is opened and closed to flow to the reactor. A step-up chopper circuit configured to charge the stored electromagnetic energy to a capacitor provided on the load side and obtain a step-up voltage on the load side by repeating this operation is generally used.

図１３には、かかる昇圧チョッパ回路の代表的な例が示されている。図１３において、直流電源１には、リアクトル２、ダイオード３及び負荷６が直列接続されている。スイッチ５が直流電源１とリアクトル２の直列回路に並列接続され、また、負荷６にはコンデンサ４が並列接続されている。 FIG. 13 shows a typical example of such a boost chopper circuit. In FIG. 13, a reactor 2, a diode 3, and a load 6 are connected in series to the DC power source 1. A switch 5 is connected in parallel to a series circuit of the DC power source 1 and the reactor 2, and a capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6.

スイッチ５をターンオン動作させると、リアクトル２には、電流Ｉ_Ｑ１が流れ、Ｌ_１・（Ｉ_Ｑ１）^２／２のエネルギーが蓄積される。スイッチ５がターンオフ動作させると、リアクトル２に蓄えられたエネルギーがコンデンサ４に充電され、エネルギーＬ_１・（Ｖ_Ｃ１）^２／２のエネルギーとして変換、蓄積される。このコンデンサ４に蓄積されているエネルギーにより充電電圧が上昇して昇圧直流電圧が負荷６に供給されることになる。 Turning on operating the switch 5, the reactor 2, current _{I Q1} _flows, energy _{^{L 1 · (I Q1) 2}} /2 is accumulated. When the switch 5 is turned off operation, energy stored in the reactor 2 is charged in the capacitor 4, converted as energy of the energy _{_{L 1 · (V C1) 2}} /2, is accumulated. The energy accumulated in the capacitor 4 increases the charging voltage, and the boosted DC voltage is supplied to the load 6.

かかる構成の昇圧チョッパ回路は、スイッチ５のターンオン／ターンオフ時にリアクトル２には電流が連続して流れ、スイッチ５の動作はハードスイッチング動作となる。 In the boost chopper circuit having such a configuration, when the switch 5 is turned on / off, a current continuously flows through the reactor 2, and the operation of the switch 5 is a hard switching operation.

ハードスイッチング動作は、スイッチのターンオン／ターンオフ時に発生する電圧ストレス、電流ストレス及びスイッチング損失を大きくし、スイッチング周波数の高周波化に伴ってスイッチング損失が増大し、電圧サージ及び電流サージが発生しやすくなり、その結果、回路の小型、軽量化及び低損失化、さらに低ノイズレベル化に限界が生じていた。 Hard switching operation increases the voltage stress, current stress, and switching loss that occur when the switch is turned on / off, and the switching loss increases as the switching frequency increases, making voltage and current surges more likely to occur. As a result, there has been a limit to the reduction in size, weight, loss, and noise level of the circuit.

そこで、本発明の目的は、昇圧チョッパ回路のスイッチのスイッチング損失を低減した昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a step-up chopper circuit, a step-down chopper circuit, and a DC-DC converter circuit using the step-down chopper circuit in which switching loss of a switch of the step-up chopper circuit is reduced.

本発明の他の目的は、スイッチング周波数の高周波化を計り、昇圧チョッパ回路の小型、軽量化、低損失化、低ノイズ化を実現した昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路を提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a step-up chopper circuit, a step-down chopper circuit, and a DC-DC using the step-up chopper circuit that achieves a reduction in the size, weight, loss and noise of the step-up chopper circuit by increasing the switching frequency. It is to provide a converter circuit.

前述の課題を解決するため、本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路は、次のような特徴的な構成を採用している。なお、以下では、必ずしも一対一に対応するものではないが、参考のために以下参照する図面中で使用している番号を付記する。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the step-up chopper circuit, the step-down chopper circuit and the DC-DC converter circuit using the same according to the present invention employ the following characteristic configuration. In the following, although not necessarily corresponding one-to-one, numbers used in the drawings referred to below are added for reference.

（１）入力直流電源１に第１のリアクトル７、第２のリアクトル２、第１のダイオード３及び負荷６が直列接続され、
前記負荷６には平滑コンデンサ４が並列接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２と前記第1のダイオード３の接続点と前記入力直流電源１間には、第１のスイッチ５と第３のリアクトル８の直列回路が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチの両端には、第２のダイオード９と第２のコンデンサ１０の直列回路が接続され、
前記第１のリアクトル７と前記第２のリアクトル２の接続点と、前記第1のスイッチ５と第３のリアクトル８の接続点間には、第３のダイオード１２と第４のダイオード１３の直列回路が接続され、
前記第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５のターンオン時には、前記第３のリアクトル８により前記第１のスイッチ５をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０と第１のリアクトル７、第２のリアクトル２及び第３のリアクトル８の共振動作により前記第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオフ時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０により前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチングさせる昇圧チョッパ回路。 (1) A first reactor 7, a second reactor 2, a first diode 3, and a load 6 are connected in series to the input DC power source 1,
A smoothing capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6,
A series circuit of a first switch 5 and a third reactor 8 is connected between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the first diode 3 and the input DC power supply 1.
A series circuit of a second diode 9 and a second capacitor 10 is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A third diode 12 and a fourth diode 13 are connected in series between the connection point of the first reactor 7 and the second reactor 2 and the connection point of the first switch 5 and the third reactor 8. The circuit is connected,
A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13 and the connection point of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10.
When the first switch 5 is turned on, the first switch 5 is soft-switched by the third reactor 8;
When the second switch 11 is turned on, the second switch 11 is soft-switched by the resonance operation of the second capacitor 10, the first reactor 7, the second reactor 2, and the third reactor 8,
A step-up chopper circuit that soft-switches the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 by the second capacitor 10 when the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off.

（２）前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０に蓄積されたエネルギーを前記第２のスイッチ１１により前記第１のリアクトル７と第２のリアクトル２を通して回生する上記（１）の昇圧チョッパ回路。 (2) When the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned on, the energy stored in the second capacitor 10 is transferred to the first reactor 7 and the second reactor 2 by the second switch 11. The step-up chopper circuit according to the above (1), which is regenerated through.

（３）入力直流電源１に第１のリアクトル７、第２のリアクトル２、第１のダイオード３及び負荷６が直列接続され、
前記負荷６には平滑コンデンサ４が並列接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２と前記第1のダイオード３の接続点と前記入力直流電源１間には、第１のスイッチ５と第３のリアクトル８の直列回路が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５の両端には、第２のダイオード９と第２のコンデンサ１０の直列回路が接続され、
前記第１のリアクトル７と前記第２のリアクトル２の接続点と、前記第1のスイッチ５と第３のリアクトル８の接続点間には、前記第３のダイオード１２と第４のダイオード１３の直列回路が接続され、
前記第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１がオフ状態後、前記第２のスイッチ１１をオン動作させ、
所定の時間遅れをもって、前記第１のスイッチ５をオン動作させ、
その後、前記第１と第２のスイッチを同時にオフ動作させる昇圧チョッパ回路。 (3) The first reactor 7, the second reactor 2, the first diode 3, and the load 6 are connected in series to the input DC power source 1,
A smoothing capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6,
A series circuit of a first switch 5 and a third reactor 8 is connected between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the first diode 3 and the input DC power supply 1.
A series circuit of a second diode 9 and a second capacitor 10 is connected to both ends of the first switch 5,
Between the connection point of the first reactor 7 and the second reactor 2 and the connection point of the first switch 5 and the third reactor 8, the third diode 12 and the fourth diode 13 are connected. A series circuit is connected,
A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13 and the connection point of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10.
After the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off, the second switch 11 is turned on,
The first switch 5 is turned on with a predetermined time delay,
And a step-up chopper circuit for simultaneously turning off the first and second switches.

（４）入力直流電源１に第１のリアクトル７、第２のリアクトル２、第１のダイオード３及び負荷６が直列接続され、
前記負荷６には平滑コンデンサ４が並列接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２と前記第1のダイオード３の接続点と前記入力直流電源１間には、第１のスイッチ５が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５の両端には、第２のダイオード９と第２のコンデンサ１０の直列回路が接続され、
前記第１のリアクトル７と前記第２のリアクトル２の接続点と、前記第1のスイッチ５の接続点間には、第３のダイオード１２と第４のダイオード１３の直列回路が接続され、
前記第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０と第１のリアクトル７、第２のリアクトル２の共振動作により前記第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオフ時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０により前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチングさせる昇圧チョッパ回路。 (4) The first reactor 7, the second reactor 2, the first diode 3, and the load 6 are connected in series to the input DC power source 1,
A smoothing capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6,
A first switch 5 is connected between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the first diode 3 and the input DC power source 1.
A series circuit of a second diode 9 and a second capacitor 10 is connected to both ends of the first switch 5,
Between the connection point of the first reactor 7 and the second reactor 2 and the connection point of the first switch 5, a series circuit of a third diode 12 and a fourth diode 13 is connected,
A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13 and the connection point of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10.
When the second switch 11 is turned on, the second switch 11 is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor 10, the first reactor 7, and the second reactor 2,
A step-up chopper circuit that soft-switches the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 by the second capacitor 10 when the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off.

（５）上記（１）乃至（４）のいずれかの昇圧チョッパ回路を備え、
前記負荷６に印加される出力電圧と基準電圧１４が入力され、両入力電圧の差電圧（誤差電圧）を出力する誤差増幅器１５と、
前記誤差増幅器からの出力に基づいてパルス幅変調されたパルスを出力するパルス幅変調回路１７と、
前記パルス幅変調回路１７からの出力に基づいて前記第１と第２のスイッチの動作を制御する遅延シーケンス回路１８を備えるＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路。 (5) The boost chopper circuit according to any one of (1) to (4) above is provided,
An error amplifier 15 that receives an output voltage applied to the load 6 and a reference voltage 14 and outputs a difference voltage (error voltage) between the two input voltages;
A pulse width modulation circuit 17 that outputs a pulse that has been pulse width modulated based on the output from the error amplifier;
A DC-DC converter circuit comprising a delay sequence circuit 18 that controls the operation of the first and second switches based on an output from the pulse width modulation circuit 17.

（６）入力直流電源１に第１のスイッチ５、第３のリアクトル８、第２のリアクトル２、第１のリアクトル７及び負荷６が直列接続され、
前記負荷６には平滑コンデンサ４が並列接続され、
前記第３のリアクトル８と第２のリアクトル２の接続点と入力直流電源１間に第１のダイオード３が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５の両端には、第２のコンデンサ１０と第２のダイオード９の直列回路が接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２と第１のリアクトル７の接続点と、前記第１のスイッチ５と入力直流電源１の接続点間には、第３のダイオード１２と第４のダイオード１３の直列回路が接続され、
前記第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第1のスイッチ５のターンオン時には、前記第３のリアクトル８により前記第１のスイッチ５をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０と第1のリアクトル７、第３のリアクトル８及び第２のリアクトル２の共振動作により前記第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第1のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオフ時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０により前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチングさせる降圧チョッパ回路。 (6) The first switch 5, the third reactor 8, the second reactor 2, the first reactor 7 and the load 6 are connected in series to the input DC power source 1.
A smoothing capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6,
A first diode 3 is connected between the connection point of the third reactor 8 and the second reactor 2 and the input DC power supply 1;
A series circuit of a second capacitor 10 and a second diode 9 is connected to both ends of the first switch 5,
Between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the first reactor 7 and between the connection point of the first switch 5 and the input DC power source 1, a series circuit of a third diode 12 and a fourth diode 13 is provided. Connected,
A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13 and the connection point of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10.
When the first switch 5 is turned on, the first switch 5 is soft-switched by the third reactor 8;
When the second switch 11 is turned on, the second switch 11 is soft-switched by the resonance operation of the second capacitor 10, the first reactor 7, the third reactor 8, and the second reactor 2,
A step-down chopper circuit that soft-switches the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 by the second capacitor 10 when the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off.

（７）第1のスイッチ５の両端には、第２のダイオード９と第２のコンデンサ１０の直列回路が接続され、第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０に蓄積されたエネルギーを前記第２のスイッチ１１により回生先電源２０へ回生し、
前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオフ時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０により前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチングさせる降圧チョッパ回路。 (7) A series circuit of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10 is connected to both ends of the first switch 5, the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13, and the second switch A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the diode 9 and the second capacitor 10,
When the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned on, the energy stored in the second capacitor 10 is regenerated to the regeneration power source 20 by the second switch 11,
A step-down chopper circuit that soft-switches the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 by the second capacitor 10 when the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off.

（８）前記第２のコンデンサ１０は前記第１のスイッチ５の高電位側に接続されている上記（７）の降圧チョッパ回路。 (8) The step-down chopper circuit according to (7), wherein the second capacitor 10 is connected to the high potential side of the first switch 5.

（９）入力直流電源１に第１のスイッチ５、第２のリアクトル２、第１のリアクトル７及び負荷６が直列接続され、
前記負荷６には平滑コンデンサ４が並列接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２の接続点と入力直流電源１間に第１のダイオード３が接続され、
前記第１のスイッチ５の両端には、第２のコンデンサ１０と第２のダイオード９の直列回路が接続され、
前記第２のリアクトル２と第１のリアクトル７の接続点と、前記第１のスイッチ５と入力直流電源１の接続点間には、第３のダイオード１２と第４のダイオード１３の直列回路が接続され、
前記第３と第４のダイオード１２、１３の接続点と、前記第２のダイオード９と前記第２のコンデンサ１０の接続点間には、第２のスイッチ１１が接続され、
前記第２のスイッチ１１のターンオン時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０と第1のリアクトル７及び第２のリアクトル２の共振動作により前記第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチング動作させ、
前記第1のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１のターンオフ時には、前記第２のコンデンサ１０により前記第１のスイッチ５と第２のスイッチ１１をソフトスイッチングさせる降圧チョッパ回路。 (9) The first switch 5, the second reactor 2, the first reactor 7 and the load 6 are connected in series to the input DC power supply 1,
A smoothing capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 6,
A first diode 3 is connected between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the input DC power source 1;
A series circuit of a second capacitor 10 and a second diode 9 is connected to both ends of the first switch 5,
Between the connection point of the second reactor 2 and the first reactor 7 and between the connection point of the first switch 5 and the input DC power source 1, a series circuit of a third diode 12 and a fourth diode 13 is provided. Connected,
A second switch 11 is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes 12 and 13 and the connection point of the second diode 9 and the second capacitor 10.
When the second switch 11 is turned on, the second switch 11 is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor 10, the first reactor 7, and the second reactor 2,
A step-down chopper circuit that soft-switches the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 by the second capacitor 10 when the first switch 5 and the second switch 11 are turned off.

（１０）上記（６）乃至（９）のいずれかに記載の降圧チョッパ回路を備え、
前記負荷６に印加される出力電圧と基準電圧１４が入力され、両入力電圧の差電圧（誤差電圧）を出力する誤差増幅器１５と、
前記誤差増幅器からの出力に基づいてパルス幅変調されたパルスを出力するパルス幅変調回路１７と、
前記パルス幅変調回路１７からの出力に基づいて前記第１と第２のスイッチの動作を制御する遅延シーケンス回路１８を備えるＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路。 (10) The step-down chopper circuit according to any one of (6) to (9) is provided,
An error amplifier 15 that receives an output voltage applied to the load 6 and a reference voltage 14 and outputs a difference voltage (error voltage) between the two input voltages;
A pulse width modulation circuit 17 that outputs a pulse that has been pulse width modulated based on the output from the error amplifier;
A DC-DC converter circuit comprising a delay sequence circuit 18 that controls the operation of the first and second switches based on an output from the pulse width modulation circuit 17.

本発明の昇圧チョッパ回路によれば、主スイッチ、補助スイッチともソフトスイッチングで動作可能であるため、スイッチング損失が低減され、スイッチング周波数の高周波化を計り、昇圧チョッパ回路の小型、軽量化、低損失化、低ノイズ化を実現できる。主スイッチと補助スイッチは、ともに共通の部品でソフトスイッチングを行う回路構成であるため部品点数を大幅に増やすことなく、主スイッチ、補助スイッチともソフトスイッチング動作させることができ、ソフトスイッチング昇圧チョッパ回路の小型化が計ることができる。 According to the step-up chopper circuit of the present invention, since both the main switch and the auxiliary switch can be operated by soft switching, the switching loss is reduced, the switching frequency is increased, and the step-up chopper circuit is reduced in size, weight and loss. And low noise. The main switch and auxiliary switch are both configured to perform soft switching with common components, so both the main switch and auxiliary switch can be operated in soft switching without significantly increasing the number of components. Miniaturization can be achieved.

以下、本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路の好適実施例について添付図を参照して説明する。 A preferred embodiment of a boost chopper circuit according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は本発明の一実施例による昇圧チョッパ回路図を、図２は図１における昇圧チョッパ回路の動作を説明するための信号波形タイミングチャートをそれぞれ示す。また、図３〜図８は図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード１〜モード６における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。 FIG. 1 is a boost chopper circuit diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a signal waveform timing chart for explaining the operation of the boost chopper circuit in FIG. 3 to 8 are circuit diagrams with current paths added to explain the operation in the mode 1 to mode 6 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG.

主スイッチ５と補助スイッチ１１がオフの状態から補助スイッチ１１がオンすると、リアクル７、２及び８及び（スナバ）コンデンサ１０の共振により共振モードが始まる。コンデンサ１０の電圧は、正弦波状に共振を起こして正から零へと向かう。この瞬間では、補助スイッチ１１は電流零からのオンとなり、ソフトスイッチングでターンオンすることになる。 When the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on from the state in which the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11 are off, the resonance mode starts due to the resonance of the reactors 7, 2 and 8 and the (snubber) capacitor 10. The voltage of the capacitor 10 resonates like a sine wave and goes from positive to zero. At this moment, the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on from zero current and is turned on by soft switching.

共振電流は、リアクトル７とリアクトル２を経由した分流により、入力電源１及び出力コンデンサ４に向かうので、リアクトル７の電流は減少、リアクトル２の電流は増加へ向かい、リアクトル７へは負の電流源、リアクトル２へは正の電流源として回生エネルギーが蓄えられる。（図３のモード１の動作） Since the resonance current is directed to the input power source 1 and the output capacitor 4 by the shunting through the reactor 7 and the reactor 2, the current of the reactor 7 is decreased, the current of the reactor 2 is increased, and a negative current source is supplied to the reactor 7. Reactor energy is stored in reactor 2 as a positive current source. (Operation in mode 1 in FIG. 3)

次に、ごくわずかな時間遅れをもって、主スイッチ５をオンさせると、それまで導通していたダイオード３がオフとなり、リアクトル２に流れていた主電流が主スイッチ５を通流するようになる。この時、主スイッチ５はリアクトル８による零電流からのターンオンとなり、ソフトスイッチングでターンオンすることになる。（図４のモード２の動作） Next, when the main switch 5 is turned on with a slight time delay, the diode 3 that has been conducted until then is turned off, and the main current flowing through the reactor 2 flows through the main switch 5. At this time, the main switch 5 is turned on from zero current by the reactor 8 and is turned on by soft switching. (Operation in mode 2 in FIG. 4)

コンデンサ１０に蓄積された電荷が全て放電しきり、コンデンサ１０の電圧が零電圧となる時点でダイオード９が導通し、主スイッチ５の電流は急減、リアクトル７へモード１及びモード２の期間中に蓄えられた回生エネルギーは、負の電流源として主スイッチ５の電流を相殺しつつ、ほぼ直線状に減少し、入力電源１へと回生される。（図５のモード３の動作） When the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor 10 is completely discharged and the voltage of the capacitor 10 becomes zero voltage, the diode 9 is turned on, the current of the main switch 5 rapidly decreases, and is stored in the reactor 7 during the mode 1 and mode 2 periods. The generated regenerative energy decreases almost linearly while canceling out the current of the main switch 5 as a negative current source, and is regenerated to the input power source 1. (Operation in mode 3 in FIG. 5)

リアクトル７の負の電流源及びリアクトル２の正の電流源による回生電流がほぼ直線状に減少して零となり、ダイオード９及びダイオード１２がオフ、リアクトル２及びリアクトル７の電流は、主スイッチ５を介して、再び直線状に増加へと向かう。（図６のモード４の動作） The regenerative currents due to the negative current source of the reactor 7 and the positive current source of the reactor 2 decrease almost linearly to zero, the diode 9 and the diode 12 are turned off, and the currents of the reactor 2 and the reactor 7 Through the line again. (Operation in mode 4 in FIG. 6)

その後、主スイッチ５と補助スイッチ１１を同時にオフさせる。この時、主スイッチ５及び補助スイッチ１１ともコンデンサ１０による零電圧からのターンオフとなり、ソフトスイッチングでオフすることになる。（図７のモード５の動作） Thereafter, the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11 are turned off simultaneously. At this time, both the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11 are turned off from the zero voltage by the capacitor 10 and are turned off by soft switching. (Operation in mode 5 in FIG. 7)

続いて、図８のモード６を経て、再び補助スイッチ１１がオンし、モード１の動作に戻る。 Subsequently, through the mode 6 in FIG. 8, the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on again, and the operation returns to the mode 1.

以上のようにコンデンサ１０は、主スイッチ５及び補助スイッチ１１の共通スナバ回路として作用し、主スイッチ５、補助スイッチ１１ともソフトスイッチングで動作することになる。 As described above, the capacitor 10 acts as a common snubber circuit for the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11, and both the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11 operate by soft switching.

以下、各モードにおける動作をより具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the operation in each mode will be described more specifically.

〔モード１〕
−t_１の時点で補助スイッチ１１がオン状態となり、共振モードの動作が始まる。コンデンサ１０の電圧Ｖ_c１は正弦波状に共振を起こし正から零へと向かう。この時点では、補助スイッチ１１が電流零からのオンとなり、ソフトスイッチングでターンオンする。 [Mode 1]
At the time of −t ₁ , the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on, and the operation in the resonance mode starts. The voltage V _{c1 of the} capacitor 10 resonates like a sine wave and goes from positive to zero. At this time, the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on from zero current and is turned on by soft switching.

モード１における共振電流ｉ_c１は、下式に従って共振する。

ここで、

Ｖ１：コンデンサ１０の初期電圧、L_１：リアクトル２のインダクタンス、L_２：リアクトル７のインダクタンス、L_３：リアクトル８のインダクタンス、Ｅ₁:入力直流電源電圧、Ｖ₀：出力電圧 The resonance current i _c1 in mode 1 resonates according to the following equation.

here,

V1: Initial voltage of the capacitor 10, L ₁ : Inductance of the reactor 2, L ₂ : Inductance of the reactor 7, L ₃ : Inductance of the reactor 8, E ₁ : Input DC power supply voltage, V ₀ : Output voltage

（1）式からわかるように、共振電流ｉ_C１は、リアクトル２とリアクトル７を経由した分流により、入力電源１及び出力側コンデンサ４へと向かうので、リアクトル７の電流は減少し、リアクトル２の電流は増加へ向かい、リアクトル７へは、負の電流源−△Ｉ_r、リアクトル２へは正の電流減＋△Ｉ_rとして回生エネルギーが蓄積される。 As can be seen from the equation (1), the resonance current i _C1 is directed to the input power source 1 and the output-side capacitor 4 due to the shunting through the reactor 2 and the reactor 7, so that the current of the reactor 7 decreases, The current increases, and the regenerative energy is accumulated in the reactor 7 as a negative current source −ΔI _r , and in the reactor 2 as a positive current decrease + ΔI _r .

〔モード２〕
ごくわずかな時間遅れの時点t_０において、主スイッチ５がオン、t_０以前まで、導通していたダイオード３がオフ、リアクトル２の電流Ｉ_L１が主スイッチ５を通流する。この時、主スイッチ５はリアクトル８による電流零からのターンオンとなり、ソフトスイッチングでオンする。 [Mode 2]
At a time t _{0 with} a slight time delay, the main switch 5 is turned on, the diode 3 that has been conducting until before t ₀ is turned off, and the current I _{L1 of the} reactor 2 flows through the main switch 5. At this time, the main switch 5 is turned on from the current zero by the reactor 8 and is turned on by soft switching.

〔モード３〕
時点t_１において、コンデンサ１０に蓄積された電荷がすべて放電しきり、電圧Ｖ_C１が零電圧となる時点でダイオード９が導通して主スイッチ５の電流は急減、する。リアクトル７にモード１及びモード２の期間中に蓄えられた回生エネルギーは、負の電流源として主スイッチ５の電流を相殺しつつ、ほぼ直線状に減少し、入力電源１へと回生される。 [Mode 3]
At time t _1, the charge accumulated in the capacitor 10 is a partition all discharge current of the diode 9 becomes conductive main switch 5 when the voltage V _C1 becomes zero voltage rapidly decreases to. The regenerative energy stored in the reactor 7 during the mode 1 and mode 2 is reduced almost linearly while canceling out the current of the main switch 5 as a negative current source, and is regenerated to the input power source 1.

〔モード４〕
時点t_２において、リアクトル７の負の電流源−△Ｉ_r及びリアクトル２の正の電流源＋△Ｉ_rによる回生電流がほぼ直線状に減少し零となり、ダイオード９及び１２がオフ、リアクトル２及び７の電流は、主スイッチ５を介して、再び、直線状に増加する。 [Mode 4]
At time t _2, the negative current source of the reactor 7 - △ I _r and the reactor 2 of the positive current source + △ reduced becomes zero in regenerative currents substantially straight by I _r, the diode 9 and 12 are turned off, the reactor 2 And 7 again increase linearly via the main switch 5.

〔モード５〕
時点t_３で、主スイッチ５、補助スイッチ１１が同時にオフされる。この時、主・補助スイッチともコンデンサ１０による零電圧からのターンオフとなり、ソフトスイッチングでオフする。 [Mode 5]
At t _3, the main switch 5, the auxiliary switch 11 is turned off at the same time. At this time, both the main and auxiliary switches are turned off from zero voltage by the capacitor 10 and turned off by soft switching.

時点t_５で補助スイッチ１１が再びオンし、次のサイクルが開始される。 Auxiliary switch 11 is turned on again at time point t _5, the next cycle begins.

以上のように、コンデンサ１０は、主・補助スイッチの共通スナバとして作用し、主・補助スイッチ５、１１ともにソフトスイッチングで動作する。 As described above, the capacitor 10 acts as a common snubber for the main and auxiliary switches, and the main and auxiliary switches 5 and 11 operate by soft switching.

上述した昇圧チョッパ回路は、準共振形回生アクティブスナバ（Quasi-resonant Regenerating Active Snubber：ＱＲＡＳ）方式チョッパ回路と言えるものであり、基本スイッチ回路は、２個のスイッチ５と１１、２個のスナバダイオード９、１３、１個の共通スナバコンデンサ１０から成り、補助スイッチ１１を主スイッチ５よりわずかに前でターンオンし、同時にターンオフする。この時、ターンオン時はリアクトル８によりターンオン電流を制限することができ、また、ターンオフ時は共通スナバコンデンサ１０により、スイッチにかかる電圧上昇率ｄｖ／ｄｔを小さくすることができるので、主・補助スイッチ５、１１ともにソフトスイッチングで動作する。このように、特別に回生用リアクトルを設けることなく、２分割した等価的に１個の主リアクトル２、７に直接、共通スナバコンデンサ１０のエネルギーを移行させ回生することができるので、原理的に低損失な回路方式である。 The step-up chopper circuit described above can be said to be a quasi-resonant regenerating active snubber (QRAS) type chopper circuit, and the basic switch circuit is composed of two switches 5 and 11, two snubber diodes. 9, 13 and one common snubber capacitor 10, and the auxiliary switch 11 is turned on slightly before the main switch 5 and turned off at the same time. At this time, the turn-on current can be limited by the reactor 8 at the time of turn-on, and the voltage increase rate dv / dt applied to the switch can be reduced by the common snubber capacitor 10 at the time of turn-off. Both 5 and 11 operate by soft switching. In this manner, since the energy of the common snubber capacitor 10 can be transferred and regenerated directly to one main reactor 2 or 7 equivalently, without providing a special regenerative reactor, in principle, This is a low-loss circuit system.

上述実施例では、回路の簡素化のため、回生用リアクトルを別に設けることなく、主回路のリアクトルを利用して回生している。 In the above embodiment, for simplification of the circuit, regeneration is performed using the reactor of the main circuit without providing a separate reactor for regeneration.

図９は、本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路の適用例を示す回路図であり、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ回路を示す。 FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an application example of the step-up chopper circuit according to the present invention, and shows a DC-DC converter circuit.

図９において、図１と同一番号が付されている回路構成要素は、同様な回路構成要素を示す。主・補助スイッチ５、１１は、それぞれトランジスタスイッチである。負荷６に印加される出力電圧は、基準電圧１４とともに誤差増幅器１５に入力される。誤差増幅器１５は、両入力電圧の差電圧（誤差電圧）を得て、パルス幅変調回路１７に供給する。パルス幅変調回路１７は、発振回路１６からの発振パルスを受け、誤差増幅器１５からの誤差電圧に基づいてパルス幅変調し、遅延シーケンス回路１８で所定時間遅延されて、主・補助スイッチ５、１１に出力される。このように、出力電圧と基準電圧との差電圧をフィードバックして主・補助スイッチ５、１１に供給することにより、出力電圧が一定した低ノイズで高性能な昇圧チョッパＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路を構成している。 In FIG. 9, circuit components having the same numbers as those in FIG. 1 are similar circuit components. The main / auxiliary switches 5 and 11 are transistor switches. The output voltage applied to the load 6 is input to the error amplifier 15 together with the reference voltage 14. The error amplifier 15 obtains a difference voltage (error voltage) between both input voltages and supplies it to the pulse width modulation circuit 17. The pulse width modulation circuit 17 receives the oscillation pulse from the oscillation circuit 16, modulates the pulse width based on the error voltage from the error amplifier 15, and is delayed by a predetermined time by the delay sequence circuit 18, so that the main / auxiliary switches 5, 11 Is output. As described above, the differential voltage between the output voltage and the reference voltage is fed back and supplied to the main / auxiliary switches 5 and 11, thereby forming a low-noise and high-performance step-up chopper DC-DC converter circuit with a constant output voltage. is doing.

以上の説明は、本発明の昇圧チョッパ回路への適用例についてのものであるが、本発明は、降圧チョッパ回路にも適用できる。 The above description is about an application example of the present invention to a step-up chopper circuit, but the present invention can also be applied to a step-down chopper circuit.

図１０は、本発明の降圧チョッパ回路への適用例を示す回路図である。図１０において、図1と同一番号が付されている回路構成要素は、同様な回路構成を示す。図１の昇圧チョッパ回路と同様、主スイッチ５と補助スイッチ１１ともソフトスイッチング動作し、コンデンサ１０に蓄積されたエネルギーをリアクトル７とリアクトル２を通して、回生することができる。 FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an application example of the present invention to a step-down chopper circuit. In FIG. 10, circuit components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 show similar circuit configurations. Similar to the step-up chopper circuit of FIG. 1, both the main switch 5 and the auxiliary switch 11 perform a soft switching operation, and the energy stored in the capacitor 10 can be regenerated through the reactor 7 and the reactor 2.

また、本発明は図1の回生方法に限定するものではない。例えば、図１１に示すように、回生先回路２０は、図1の主リアクトルではなく、別に設けた回生リアクト７を通して、主電源やゲート電源等他の電源に回生してもよい。また、基本スイッチ回路構成も、図１の構成に限定するものではない。図１２に示すように、スイッチ５の高電位側にコンデンサ１０を配置する構成としてもよい。更に、出力ダイオード３に極端に逆回復電荷の小さいダイオードを用いて、図1のリアクトル８を削除し、主スイッチのターンオンをハードスイッチングとし、ターンオフのソフトスイッチングと兼用して、コストダウンを図る構成としてもよい。 Further, the present invention is not limited to the regeneration method of FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the regeneration destination circuit 20 may regenerate to other power sources such as a main power source and a gate power source through the regenerative reactor 7 provided separately instead of the main reactor of FIG. 1. Further, the basic switch circuit configuration is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the capacitor 10 may be arranged on the high potential side of the switch 5. In addition, a diode with extremely small reverse recovery charge is used as the output diode 3, the reactor 8 in FIG. 1 is deleted, the main switch turn-on is made hard switching, and the turn-off soft switching is also used for cost reduction. It is good.

以上、本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路、降圧チョッパ回路及びそれを用いたＤＣ-ＤＣコンバータ回路の好適実施例の構成および動作を詳述した。しかし、斯かる実施例は、本発明の単なる例示に過ぎず、何ら本発明を限定するものではないことに留意されたい。本発明の要旨を逸脱することなく、特定用途に応じて種々の変形変更が可能であること、当業者には容易に理解できよう。 The configuration and operation of the preferred embodiment of the step-up chopper circuit, step-down chopper circuit and DC-DC converter circuit using the same according to the present invention have been described in detail. However, it should be noted that such examples are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention in any way. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that various modifications and changes can be made according to a specific application without departing from the gist of the present invention.

本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路の一実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a boost chopper circuit according to the present invention. 図１における昇圧チョッパ回路の動作を説明するための信号波形タイミングチャートを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the signal waveform timing chart for demonstrating operation | movement of the step-up chopper circuit in FIG. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード１における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain the operation in mode 1 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード２における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain the operation in mode 2 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード３における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain the operation in mode 3 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード４における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain an operation in mode 4 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード５における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain the operation in mode 5 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 図１に示す昇圧チョッパ回路のモード６における動作を説明するための電流経路を付記した回路図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram with a current path added to explain the operation in mode 6 of the boost chopper circuit shown in FIG. 1. 本発明による昇圧チョッパ回路の適用例を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the example of application of the step-up chopper circuit by this invention. 本発明による降圧チョッパ回路の適用例を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the example of application of the pressure | voltage fall chopper circuit by this invention. 本発明の実施例の回路構成を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the circuit structure of the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例の回路構成を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the circuit structure of the Example of this invention. 従来の昇圧チョッパ回路の一実施例を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows one Example of the conventional step-up chopper circuit.

Explanation of symbols

１直流電源
２、７、８リアクトル
３、９、１２、１３ダイオード
４、１０コンデンサ
５、１１スイッチ
６負荷（抵抗）
１４基準電圧
１５誤差増幅器
１６発振回路
１７パルス幅変調回路
１８遅延シーケンス回路
1 DC power supply 2, 7, 8 Reactor 3, 9, 12, 13 Diode 4, 10 Capacitor 5, 11 Switch 6 Load (resistance)
14 Reference voltage 15 Error amplifier 16 Oscillation circuit 17 Pulse width modulation circuit 18 Delay sequence circuit

Claims

A first reactor, a second reactor, a first diode, and a load are connected in series to the input DC power supply 1,
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the load,
A series circuit of a first switch and a third reactor is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the first diode and the input DC power supply,
A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A series circuit of a third diode and a fourth diode is connected between the connection point of the first reactor and the second reactor, and the connection point of the first switch and the third reactor,
A second switch is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes and the connection point of the second diode and the second capacitor,
When the first switch is turned on, the first switch is soft-switched by the third reactor,
When the second switch is turned on, the second switch is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor and the first reactor, the second reactor, and the third reactor,
A step-up chopper circuit characterized in that the first switch and the second switch are soft-switched by the second capacitor when the first switch and the second switch are turned off.

The energy stored in the second capacitor is regenerated through the first reactor and the second reactor by the second switch when the first switch and the second switch are turned on. Item 2. A step-up chopper circuit according to Item 1.

A first reactor, a second reactor, a first diode, and a load are connected in series to the input DC power supply 1,
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the load,
A series circuit of a first switch and a third reactor is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the first diode and the input DC power supply,
A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A series circuit of the third diode and the fourth diode is connected between the connection point of the first reactor and the second reactor, and the connection point of the first switch and the third reactor,
A second switch is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes and the connection point of the second diode and the second capacitor,
After the first switch and the second switch are in the off state, the second switch is turned on,
The first switch is turned on with a predetermined time delay,
Thereafter, the step-up chopper circuit is configured to simultaneously turn off the first and second switches.

A first reactor, a second reactor, a first diode, and a load are connected in series to the input DC power supply 1,
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the load,
A first switch is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the first diode and the input DC power source,
A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A series circuit of a third diode and a fourth diode is connected between a connection point of the first reactor and the second reactor and a connection point of the first switch,
A second switch is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes and the connection point of the second diode and the second capacitor,
When the second switch is turned on, the second switch is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor, the first reactor, and the second reactor,
A step-up chopper circuit characterized in that the first switch and the second switch are soft-switched by the second capacitor when the first switch and the second switch are turned off.

A boost chopper circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
An error amplifier that receives an output voltage applied to the load and a reference voltage and outputs a difference voltage (error voltage) between the two input voltages;
A pulse width modulation circuit that outputs a pulse that has been pulse width modulated based on the output from the error amplifier; and
A DC-DC converter circuit comprising a delay sequence circuit that controls operations of the first and second switches based on an output from the pulse width modulation circuit.

A first switch, a third reactor, a second reactor, a first reactor and a load are connected in series to the input DC power source,
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the load,
A first diode is connected between a connection point of the third reactor and the second reactor and an input DC power supply;
A series circuit of a second capacitor and a second diode is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A series circuit of a third diode and a fourth diode is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the first reactor, and the connection point of the first switch and the input DC power source,
A second switch is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes and the connection point of the second diode and the second capacitor,
When the first switch is turned on, the first switch is soft-switched by the third reactor,
When the second switch is turned on, the second switch is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor and the first reactor, the third reactor, and the second reactor,
A step-down chopper circuit characterized in that when the first switch and the second switch are turned off, the first switch and the second switch are soft-switched by the second capacitor.

A series circuit of a second diode and a second capacitor is connected to both ends of the first switch, a connection point between the third and fourth diodes, and a connection between the second diode and the second capacitor. A second switch is connected between the points,
When the first switch and the second switch are turned on, the energy stored in the second capacitor is regenerated to the regenerative power source by the second switch,
A step-down chopper circuit wherein the first capacitor and the second switch are soft-switched by the second capacitor when the first switch and the second switch are turned off.

The step-down chopper circuit according to claim 7, wherein the second capacitor is connected to a high potential side of the first switch.

A first switch, a second reactor, a first reactor, and a load are connected in series to the input DC power source 1,
A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the load,
A first diode is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the input DC power supply;
A series circuit of a second capacitor and a second diode is connected to both ends of the first switch,
A series circuit of a third diode and a fourth diode is connected between the connection point of the second reactor and the first reactor, and the connection point of the first switch and the input DC power source,
A second switch is connected between the connection point of the third and fourth diodes and the connection point of the second diode and the second capacitor,
When the second switch is turned on, the second switch is soft-switched by a resonance operation of the second capacitor, the first reactor, and the second reactor,
A step-down chopper circuit characterized in that when the first switch and the second switch are turned off, the first switch and the second switch are soft-switched by the second capacitor.

A step-down chopper circuit according to any one of claims 6 to 9,
An error amplifier that receives an output voltage applied to the load and a reference voltage and outputs a difference voltage (error voltage) between the two input voltages;
A pulse width modulation circuit that outputs a pulse that has been pulse width modulated based on the output from the error amplifier; and
A DC-DC converter circuit comprising a delay sequence circuit that controls operations of the first and second switches based on an output from the pulse width modulation circuit.