JP4301622B2 - High efficiency power generation method and high efficiency power generation system - Google Patents

High efficiency power generation method and high efficiency power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4301622B2
JP4301622B2 JP08138499A JP8138499A JP4301622B2 JP 4301622 B2 JP4301622 B2 JP 4301622B2 JP 08138499 A JP08138499 A JP 08138499A JP 8138499 A JP8138499 A JP 8138499A JP 4301622 B2 JP4301622 B2 JP 4301622B2
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Prior art keywords
power generation
oil
efficiency power
heavy oil
high efficiency
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JP2000274212A (en
Inventor
正樹 飯島
一登 小林
正文 森脇
正俊 柴田
慎徳 百武
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Priority to JP08138499A priority Critical patent/JP4301622B2/en
Priority to DE60025063T priority patent/DE60025063T2/en
Priority to EP00302247A priority patent/EP1039097B1/en
Priority to US09/532,152 priority patent/US6223522B1/en
Publication of JP2000274212A publication Critical patent/JP2000274212A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/103—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/24—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being liquid at standard temperature and pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、重質油分及び軽質油分を燃料とする高効率発電方法及び高効率発電システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、タールピッチ、オリノコタールあるいは残渣油といった重質油分については、ガスタービン燃料としては適さず、ボイラ‐蒸気タービン方式の発電に限って用いられていた。したがって、ガスタービンとボイラ‐蒸気タービンとを組み合わせた排気再燃発電プラントのような熱効率の高い発電方式に用いることは困難であった。
省資源化の観点からこのような燃料についても、排気再燃発電プラントのような高効率の発電方式に用いることができるようにすることが切望されていた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記事情に対してなされたものであり、タールピッチ、オリノコタールあるいは残渣油といった動粘度の高い重質油分を発電プラントまで容易に移送し、排気再燃発電プラントのような高効率の発電装置に用いることができるようにした高効率発電方法及び高効率発電システムを提供することを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る高効率発電方法は、重質油分を移送可能な動粘度に下げるために、８００センチストークス以下になるように重質油分と軽質油分とを混合し、該混合油を発電装置まで移送した後に軽質油分と重質油分とに分離し、軽質油分を前記発電装置のガスタービンで燃焼させ、重質油分を前記発電装置のボイラで燃焼させることにより発電することを特徴とする。この高効率発電方法は、ガスタービンからの燃焼排ガスをボイラ用の燃焼用空気として用いて排気再燃方式とすることができる。
【０００５】
また、本発明に係る高効率発電システムは、重質油分と軽質油分とを混合するための混合装置と、該混合装置で混合された混合油を発電装置まで移送するための移送手段と、移送された該混合油を軽質油分と重質油分とに分離するための分離装置と、分離された軽質油分を燃焼し発電するためのガスタービンと、分離された重質油分を燃焼し発電に利用する蒸気を発生させるためのボイラを具備することを特徴とする。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に添付図面に示した実施の形態を参照しながら、本発明に係る高効率発電方法を説明する。
図１は、本発明に係る高効率発電方法を実施するための装置システムの概要を示す概念図である。
【０００７】
本実施の形態に係る装置システムは、混合装置１、移送手段２、及び分離装置３を含む発電装置４を主要な構成要素としている。
混合装置１は、軽質油分と重質油分とを動粘度が８００センチストークス以下、好ましくは４００センチストークス以下となるように混合するための装置である。本願発明において軽質油分とは、灯油、軽油あるいはこれらと同等の特性を持つ油分をいい、これらの混合物であっても良い。なお、不可避的不純物を含むものとする。このように混合装置１で、軽質油分を重質油分に混合することにより、重質油分の動粘度を下げることができ、移送を容易にすることができる。移送時の環境条件によっては、該動粘度を得るために適宜加熱等の手段を併用してもさしつかえない。
【０００８】
本願発明において、重質油分とは、タールピッチ、オリノコタール、残渣油等の動粘度が非常に高く、そのままでは移送に適さない可燃油分をいい、これらの混合物であっても良い。
タールピッチは、原油を熱分解、接触分解等の分解反応を行った際に副生するものである。
【０００９】
オリノコタールは、特に注目されており、ここで説明を加える。
ベネズエラ国オリノコ州北部流域に位置するオリノコベルトと称される堆積盆地には、豊富な超重質油（オリノコタール）が埋蔵されており、１９８４年までの探査では、その可採埋蔵量は仮に回収率を平均的な２２％と想定しても２６７０億バーレルという膨大な量に達するものと見積もられている。ちなみに、世界の原油可採埋蔵量は６４８５億バーレルである。
【００１０】
このオリノコタールは常温では固化する特性を有し、そのまま火力用燃料として利用するには高温にて貯蔵し、２００℃程度までヒータ加熱してバーナより噴霧する必要があることから、積極的な利用がなされていない。しかし、オリマルジョンは非石油系エネルギー源多様化の一つとして大きな魅力を有しており、重原油より安価で、石炭より灰量は少ない。また、総合経済性においても石炭を凌ぐメリットが期待されることから、新種燃料として注目されている。
【００１１】
混合装置１としては、具体的には、容器の中に攪拌機を設けたものやパイプ中でスタテイックミキサーにて攪拌するといったものを採用することができる。
オリノコタールと灯油、軽油を混合するためには、オリノコタールを加熱し粘度を下げ、灯油や軽油を混合した上で常温まで冷却するといった操作条件で混合を行うことが好適である。
【００１２】
移送手段２は、混合油を発電装置まで移送するための手段であり、移送用のタンクローリー等の移送用車両、パイプライン等を含む。
分離装置３は、分離操作によって混合物を軽質油分と、重質油分とに分離するための装置である。分離操作としては、一般的には蒸留操作であり、分離装置３としては、加熱器または加熱炉と蒸留塔とを用いるものが最も一般的である。
【００１３】
発電装置４は、上記分離装置３を含み、ガスタービン５と、ボイラ６と、蒸気タービン７とを組み合わせた排気再燃発電プラントが好適である。ガスタービン５には、分離装置３で分離された軽質油分を送給し、ボイラ６には重質油分を送給する。これら油分を燃焼させることによって発電を行う。
【００１４】
ここで、燃料に含まれるナトリウム、バナジウム、カリウムといった成分は、ガスタービンには有害である。特にナトリウムとバナジウムとは相互に影響してガスタービンのブレード金属の溶融点を低下させたり、灰分のブレードへの粘着の原因となる。したがって、本来軽油、灯油からは除外されるべきである。しかし、重質油分と混合して蒸留を行うので、このようなガスタービンに有害な成分はほとんどが重質油分の側に移行するので支障はない。
【００１５】
発電を行うために、ガスタービン５には、軽質油分を燃料として送給し、ボイラ６には重質油分を燃料として送給する。これら油分を燃焼させることによって発電を行う。
ガスタービン５には、圧縮側から空気を取り入れ、軽質油分を燃焼室で燃焼して膨張側に送り込み、ボイラ６にガスタービン排ガスを送り込む。このガスタービン５の回転により発電機が回転して発電が行われる。ボイラ６はガスタービンの排ガスを空気の代わりに用いて重質油分の燃焼を行う。いわゆる排気再燃方式となっている。
【００１６】
ボイラ６の蒸気システムは、高圧再熱式のものを採用することができる。このボイラ６において、給水が流れ、排熱回収が行われる。
ボイラ６からの蒸気は、蒸気タービン７に供給され、蒸気タービン７が回転する。この蒸気タービン７の回転により発電機が回転して発電が行われる。
ボイラ６からの排ガスは最終的に煙突８から排出される。
【００１７】
本発明では以上のようにしてタールピッチ、オリノコタールあるいは残渣油といった重質油分を排気再燃発電プラントのような高効率の発電方法で活用することができる。また、重質油分を移送可能とした灯油、軽油は、分離後そのままガスタービン用の燃料として用いることができ、しかも重質油分に有害物質が移行するので、ガスタービンを傷めることがない。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
上記したところから明かなように、本発明によれば、タールピッチ、オリノコタールあるいは残渣油といった重質油分を排気再燃発電プラントのような高効率の発電装置に用いることができるようにした高効率発電方法及び高効率発電システムが提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る高効率発電方法を実施する装置の一実施の形態を示す概念図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 混合装置
２ 移送手段
３ 分離装置
４ 発電装置
５ ガスタービン
６ ボイラ
７ 蒸気タービン
８ 煙突[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-efficiency power generation method and a high-efficiency power generation system using heavy oil and light oil as fuel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, heavy oil such as tar pitch, orinocotar or residual oil is not suitable as a gas turbine fuel, and has been used only for boiler-steam turbine power generation. Therefore, it has been difficult to use in a power generation system with high thermal efficiency such as an exhaust gas reburning power plant combining a gas turbine and a boiler-steam turbine.
From the viewpoint of saving resources, it has been anxious to be able to use such a fuel in a highly efficient power generation system such as an exhaust reburning power plant.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and easily transfers heavy oil components having high kinematic viscosity such as tar pitch, orinocotal or residual oil to a power plant, and is highly efficient like an exhaust reburning power plant. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency power generation method and a high-efficiency power generation system that can be used in a power generation apparatus.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the high-efficiency power generation method according to the present invention mixes a heavy oil and a light oil so as to be 800 centistokes or less in order to reduce the heavy oil to a kinematic viscosity that can be transferred. The mixed oil is transferred to the power generator and then separated into light oil and heavy oil. The light oil is burned by the gas turbine of the power generator and the heavy oil is burned by the boiler of the power generator. It is characterized by doing. This high-efficiency power generation method can be an exhaust gas reburning method using combustion exhaust gas from a gas turbine as combustion air for a boiler.
[0005]
The high-efficiency power generation system according to the present invention includes a mixing device for mixing heavy oil and light oil, a transfer means for transferring the mixed oil mixed in the mixing device to the power generation device, Separating device for separating the mixed oil into light oil and heavy oil, gas turbine for burning the separated light oil to generate electricity, and burning the separated heavy oil for use in power generation It comprises a boiler for generating steam to be generated.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a highly efficient power generation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of an apparatus system for implementing a high-efficiency power generation method according to the present invention.
[0007]
The apparatus system according to the present embodiment includes a power generation apparatus 4 including a mixing apparatus 1, a transfer unit 2, and a separation apparatus 3 as main components.
The mixing device 1 is a device for mixing light oil and heavy oil so that the kinematic viscosity is 800 centistokes or less, preferably 400 centistokes or less. In the present invention, the light oil component refers to kerosene, light oil, or an oil component having properties equivalent to these, and may be a mixture thereof. In addition, inevitable impurities are included. In this way, by mixing the light oil component with the heavy oil component by the mixing device 1, the kinematic viscosity of the heavy oil component can be lowered and the transfer can be facilitated. Depending on the environmental conditions at the time of transfer, means such as heating may be used in combination as appropriate in order to obtain the kinematic viscosity.
[0008]
In the present invention, the heavy oil component refers to a combustible oil component that has a very high kinematic viscosity such as tar pitch, orinocotal, and residual oil and is not suitable for transfer as it is, and may be a mixture thereof.
Tar pitch is produced as a by-product when cracking reaction such as thermal cracking or catalytic cracking of crude oil.
[0009]
Orinocotal has received particular attention and will be described here.
Abundant ultra-heavy oil (Olinokotar) is buried in the sedimentary basin called Orinocobelt located in the northern basin of Orinoco, Venezuela. Assuming an average rate of 22%, it is estimated that it will reach a huge amount of 267 billion barrels. Incidentally, the world's crude oil reserves are 648.5 billion barrels.
[0010]
This orinocotal has the property of solidifying at room temperature, and as it is used as it is as a fuel for thermal power, it must be stored at a high temperature, heated to about 200 ° C and sprayed from a burner. Has not been made. However, Olimar John has great appeal as one of the non-petroleum energy source diversification, is cheaper than heavy crude oil and has less ash than coal. In addition, it is attracting attention as a new type of fuel because of its advantages over coal in terms of overall economy.
[0011]
Specifically, the mixing device 1 may be one in which a stirrer is provided in a container or one that is stirred in a static mixer in a pipe.
In order to mix orinocotal with kerosene and light oil, it is preferable to mix under operating conditions such as heating the orinocotal to lower the viscosity, mixing kerosene and light oil, and then cooling to normal temperature.
[0012]
The transfer means 2 is a means for transferring the mixed oil to the power generation device, and includes a transfer vehicle such as a transfer tank lorry, a pipeline, and the like.
The separation device 3 is a device for separating the mixture into light oil and heavy oil by a separation operation. The separation operation is generally a distillation operation, and the separation device 3 is most commonly one using a heater or a heating furnace and a distillation tower.
[0013]
The power generation device 4 includes the separation device 3 and is preferably an exhaust gas reburning power plant that combines a gas turbine 5, a boiler 6, and a steam turbine 7. The light oil separated by the separation device 3 is fed to the gas turbine 5, and the heavy oil is fed to the boiler 6. Electric power is generated by burning these oils.
[0014]
Here, components such as sodium, vanadium, and potassium contained in the fuel are harmful to the gas turbine. In particular, sodium and vanadium affect each other to lower the melting point of the gas turbine blade metal and cause ash to stick to the blade. Therefore, it should be excluded from light oil and kerosene. However, since distillation is performed by mixing with heavy oil, most of the components harmful to such a gas turbine are transferred to the heavy oil, so there is no problem.
[0015]
In order to generate power, the gas turbine 5 is supplied with light oil as fuel, and the boiler 6 is supplied with heavy oil as fuel. Electric power is generated by burning these oils.
Air is introduced into the gas turbine 5 from the compression side, light oil is burned in the combustion chamber and sent to the expansion side, and gas turbine exhaust gas is sent to the boiler 6. The generator is rotated by the rotation of the gas turbine 5 to generate power. The boiler 6 burns heavy oil by using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine instead of air. This is a so-called exhaust reburning system.
[0016]
The steam system of the boiler 6 can employ a high pressure reheat type. In this boiler 6, feed water flows and exhaust heat recovery is performed.
The steam from the boiler 6 is supplied to the steam turbine 7, and the steam turbine 7 rotates. The generator is rotated by the rotation of the steam turbine 7 to generate power.
The exhaust gas from the boiler 6 is finally discharged from the chimney 8.
[0017]
In the present invention, heavy oil such as tar pitch, orinocotar or residual oil can be utilized in a highly efficient power generation method such as an exhaust gas reburning power plant as described above. In addition, kerosene and light oil that can transfer heavy oil can be used as fuel for a gas turbine as they are after separation, and harmful substances are transferred to the heavy oil without damaging the gas turbine.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above, according to the present invention, a high efficiency in which a heavy oil such as tar pitch, orinocotal or residual oil can be used in a high-efficiency power generation device such as an exhaust gas reburning power plant. A power generation method and a high efficiency power generation system are provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out a high efficiency power generation method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mixing device 2 Transfer means 3 Separating device 4 Power generation device 5 Gas turbine 6 Boiler 7 Steam turbine 8 Chimney

Claims (2)

動粘度が８００センチストークス以下になるように重質油分と軽質油分とを混合し、該混合油を発電装置まで移送した後に軽質油分と重質油分とに分離し、軽質油分を前記発電装置のガスタービンで燃焼させ、重質油分を前記発電装置のボイラで燃焼させることにより発電することを特徴とする高効率発電方法。  The heavy oil and the light oil are mixed so that the kinematic viscosity is 800 centistokes or less, the mixed oil is transferred to the power generator, and then separated into the light oil and the heavy oil, and the light oil is separated from the power generator. A high-efficiency power generation method characterized by generating electricity by burning with a gas turbine and burning heavy oil in a boiler of the power generation device. ガスタービンからの燃焼排ガスをボイラ用の燃焼用空気として用いて排気再燃方式とすることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の高効率発電方法。  The high-efficiency power generation method according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust gas re-burning method is performed using combustion exhaust gas from a gas turbine as combustion air for a boiler.
JP08138499A 1999-03-25 1999-03-25 High efficiency power generation method and high efficiency power generation system Expired - Fee Related JP4301622B2 (en)

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JP08138499A JP4301622B2 (en) 1999-03-25 1999-03-25 High efficiency power generation method and high efficiency power generation system
DE60025063T DE60025063T2 (en) 1999-03-25 2000-03-20 Transport of highly viscous fuel to a power plant
EP00302247A EP1039097B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2000-03-20 Transport of high viscosity fuel to a power generation plant
US09/532,152 US6223522B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2000-03-21 Combined cycle power plant and method using both light and heavy oils

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US6968700B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2005-11-29 Lott Henry A Power systems
US6467273B1 (en) 2001-03-01 2002-10-22 Henry A. Lott Method for producing electrical power
US6841683B2 (en) * 2001-08-30 2005-01-11 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Sulfonation method for zonisamide intermediate in zonisamide synthesis and their novel crystal forms
US6640548B2 (en) 2001-09-26 2003-11-04 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Apparatus and method for combusting low quality fuel
JP2009228475A (en) * 2008-03-19 2009-10-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Gas turbine power generation system
CN105953075B (en) * 2016-05-11 2019-02-22 中化工储运有限公司 A kind of heavy oil long-distance delivery method

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US2681694A (en) * 1951-11-24 1954-06-22 Gen Electric Dual liquid fuel system
US3251508A (en) * 1963-12-27 1966-05-17 Standard Oil Co Asphalt blending system
DE3814242A1 (en) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-09 Siemens Ag STEAM POWER PLANT
GB2234519A (en) * 1989-06-07 1991-02-06 Diesel Corp Limited Waste oil processing plant
JP2966713B2 (en) * 1994-01-13 1999-10-25 三菱重工業株式会社 Exhaust reburn combined cycle plant
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JPH1181384A (en) 1997-09-01 1999-03-26 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd Construction machine

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EP1039097A2 (en) 2000-09-27
DE60025063T2 (en) 2006-09-28
DE60025063D1 (en) 2006-02-02

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