JP4219095B2 - Compression / shear test method and test apparatus - Google Patents

Compression / shear test method and test apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4219095B2
JP4219095B2 JP2001026473A JP2001026473A JP4219095B2 JP 4219095 B2 JP4219095 B2 JP 4219095B2 JP 2001026473 A JP2001026473 A JP 2001026473A JP 2001026473 A JP2001026473 A JP 2001026473A JP 4219095 B2 JP4219095 B2 JP 4219095B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
specimen
compression
guide frame
fixing means
shear
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JP2001026473A
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JP2002228564A (en
Inventor
一朗 小林
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、供試体の圧縮・剪断試験方法及びその装置に係わり、更に詳しくは例えば、免震装置等で使用される大型のゴム支承体等の供試体に、大圧縮・大剪断変形を与えて性能試験を行うことが出来る圧縮・剪断試験方法及びその装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、免震装置等で使用されるゴム支承体1(供試体1)としては、例えば、図3に示すように複数枚のゴムシート2と金属板3とを交互に積層させて一体的に成形し、その上下面には複数のボルト取付け穴4を備えた上下面板5a,5bが取付けられて構成されている。
【0003】
そして、このようなゴム支承体1の圧縮,剪断等の性能試験を行う場合には、上下面板5a,5bの一方を水平に固定し、他方をアクチュエータに連結してゴム支承体1の面外方向として鉛直荷重Fを与え、ゴムを圧縮し、また面内方向として破壊するまで水平方向に剪断変形Fxを与えて性能試験を行っている。
【0004】
ところで、近年では橋梁規模の拡大にともなって、ゴム支承体1の平面寸法も大型化する傾向になってきており、性能試験を行う場合にも水平方向に高変位、高荷重が必要となる。一方、道路橋示方書の改定に伴いゴム支承も性能規定型に移行しているが、その品質管理の一環として所要の終局剪断変形性能を把握することが必要となってきている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
然しながら、設計時の水平特性を確認する性能試験機では、剪断破壊を確認するまでの載荷荷重、ストローク及び破壊時の衝撃に対する耐力を考慮すると、現状では平面寸法が、一辺の長さが1,000 mm程度で、かつ方形状の大きさが限界と言える。
【0006】
また、これ以上のゴム支承を製造した場合には、水平方向の装置の大型化に、かつ大スペースが必要となり、大掛かりな2軸装置になると言う問題があった。
【0007】
この発明の目的は、大型供試体の圧縮変形及び/または剪断変形の性能試験を大掛かりな設備や装置を用いることなく縦型1軸圧縮装置を利用することにより試験することが出来る圧縮・剪断試験方法及びその装置を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は上記目的を達成するため、この発明の圧縮・剪断試験方法は、供試体に圧縮荷重及び/または剪断荷重を与えて試験を行う圧縮・剪断試験方法であって、前記供試体の上下面の一方を、鉛直に立設された固定フレームの上部に固定すると共に、供試体の他方の面を、前記固定フレームと相対向する平行なガイドフレームに沿って鉛直方向にスライド可能な固定手段に固定し、前記固定手段を、アクチュエータを介してガイドフレームに沿って下方へスライドさせることにより供試体に剪断変形を与えると同時に、前記ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に取付けられたテーパ部材により、固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させて供試体を圧縮変形及び/または剪断変形させて試験を行うことを要旨とするものである。
【0009】
また、この発明の圧縮・剪断試験装置は、水平なベースプレート上に、所定の間隔を隔てて固定フレームとガイドフレームとを平行に、かつ相対向させて鉛直に立設し、前記固定フレームの内壁面上部に、供試体の上下面板の一方を着脱可能に固定するためのクランプ手段を設け、このクランプ手段と相対向するガイドフレームの内壁面に、ガイドフレームに沿って昇降し、かつ前記供試体の上下面板の他方を着脱可能に固定するための圧縮固定手段を設け、ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に、圧縮固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させるテーパ部材を取付け、前記圧縮固定手段の上部に、圧縮固定手段をスライドさせて前記供試体に剪断変形を付与するためのアクチュエータを設けたことを要旨とするものである。
【0010】
この発明は、上記のように構成され、大型の供試体であっも、ストロークの大きな縦型1軸圧縮装置を利用することにより供試体に大剪断変形を容易に与えて性能試験を行うことが出来、また供試体の面外の圧縮荷重は、ジャッキ等の圧縮固定手段にて容易に与えることが出来、更に試験装置が著しく簡略化されるので、装置としてのコストを大幅に削減出来る。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面に基づき、この発明の実施形態を説明する。
【0012】
なお、従来例と同一構成要素は、同一符号を付して説明は省略する。
【0013】
図1は、この発明にかかる大型の供試体の圧縮・剪断試験方法を実施するための試験装置の概略正面図、図2は図1の要部拡大斜視図を示し、この圧縮・剪断試験装置10は、水平なベースプレート11上に、所定の間隔を隔てて固定フレーム12とガイドフレーム13とが平行で、かつ相対向して鉛直に立設されている。
【0014】
前記固定フレーム12の内壁面上部には、例えば、ゴム支承体等の供試体1の上下面板5a,5bの一方、即ち、この実施形態では上面板5aを着脱可能に固定するためのクランプ手段14が設けてある。
【0015】
このクランプ手段14としては、例えば、固定フレーム12に形成された図示しない取付け穴と、供試体1の上面板5aに形成されたボルト取付け穴4とを連結する複数本のボルト・ナットで構成するものである。
【0016】
また前記クランプ手段14と相対向するガイドフレーム13の内壁面には、ガイドフレーム13に沿って昇降し、かつ前記供試体1の下面板5bを着脱可能に固定するためのジャッキ等の圧縮固定手段15が二基設けてあり(一基以上であれば特に数には限定されない)、この圧縮固定手段15は、基台15aに設けられたスライドローラ16を介してガイドフレーム13の内壁面に沿って昇降し、更にガイドフレーム13の内壁面下部側に取付けられたテーパ部材17によって下方側に移動するに従って固定フレーム12側に接近するように構成されている。
【0017】
前記ジャッキ等の圧縮固定手段15のロッド15bの先端には、供試体1の下面板5bに設けたボルト取付け穴4に複数本のボルト・ナット等の図示しない締結部材を介して取付ける取付けプレート18が設けてあり、この取付けプレート18の上部には、前記圧縮固定手段15及び取付けプレート18をガイドフレーム13に沿って下方にスライドさせ、前記供試体1に二点鎖線で示すような剪断変形を付与するためのアクチュエータ19(例えば、油圧シリンダー等)が鉛直向きに設置されている。
【0018】
前記アクチュエータ19は、この実施形態では計測器を備えた1軸シリンダーを使用している。
【0019】
そして、上記のような縦型の性能試験装置10を用いて供試体1の性能試験を行う場合には、図1及び図2に示すような複数枚のゴムシート2と金属板3とを交互に積層させて一体的に成形した供試体1を、上面板5aに形成されたボルト取付け穴4と複数本のボルト・ナットを介して固定フレーム12に取付ける。
【0020】
また一方、供試体1の下面板5bを、圧縮固定手段15の取付けプレート18に複数本のボルト・ナット等の図示しない締結部材を介して取付け、圧縮固定手段15で、ゴム支承体1を圧縮状態または非圧縮状態で、アクチュエータ19により圧縮固定手段15及び取付けプレート18をガイドフレーム13に沿って下方にスライドさせ、前記供試体1に二点鎖線で示すような剪断変形を付与する。
【0021】
そして、この剪断変形における供試体1の性能試験をアクチュエータ19に設けた計測器で計測するものである。
【0022】
このように、供試体1を縦方向に剪断変形させて性能試験を行うので、大型の供試体1であっも、ストロークの大きな縦型1軸圧縮装置を利用することにより供試体1に大剪断変形を容易に与えて性能試験を行うことが出来、また供試体1の面外の圧縮荷重は、上記のようにジャッキ等の圧縮固定手段15にて容易に与えることが出来るのである。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、上記のように供試体に圧縮荷重及び/または剪断荷重を与えて試験を行う圧縮・剪断試験方法であって、前記供試体の上下面の一方を、鉛直に立設された固定フレームの上部に固定すると共に、供試体の他方の面を、前記固定フレームと相対向する平行なガイドフレームに沿って鉛直方向にスライド可能な固定手段に固定し、前記固定手段を、アクチュエータを介してガイドフレームに沿って下方へスライドさせることにより供試体に剪断変形を与えると同時に、前記ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に取付けられたテーパ部材により、固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させて供試体を圧縮変形及び/または剪断変形させて試験を行うので、大型の供試体であっも、ストロークの大きな縦型1軸圧縮装置を利用することにより供試体に大剪断変形を容易に与えて性能試験を行うことが出来、また供試体の面外の圧縮荷重は、ジャッキ等の圧縮固定手段にて容易に与えることが出来る効果がある。
【0024】
また、水平なベースプレート上に、所定の間隔を隔てて固定フレームとガイドフレームとを平行に、かつ相対向させて鉛直に立設し、前記固定フレームの内壁面上部に、供試体の上下面板の一方を着脱可能に固定するためのクランプ手段を設け、このクランプ手段と相対向するガイドフレームの内壁面に、ガイドフレームに沿って昇降し、かつ前記供試体の上下面板の他方を着脱可能に固定するための圧縮固定手段を設け、ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に、圧縮固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させるテーパ部材を取付け、前記圧縮固定手段の上部に、圧縮固定手段をスライドさせて前記供試体に剪断変形を付与するためのアクチュエータを設けたので、狭いスペースで大型の供試体であっも、供試体に大剪断変形を容易に与えて性能試験を行うことが出来、また試験装置が著しく簡略化されるので、装置としてのコストを大幅に削減出来る効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明にかかる大型の供試体の圧縮・剪断試験方法を実施するための試験装置の概略正面図である。
【図2】図1の要部拡大斜視図である。
【図3】従来の供試体であるゴム支承体の性能試験方法の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 供試体(ゴム支承体) 2 ゴムシート
3 金属板 4 ボルト取付け穴
5a,5b 上下面板 F 鉛直荷重
Fx 剪断変形
10 性能試験装置 11 ベースプレート
12 固定フレーム 13 ガイドフレーム
14 クランプ手段 15 圧縮固定手段
15a 基台 15b ロッド
16 スライドローラ 17 テーパ部材
18 取付けプレート 19 アクチュエータ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compression / shear test method and apparatus for a specimen, and more specifically, gives a large compression / shear deformation to a specimen such as a large rubber bearing used in a seismic isolation apparatus or the like. The present invention relates to a compression / shear test method and apparatus for performing a performance test.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a rubber bearing body 1 (sample 1) used in a seismic isolation device or the like, for example, a plurality of rubber sheets 2 and metal plates 3 are alternately laminated as shown in FIG. The upper and lower plates 5a and 5b having a plurality of bolt mounting holes 4 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the molded product.
[0003]
When performing performance tests such as compression and shearing of the rubber bearing body 1, one of the upper and lower surface plates 5 a and 5 b is fixed horizontally and the other is connected to an actuator so that the rubber bearing body 1 is out of plane. A vertical load F is given as the direction, the rubber is compressed, and a shear deformation Fx is given in the horizontal direction until it breaks as the in-plane direction, and the performance test is performed.
[0004]
By the way, in recent years, along with the expansion of the bridge scale, the planar size of the rubber bearing body 1 is also increasing, and a high displacement and a high load are required in the horizontal direction even when performing a performance test. On the other hand, with the revision of the road bridge specifications, the rubber bearings are also shifting to the performance regulation type, but it is necessary to grasp the required ultimate shear deformation performance as part of the quality control.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the performance testing machine that checks the horizontal characteristics at the time of design, considering the load load, the stroke, and the impact resistance against impact at the time of failure until the confirmation of shear failure, the plane dimensions are currently 1,000 mm on a side. It can be said that the size of the rectangular shape is the limit.
[0006]
In addition, when a rubber bearing of more than this is manufactured, there is a problem that a large-sized biaxial device is required because of the large size of the device in the horizontal direction and a large space.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a compression / shear test that can test the performance test of compression deformation and / or shear deformation of a large specimen by using a vertical uniaxial compression apparatus without using a large-scale facility or apparatus. It is to provide a method and apparatus thereof.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the compression / shear test method of the present invention is a compression / shear test method in which a test is performed by applying a compressive load and / or a shear load to the specimen. One of the lower surfaces is fixed to the upper part of a vertically fixed frame, and the other surface of the specimen is fixed in a vertical direction along a parallel guide frame opposite to the fixed frame. And by applying a shearing deformation to the specimen by sliding the fixing means downward along the guide frame via an actuator, and at the same time, by a taper member attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame, The gist is to perform the test by bringing the fixing means closer to the fixed frame side and compressing and / or shearing the specimen .
[0009]
Further, the compression / shear test apparatus of the present invention is configured such that the fixed frame and the guide frame are set up on a horizontal base plate in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval and vertically so as to face each other. Clamp means for removably fixing one of the upper and lower surface plates of the specimen is provided on the upper surface of the wall, and the specimen is raised and lowered along the guide frame on the inner wall of the guide frame opposite to the clamp means. A compression fixing means for detachably fixing the other of the upper and lower surface plates is provided, a taper member for attaching the compression fixing means to the fixed frame side is attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame, and the upper part of the compression fixing means is attached. The gist of the invention is that an actuator is provided for sliding the compression fixing means to impart shear deformation to the specimen.
[0010]
Even if this invention is comprised as mentioned above and is a large-sized specimen, it can perform a performance test by giving a large shear deformation to a specimen easily by using a vertical type single axis compression device with a large stroke. In addition, the compressive load outside the surface of the specimen can be easily applied by a compression fixing means such as a jack, and the test apparatus is greatly simplified, so that the cost of the apparatus can be greatly reduced.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
Note that the same components as those in the conventional example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0013]
Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a test apparatus for carrying out the large compression and shear test method specimens according to the present invention, Figure 2 shows an enlarged perspective view of FIG. 1, the compression and shear test apparatus 10, a fixed frame 12 and a guide frame 13 are set up vertically on a horizontal base plate 11 with a predetermined distance therebetween in parallel and opposite to each other.
[0014]
Clamping means 14 for detachably fixing one of the upper and lower plates 5a and 5b of the specimen 1 such as a rubber bearing, that is, the upper plate 5a in this embodiment, is mounted on the inner wall surface of the fixed frame 12. Is provided.
[0015]
The clamp means 14 is constituted by a plurality of bolts and nuts for connecting a mounting hole (not shown) formed in the fixed frame 12 and a bolt mounting hole 4 formed in the upper surface plate 5a of the specimen 1. Is.
[0016]
Further, on the inner wall surface of the guide frame 13 opposed to the clamp means 14, a compression fixing means such as a jack for moving up and down along the guide frame 13 and detachably fixing the lower surface plate 5 b of the specimen 1. 2 are provided (the number is not particularly limited as long as it is one or more), and the compression fixing means 15 is provided along the inner wall surface of the guide frame 13 via the slide roller 16 provided on the base 15a. It is configured to move up and down and approach the fixed frame 12 side as it moves downward by a taper member 17 attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame 13.
[0017]
At the tip of the rod 15b of the compression fixing means 15 such as the jack, a mounting plate 18 is mounted to a bolt mounting hole 4 provided in the lower surface plate 5b of the specimen 1 via a plurality of bolts and nuts (not shown). The compression fixing means 15 and the mounting plate 18 are slid downward along the guide frame 13 on the upper portion of the mounting plate 18, and the specimen 1 is subjected to shear deformation as indicated by a two-dot chain line. An actuator 19 (for example, a hydraulic cylinder or the like) for applying is installed in a vertical direction.
[0018]
In this embodiment, the actuator 19 uses a single-axis cylinder provided with a measuring instrument.
[0019]
When performing the performance test of the specimen 1 using the vertical performance test apparatus 10 as described above, a plurality of rubber sheets 2 and metal plates 3 as shown in FIGS. The specimen 1 laminated and integrally formed is attached to the fixed frame 12 via bolt mounting holes 4 formed on the upper surface plate 5a and a plurality of bolts and nuts.
[0020]
On the other hand, the lower surface plate 5b of the specimen 1 is attached to the attachment plate 18 of the compression fixing means 15 via fastening members (not shown) such as a plurality of bolts and nuts, and the rubber support 1 is compressed by the compression fixing means 15. In the state or in the non-compressed state, the compression fixing means 15 and the mounting plate 18 are slid downward along the guide frame 13 by the actuator 19, and shear deformation as shown by a two-dot chain line is applied to the specimen 1.
[0021]
And the performance test of the specimen 1 in this shear deformation is measured by a measuring instrument provided in the actuator 19.
[0022]
As described above, since the performance test is performed by shearing and deforming the specimen 1 in the longitudinal direction, even if the specimen 1 is large, a large shear is applied to the specimen 1 by using a vertical uniaxial compression device having a large stroke. The performance test can be performed by easily applying deformation, and the compressive load outside the surface of the specimen 1 can be easily applied by the compression fixing means 15 such as a jack as described above.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is a compression / shear test method for performing a test by applying a compressive load and / or a shear load to a specimen as described above, and one of the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen is fixed vertically. While fixing to the upper part of the frame, the other surface of the specimen is fixed to a fixing means that can slide in a vertical direction along a parallel guide frame opposite to the fixed frame, and the fixing means is connected via an actuator. Then, the specimen is sheared by sliding downward along the guide frame, and at the same time, the taper member attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame causes the fixing means to approach the fixed frame side. since the perform test compressive deformation and / or by shearing, also a specimen of a large, test by utilizing a large vertical uniaxial compression device stroke To a large shearing deformation can be performed easily given performance test, also compression load outside surface of the specimens, the effect of it can give easily by compressing the fixing means of the jack or the like.
[0024]
Further, on the horizontal base plate, the fixed frame and the guide frame are set up vertically in parallel and opposite to each other with a predetermined interval, and the upper and lower surface plates of the specimen are placed on the upper inner wall surface of the fixed frame. Clamping means for detachably fixing one side is provided, and it is moved up and down along the guide frame on the inner wall surface of the guide frame opposite to the clamping means, and the other of the upper and lower surface plates of the specimen is detachably fixed. And a taper member for attaching the compression fixing means to the fixed frame side is attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame, and the compression fixing means is slid on the upper part of the compression fixing means. Since an actuator is provided to apply shear deformation to the specimen, even if it is a large specimen in a narrow space, it is easy to give a large shear deformation to the specimen and perform a performance test. It is possible to carry out, and because the test apparatus is significantly simplified, there is an effect that can greatly reduce the cost of the device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a test apparatus for carrying out a compression / shear test method for a large specimen according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a performance test method for a rubber bearing body which is a conventional specimen.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Specimen (rubber support body) 2 Rubber sheet 3 Metal plate 4 Bolt mounting holes 5a and 5b Upper and lower surface plates F Vertical load Fx Shear deformation 10 Performance test apparatus 11 Base plate 12 Fixed frame 13 Guide frame 14 Clamping means 15 Compression fixing means 15a Base Base 15b Rod 16 Slide roller 17 Tapered member 18 Mounting plate 19 Actuator

Claims (3)

供試体に圧縮荷重及び/または剪断荷重を与えて試験を行う圧縮・剪断試験方法であって、前記供試体の上下面の一方を、鉛直に立設された固定フレームの上部に固定すると共に、供試体の他方の面を、前記固定フレームと相対向する平行なガイドフレームに沿って鉛直方向にスライド可能な固定手段に固定し、前記固定手段を、アクチュエータを介してガイドフレームに沿って下方へスライドさせることにより供試体に剪断変形を与えると同時に、前記ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に取付けられたテーパ部材により、固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させて供試体を圧縮変形及び/または剪断変形させて試験を行う圧縮・剪断試験方法。 A compression / shear test method for performing a test by applying a compression load and / or a shear load to a specimen, and fixing one of the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen to an upper part of a vertically fixed frame, The other surface of the specimen is fixed to a fixing means that can slide in a vertical direction along a parallel guide frame opposite to the fixed frame, and the fixing means is moved downward along the guide frame via an actuator. The specimen is subjected to shear deformation by sliding, and at the same time, the taper member attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame causes the fixing means to approach the fixed frame and compresses and / or shears the specimen. Compression / shear test method for testing. 水平なベースプレート上に、所定の間隔を隔てて固定フレームとガイドフレームとを平行に、かつ相対向させて鉛直に立設し、前記固定フレームの内壁面上部に、供試体の上下面板の一方を着脱可能に固定するためのクランプ手段を設け、このクランプ手段と相対向するガイドフレームの内壁面に、ガイドフレームに沿って昇降し、かつ前記供試体の上下面板の他方を着脱可能に固定するための圧縮固定手段を設け、ガイドフレームの内壁面下部側に、圧縮固定手段を固定フレーム側に接近させるテーパ部材を取付け、前記圧縮固定手段の上部に、圧縮固定手段をスライドさせて前記供試体に剪断変形を付与するためのアクチュエータを設けて成る圧縮・剪断試験装置。On the horizontal base plate, the fixed frame and the guide frame are set up vertically in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval, and one of the upper and lower surface plates of the specimen is placed on the upper inner wall surface of the fixed frame. Clamping means for detachably fixing is provided, and the other of the upper and lower surface plates of the specimen is detachably fixed to the inner wall surface of the guide frame opposite to the clamping means along the guide frame. And a taper member for attaching the compression fixing means to the fixed frame side is attached to the lower side of the inner wall surface of the guide frame, and the compression fixing means is slid on the compression fixing means to the specimen. A compression / shear test apparatus provided with an actuator for imparting shear deformation. 前記アクチュエータは、計測器を備えた1軸シリンダーである請求項2に記載の圧縮・剪断試験装置。  The compression / shear test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the actuator is a uniaxial cylinder provided with a measuring instrument.
JP2001026473A 2001-02-02 2001-02-02 Compression / shear test method and test apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4219095B2 (en)

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