JP4170493B2 - Multiple direction switching valve - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is used in various industrial machines such as hydraulic excavators, and is configured by connecting a plurality of directional control valves for controlling the flow rate of pressure oil supplied to and discharged from various actuators driven by a liquid pressure source. The present invention relates to a communication direction switching valve.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional multiple direction switching valve, the valve main body of each direction switching valve is formed independently. That is, it has a structure in which one spool is slidably inserted into one valve body, and each valve body is joined next to each other through its mating surface.
[0003]
Other conventional techniques include Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-186502 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-22183. These prior art documents disclose one in which two spools are inserted into a single valve body. These prior arts also share a valve body up to two spools. However, this is not the case, and as a whole multiple directional switching valve in which a plurality of directional switching valves are arranged three-dimensionally, It is a structure in which adjacent members are joined to each other through mating surfaces and firmly integrated with a connecting bolt.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional multiple directional switching valve has a structure in which the valve bodies of the directional switching valves that are arranged three-dimensionally are joined via their mating surfaces. There was a problem that there was a limit. That is, since each directional control valve is established as a single individual, the valve body is inevitably required to have a certain strength or more. Therefore, the thickness of each valve body (thickness up to the mating surface around the spool hole) needs to be secured at a certain level or more in order to provide the necessary strength.
[0005]
In addition, as disclosed in the prior art, two directional control valves formed in a single valve body are supplied with pressure oil from different pumps via supply passages. Each pressure oil acts on the mating surfaces, causing reaction forces in the direction of pulling them apart from each other, creating a gap between adjacent valve bodies, and the pressure oil leaks from the mating surfaces. There was a fear. Further, since the joining is performed through the mating surfaces, there are many joints in the hydraulic circuit, and even if a sealing structure is provided on the mating surfaces, the pressure oil may leak from the mating surfaces.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional directional control valve that can sufficiently reduce the distance between adjacent directional control valves that are arranged three-dimensionally, and that can be downsized and has no risk of pressure oil leakage. Is to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the spool is slidably inserted into a spool hole provided in the valve body, and the flow rate and flow direction of the pressure oil to the actuator by sliding of the spool. In a multiple direction switching valve having a plurality of directional control valves that are controlled, four or more spool holes are provided in parallel in a single valve body, and two of the spool holes are provided. A pair of spool holes is arranged in a horizontal plane, the other pair of spool holes is arranged in a different horizontal plane, and each spool hole in a different horizontal plane is two parallel The directional control valve disposed in one vertical plane is supplied with pressure oil from a common first supply passage, and the directional switching valve disposed in the other vertical plane is different from the second supply passage. Pressure oil is supplied from the first supply passage and the second supply passage. But also it characterized in that it is provided inside the valve body.
[0008]
According to the present invention, since the valve body of four or more directional control valves arranged three-dimensionally consists of a single block, the horizontal and vertical intervals of each directional control valve are made conventional. It is possible to make them approach. That is, according to the present invention, since the valve main body portion positioned between the adjacent directional control valves is shared by both, the thickness for ensuring the necessary strength can also be shared. Therefore, as described above, the interval between the directional switching valves can be made close to about half as compared with the conventional joining structure through the mating surface. ) Can be reduced. Further, the connecting bolt is not necessary in that portion, and the number of parts can be reduced accordingly. Further, since there is no conventional mating surface, there is no fear of pressure oil leak.
[0009]
Furthermore, since both the first supply passage and the second supply passage for supplying pressure oil to the direction switching valves arranged on the respective vertical surfaces are provided in the single valve body, for example, two In the conventional structure, the unload passage communicates through the mating surface and is surrounded by a seal. The enclosed area increases, and the valve body is distorted by the influence of external pressure, resulting in a decrease in the sealing force. However, there has been a risk of the pressure oil leaking from there, but according to the present invention, as described above, such a problem of leakage is eliminated by making the valve body into a single block.
[0010]
In the invention according to claim 2 of the present application, in the invention described in claim 1, the actuator ports of the respective directional control valves respectively open on two outer surfaces parallel to the two vertical surfaces. It is characterized by this. According to the present invention, since each actuator port of each direction switching valve is also provided in a single valve body, it is possible to reduce the overall dimensions, particularly in the height direction, from this point.
[0011]
Further, in the invention described in claim 3 of the present application, in the invention described in claim 2, between the distances L1, L2 between the two outer surfaces and the spool hole inner surface of each direction switching valve and the inner surfaces of the spool holes. The distance L3 is formed such that the relationship L1 = L2 = L3 is established. According to the present invention, as described above, the dimensional relationship is defined so that the relationship of L1 = L2 = L3 is established. Therefore, the internal passage can be formed without waste, and the multiple direction switching valve can be downsized. Can be planned.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 3, the horizontal sectional shape of a single valve body is substantially square. According to the present invention, when a multiple direction switching valve is attached to a construction machine or the like, a relief valve or the like is attached to the side surface of the valve body where the spool hole is opened, and a pipe is attached to the other side surface where the actuator port is opened. However, since the valve body has a substantially square cross section as described above, the degree of freedom of changing the direction of the side surface on which the actuator port opens according to the piping of the construction machine when installing the multi-directional valve is set. Increase.
[0013]
Further, in the invention according to claim 5 of the present application, in the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the directional control valves that supply and discharge to / from the actuator that requires synchronous operation form one pair. It is arranged in a horizontal plane. According to the present invention, the pressure loss that reaches the pair of directional control valves that require synchronous operation can be made substantially the same, so that the operability is improved.
[0014]
Further, in the invention described in claim 6 of the present application, in the invention described in claim 5, the pair of directional control valves for supplying and discharging to / from an actuator that requires synchronous operation is arranged on the upstream side in the flow direction of the pressure oil. It is characterized by that. According to the present invention, since it is arranged on the upstream side in this way, the pressure loss can be reduced and the difference in pressure loss can be reduced.
[0015]
Further, in the invention described in claim 7 of the present application, in the invention described in claim 6, the pair of directional control valves for supplying and discharging to / from an actuator that requires synchronous operation is a right directional control valve and a left directional control valve. It is a direction switching valve. Since the pair of the right traveling direction switching valve and the left traveling direction switching valve is arranged on the upstream side, the pressure loss can be reduced and the operability is further improved.
[0016]
Further, in the invention described in claim 8 of the present application, in the invention described in claims 2 to 7, the pair of the directional control valves arranged in a horizontal plane is the directional control valve for right travel and the left travel. It comprises a pair of direction switching valves for turning, a pair of direction switching valves for turning and a direction switching valve for booms, and a pair of direction switching valves for arms and a direction switching valve for buckets.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a multiple direction switching valve according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along one vertical plane of a multiple direction switching valve according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along another vertical plane of the multiple direction switching valve according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIGS.
[0018]
The multiple direction switching valve includes a plurality of direction switching valves. In the direction switching valve, a spool hole 2 is provided in the valve body 1, and a spool 3 is slidably inserted into the spool hole 2. By sliding the spool 3, the flow rate and flow direction of pressure oil to the actuator are changed. Is formed to be controlled.
[0019]
In the present embodiment, nine spool holes 2, 2,... Are provided in parallel in a single valve body 1, and in FIG. This corresponds to the right traveling direction switching valve 5, the turning direction switching valve 6, the arm direction switching valve 7, and the second cut valve 8. Further, in FIG. 2, from the top to the bottom, it corresponds to the left traveling direction switching valve 9, the boom direction switching valve 10, the bucket direction switching valve 11, and the first cut valve 12.
[0020]
Then, two of the spool holes 2, 2,... Are paired, and one pair of spool holes is disposed in a horizontal plane, and the other pair of spool holes is disposed in a different horizontal plane. Each spool hole in different horizontal planes is arranged in two parallel vertical planes. That is, in the present embodiment, a pair of the right traveling direction switching valve 5 and the left traveling direction switching valve 9, a pair of the turning direction switching valve 6 and the boom direction switching valve 10, and the arm direction switching valve 7, Each pair of bucket direction switching valves 11 is disposed in a horizontal plane (corresponding to the cross section of FIGS. 4 to 6), and is also used for the right traveling direction switching valve 5, the turning direction switching valve 6 and the arm. The direction switching valve 7 is disposed in one vertical plane (corresponding to the longitudinal section of FIG. 1), and the left traveling direction switching valve 9, the boom direction switching valve 10, and the bucket direction switching valve 11 are disposed on the other vertical plane. It is arranged inside (corresponding to the longitudinal section of FIG. 2). Further, in the embodiment, the pair of the second cut valve 8 and the first cut valve 12 is also arranged in one horizontal plane, and the second cut valve 8 is arranged in the vertical plane to which the right travel direction switching valve 5 belongs. The first cut valve 12 and the straight travel direction switching valve 4 are arranged in another vertical plane to which the left travel direction switching valve 9 belongs. 2 and 3, reference numeral 13 denotes a main relief valve.
[0021]
The right traveling direction switching valve 5, the turning direction switching valve 6, and the arm direction switching valve 7 arranged in one vertical plane (in the vertical cross section of FIG. 1) are supplied from the common first supply passage 15 with pressure oil. And the left traveling direction switching valve 9, the boom direction switching valve 10 and the bucket direction switching valve 11 arranged in the other vertical plane (in the longitudinal section of FIG. 2) are different from each other in the second supply passage 16. It is formed so that the pressure oil is supplied from. Both the first supply passage 15 and the second supply passage 16 are provided in the single valve body 1.
[0022]
In the present embodiment, the right traveling direction switching valve 5, the turning direction switching valve 6 and the arm direction switching valve 7, and further the left traveling direction switching valve 9, the boom direction switching valve 10 and the bucket. Each of the actuator ports 17, 17,... Of the direction switching valve 11 is open to two outer surfaces 18, 19 parallel to the two vertical surfaces. Therefore, since each actuator port 17, 17,... Of each direction switching valve is also provided in the single valve body 1, it is possible to reduce the overall dimensions, particularly in the height direction, from this point. Become.
[0023]
In the present embodiment, as representatively shown in FIG. 5, the valve body 1 includes the distance L1 between the two outer surfaces 18 and 19 and the inner surfaces of the spool holes 2 of the direction switching valves 6 and 10. The relationship L1 = L2 = L3 is established between L2 and the distance L3 between the spool hole 2 inner surfaces. Thus, since the valve body 1 has a dimensional relationship so that the relationship of L1 = L2 = L3 is established, the internal passage can be formed without waste. Therefore, from this viewpoint, the multiple direction switching valve can be reduced in size. 5, reference numeral 20 denotes a bridge passage, reference numeral 21 denotes an actuator passage, reference numeral 22 denotes a tank passage, reference numeral 23 denotes a check valve, and reference numeral 24 denotes an overload relief valve. Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 25 denotes a pump passage, reference numeral 26 denotes an unload passage, and reference numeral 27 denotes a pilot port.
[0024]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, in the present embodiment, the horizontal sectional shape of the single valve body 1 is formed in a substantially square shape. When representatively described with reference to FIG. 5, when a multiple direction switching valve is attached to a construction machine or the like, an overload relief valve 24 or the like is attached to the side surface 28 of the valve body 1 where the spool hole 2 is opened, Pipes (not shown) are attached to the other side surfaces 18 and 19 where the actuator port 17 opens. At that time, as described above, since the valve body 1 has a substantially square cross section, the orientation of the side surfaces 18 and 19 where the actuator port 17 is opened according to the piping of the construction machine is appropriately set when the multiple direction switching valve is installed. It can be freely changed and is easy to assemble.
[0025]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, as described above, the directional control valves that supply and discharge to and from the actuators that require synchronous operation are paired and arranged in one horizontal plane. By doing in this way, since the pressure loss which reaches a pair of direction switching valve which requires a synchronous operation can be made substantially the same, operativity improves. Furthermore, a right traveling direction switching valve 5 and a left traveling direction switching valve 9, which are a pair of direction switching valves that supply and discharge to / from an actuator that requires synchronous operation, are arranged upstream in the pressure oil flow direction. Since the pair of the right traveling direction switching valve 5 and the left traveling direction switching valve 9 is disposed on the upstream side, the pressure loss can be reduced and the operability is further improved.
[0026]
The lower surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1 or 2) of the valve body 1 is joined with a separate body 29 as a mating surface, and the body 29 has a single switching valve. 30 (FIG. 1) and an optional actuator direction switching valve 31 such as a nibbler or breaker valve is provided.
[0027]
Next, the operation of the multiple direction switching valve according to the above embodiment will be described. According to the present embodiment, since the valve body 1 of four or more directional switching valves arranged three-dimensionally consists of a single block, each directional switching valve 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, It is possible to make the 11 horizontal and vertical intervals closer as compared with the conventional one. That is, since the valve body 1 portion located between the adjacent directional control valves is shared by both, the thickness for ensuring the necessary strength can also be shared. Accordingly, the distance (horizontal direction and vertical direction) between the directional control valves 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 can be made close to about half as compared with the conventional joining structure through the mating surface. Thus, the overall size of the multiple direction switching valve can be reduced. In addition, since the connecting bolt is not required in the single block portion, the number of parts can be reduced accordingly. Furthermore, since there is no conventional mating surface in the single block portion, there is no risk of pressure oil leakage.
[0028]
Furthermore, since both the first supply passage 15 and the second supply passage 16 for supplying pressure oil to the direction switching valves arranged on the respective vertical surfaces are provided in the single valve body 1, For example, in a structure in which two unload passages 26 communicate with each other through a mating surface as in the prior art and are surrounded by a seal, the enclosed area increases and each valve body is distorted by the influence of external pressure. However, according to the present invention, such a leakage problem is eliminated by making the valve body 1 into a single block as described above.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, four or more spool holes are provided in parallel in a single valve body, and two of the spool holes are paired, and one pair of spool holes is in a horizontal plane. The other pair of spool holes are arranged in different horizontal planes, and each spool hole in different horizontal planes is arranged in two parallel vertical planes, so that The distance between adjacent directional control valves that are arranged can be sufficiently narrowed, so that the size can be reduced and there is no fear of pressure oil leak. Further, since both the first supply passage and the second supply passage for supplying pressure oil to the direction switching valves arranged on the respective vertical surfaces are provided in the single valve body, for example, two When the unload passage of this type communicates through the mating surface as in the past, the valve body may be distorted due to the influence of external pressure, resulting in a decrease in sealing force, and pressure oil may leak from there. According to the present invention, as described above, such a leakage problem is eliminated by making the valve body into a single block.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along one vertical plane of a multiple direction switching valve according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along another vertical surface of the multiple direction switching valve according to the embodiment;
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Valve body 2 Spool hole 3 Spool 4 Traveling direction switching valve 5 Right traveling direction switching valve 6 Turning direction switching valve 7 Arm direction switching valve 8 Second cut valve 9 Left traveling direction switching valve 10 Boom direction Switch valve 11 Bucket direction switch valve 12 First cut valve 13 Main relief valve 15 First supply passage 16 Second supply passage 17 Actuator ports 18, 19 Outer surface 20 Bridge passage 21 Actuator passage 22 Tank passage 24 Overload relief valve 25 Pump passage 26 Unload passage

Claims (1)

Multiple directions including a plurality of directional control valves in which a spool is slidably inserted into a spool hole provided in the valve body, and the flow rate and flow direction of pressure oil to the actuator are controlled by sliding of the spool. In the switching valve, four or more spool holes are provided in parallel in a single valve body, and two of the spool holes are paired, and one pair of spool holes is arranged in a horizontal plane. The other pair of spool holes are arranged in different horizontal planes, and each spool hole in different horizontal planes is arranged in two parallel vertical planes, the direction in which they are arranged in one vertical plane The changeover valve is supplied with pressure oil from a common first supply passage, the direction changeover valve arranged on the other vertical surface is supplied with pressure oil from a different second supply passage, and the first supply passage and the second supply passage are also provided. It is provided inside the valve body, Actuator of each directional control valve Tapoto respectively open to two outer surfaces parallel to the two vertical surfaces, while the distance L 1, L 2 and each spool bore interior surface of said two outer surfaces and spool hole inner surfaces of the directional control valve A multi-directional valve is formed so that a relationship of L 1 = L 2 = L 3 is established during the distance L 3 .

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