JP4087650B2 - Photocurable / thermosetting resin composition and cured product thereof - Google Patents
Photocurable / thermosetting resin composition and cured product thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4087650B2 JP4087650B2 JP2002203523A JP2002203523A JP4087650B2 JP 4087650 B2 JP4087650 B2 JP 4087650B2 JP 2002203523 A JP2002203523 A JP 2002203523A JP 2002203523 A JP2002203523 A JP 2002203523A JP 4087650 B2 JP4087650 B2 JP 4087650B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- epoxy compound
- photocurable
- acid
- epoxy
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 38
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 32
- -1 sebacic acid Cyclic dicarboxylic acid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical group CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical class C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N muconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHOJVZAEHZGDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 HHOJVZAEHZGDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N Muconic acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C/C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical group OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UMLWXYJZDNNBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-dimethylaminoacetophenone Natural products CN(C)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UMLWXYJZDNNBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical group C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine powder Natural products NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWLIYXJBOIDXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NN ZWLIYXJBOIDXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical class C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N dihydro-3-(1-octenyl)-2,5-furandione Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLNBQUAHERCLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylamino benzoate Chemical compound CN(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VLNBQUAHERCLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N epibromohydrin Chemical compound BrCC1CO1 GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORBFAMHUKZLWSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N(C)C ORBFAMHUKZLWSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1CCCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21C VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DFENKTCEEGOWLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=C)C(=O)N(NC)NC DFENKTCEEGOWLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAOPKYRWYXCGOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)methanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 JAOPKYRWYXCGOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1CO1 AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZESLRDFSNLECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOC1=CC=CC=C1 WZESLRDFSNLECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCDXIADKBDSBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanetriol Chemical compound OC(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CCDXIADKBDSBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCTJRYGLPAFRMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 QCTJRYGLPAFRMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical group COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical group CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0388—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the side chains of the photopolymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/20—Polyesters having been prepared in the presence of compounds having one reactive group or more than two reactive groups
- C08G63/21—Polyesters having been prepared in the presence of compounds having one reactive group or more than two reactive groups in the presence of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or unsaturated monohydric alcohols or reactive derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/08—Epoxidised polymerised polyenes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物に関し、更に詳しくは、いわゆるTAB(Tape Automated Bonding )、CSP(Chip Size Package)、TCP(Tape Carrier Package)に用いられる半導体キャリアテープや、COF(Chip on Film)等のフレキシブルプリント配線板のソルダーレジストとして好適な光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物、及びその硬化物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、プリント配線板のソルダーレジストとしては、高精度、高密度の観点から、紫外線照射後、現像することにより画像形成し、熱及び光照射で仕上げ硬化(本硬化)する液状現像型ソルダーレジストが広く使用されている。特に環境問題への配慮からは、現像液として希アルカリ水溶液を用いるアルカリ現像タイプの液状ソルダーレジストが主流になっている。
【0003】
このようなアルカリ現像タイプのソルダーレジストとしては、例えば、ノボラック型エポキシ化合物と不飽和モノカルボン酸の反応生成物に、飽和又は不飽和多塩基酸酸無水物を付加した感光性樹脂、光重合開始剤、希釈剤及びエポキシ化合物からなるソルダーレジスト組成物が提案されている(特開昭61−243869号公報参照)。
しかしながら、係る組成物では、テープキャリアーやフレキシブルプリント配線板用途において、屈曲性が悪く、しかも硬化後の反り量が大きいため、変形時のクラック発生や部品実装時の信頼性悪化を招きやすいといった問題があった。
【0004】
これに対し、ビスフェノールF(又はA)型多官能エポキシ化合物と不飽和モノカルボン酸の反応生成物に、酸無水物を付加した感光性樹脂からなるソルダーレジスト組成物が提案されている(特開平5−32746号公報参照)。
確かに、上記組成物によれば、耐屈曲性や硬化後の反り量は改善される。しかしながら、テープキャリアーやフレキシブルプリント配線板用途においては、インナーリード部などの変形を最小限にするために、通常のプリント配線板とは異なり、現像時に物理的な力を加えずに現像処理がなされる。その結果、上記組成物では、現像不良を生じやすく、ひいては現像残渣によりめっき強度や部品接合強度が低下し、接続信頼性に問題が発生する。
【0005】
また、テープキャリアーやフレキシブルプリント配線板用途においては、搬送方法にリール・to・リール(ロール・to・ロール)方式が採用されているので、配線板の一連の製造工程を連続で処理することができる。しかしながら、かかる方式では、乾燥時に溶剤が揮発しずらくなり、その結果、乾燥温度を高くしたり乾燥時間を長くする必要性が生じ、現像性低下の原因となった。
また、テープキャリアーやフレキシブルプリント配線板用途においては、搬送方法にリール・to・リール(ロール・to・ロール)方式が採用されているので、活性エネルギー線の照射には非接触露光方式が多く用いられている。そのため、露光時に酸素によるラジカル反応阻害が起こり、特に影響を受けやすいソルダーレジスト表面の硬化性が低下するという現象を招く結果、この表面硬化性の低下により、耐めっき性や耐薬品性の低下を招き、ひいては、めっき処理後にソルダーレジスト膜が剥離するといった不良の原因にもなっていた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明は、従来技術が抱える上記問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、その主たる目的は、屈曲性に優れ、かつ硬化後の反りが少なく、しかも現像性や光硬化性、耐めっき性の点でバランスのとれた特性を有するアルカリ可溶性の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物、及びその硬化物を提供することにある。
また本発明の他の目的は、テープキャリアーやフレキシブルプリント配線板のソルダーレジスト用途に用いて好適な光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物、及びその硬化物を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、上記目的の実現に向け鋭意研究した結果、以下に示す内容を要旨構成とする発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
即ち、本発明によれば、(A)下記一般式(1)で示される線状のビスフェノール型多官能エポキシ化合物(a)と、
【化4】
(式中、R1、R2は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R3は、水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、nは、1〜50の値を示す。)
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られる光硬化性樹脂と、
(B)下記一般式(2)に示される線状の多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)と、
【化5】
(式中、Mは、下記一般式(3)で示される基を示し、R4は、脂肪族又は芳香族多官能カルボン酸の残基を示し、mは、1〜50の値を示す。)
【化6】
(式中、R5,R6は、シクロヘキサン環又はベンゼン環を示し、R7,R8は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R9は、水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、kは、0〜25の値を示す。)
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られる光硬化性樹脂と、
(C)光重合開始剤、(D)エポキシ硬化触媒、(E)希釈剤、及び(F)1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物を含有することを特徴とするアルカリ水溶液により現像可能な光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物が提供される。
又、好ましい態様としては、前記多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)が、ビスフェノール型2官能エポキシ化合物に0.1〜100%核水素添加して得られた2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)と、1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)との重付加反応生成物である線状エポキシ樹脂の水酸基に、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)を反応させることにより得られる末端及び側鎖にエポキシ基を有する多官能エポキシ化合物であることを特徴とするアルカリ水溶液により現像可能な光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物が提供される。
更に、別の態様として、前記光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を活性エネルギー線照射及び/又は加熱により硬化させて得られる硬化物が提供される。
【0009】
このように本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と前記光硬化性樹脂(B)を併用して用いることにより、高感度であり、現像性に優れた組成物が提供され、なおかつ屈曲性に優れ、硬化後の反りが少なく、低誘電特性、密着性、耐無電解めっき性、電気特性、フレキシブル性、耐吸湿性並びにPCT(プレッシャークッカー)耐性等の特性に優れる硬化物を与えることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至ったものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、下記一般式(1)で示されるビスフエノール型多官能エポキシ化合物(a )と、
【化7】
(式中、R1、R2は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R3は、水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、nは、1〜50の値を示す。)
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られるカルボキシル基を有する光硬化性樹脂(A)と、
下記一般式(2)に示される多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)と、
【化8】
(式中、Mは、下記一般式(3)で示される基を示し、R4は、脂肪族又は芳香族多官能カルボン酸の残基を示し、mは、1〜50の値を示す。)
【化9】
(式中、R5,R6は、シクロヘキサン環又はベンゼン環を示し、R7,R8は、水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R9は、水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、kは、0〜25の値を示す。)
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られるカルボキシル基を有する光硬化性樹脂(B)と、光重合開始剤(C)、エポキシ硬化触媒(D)、希釈剤(E)、及び1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物(F)を含有することを必須としている。
また、好ましいものとして、前記多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)が、ビスフェノール型2官能エポキシ化合物に0.1〜100%核水素添加して得られた2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)と、1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)との重付加反応生成物である線状エポキシ化合物の水酸基に、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)を反応させることにより得られる末端及び側鎖にエポキシ基を有する多官能エポキシ化合物が用いられる。
【0011】
上記光硬化性樹脂(A)の主骨格となる一般式(1)で示されるビスフェノール型多官能エポキシ化合物のnの値が、1未満の場合、感光基密度が低くなり、耐現像性や硬化物の屈曲性が得られなくなるので好ましくなく、一方、nの値が50を超えた場合、現像性が低下するので好ましくない。
同様に、光硬化性樹脂(B)の主骨格となる一般式(2)で示される多官能エポキシ化合物のmの値が、1未満の場合、感光基密度が低くなり、耐現像性や硬化物の屈曲性が得られなくなるので好ましくなく、一方、nの値が50を超えた場合、現像性が低下するので好ましくない。
更に、光硬化性樹脂(B)の構成要素であるkの値が、25を越えた場合、得られる光硬化性樹脂(B)の分子量が増大し、現像性が低下するので好ましくない。
【0012】
本発明の光硬化性樹脂(B)は、前記一般式(2)で示されるように、エステル結合により規則的な繰り返しを持ち、また、構成要素である前記一般式(3)は、密着性に優れたエポキシ樹脂から誘導された構造であることから、その硬化物は、基材に対する密着性、耐無電解めっき性、電気特性、フレキシブル性、耐吸湿性並びにPCT耐性等に優れたものとなる。
更に、好ましいものとしては、ビスフェノール型2官能エポキシ化合物に0.1〜100%核水素添加して得られた2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)と、1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)との重付加反応生成物である線状エポキシ化合物の水酸基に、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)を反応させることにより得られる末端及び側鎖にエポキシ基を有する多官能エポキシ化合物が用いられる。このように、芳香環を核水素添加して得られるシクロヘキサン環は、プリント配線板製造に有用な紫外線の透過性が良く、光硬化性が改善され、高感度化が可能となり、誘電特性も改善される。
【0013】
本発明における光硬化性樹脂(A)は、前記一般式(1)で示されるビスフェノールF型あるいはビスフェノールA型2官能エポキシ化合物の水酸基に、エピハロヒドリンを反応させ、多官能化したビスフェノール型多官能エポキシ化合物(a)と、不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応生成物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させることにより得られる。
【0014】
前記ビスフェノール型多官能エポキシ化合物(a)は、具体的には、固形のビスフェノールF型あるいはビスフェノールA型2官能エポキシ化合物を、溶媒に溶解し、エピハロヒドリンとアルカリ金属水酸化物を反応させることにより、多官能化したものである。
【0015】
また、本発明に用いられる光硬化性樹脂(B)は、前記一般式(2)で示される多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)と、不飽和モノカルボン酸(b )との反応生成物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c )を反応させることにより得られる。
好ましいものとしては、前記多官能エポキシ化合物が、ビスフェノールA型及び/又はビスフェノールF型2官能エポキシ化合物に0.1〜100%核水素添加して得られた2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)と、1分子中に2個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)とを反応させ得られた水酸基に、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)を反応させることにより得られる末端及び側鎖にエポキシ基を有する多官能エポキシ化合物が用いられる。
【0016】
前記多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)は、具体的には、ビスフェノールA型及び/又はビスフェノールF型2官能エポキシ化合物と、1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)とを原料として、後述するような公知の触媒を用いて、交互に重合させることによって得られる末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ化合物を、溶媒に溶解し、エピハロヒドリンとアルカリ金属水酸化物を反応させることにより、多官能化したものである。
好ましいものとしては、前記多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)の原料となるビスフェノールA型及び/又はビスフェノールF型2官能エポキシ化合物の代わりに、ビスフェノール型2官能エポキシ化合物に0.1〜100%核水素添加して得られた2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)が用いられる。このように芳香環を核水素添加することにより、プリント配線板製造に有用に紫外線の透過性が上がり、光硬化性が改善され、又、誘電特性も改善される。
【0017】
前記核水素添加して得られる2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)としては、例えば、新日本理化社製の商品名「リカレジンHBE」、東都化成社製の商品名「サントートST−3000」、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製の商品名「エピコートYX8000」、「エピコートYL6753」等が挙げられるが、電気特性面から、2官能芳香族エポキシ化合物に、ロジウム及び/又はルテニウム担持触媒を用いて、芳香環のみを選択的に核水素添加して製造されたジャパンエポキシレジン社製の商品名「エピコートYX8000」、「エピコートYL6753」が特に好ましい。
【0018】
前記1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)としては、例えば、1,4−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロイソフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロテレフタル酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、コハク酸、アジピン酸、ムコン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸、2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルコハク酸と無水フタル酸の付加物などが挙げられるが、紫外線の透過性、柔軟性付与の面から、1,4−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロイソフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロテレフタル酸、アジピン酸、ムコン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸など脂肪族又は脂環式のジカルボン酸化合物が特に好ましい。これらを単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
【0019】
これら1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)と前記2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)の反応に用いられる触媒としては、エポキシ基とカルボキシル基が定量的に反応するホスフィン類、アルカリ金属化合物、アミン類を単独で又は併用して用いることができる。
【0020】
これら反応触媒の具体例としては、トリブチルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィン等のトリアルキルもしくはトリアリールホスフィン又はこれらと酸化物との塩類などホスフィン類;ナトリウム、リチウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物、ハロゲン化物、アルコラート、アミドなど;トリエタノールアミン、N,N−ジメチルピペラジン、トリエチルアミン、トリ−n−プロピルアミン、ヘキサメチレンテトラミン、ピリジン、テトラメチルアンモニウムブロマイドなどの脂肪族又は芳香族の第一級、第二級、第三級、第四級アミン類などが挙げられ、これらを単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
【0021】
これらの触媒の使用量は、2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)のエポキシ基1モル(1当量)に対して、0.1〜25モル%の割合であることが望ましく、さらに好ましくは0.5〜20モル%の割合であり、より好ましくは1〜15モル%の割合である。この理由は、触媒の使用量が0.1モル%よりも少ない割合の場合、反応に時間がかかり経済的でなく、一方、25モル%を超える場合、逆に反応が早いため制御し難くなるので好ましくない。
【0022】
これらの重付加反応は、不活性ガス気流中あるいは空気中で、前記触媒の共存下、約50〜200℃の温度範囲で行なうことが好ましく、さらに好ましくは約80℃〜150℃である。反応温度が50℃よりも低い場合、反応が進行し難くなるので好ましくない。一方、200℃を超えた場合、生成物の水酸基とエポキシ基の副反応が進行し、ゲル化を生じ易くなるので好ましくない。反応時間は、原料の反応性、反応温度に応じて適時選択すればよいが、約5〜72時間が好適である。
【0023】
更に、前記エピハロヒドリン(b−3)としては、例えば、エピクロルヒドリン、エピブロムヒドリン、エピヨードヒドリン、β−メチルエピクロルヒドリン、β−メチルエピブロムヒドリン、β−メチルエピヨードヒドリンなどが用いられる。
【0024】
前記一般式(2)で示されるような線状の多官能エポキシ化合物の合成において、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)の使用量は、前記末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ化合物のアルコール性水酸基1当量に対して、0.1倍当量以上使用すればよい。但し、水酸基1当量に対して15倍当量を超える量の使用は、容積効率が悪くなるので好ましくない。
【0025】
この反応に用いられる溶媒としては、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド等の非プロトン性極性溶媒;トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系などの公知の溶媒が挙げられる。この溶媒の使用量は、前記2官能エポキシ化合物(b−1)と、1分子中に少なくとも2つのカルボキシル基を有する化合物(b−2)の反応によって得られた末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ化合物に対して、5〜300質量%の割合が好ましい。溶媒の使用量が5質量%未満では、アルコール性水酸基とエピハロヒドリンとの反応が遅くなり、一方、300質量%を超えると容積効率が悪くなるので好ましくない。
【0026】
また、アルカリ金属水酸化物としては、苛性ソーダ、苛性カリ、水酸化リチウム、水酸化カルシウムなどが使用でき、特に苛性ソーダが好ましい。このアルカリ金属水酸化物の使用量は、前記末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ化合物におけるエポキシ化したいアルコール性水酸基1モルに対して、0.5〜2モルとすることが好ましい。
【0027】
上記エピハロヒドリン(b−3)の付加反応の温度は、20〜100℃が好ましい。付加反応の温度が、20℃未満であると反応が遅くなり、長時間の反応が必要となり、一方、反応温度が、100℃を超えると副反応が多く起こるので好ましくない。
【0028】
また、前記末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ化合物のアルコール性水酸基に対するエピハロヒドリン(b−3)の付加反応は、ジメチルスルホキシド又は四級アンモニウム塩又は1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリンとアルカリ金属水酸化物の共存下、該アルカリ金属水酸化物の量を調整することにより行なうこともできる。その際、溶媒としてメタノールやエタノール等のアルコール類;トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類;メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類;テトラヒドロフラン等の環状エーテル化合物などを併用しても構わない。
【0029】
前記四級アンモニウム塩の具体例としては、テトラメチルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラメチルアンモニウムブロマイド、トリメチルアンモニウムクロライドなどが挙げられ、その使用量は原料として使用する末端エポキシ基の線状エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ化させたい水酸基1モルに対して、0.3〜45モル%の割合が好ましい。上記使用量が、0.3モル%未満の場合、エピハロヒドリン(b−3)の付加反応が遅くなり、長時間の反応が必要となるので好ましくない。一方、45モル%を超えると、増量した効果は殆どなくなると共に、コストが高くなり好ましくない。
【0030】
このようにして得られた多官能エポキシ化合物(a)又は(a’)に反応させる不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)の代表的なものとしては、アクリル酸、メタアクリル酸、ケイ皮酸、クロトン酸、ソルビン酸、α−シアノケイ皮酸、β−スチリルアクリル酸などの他、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、フェニルグリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリル酸カプロラクトン付加物など水酸基含有アクリレートの不飽和二塩基酸無水物付加物などが挙げられる。不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)の中でも特に好ましいのは、アクリル酸及びメタアクリル酸である。これら不飽和モノカルボン酸は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。なお、ここで「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、アクリル酸とメタアクリル酸を総称する用語であり、他の類似の表現についても同様である。
【0031】
上記飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)としては、メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水ナジック酸、3,6−エンドメチレンテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルエンドメチレンテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、テトラブロモ無水フタル酸等の脂環式二塩基酸無水物;無水コハク酸、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸、オクテニル無水コハク酸、ペンタドデセニル無水コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水トリメリット酸等の脂肪族又は芳香族二塩基酸無水物、あるいはビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルエーテルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、無水ピロメリット酸、ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等の脂肪族又は芳香族四塩基酸二無水物が挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。これらの中でも、脂環式二塩基酸無水物が特に好ましい。
【0032】
これら飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)の使用量は、得られる光硬化性樹脂(A)及び(B)の酸価が、50〜200mgKOH/g、好ましくは50〜120mgKOH/gの範囲内となるような付加量とすることが望ましい。光硬化性樹脂の酸価が、50mgKOH/gよりも低いときは、アルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性が悪くなり、形成した塗膜の現像が困難になる。一方、200mgKOH/gよりも高くなると、露光の条件によらず露光部の表面まで現像されてしまい、好ましくない。
【0033】
本発明の光硬化性樹脂は、前記した光硬化性樹脂(A)と、前記した光硬化性樹脂(B)とを併用してなる。混合比率に限定はないが、現像性や光硬化性のバランスの見地から、光硬化性樹脂(A)100部に対して、光硬化性樹脂(B)を10〜500部併用することが好ましい。
【0034】
前記光重合開始剤(C)としては、例えば、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル、ベンゾインエチルエーテル、ベンゾインイソプロピルエーテル等のベンゾインとベンゾインアルキルエーテル類;アセトフェノン、2,2−ジメトキシ−2−フェニルアセトフェノン、2,2−ジエトキシ−2−フェニルアセトフェノン、1,1−ジクロロアセトフェノン等のアセトフェノン類;2−メチル−1−[4−(メチルチオ)フェニル]−2−モルホリノアミノプロパノン−1、2−ベンジル−2−ジメチルアミノ−1−(4−モルホリノフェニル)−ブタン−1−オン、N,N−ジメチルアミノアセトフェノン等のアミノアセトフェノン類;2−メチルアントラキノン、2−エチルアントラキノン、2−t−ブチルアントラキノン、1−クロロアントラキノン等のアントラキノン類;2,4−ジメチルチオキサントン、2,4−ジエチルチオキサントン、2−クロロチオキサントン、2,4−ジイソプロピルチオキサントン等のチオキサントン類;アセトフェノンジメチルケタール、ベンジルジメチルケタール等のケタール類;ベンゾフェノン、4,4´−ビスジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン類又はキサントン類;2,4,6−トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイドなどが挙げられる。これら公知慣用の光重合開始剤は、単独で又は2種類以上の混合物として使用でき、さらにはN,N−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸エチルエステル、N,N−ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミルエステル、ペンチル−4−ジメチルアミノベンゾエート、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン等の三級アミン類などの光開始助剤を加えることができる。また可視光領域に吸収のあるCGI−784(チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製)等のチタノセン化合物等も、光反応を促進するために添加することもできる。特に好ましい光重合開始剤は、2−メチル−1−[4−(メチルチオ)フェニル]−2−モルホリノアミノプロパノン−1、2−ベンジル−2−ジメチルアミノ−1−(4−モルホリノフェニル)−ブタン−1−オン等であるが、特にこれらに限られるものではなく、紫外光もしくは可視光領域で光を吸収し、(メタ)アクリロイル基等の不飽和基をラジカル重合させるものであれば、光重合開始剤、光開始助剤に限らず、単独であるいは複数併用して使用できる。
【0035】
前記光重合開始剤(光開始助剤を用いる場合にはそれらの合計量)の使用量は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部(固形分として、以下同様)に対して、0.1〜25質量部、好ましくは0.5〜20質量部の割合が望ましい。光重合開始剤の配合量が上記範囲よりも少ない場合、活性エネルギー線の照射を行なっても硬化しないか、もしくは照射時間を増やす必要があり、適切な塗膜物性が得られ難くなる。一方、上記範囲よりも多量に光重合開始剤を添加しても、光硬化性に変化は無く、経済的に好ましくない。
【0036】
前記エポキシ硬化触媒(D)としては、例えば、イミダゾール、2−メチルイミダゾール、2−エチルイミダゾール、2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール、2−フェニルイミダゾール、4−フェニルイミダゾール、1−シアノエチル−2−フェニルイミダゾール、1−シアノエチル−2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール等のイミダゾール誘導体;ジシアンジアミド、ベンジルジメチルアミン、4−(ジメチルアミノ)−N,N−ジメチルベンジルアミン、4−メトキシ−N,N−ジメチルベンジルアミン、4−メチル−N,N−ジメチルベンジルアミン等のアミン化合物、アジピン酸ジヒドラジド、セバシン酸ジヒドラジド等の有機酸ヒドラジド化合物;トリフェニルホスフィン等のリン化合物など、また市販されているものとしては、例えば四国化成工業社製の2MZ−A、2MZ−OK、2PHZ、2P4BHZ、2P4MHZ(いずれもイミダゾール系化合物の商品名)、サンアプロ社製のU−CAT3502T、U−CAT3503N(いずれもジメチルアミンのブロックイソシアネート化合物の商品名)、DBU、DBN、U−CATSA102、U−CAT5002(いずれも二環式アミジン化合物及びその塩)などがある。特に、これらに限られるものではなく、エポキシ樹脂の硬化触媒、もしくはエポキシ基とカルボキシル基の反応を促進するものであればよく、単独で又は2種以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。また、密着性付与剤としても機能するグアナミン、アセトグアナミン、ベンゾグアナミン、メラミン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−メタクリロイルオキシエチル−S−トリアジン、2−ビニル−4,6−ジアミノ−S−トリアジン、2−ビニル−4,6−ジアミノ−S−トリアジン・イソシアヌル酸付加物、2,4−ジアミノ−6−メタクリロイルオキシエチル−S−トリアジン・イソシアヌル酸付加物等のS−トリアジン誘導体を用いることもでき、好ましくはこれら密着性付与剤としても機能する化合物を前記エポキシ硬化触媒と併用する。
上記エポキシ硬化触媒(D)の配合量は通常の量的割合で充分であり、例えば前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部に対して0.1〜20質量部、好ましくは0.5〜15.0質量部の割合である。
【0037】
次に、前記希釈剤(E)としては、光重合性ビニル系モノマー及び/又は有機溶剤が使用できる。
光重合性ビニル系モノマーの代表的なものとしては、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレートなどのヒドロキシアルキルアクリレート類;エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールなどのグリコールのモノ又はジアクリレート類;N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミドなどのアクリルアミド類;N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリレートなどのアミノアルキルアクリレート類;ヘキサンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリス−ヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレートなどの多価アルコール又はこれらのエチレオキサイド付加物もしくはプロピレンオキサイド付加物などの多価アクリレート類;フェノキシアクリレート、ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、及びこれらのフェノール類のエチレンオキサイド付加物もしくはプロピレンオキサイド付加物などのアクリレート類;グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリントリグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレートなどのグリシジルエーテルのアクリレート類;及びメラミンアクリレート、及び/又は上記アクリレートに対応する各メタクリレート類などがある。
【0038】
前記有機溶剤としては、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;トルエン、キシレン、テトラメチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類;セロソルブ、メチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、カルビトール、メチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル及び上記グリコールエーテル類の酢酸エステル化物などのエステル類;エタノール、プロパノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等のアルコール類;オクタン、デカン等の脂肪族炭化水素;石油エーテル、石油ナフサ、水添石油ナフサ、ソルベントナフサ等の石油系溶剤などが挙げられ、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)及び(B)と相溶性が良く、且つ粉体エポキシ化合物を溶解しないものが好ましい。
【0039】
前記のような希釈剤(E)は、単独で又は2種以上の混合物として用いられ、使用量の好適な範囲は、光重合性ビニル系モノマーを用いる場合は、光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部に対して、10〜60質量部、好ましくは15〜50質量部の割合が望ましく、これより多量に使用した場合は、指触乾燥性が悪くなるので好ましくない。一方、有機溶剤の使用量は特定の割合に限定されるものではないが、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部に対して30〜300質量部程度の範囲が適当であり、選択する塗布方法に応じて適宜設定できる。
【0040】
前記希釈剤(E)の使用目的は、光重合性ビニル系モノマーの場合は、感光性成分を希釈せしめ、塗布しやすい状態にすると共に、光重合性を増強するものである。一方、有機溶剤の場合は、感光性成分を溶解し希釈せしめ、それによって液状として塗布し、次いで乾燥させることにより造膜せしめ、接触露光を可能とするためである。従って、用いる希釈剤に応じて、フォトマスクを塗膜に密着させる接触方式あるいは非接触方式のいずれかの露光方式が用いられる。
【0041】
前記一分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物(F)としては、具体的には、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコート828、エピコート834、エピコート1001、エピコート1004、大日本インキ化学工業社製のエピクロン840、エピクロン850、エピクロン1050、エピクロン2055、東都化成社製のエポトートYD−011、YD−013、YD−127、YD−128、ダウケミカル社製のD.E.R.317、D.E.R.331、D.E.R.661、D.E.R.664、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社のアラルダイド6071、アラルダイド6084、アラルダイドGY250、アラルダイドGY260、住友化学工業社製のスミ−エポキシESA−011、ESA−014、ELA−115、ELA−128、旭化成工業社製のA.E.R.330、A.E.R.331、A.E.R.661、A.E.R.664等(何れも商品名)のビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコートYL903、大日本インキ化学工業社製のエピクロン152、エピクロン165、東都化成社製のエポトートYDB−400、YDB−500、ダウケミカル社製のD.E.R.542、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイド8011、住友化学工業社製のスミ−エポキシESB−400、ESB−700、旭化成工業社製のA.E.R.711、A.E.R.714等(何れも商品名)のブロム化エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコート152、エピコート154、ダウケミカル社製のD.E.N.431、D.E.N.438、大日本インキ化学工業社製のエピクロンN−730、エピクロンN−770、エピクロンN−865、東都化成社製のエポトートYDCN−701、YDCN−704、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドECN1235、アラルダイドECN1273、アラルダイドECN1299、アラルダイドXPY307、日本化薬社製のEPPN−201、EOCN−1025、EOCN−1020、EOCN−104S、RE−306、住友化学工業社製のスミ−エポキシESCN−195X、ESCN−220、旭化成工業社製のA.E.R.ECN−235、ECN−299等(何れも商品名)のノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;大日本インキ化学工業社製のエピクロン830、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製エピコート807、東都化成社製のエポトートYDF−170、YDF−175、YDF−2004、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドXPY306等(何れも商品名)のビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂;東都化成社製のサントートST−3000、新日本理化社製のリカレジンHBE、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコートYX8000等(何れも商品名)の水添ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコート604、東都化成社製のエポトートYH−434、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドMY720、住友化学工業社製のスミ−エポキシELM−120等(何れも商品名)のグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂;チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドCY−350(商品名)等のヒダントイン型エポキシ樹脂;ダイセル化学工業社製のセロキサイド2021、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドCY175、CY179等(何れも商品名)の脂環式エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のYL−933、ダウケミカル社製のT.E.N.、EPPN−501、EPPN−502等(何れも商品名)のトリヒドロキシフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のYL−6056、YX−4000、YL−6121(何れも商品名)等のビキシレノール型もしくはビフェノール型エポキシ樹脂又はそれらの混合物;日本化薬社製EBPS−200、旭電化工業社製EPX−30、大日本インキ化学工業社製のEXA−1514(商品名)等のビスフェノールS型エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコート157S(商品名)等のビスフェノールAノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;ジャパンエポキシレジン社製のエピコートYL−931、チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイド163等(何れも商品名)のテトラフェニロールエタン型エポキシ樹脂;チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製のアラルダイドPT810、日産化学工業社製のTEPIC等(何れも商品名)の複素環式エポキシ樹脂;日本油脂社製ブレンマーDGT等のジグリシジルフタレート樹脂;東都化成社製ZX−1063等のテトラグリシジルキシレノイルエタン樹脂;新日鉄化学社製ESN−190、ESN−360、大日本インキ化学工業社製HP−4032、EXA−4750、EXA−4700等のナフタレン基含有エポキシ樹脂;大日本インキ化学工業社製HP−7200、HP−7200H等のジシクロペンタジエン骨格を有するエポキシ樹脂;日本油脂社製CP−50S、CP−50M等のグリシジルメタアクリレート共重合系エポキシ樹脂;さらにシクロヘキシルマレイミドとグリシジルメタアクリレートの共重合エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられるが、これらに限られるものではない。これらエポキシ樹脂は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの中でも特にビフェノール型もしくはビキシレノール型エポキシ樹脂又はそれらの混合物が好ましい。
【0042】
上記のような多官能のエポキシ化合物(F)は、熱硬化することにより、ソルダーレジストに必要なの密着性、耐熱性等の特性を向上させる。その配合量は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部に対して、10質量部以上、100質量部以下で充分であり、好ましくは25〜60質量部の割合である。多官能のエポキシ化合物(F)の配合量が、10質量部未満の場合、硬化皮膜の吸湿性が高くなってPCT耐性が低下し易くなり、また、はんだ耐熱性や耐無電解めっき性も低くなり易い。一方、100質量部を超えると、塗膜の現像性や硬化皮膜の耐無電解めっき性が悪くなり、またPCT耐性も劣ったものとなる。
【0043】
本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物には、フレキシブル性と強靭性を付与することを目的として、エポキシ化ポリブタジエン(G)を配合することができる。このエポキシ化ポリブタジエン(G)としては、例えばダイセル化学工業社製エポリードPB3600、PB4700等があり、その配合量は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部当たり、5〜50質量部とすることが望ましい。
さらに、フレキシブル性と低反りを付与することを目的として、平均粒径1〜15μmの球状ウレタンビーズ(H)を配合することができる。この球状ウレタンビーズ(H)の配合量は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部当たり、0〜100質量部とすることが望ましい。
【0044】
本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物には、さらに必要に応じて、硫酸バリウム、チタン酸バリウム、酸化ケイ素紛、微粉状酸化ケイ素、無定形シリカ、結晶性シリカ、溶融シリカ、球状シリカ、タルク、クレー、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、マイカ等の公知慣用の無機フィラーを単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて配合することができる。これらは塗膜の硬化収縮を抑制し、密着性、硬度などの特性を向上させる目的で用いられる。無機フィラーの配合量は、前記光硬化性樹脂(A)と光硬化性樹脂(B)の合計が100質量部当り、0〜300質量部、好ましくは20〜200質量部が適当である。
【0045】
本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、さらに必要に応じてフタロシアニン・ブルー、フタロシアニン・グリーン、アイオジン・グリーン、ジスアゾイエロー、クリスタルバイオレット、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、ナフタレンブラックなどの公知慣用の着色剤、ハイドロキノン、ハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、t−ブチルカテコール、ピロガロール、フェノチアジンなどの公知慣用の熱重合禁止剤、微粉シリカ、有機ベントナイト、モンモリロナイトなどの公知慣用の増粘剤、シリコーン系、フッ素系、高分子系などの消泡剤及び/又はレベリング剤、イミダゾール系、チアゾール系、トリアゾール系等のシランカップリング剤などのような公知慣用の添加剤類を配合することができる。
【0046】
以上のような組成を有する本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて希釈して塗布方法に適した粘度に調整し、これを例えば、回路形成されたプリント配線板にスクリーン印刷法、カーテンコート法、スプレーコート法、ロールコート法等の方法により塗布し、例えば約60〜100℃の温度で組成物中に含まれる有機溶剤を揮発乾燥させることにより、塗膜を形成できる。
【0047】
あるいは、下記のように前記組成物をドライフィルム化し回路形成されたプリント配線板にラミネートし、光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物の塗膜を形成できる。
ドライフィルム化に際しては、本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を適切な粘度に前記有機溶剤で希釈し、支持体フィルム上にフィルムコーター等で塗布・乾燥して、ドライフィルムを作製することができる。塗布膜厚としては、乾燥後で、通常15〜80μm、好ましくは20〜60μmである。
支持体に上記組成物を塗布する方法としては、例えば、ナイフコーター塗布、コンマコーター塗布、ダイコーター塗布、グラビアコーター塗布、ロールコータ塗布、スプレーコーター塗布等で行なうことができる。また、支持体フィルムとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム等のポリエステルフィルム、ポリアミドイミドフィルム、ポリプロピレンフィルム、ポリスチレンフィルム等のフィルムを用いることができる。
【0048】
支持体上に上記組成物を塗布した後、通常、50〜130℃の温度で1〜30分間乾燥して膜を得ることができる。さらに、膜の表面に塵が付着するのを防ぐなどの目的で、膜の表面に剥離可能なカバーフィルムを積層することが望ましい。
剥離可能なカバーフィルムとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンフィルム、ポリプロピレンフィルム、表面処理した紙等を用いることができ、カバーフィルムを剥離するときに膜と支持体との接着力よりも膜とカバーフィルムとの接着力がより小さいものであればよい。
【0049】
その後、上記いずれかの方法で作製した塗膜を、所定のパターンを形成したフォトマスクを通して選択的に活性エネルギー線により露光し、未露光部を希アルカリ水溶液により現像してレジストパターンを形成でき、さらに、活性エネルギー線の照射後加熱硬化もしくは加熱硬化後活性エネルギー線の照射、又は、加熱硬化のみで最終硬化(本硬化)させることにより、低誘電特性、密着性、耐無電解めっき性、電気特性、フレキシブル性、耐吸湿性並びにPCT(プレッシャークッカー)耐性に優れた硬化皮膜(ソルダーレジスト皮膜)が形成される。
【0050】
なお、 上記アルカリ水溶液としては、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、アンモニア、アミン類などのアルカリ水溶液が使用できる。
また、光硬化させるための照射光源としては、低圧水銀灯、中圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、キセノンランプ又はメタルハライドランプなどが適当である。その他、レーザー光線なども活性エネルギー線として利用できる。
【0051】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を示して本発明について具体的に説明するが、本発明が下記実施例に限定されるものでないことはもとよりである。なお、以下において「部」及び「%」とあるのは、特に断りのない限り全て質量基準である。
【0052】
【光硬化性樹脂(A)の合成例】
ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量950g/eq、軟化点85℃、平均重合度n=6.2)380部とエピクロルヒドリン925部をジメチルスルホキシド462.5部に溶解させた後、攪拌下70℃で純度98.5%NaOH60.9部(1.5モル)を100分かけて添加した。添加後さらに70℃で3時間反応を行った。反応終了後、水250部を加え水洗を行った。油水分離後、油層よりジメチルスルホキシドの大半及び過剰の未反応エピクロルヒドリンを減圧下に蒸留回収し、残留した複製塩とジメチルスルホキシドを含む反応生成物をメチルイソブチルケトン750部に溶解させ、更に30%NaOH水溶液10部を加え、70℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、水200部で2回水洗を行った。油水分離後、油層よりチルイソブチルケトンを蒸留回収して、エポキシ当量310g/eq、軟化点69℃のエポキシ樹脂(a)を得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(a)は、エポキシ当量から計算すると、前記出発物質ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂におけるアルコール性水酸基6.2個のうち約5個がエポキシ化されたものであった。このエポキシ樹脂(a)310部及びカルビトールアセテート282部を攪拌機及び還流冷却器の付いた四つ口フラスコに仕込み、90℃で加熱・攪拌し、溶解した。得られた溶液を一旦60℃まで冷却し、アクリル酸72部、メチルハイドロキノン0.5部、トリフェニルホスフィン2部を加え、100℃に加熱し、約60時間反応させ、酸価が0.2mgKOH/gの反応物を得た。これにテトラヒドロフタル酸無水物140部を加え、90℃に加熱し、固形分酸価が100mgKOH/gになるまで反応を行い、光硬化性樹脂(A)を65%含有する溶液を得た。以下、この溶液をワニスAと称す。
【0053】
【光硬化性樹脂(B)の合成例】
ガス導入管、撹拌装置、冷却管及び温度計を備えたフラスコに、1,4−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸172部とエポキシ当量176g/当量の水素添加ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル(ジャパンエポキシレジン社製、「YX8000」)880部を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下にて、100℃で撹拌した。その後、トリフェニルホスフィン0.65部を添加し、フラスコ内の温度を150℃まで昇温し、温度を150℃で保持しながら、約90分間反応させ、エポキシ当量438g/当量の線状のエポキシ化合物を得た。
次に、フラスコ内の温度を70℃以下まで冷却し、エピクロルヒドリン780部、ジメチルスルホキシド635部を加え、撹拌下70℃まで昇温し保持した。その後、純度96%水酸化ナトリウム150部を90分間かけて分割添加した後、さらに3時間反応させた。反応終了後、過剰のエピクロルヒドリン及びジメチルスルホキシドの大半を120℃、50mmHgの減圧下にて蒸留し、副生塩とジメチルスルホキシドを含む反応生成物をメチルイソブチルケトンに溶解させ水洗した。その後、油層よりメチルイソブチルケトンを蒸留回収して、エポキシ当量247g/当量の多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)を得た。
次に、多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)494部を、撹拌装置、冷却管及び温度計を備えたフラスコに入れ、カルビトールアセテート400部を加え、加熱溶解し、メチルハイドロキノン0.46部と、トリフェニルホスフィン1.38部を加え、95〜105℃に加熱し、アクリル酸350部を徐々に滴下し、20時間反応させた。この反応生成物を、80〜90℃まで冷却し、テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物300部を加え、8時間反応させた。反応は、電位差滴定による反応液の酸価、全酸価測定を行ない、得られる付加率にて追跡し、反応率95%以上を終点とする。
このようにして得られたカルボキシル基含有の光硬化性樹脂(B)溶液は、固形物の酸価89.2mgKOH/gであった。以下、この光硬化性樹脂(B)溶液をワニスBと称す。
【0054】
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜2
前記合成例得られた各ワニスを用いた表1に示す配合成分を、3本ロールミルで混練し、光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。各組成物の特性値を表2に示す。
【0055】
【表1】
【0056】
【表2】
なお、上記表2中の性能試験の方法は、以下の通りである。
【0057】
(1)現像性
上記各実施例及び比較例の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を、パターン形成された銅箔基板上にスクリーン印刷で全面塗布し、80℃で30分、40分、50分、及び60分乾燥し、室温まで放冷した後、30℃の1%Na2CO3水溶液をスプレー圧0.2MPaの条件で60秒間現像を行ない、乾燥塗膜の現像残りの有無を目視で確認した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:完全に現像されている。
△:一部塗膜が残っている。
×:塗膜が完全に残っている。
【0058】
(2)感度
上記各実施例及び比較例の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を、銅箔基板上にスクリーン印刷で全面塗布し、80℃で30分乾燥し、室温まで放冷した後、ステップタブレットを用いて露光量100、200、300、400及び500mJ/cm2の条件で露光し、30℃の1%Na2CO3水溶液をスプレー圧0.2MPaの条件で60秒間現像を行ない、残存段数の評価を行なう。
【0059】
(3)引張弾性率、(4)伸び率(引張破壊伸び)
下記の方法で作製した評価サンプルの引張弾性率、伸び率(引張破壊伸び)を引張−圧縮試験機(株式会社島津製作所製)によって測定した。
予め水洗・乾燥を行なったテフロン(登録商標)板に、上記各実施例及び比較例の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物をスクリーン印刷法で塗布し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、80℃で30分乾燥させた。これを室温まで冷却した後、露光量100mJ/cm2の条件で露光し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、150℃で60分間熱硬化を行なった。これを室温まで冷却した後、テフロン(登録商標)板から硬化塗膜をはがし、評価サンプルを得た。
【0060】
上記各実施例及び比較例の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を、所定の配線パターンを有する銅箔基板上にスクリーン印刷法で塗布し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、80℃で30分乾燥させた。これを室温まで冷却した後、露光量300mJ/cm2の条件で露光し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、150℃で60分間熱硬化を行ない、その後室温まで冷却し、試験板を作製した。試験板について無電解金めっき耐性、PCT耐性、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性、密着性の試験を行なった。試験方法及び評価方法は以下の通りである。
【0061】
(5)無電解金めっき耐性
上記の試験板を、市販の無電解ニッケルめっき液と無電解金めっき液を用いて、無電解金めっきを行なった。
このめっき後の試験板について、セロハン粘着テープによるピールテストを行ない、レジスト層の剥がれについて評価した。
○: 全く変化が認められないもの
△: ほんの僅か剥がれの変化があるもの
×: レジスト層全体に剥がれがあるもの
【0062】
(6)PCT耐性
上記のようにして得られた試験板を、室温まで冷却した後、PCT装置(TABAI ESPEC HAST SYSTEM TPC−412MD)を用いて、121℃、2気圧の条件で168時間処理し、硬化皮膜の状態を評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:剥がれ、変色そして溶出なし。
△:剥がれ、変色そして溶出のいずれかあり。
×:剥がれ、変色そして溶出が多く見られる。
【0063】
(7)耐酸性試験
上記のようにして得られた試験板を、10容量%硫酸水溶液に、20℃で30分間浸漬後取り出し、塗膜の状態と密着性とを総合的に判定評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:変化が認められないもの
△:ほんの僅か変化しているもの
×:塗膜にフクレあるいは膨潤脱落があるもの
【0064】
(8)耐アルカリ性試験
上記のようにして得られた試験板を10質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に、20℃で30分間浸漬後取り出し、塗膜の状態と密着性とを総合的に判定評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:変化が認められないもの
△:ほんの僅か変化しているもの
×:塗膜にフクレあるいは膨潤脱落があるもの
【0065】
(9)密着性
JIS D 0202の試験方法に従って、上記試験板にクロスカットを入れ、次いでセロハン粘着テープによるピーリングテスト後の剥がれの状態を目視判定した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:全く剥がれが認められないもの
△:ほんの僅か剥がれたもの
×:完全に剥がれたもの
【0066】
上記各実施例及び比較例の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を、ポリイミドフィルム(東レ・デュポン社製カプトン200H)にスクリーン印刷法で塗布し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、80℃で30分乾燥させた。これを室温まで冷却した後、露光量300mJ/cm2の条件で露光し、熱風循環式乾燥炉を用いて、150℃で60分間熱硬化を行ない、その後室温まで冷却し、試験サンプルを作製した。このサンプルを用いて耐折り曲げ性、及び反りの試験を行なった。
(10)耐折り曲げ性
上記したサンプルを、幅1cm、長さ10cmに裁断し、塗膜面を外側に180℃折り曲げを行い、クラックの有無を観察した。
○:クラックの発生が見られないもの
×:クラックの発生が見られるもの
【0067】
(11)反り
上記のように作製したサンプルを、5cm四方に裁断し、水平な場所にサンプルを置き、ノギスを用いて、反り量を測定した。
○:反り量が1mm未満
△:反り量が1mm以上3mm未満
×:反り量が3mm以上
【0068】
表2に示す結果から明らかな如く、本発明の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物から得られた硬化物は、誘電特性に優れ、吸水率、密着性、電気絶縁抵抗、硬度、耐薬品性、PCT耐性等にも優れた特性を有している。これに対して、比較例2の芳香族環を有した感光性樹脂(A)単独の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物から得られた硬化物は、現像性、感度、PCT耐性等が劣っていた。また、比較例1のシクロヘキサン環を有した感光性樹脂(B)単独の光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物から得られた硬化物は、伸び率、反りが劣っていた。
【0069】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物を用いることにより、現像性、光硬化性などの作業性に優れ、TAB、CSP、TCPに用いられる半導体キャリアテープや、COF等のフレキシブルプリント配線板に必要な無電解金めっき耐性、PCT耐性、屈曲性に優れ、反りの少ない硬化物(塗膜)を形成することができ、信頼性の高いフレキシブルプリント配線板を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a photocurable / thermosetting resin composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to a semiconductor carrier tape used for so-called TAB (Tape Automated Bonding), CSP (Chip Size Package), TCP (Tape Carrier Package), and COF. The present invention relates to a photocurable thermosetting resin composition suitable as a solder resist for flexible printed wiring boards such as (Chip on Film), and a cured product thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, as a solder resist for printed wiring boards, from the viewpoint of high accuracy and high density, there is a liquid development type solder resist that forms an image by developing after ultraviolet irradiation and is finally cured (main curing) by heat and light irradiation. Widely used. In particular, from the viewpoint of environmental problems, an alkali development type liquid solder resist using a dilute alkaline aqueous solution as a developer has become the mainstream.
[0003]
As such an alkali development type solder resist, for example, a photosensitive resin obtained by adding a saturated or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride to a reaction product of a novolak type epoxy compound and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, photopolymerization initiation A solder resist composition comprising an agent, a diluent and an epoxy compound has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243869).
However, in such a composition, the tape carrier and the flexible printed wiring board are not flexible, and the amount of warping after curing is large, so that there is a problem that cracking during deformation and reliability deterioration during component mounting are likely to occur. was there.
[0004]
On the other hand, a solder resist composition comprising a photosensitive resin in which an acid anhydride is added to a reaction product of a bisphenol F (or A) type polyfunctional epoxy compound and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 9 (1994)). No. 5-32746).
Certainly, according to the above composition, the bending resistance and the amount of warping after curing are improved. However, in tape carrier and flexible printed wiring board applications, unlike ordinary printed wiring boards, development processing is performed without applying physical force to minimize deformation of the inner lead part. The As a result, the above composition tends to cause poor development, and as a result, the plating strength and component bonding strength are lowered due to the development residue, resulting in a problem in connection reliability.
[0005]
In tape carrier and flexible printed wiring board applications, the reel-to-reel (roll-to-roll) system is adopted as the transport method, so that a series of manufacturing processes for wiring boards can be processed continuously. it can. However, in such a system, the solvent is difficult to volatilize during drying, and as a result, it becomes necessary to increase the drying temperature and lengthen the drying time, which causes a decrease in developability.
In tape carrier and flexible printed wiring board applications, the reel-to-reel (roll-to-roll) method is adopted as the transport method, so the non-contact exposure method is often used for irradiation with active energy rays. It has been. Therefore, radical reaction inhibition by oxygen occurs at the time of exposure, resulting in a phenomenon that the curability of the particularly sensitive solder resist surface is reduced, and this decrease in surface curability reduces the plating resistance and chemical resistance. As a result, the solder resist film is peeled off after the plating process.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its main purpose is excellent flexibility, little warping after curing, and developability, photocurability, resistance to resistance. An object is to provide an alkali-soluble photocurable / thermosetting resin composition having balanced properties in terms of plating properties, and a cured product thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a photocurable / thermosetting resin composition suitable for use as a solder resist for a tape carrier or a flexible printed wiring board, and a cured product thereof.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research aimed at the realization of the above object, the inventors have completed an invention having the following contents.
[0008]
That is, according to the present invention, (A) a linear bisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy compound (a) represented by the following general formula (1):
[Formula 4]
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group, and n represents a value of 1 to 50. )
A photocurable resin obtained by reacting a reaction product with the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c);
(B) a linear polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) represented by the following general formula (2);
[Chemical formula 5]
(In the formula, M represents a group represented by the following general formula (3), and R 4 Represents a residue of an aliphatic or aromatic polyfunctional carboxylic acid, and m represents a value of 1 to 50. )
[Chemical 6]
(Wherein R 5 , R 6 Represents a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, R 7 , R 8 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 9 Represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group, and k represents a value of 0 to 25. )
A photocurable resin obtained by reacting a reaction product with the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c);
(C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) an epoxy curing catalyst, (E) a diluent, and (F) an alkaline aqueous solution containing an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule A developable photocurable / thermosetting resin composition is provided.
As a preferred embodiment, the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) is a bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by adding 0.1 to 100% nuclear hydrogenation to a bisphenol type bifunctional epoxy compound; Terminal and side obtained by reacting epihalohydrin (b-3) with a hydroxyl group of a linear epoxy resin which is a polyaddition reaction product with a compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule Provided is a photocurable / thermosetting resin composition developable with an aqueous alkali solution, which is a polyfunctional epoxy compound having an epoxy group in the chain.
Furthermore, as another aspect, a cured product obtained by curing the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition by active energy ray irradiation and / or heating is provided.
[0009]
Thus, the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is highly sensitive and developable by using the photocurable resin (A) and the photocurable resin (B) in combination. In addition, the composition is excellent in flexibility, has low flexibility, little warping after curing, low dielectric properties, adhesion, electroless plating resistance, electrical characteristics, flexibility, moisture absorption resistance, and PCT (pressure cooker). The present inventors have found that a cured product having excellent properties such as resistance is provided, and have completed the present invention.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention comprises a bisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy compound (a) represented by the following general formula (1):
[Chemical 7]
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 3 Represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group, and n represents a value of 1 to 50. )
A photocurable resin (A) having a carboxyl group obtained by reacting a reaction product with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c);
A polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) represented by the following general formula (2);
[Chemical 8]
(In the formula, M represents a group represented by the following general formula (3), and R 4 Represents a residue of an aliphatic or aromatic polyfunctional carboxylic acid, and m represents a value of 1 to 50. )
[Chemical 9]
(Wherein R 5 , R 6 Represents a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, R 7 , R 8 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 9 Represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group, and k represents a value of 0 to 25. )
Photo-curing resin (B) having a carboxyl group obtained by reacting a reaction product with unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c), and initiation of photopolymerization It is essential to contain an agent (C), an epoxy curing catalyst (D), a diluent (E), and an epoxy compound (F) having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
Moreover, as a preferable thing, the said polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ') is a bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by adding 0.1 to 100% nuclear hydrogen to a bisphenol type bifunctional epoxy compound, and 1 Terminal and side chain obtained by reacting epihalohydrin (b-3) with a hydroxyl group of a linear epoxy compound which is a polyaddition reaction product with compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in the molecule A polyfunctional epoxy compound having an epoxy group is used.
[0011]
When the value of n of the bisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy compound represented by the general formula (1), which is the main skeleton of the photocurable resin (A), is less than 1, the photosensitive group density is lowered, and development resistance and curing are reduced. Since the flexibility of the product cannot be obtained, it is not preferable. On the other hand, when the value of n exceeds 50, the developability is deteriorated.
Similarly, when the value of m of the polyfunctional epoxy compound represented by the general formula (2), which is the main skeleton of the photocurable resin (B), is less than 1, the photosensitive group density is lowered, and development resistance and curing are reduced. Since the flexibility of the product cannot be obtained, it is not preferable. On the other hand, when the value of n exceeds 50, the developability is deteriorated.
Furthermore, when the value of k, which is a constituent element of the photocurable resin (B), exceeds 25, the molecular weight of the resulting photocurable resin (B) increases, and the developability decreases.
[0012]
The photocurable resin (B) of the present invention has regular repetition due to an ester bond, as shown by the general formula (2), and the general formula (3) as a constituent element has an adhesive property. Therefore, the cured product has excellent adhesion to the substrate, electroless plating resistance, electrical characteristics, flexibility, moisture absorption resistance, PCT resistance, etc. Become.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by adding 0.1 to 100% nuclear hydrogen to a bisphenol type bifunctional epoxy compound and at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule. The polyfunctional epoxy compound which has an epoxy group in the terminal and side chain obtained by making epihalohydrin (b-3) react with the hydroxyl group of the linear epoxy compound which is a polyaddition reaction product with a compound (b-2). Used. In this way, the cyclohexane ring obtained by nuclear hydrogenation of the aromatic ring has good UV transmission, useful for printed wiring board production, improved photocurability, higher sensitivity, and improved dielectric properties. Is done.
[0013]
The photo-curable resin (A) in the present invention is a bisphenol polyfunctional epoxy obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group of the bisphenol F type or bisphenol A type bifunctional epoxy compound represented by the general formula (1) with an epihalohydrin. It can be obtained by reacting the reaction product of the compound (a) with the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c).
[0014]
Specifically, the bisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy compound (a) is prepared by dissolving a solid bisphenol F type or bisphenol A type bifunctional epoxy compound in a solvent and reacting an epihalohydrin with an alkali metal hydroxide. Multifunctionalized.
[0015]
In addition, the photocurable resin (B) used in the present invention is a reaction product of the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) represented by the general formula (2) and the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b). It is obtained by reacting a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c).
Preferably, the polyfunctional epoxy compound is a bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by adding 0.1 to 100% nuclear hydrogenation to a bisphenol A type and / or bisphenol F type bifunctional epoxy compound; An epoxy group is added to the terminal and side chains obtained by reacting an epihalohydrin (b-3) with a hydroxyl group obtained by reacting a compound (b-2) having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule. The polyfunctional epoxy compound which has is used.
[0016]
Specifically, the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) comprises a bisphenol A type and / or bisphenol F type bifunctional epoxy compound and a compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule. As a raw material, by using a known catalyst as described later, a linear epoxy compound of a terminal epoxy group obtained by alternately polymerizing, in a solvent, by reacting an epihalohydrin and an alkali metal hydroxide, Multifunctionalized.
As a preferable one, 0.1 to 100% nuclear hydrogen is added to the bisphenol type bifunctional epoxy compound in place of the bisphenol A type and / or bisphenol F type bifunctional epoxy compound as a raw material of the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′). The bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by addition is used. By nuclear hydrogenation of the aromatic ring in this way, the ultraviolet ray transmittance is improved useful for the production of printed wiring boards, the photocurability is improved, and the dielectric properties are also improved.
[0017]
Examples of the bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) obtained by nuclear hydrogenation include, for example, trade name “Rikaresin HBE” manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Santoto ST-3000” manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd., Japan The product names “Epicoat YX8000”, “Epicoat YL6753”, etc., manufactured by Epoxy Resin Co., can be mentioned. From the viewpoint of electrical characteristics, rhodium and / or ruthenium-supported catalysts are used for bifunctional aromatic epoxy compounds, and only aromatic rings are used. The product names “Epicoat YX8000” and “Epicoat YL6753” manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. produced by selective nuclear hydrogenation are particularly preferred.
[0018]
Examples of the compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule include 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, Examples include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methylsuccinic acid and phthalic anhydride adducts. From the aspect of imparting flexibility, aliphatic or fat such as 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid Cyclic dicarboxylic acid compounds are particularly preferred. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0019]
As a catalyst used in the reaction of the compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule and the bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1), a phosphine in which an epoxy group and a carboxyl group react quantitatively. , Alkali metal compounds and amines can be used alone or in combination.
[0020]
Specific examples of these reaction catalysts include trialkyl or triaryl phosphines such as tributyl phosphine and triphenyl phosphine or phosphines such as salts thereof with oxides; hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, lithium and potassium, halogens Primary compounds of aliphatic or aromatic groups such as triethanolamine, N, N-dimethylpiperazine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, hexamethylenetetramine, pyridine, tetramethylammonium bromide, etc. Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0021]
The amount of these catalysts used is desirably 0.1 to 25 mol%, more preferably 0.001 mol per 1 mol (1 equivalent) of the epoxy group of the bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1). The proportion is 5 to 20 mol%, more preferably 1 to 15 mol%. The reason for this is that when the amount of the catalyst used is less than 0.1 mol%, the reaction takes time and is not economical. On the other hand, when it exceeds 25 mol%, the reaction is fast and difficult to control. Therefore, it is not preferable.
[0022]
These polyaddition reactions are preferably performed in an inert gas stream or in the air in the presence of the catalyst in a temperature range of about 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably about 80 to 150 ° C. When the reaction temperature is lower than 50 ° C., it is not preferable because the reaction hardly proceeds. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 200 ° C., side reaction between the hydroxyl group of the product and the epoxy group proceeds and gelation tends to occur, which is not preferable. The reaction time may be appropriately selected according to the reactivity of the raw materials and the reaction temperature, but about 5 to 72 hours is preferable.
[0023]
Furthermore, as said epihalohydrin (b-3), for example, epichlorohydrin, epibromhydrin, epiiodohydrin, β-methylepichlorohydrin, β-methylepibromhydrin, β-methylepiiodohydrin, etc. are used. .
[0024]
In the synthesis of the linear polyfunctional epoxy compound represented by the general formula (2), the amount of epihalohydrin (b-3) used is 1 equivalent of the alcoholic hydroxyl group of the linear epoxy compound of the terminal epoxy group. Thus, it is sufficient to use 0.1 times equivalent or more. However, the use of an amount exceeding 15 times equivalent to 1 equivalent of hydroxyl group is not preferable because volume efficiency deteriorates.
[0025]
Examples of the solvent used for this reaction include aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide; and known solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene. It is done. The amount of the solvent used is a linear epoxy compound having a terminal epoxy group obtained by reacting the bifunctional epoxy compound (b-1) with a compound (b-2) having at least two carboxyl groups in one molecule. A ratio of 5 to 300% by mass is preferable. When the amount of the solvent used is less than 5% by mass, the reaction between the alcoholic hydroxyl group and the epihalohydrin becomes slow. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 300% by mass, the volumetric efficiency is deteriorated.
[0026]
Further, as the alkali metal hydroxide, caustic soda, caustic potash, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and the like can be used, and caustic soda is particularly preferable. The amount of the alkali metal hydroxide used is preferably 0.5 to 2 mol with respect to 1 mol of the alcoholic hydroxyl group to be epoxidized in the linear epoxy compound of the terminal epoxy group.
[0027]
As for the temperature of the addition reaction of the said epihalohydrin (b-3), 20-100 degreeC is preferable. If the temperature of the addition reaction is less than 20 ° C., the reaction becomes slow and a long reaction time is required. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature exceeds 100 ° C., many side reactions occur, which is not preferable.
[0028]
Moreover, the addition reaction of epihalohydrin (b-3) with respect to the alcoholic hydroxyl group of the linear epoxy compound of the said terminal epoxy group is dimethyl sulfoxide, a quaternary ammonium salt, or 1, 3- dimethyl-2- imidazoline, and an alkali metal hydroxide. Can also be carried out by adjusting the amount of the alkali metal hydroxide. At that time, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone; cyclic ether compounds such as tetrahydrofuran may be used in combination.
[0029]
Specific examples of the quaternary ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, trimethylammonium chloride and the like, and the amount used is to epoxidize a linear epoxy resin having a terminal epoxy group used as a raw material. A ratio of 0.3 to 45 mol% is preferable with respect to 1 mol of the hydroxyl group. When the amount used is less than 0.3 mol%, the addition reaction of epihalohydrin (b-3) is slow, and a long-time reaction is required, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 45 mol%, the effect of increasing the amount is almost lost and the cost increases, which is not preferable.
[0030]
Representative examples of the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) to be reacted with the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a) or (a ′) thus obtained include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, and croton. In addition to acid, sorbic acid, α-cyanocinnamic acid, β-styrylacrylic acid, etc., hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, Examples thereof include unsaturated dibasic acid anhydride adducts of hydroxyl group-containing acrylates such as pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, phenylglycidyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic acid caprolactone adduct. . Among the unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (b), acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferable. These unsaturated monocarboxylic acids can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Here, “(meth) acrylic acid” is a generic term for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and the same applies to other similar expressions.
[0031]
Examples of the saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c) include methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride, 3,6-endo Alicyclic dibasic acid anhydrides such as methylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride; succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, pentadodecenyl succinic anhydride , Aliphatic or aromatic dibasic acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride, or biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenylethertetracarboxylic dianhydride, butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, cyclopentanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, anhydrous pyro Lit acid, aliphatic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride such as benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the like, can be used one or two or more of these. Among these, alicyclic dibasic acid anhydrides are particularly preferable.
[0032]
The use amount of these saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydrides (c) is such that the acid value of the resulting photocurable resins (A) and (B) is 50 to 200 mgKOH / g, preferably 50 to 120 mgKOH / It is desirable that the added amount be in the range of g. When the acid value of the photocurable resin is lower than 50 mgKOH / g, the solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution is deteriorated, and development of the formed coating film is difficult. On the other hand, if it is higher than 200 mgKOH / g, the surface of the exposed area is developed regardless of the exposure conditions, which is not preferable.
[0033]
The photocurable resin of the present invention is a combination of the above-described photocurable resin (A) and the above-described photocurable resin (B). Although there is no limitation in a mixing ratio, it is preferable to use together 10-500 parts of photocurable resin (B) with respect to 100 parts of photocurable resin (A) from the viewpoint of the balance of developability or photocurable. .
[0034]
Examples of the photopolymerization initiator (C) include benzoin and benzoin alkyl ethers such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, and benzoin isopropyl ether; acetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2, Acetophenones such as 2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone and 1,1-dichloroacetophenone; 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinoaminopropanone-1, 2-benzyl-2- Aminoacetophenones such as dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butan-1-one and N, N-dimethylaminoacetophenone; 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 1- Black Anthraquinones such as anthraquinone; thioxanthones such as 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone; ketals such as acetophenone dimethyl ketal and benzyl dimethyl ketal; benzophenone, Examples include benzophenones such as 4,4′-bisdiethylaminobenzophenone or xanthones; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide. These known and commonly used photopolymerization initiators can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof. Further, N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid isoamyl ester, pentyl-4- Photoinitiator aids such as tertiary amines such as dimethylaminobenzoate, triethylamine, triethanolamine can be added. In addition, a titanocene compound such as CGI-784 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) having absorption in the visible light region can also be added to promote the photoreaction. Particularly preferred photopolymerization initiators are 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinoaminopropanone-1, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl)- Butane-1-one, but is not particularly limited thereto, as long as it absorbs light in the ultraviolet or visible light region and radically polymerizes an unsaturated group such as a (meth) acryloyl group, It is not limited to a photopolymerization initiator and a photoinitiator aid, and can be used alone or in combination.
[0035]
The use amount of the photopolymerization initiator (the total amount thereof when a photoinitiator is used) is 100 parts by mass (solid content) of the photocurable resin (A) and the photocurable resin (B). In the following, the ratio is 0.1 to 25 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass. When the blending amount of the photopolymerization initiator is less than the above range, it is not cured even when active energy rays are irradiated, or it is necessary to increase the irradiation time, and it is difficult to obtain appropriate coating film properties. On the other hand, even if a photopolymerization initiator is added in a larger amount than the above range, there is no change in photocurability, which is economically undesirable.
[0036]
Examples of the epoxy curing catalyst (D) include imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, and 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenyl. Imidazole derivatives such as imidazole and 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole; dicyandiamide, benzyldimethylamine, 4- (dimethylamino) -N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, 4-methoxy-N, N-dimethylbenzyl Amine, amine compounds such as 4-methyl-N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, organic acid hydrazide compounds such as adipic acid dihydrazide and sebacic acid dihydrazide; phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine, For example, 2MZ-A, 2MZ-OK, 2PHZ, 2P4BHZ, 2P4MHZ (both trade names of imidazole compounds) manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., U-CAT3502T, U-CAT3503N (both dimethylamine block isocyanates manufactured by San Apro) Compound trade names), DBU, DBN, U-CATSA102, U-CAT5002 (both bicyclic amidine compounds and salts thereof). In particular, it is not limited to these, and any catalyst that cures the epoxy resin or promotes the reaction between the epoxy group and the carboxyl group may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Guanamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, melamine, 2,4-diamino-6-methacryloyloxyethyl-S-triazine, 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-S-triazine, 2 S-triazine derivatives such as -vinyl-4,6-diamino-S-triazine / isocyanuric acid adduct, 2,4-diamino-6-methacryloyloxyethyl-S-triazine / isocyanuric acid adduct can also be used, Preferably, a compound that also functions as an adhesion promoter is used in combination with the epoxy curing catalyst.
The compounding quantity of the said epoxy curing catalyst (D) is enough with a normal quantitative ratio, for example, the sum total of the said photocurable resin (A) and photocurable resin (B) is 0.1 with respect to 100 mass parts. -20 mass parts, Preferably it is a ratio of 0.5-15.0 mass parts.
[0037]
Next, as the diluent (E), a photopolymerizable vinyl monomer and / or an organic solvent can be used.
Typical photopolymerizable vinyl monomers include hydroxyalkyl acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate; mono- or diacrylates of glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and propylene glycol. Acrylamides such as N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, and N, N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide; aminoalkyl acrylates such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate Hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate Polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric acrylates such as these ethylene oxide adducts or propylene oxide adducts; phenoxy acrylate, bisphenol A diacrylate, and acrylates such as ethylene oxide adducts or propylene oxide adducts of these phenols Acrylates of glycidyl ethers such as glycerin diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl isocyanurate; and melamine acrylate and / or methacrylates corresponding to the acrylate.
[0038]
Examples of the organic solvent include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and tetramethylbenzene; cellosolve, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, carbitol, methyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl Glycol ethers such as ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether and triethylene glycol monoethyl ether; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and acetic acid esterified products of the above glycol ethers; ethanol, propanol, ethylene Alcohols such as glycol and propylene glycol; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as octane and decane; petroleum ether, petroleum naphtha, hydrogenated petroleum Sa, and the like petroleum solvents such as solvent naphtha, the photocurable resin (A) and (B) and compatibility is good, and it is preferable not to dissolve the powder epoxy compound.
[0039]
The diluent (E) as described above is used alone or as a mixture of two or more, and the preferred range of the amount used is that when using a photopolymerizable vinyl monomer, the photocurable resin (A) and Desirable ratio of 10 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the photo-curable resin (B). This is not preferable. On the other hand, although the usage-amount of an organic solvent is not limited to a specific ratio, the sum total of the said photocurable resin (A) and photocurable resin (B) is 30-300 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts. The range of the degree is appropriate and can be appropriately set according to the coating method to be selected.
[0040]
The purpose of use of the diluent (E) is to dilute the photosensitive component in the case of a photopolymerizable vinyl monomer to make it easy to apply and to enhance photopolymerizability. On the other hand, in the case of an organic solvent, the photosensitive component is dissolved and diluted, thereby being applied as a liquid and then dried to form a film, thereby enabling contact exposure. Therefore, depending on the diluent used, either a contact method or a non-contact exposure method in which the photomask is in close contact with the coating film is used.
[0041]
Specific examples of the epoxy compound (F) having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule include Epicoat 828, Epicoat 834, Epicoat 1001, Epicoat 1004, Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin. Epicron 840, Epicron 850, Epicron 1050, Epicron 2055, Epototo YD-011, YD-013, YD-127, YD-128, manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. E. R. 317, D.E. E. R. 331, D.D. E. R. 661, D.D. E. R. 664, Ciba Specialty Chemicals' Araldide 6071, Araldide 6084, Araldide GY250, Araldide GY260, Sumitomo Chemical Industries Sumi-Epoxy ESA-011, ESA-014, ELA-115, ELA-128, Asahi Kasei Corporation A. E. R. 330, A.I. E. R. 331, A.I. E. R. 661, A.I. E. R. Bisphenol A type epoxy resin such as 664 (all trade names); Epicoat YL903 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin, Epicron 152, Epicron 165 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Epototo YDB-400, YDB- manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. 500, D.C. E. R. 542, Araldide 8011 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Sumi-epoxy ESB-400, ESB-700 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and A.D. E. R. 711, A.I. E. R. Brominated epoxy resins such as 714 (all trade names); Epicoat 152 and Epicoat 154 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd., D.C. E. N. 431, D.D. E. N. 438, Epicron N-730, Epicron N-770, Epicron N-865, Etototo YDCN-701, YDCN-704 from Toto Kasei Co., Ltd., Araldide ECN1235 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Araldide ECN1273, Araldide ECN1299, Araldide XPY307, EPPN-201, EOCN-1025, EOCN-1020, EOCN-104S, RE-306 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Sumi-epoxy ESCN-195X, ESCN- manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 220, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation. E. R. Novolak type epoxy resins such as ECN-235, ECN-299, etc. (both trade names); Epicron 830 manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Epicoat 807 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin, Epototo YDF-170 manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., YDF -175, YDF-2004, bisphenol F type epoxy resin such as Araldide XPY306 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals (all trade names); Santo Tote ST-3000 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd., Rikaresin HBE manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin such as Epicoat YX8000 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. (all trade names); Epicoat 604 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Epototo YH-434 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd., manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals The Araldide Y720, Sumida-Epoxy ELM-120 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (both trade names) glycidylamine type epoxy resins; Araldide CY-350 (trade name) manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, etc. Hydantoin type epoxy resins Alicyclic epoxy resin such as Celoxide 2021 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Araldide CY175, CY179 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals (all trade names); YL-933 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin, manufactured by Dow Chemical T. E. N. , EPPN-501, EPPN-502, etc. (all trade names) trihydroxyphenylmethane type epoxy resin; Japan Epoxy Resin YL-6056, YX-4000, YL-6121 (all trade names), etc. Xylenol type or biphenol type epoxy resin or a mixture thereof; bisphenol S type such as EBPS-200 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., EPX-30 manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., EXA-1514 (trade name) manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. Epoxy resin; Bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resin such as Epicoat 157S (trade name) manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin; Epicoat YL-931 manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin, Araldide 163 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, etc. Name) Tetraphenylolethane type Poxy resin; Araldide PT810 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, TEPIC manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. (both are trade names); Diglycidyl phthalate resin such as Bremer DGT manufactured by Nippon Oil &Fats; Tetraglycidylxylenoylethane resin such as ZX-1063 manufactured by Nippon Steel; ESN-190 and ESN-360 manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. Naphthalene groups such as HP-4032, EXA-4750, and EXA-4700 manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. Epoxy resin; Epoxy resin having dicyclopentadiene skeleton such as HP-7200 and HP-7200H manufactured by Dainippon Ink &Chemicals; Glycidyl methacrylate copolymer epoxy resin such as CP-50S and CP-50M manufactured by Nippon Oil &Fats; In addition, cyclohexylmaleimide and glycidyl Copolymerized epoxy resins such methacrylate, and the like, but not limited thereto. These epoxy resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, a biphenol type or bixylenol type epoxy resin or a mixture thereof is particularly preferable.
[0042]
The polyfunctional epoxy compound (F) as described above improves properties such as adhesion and heat resistance necessary for the solder resist by thermosetting. The total amount of the photocurable resin (A) and the photocurable resin (B) is 10 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass, preferably 25 to 60. It is a ratio of parts by mass. When the blending amount of the polyfunctional epoxy compound (F) is less than 10 parts by mass, the hygroscopicity of the cured film becomes high and the PCT resistance tends to decrease, and the solder heat resistance and electroless plating resistance are also low. Easy to be. On the other hand, when it exceeds 100 parts by mass, the developability of the coating film and the electroless plating resistance of the cured film are deteriorated, and the PCT resistance is also inferior.
[0043]
Epoxidized polybutadiene (G) can be blended with the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention for the purpose of imparting flexibility and toughness. As this epoxidized polybutadiene (G), there are, for example, Epolide PB3600 and PB4700 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, and the total amount of the photocurable resin (A) and the photocurable resin (B) is 100 mass. It is desirable to set it as 5-50 mass parts per part.
Furthermore, for the purpose of imparting flexibility and low warpage, spherical urethane beads (H) having an average particle diameter of 1 to 15 μm can be blended. As for the compounding quantity of this spherical urethane bead (H), it is desirable that the sum total of the said photocurable resin (A) and photocurable resin (B) shall be 0-100 mass parts per 100 mass parts.
[0044]
If necessary, the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention may further include barium sulfate, barium titanate, silicon oxide powder, finely divided silicon oxide, amorphous silica, crystalline silica, fused silica, spherical Known and commonly used inorganic fillers such as silica, talc, clay, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, mica and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These are used for the purpose of suppressing curing shrinkage of the coating film and improving properties such as adhesion and hardness. The blending amount of the inorganic filler is suitably 0 to 300 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 200 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the photocurable resin (A) and the photocurable resin (B).
[0045]
The photo-curing / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is a known and commonly used phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, iodin green, disazo yellow, crystal violet, titanium oxide, carbon black, naphthalene black, etc. Colorants, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, t-butylcatechol, pyrogallol, phenothiazine and other known conventional thermal polymerization inhibitors, fine silica, organic bentonite, montmorillonite and other known conventional thickeners, silicone-based, fluorine-based, Known and commonly used additives such as a defoaming agent and / or a leveling agent such as a polymer, and a silane coupling agent such as an imidazole, thiazole or triazole can be blended.
[0046]
The photo-curable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention having the above composition is diluted as necessary to adjust the viscosity to be suitable for the coating method. Is applied by a method such as a screen printing method, a curtain coating method, a spray coating method, a roll coating method, etc., and the organic solvent contained in the composition is evaporated and dried at a temperature of about 60 to 100 ° C. Can be formed.
[0047]
Alternatively, as described below, the composition can be formed into a dry film and laminated on a printed wiring board formed with a circuit to form a coating film of a photocurable / thermosetting resin composition.
When forming a dry film, the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is diluted to an appropriate viscosity with the organic solvent, and coated on a support film with a film coater and dried to produce a dry film. can do. The coating thickness is usually 15 to 80 μm, preferably 20 to 60 μm after drying.
As a method for applying the composition to the support, for example, knife coater application, comma coater application, die coater application, gravure coater application, roll coater application, spray coater application and the like can be performed. Moreover, as a support film, films, such as polyester films, such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polyamideimide film, a polypropylene film, a polystyrene film, can be used, for example.
[0048]
After apply | coating the said composition on a support body, normally, it can dry for 1 to 30 minutes at the temperature of 50-130 degreeC, and a film | membrane can be obtained. Furthermore, for the purpose of preventing dust from adhering to the surface of the membrane, it is desirable to laminate a peelable cover film on the surface of the membrane.
As the peelable cover film, for example, a polyethylene film, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a polypropylene film, a surface-treated paper or the like can be used, and when the cover film is peeled off, the adhesive strength between the film and the support is more than What is necessary is just to have a smaller adhesive force between the membrane and the cover film.
[0049]
Thereafter, the coating film produced by any of the above methods can be selectively exposed with active energy rays through a photomask having a predetermined pattern, and the unexposed portion can be developed with a dilute alkaline aqueous solution to form a resist pattern. Furthermore, low dielectric properties, adhesion, electroless plating resistance, electricity by heat curing after irradiation of active energy rays, irradiation of active energy rays after heat curing, or final curing (main curing) only by heat curing. A cured film (solder resist film) excellent in properties, flexibility, moisture absorption resistance and PCT (pressure cooker) resistance is formed.
[0050]
In addition, as said alkaline aqueous solution, alkaline aqueous solutions, such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, ammonia, amines, can be used.
As the irradiation light source for photocuring, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like is appropriate. In addition, laser beams and the like can also be used as active energy rays.
[0051]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the following, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
[0052]
[Synthesis example of photo-curing resin (A)]
After dissolving 380 parts of bisphenol F type epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 950 g / eq, softening point 85 ° C., average polymerization degree n = 6.2) and 925 parts of epichlorohydrin in 462.5 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide, the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. Purified 98.5% NaOH 60.9 parts (1.5 mol) was added over 100 minutes. After the addition, the reaction was further carried out at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, 250 parts of water was added and washed with water. After oil-water separation, most of the dimethyl sulfoxide and excess unreacted epichlorohydrin were recovered from the oil layer by distillation under reduced pressure, and the reaction product containing the remaining replication salt and dimethyl sulfoxide was dissolved in 750 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and further 30% NaOH. 10 parts of an aqueous solution was added and reacted at 70 ° C. for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, washing was performed twice with 200 parts of water. After separation of oil and water, til isobutyl ketone was recovered by distillation from the oil layer to obtain an epoxy resin (a) having an epoxy equivalent of 310 g / eq and a softening point of 69 ° C. When the epoxy resin (a) obtained was calculated from the epoxy equivalent, about 5 of the 6.2 alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the starting material bisphenol F type epoxy resin were epoxidized. 310 parts of this epoxy resin (a) and 282 parts of carbitol acetate were charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a reflux condenser, and heated and stirred at 90 ° C. to dissolve. The obtained solution is once cooled to 60 ° C., 72 parts of acrylic acid, 0.5 part of methylhydroquinone and 2 parts of triphenylphosphine are added, heated to 100 ° C., reacted for about 60 hours, and the acid value is 0.2 mg KOH. / G of reaction product was obtained. To this, 140 parts of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was added, heated to 90 ° C., and reacted until the solid content acid value reached 100 mgKOH / g to obtain a solution containing 65% of the photocurable resin (A). Hereinafter, this solution is referred to as varnish A.
[0053]
[Synthesis example of photocurable resin (B)]
In a flask equipped with a gas introduction tube, a stirring device, a cooling tube and a thermometer, 172 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 176 g / equivalent of hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd., “YX8000”) )) 880 parts were charged and stirred at 100 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereafter, 0.65 part of triphenylphosphine was added, the temperature in the flask was raised to 150 ° C., and the reaction was continued for about 90 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 150 ° C., and a linear epoxy having an epoxy equivalent of 438 g / equivalent was obtained. A compound was obtained.
Next, the temperature in the flask was cooled to 70 ° C. or lower, 780 parts of epichlorohydrin and 635 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide were added, and the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring and held. Thereafter, 150 parts of 96% pure sodium hydroxide was added in portions over 90 minutes, followed by further reaction for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, most of the excess epichlorohydrin and dimethyl sulfoxide were distilled under reduced pressure of 120 ° C. and 50 mmHg, and the reaction product containing by-product salt and dimethyl sulfoxide was dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone and washed with water. Thereafter, methyl isobutyl ketone was recovered by distillation from the oil layer to obtain a polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) having an epoxy equivalent of 247 g / equivalent.
Next, 494 parts of the polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) is put into a flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser tube and a thermometer, 400 parts of carbitol acetate is added, and heated to dissolve, 0.46 parts of methyl hydroquinone, 1.38 parts of triphenylphosphine was added and heated to 95 to 105 ° C., 350 parts of acrylic acid was gradually added dropwise and reacted for 20 hours. The reaction product was cooled to 80 to 90 ° C., 300 parts of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was added and reacted for 8 hours. In the reaction, the acid value and total acid value of the reaction solution are measured by potentiometric titration, followed by the addition rate obtained, and the reaction rate is 95% or more as the end point.
The carboxyl group-containing photocurable resin (B) solution thus obtained had a solid acid value of 89.2 mgKOH / g. Hereinafter, this photocurable resin (B) solution is called varnish B.
[0054]
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2
The compounding component shown in Table 1 using each varnish obtained in the above synthesis example was kneaded with a three-roll mill to obtain a photocurable / thermosetting resin composition. Table 2 shows the characteristic values of each composition.
[0055]
[Table 1]
[0056]
[Table 2]
The performance test method in Table 2 is as follows.
[0057]
(1) Developability
The photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of each of the above examples and comparative examples was applied to the entire surface of the patterned copper foil substrate by screen printing, and was performed at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, and 60. After being dried and allowed to cool to room temperature, 1% Na at 30 ° C 2 CO 3 The aqueous solution was developed for 60 seconds under the condition of a spray pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the presence or absence of the development residue of the dried coating film was visually confirmed. The judgment criteria are as follows.
○: Completely developed.
Δ: A part of the coating film remains.
X: The coating film remains completely.
[0058]
(2) Sensitivity
The photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of each of the above examples and comparative examples was applied to the entire surface of the copper foil substrate by screen printing, dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, allowed to cool to room temperature, and then step tablet was used. Use exposure 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mJ / cm 2 1% Na at 30 ° C. 2 CO 3 The aqueous solution is developed for 60 seconds under the condition of a spray pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the remaining number of stages is evaluated.
[0059]
(3) Tensile elastic modulus, (4) Elongation rate (tensile elongation at break)
The tensile elasticity modulus and elongation rate (tensile breaking elongation) of the evaluation sample produced by the following method were measured with a tensile-compression tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
On the Teflon (registered trademark) plate that had been washed and dried in advance, the photocurable thermosetting resin composition of each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples was applied by screen printing, and using a hot-air circulating drying oven, It was dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling this to room temperature, the exposure dose is 100 mJ / cm. 2 The film was exposed to the following conditions, and heat-cured at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes using a hot air circulating drying furnace. After cooling to room temperature, the cured coating film was peeled off from the Teflon (registered trademark) plate to obtain an evaluation sample.
[0060]
The photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples was applied by screen printing on a copper foil substrate having a predetermined wiring pattern, and at 80 ° C. using a hot air circulation type drying furnace. Dry for 30 minutes. After cooling this to room temperature, the exposure dose is 300 mJ / cm. 2 The film was exposed to the conditions described above, and heat-cured at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes using a hot-air circulating drying furnace, and then cooled to room temperature to prepare a test plate. The test plate was tested for electroless gold plating resistance, PCT resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and adhesion. Test methods and evaluation methods are as follows.
[0061]
(5) Electroless gold plating resistance
The test plate was subjected to electroless gold plating using a commercially available electroless nickel plating solution and electroless gold plating solution.
The test plate after plating was subjected to a peel test with a cellophane adhesive tape to evaluate the peeling of the resist layer.
○: No change at all
△: Slight change in peeling
X: The resist layer is entirely peeled off
[0062]
(6) PCT resistance
After the test plate obtained as described above was cooled to room temperature, it was treated for 168 hours under the conditions of 121 ° C. and 2 atm using a PCT apparatus (TABAI ESPEC HAST SYSTEM TPC-412MD), and the state of the cured film Evaluated. The judgment criteria are as follows.
○: No peeling, discoloration or elution.
Δ: Any of peeling, discoloration and elution.
X: Many peeling, discoloration, and elution are seen.
[0063]
(7) Acid resistance test
The test plate obtained as described above was taken out after being immersed in a 10% by volume sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the state and adhesion of the coating film were comprehensively evaluated. The judgment criteria are as follows.
○: No change
Δ: Slightly changing
X: The coating film has blisters or swelling drops
[0064]
(8) Alkali resistance test
The test plate obtained as described above was taken out after being immersed in a 10% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the state and adhesion of the coating film were comprehensively evaluated. The judgment criteria are as follows.
○: No change
Δ: Slightly changing
X: The coating film has blisters or swelling drops
[0065]
(9) Adhesion
According to the test method of JIS D 0202, the test plate was cross-cut, and then the peeled state after the peeling test with the cellophane adhesive tape was visually determined. The judgment criteria are as follows.
○: No peeling at all
Δ: Slightly peeled off
×: Completely peeled
[0066]
The photocurable and thermosetting resin compositions of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were applied to a polyimide film (Kapton 200H manufactured by Toray DuPont Co., Ltd.) by screen printing, and then heated at 80 ° C. using a hot air circulation drying oven. For 30 minutes. After cooling this to room temperature, the exposure amount is 300 mJ / cm. 2 The sample was exposed to the conditions described above, and heat-cured at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes using a hot-air circulating drying furnace, and then cooled to room temperature to prepare a test sample. Using this sample, bending resistance and warpage were tested.
(10) Bending resistance
The above-mentioned sample was cut into a width of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm, the coating film surface was bent outward at 180 ° C., and the presence or absence of cracks was observed.
○: No cracks are observed
×: The occurrence of cracks
[0067]
(11) Warpage
The sample produced as described above was cut into a 5 cm square, the sample was placed in a horizontal place, and the amount of warpage was measured using a caliper.
○: Warpage is less than 1 mm
Δ: Warpage amount is 1 mm or more and less than 3 mm
X: Warpage amount is 3 mm or more
[0068]
As is apparent from the results shown in Table 2, the cured product obtained from the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the present invention has excellent dielectric properties, water absorption, adhesion, electrical insulation resistance, hardness, chemical resistance. And excellent properties such as PCT resistance. In contrast, the cured product obtained from the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the photosensitive resin (A) having an aromatic ring of Comparative Example 2 has developability, sensitivity, PCT resistance, and the like. It was inferior. Moreover, the cured product obtained from the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition of the photosensitive resin (B) having a cyclohexane ring in Comparative Example 1 was inferior in elongation and warpage.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by using the photocurable / thermosetting resin composition according to the present invention, it is excellent in workability such as developability and photocurability, and is used for semiconductor carrier tapes used for TAB, CSP, TCP, A highly reliable flexible printed wiring board that is excellent in electroless gold plating resistance, PCT resistance, and flexibility required for flexible printed wiring boards such as COF, and can form a cured product (coating film) with little warpage. Can be provided.
Claims (3)
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られる光硬化性樹脂と、
(B)下記一般式(2)で示される多官能エポキシ化合物(a’)と、
不飽和モノカルボン酸(b)との反応物に、飽和及び/又は不飽和多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させて得られる光硬化性樹脂と、
(C)光重合開始剤、(D)エポキシ硬化触媒、(E)希釈剤、及び(F)1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物を含有することを特徴とするアルカリ水溶液により現像可能な光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物。(A) a bisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy compound (a) represented by the following general formula (1);
A photocurable resin obtained by reacting a reaction product with the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c);
(B) a polyfunctional epoxy compound (a ′) represented by the following general formula (2);
A photocurable resin obtained by reacting a reaction product with the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (b) with a saturated and / or unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride (c);
(C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) an epoxy curing catalyst, (E) a diluent, and (F) an alkaline aqueous solution containing an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule A developable photocurable / thermosetting resin composition.
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JP4198101B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2008-12-17 | 株式会社Adeka | Alkali developable resin composition |
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JP5109246B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2012-12-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Curable composition, cured product, color filter, and liquid crystal display device |
KR100787341B1 (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2007-12-18 | 다이요 잉키 세이조 가부시키가이샤 | A resin composition, cured material therefrom, and printing wiring boards using the same |
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JP5814691B2 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2015-11-17 | 互応化学工業株式会社 | Resin resin composition |
JP6524572B2 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2019-06-05 | 互応化学工業株式会社 | Composition for solder resist and printed wiring board |
JP5878913B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-03-08 | 互応化学工業株式会社 | Photosensitive resin composition, composition for solder resist, printed wiring board, and method for producing photosensitive resin composition |
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JP6275620B2 (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2018-02-07 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Photosensitive resin composition and cured product thereof |
JP6449824B2 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-01-09 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | Curable resin composition |
WO2018173679A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Dic株式会社 | Acid-group-containing (meth)acrylate resin and resin material for solder resist |
KR20190077220A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-03 | 닛뽄 가야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Sealant for display, and liquid crystal display using the same |
JP7250591B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-04-03 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | A method for producing a polymerizable unsaturated group-containing alkali-soluble resin, a polymerizable unsaturated group-containing alkali-soluble resin, a photosensitive resin composition containing the same, a cured product obtained by curing the same, and a touch panel containing the cured product as a constituent component and color filters |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US4007566A (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1977-02-15 | Stainless Equipment Company | Coping and gutter for rim flow swimming pools |
JPS61243869A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-30 | Taiyo Ink Seizo Kk | Resist ink composition |
JP3580445B2 (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 2004-10-20 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Resist ink composition for flexible printed wiring board and cured product thereof |
JP3190251B2 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2001-07-23 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | Photocurable and thermosetting resin composition for alkali-developed flexible printed wiring boards |
JP3247091B2 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2002-01-15 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | Photocurable resin composition and photosensitive element using the same |
JP3830330B2 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2006-10-04 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Photosensitive material |
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2002
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KR100908974B1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
JP2004045792A (en) | 2004-02-12 |
CN1472253A (en) | 2004-02-04 |
KR20040026122A (en) | 2004-03-27 |
CN1326939C (en) | 2007-07-18 |
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