JP4046294B2 - Apparatus for generating bubbles or droplets in liquid and method for generating bubbles or droplets in liquid - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid.

  As a classic method for generating bubbles in a liquid, there is known a method in which after a gas is pressurized to a supersaturation level, the pressure is rapidly reduced to precipitate the bubbles. However, in such a method, since the amount of bubbles generated depends on the degree of supersaturation, the amount of bubbles generated is limited, so that it is not widely used at present.

  As an apparatus for generating minute bubbles in a liquid, an apparatus having a nozzle in which a narrow flow channel is formed is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, a liquid is supplied to a nozzle using a pump, and a gas is supplied via a compressor or the like, so that a gas-liquid mixture is circulated from a throttle portion of the nozzle to a narrow flow path.

Further, as another device, there is known a device that generates minute bubbles by circulating a gas in the direction of the swivel axis in the center of the liquid that has caused the swirl flow (see, for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3). ).
In the apparatus described in Patent Document 2, a swirling flow is generated by sending a liquid into a cylindrical apparatus using a pump. Furthermore, a cavitation nozzle is provided on the discharge side, and the generation of microbubbles is promoted.
In the apparatus described in Patent Document 3, a swirling flow is generated by supplying a liquid pressurized by a pump or the like into a megaphone-like container.

Furthermore, as an experimental apparatus for generating minute droplets, an evaporation container that contains liquid to be dropped and other liquids are filled in advance, and vapor generated in the evaporation container is discharged and filled with other liquids. The thing provided with the condensing container which has been announced (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1). A nozzle from which steam flows out is connected to the evaporation container, and the steam discharged from the nozzle forms bubbles, then separates from the nozzle and condenses into droplets. In this experimental apparatus, the condensing container is arranged close to and directly above the evaporation container, and the nozzle protrudes from the upper part of the evaporation container and is formed as short as possible. Thereby, the vapor | steam in an evaporation container is discharged in a condensation container, being hardly cooled, and it can experiment on suitable conditions.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-230824 JP 2003-126665 A International Publication No. WO00 / 69550 Pamphlet Koichi Terasaka, Tirto Prakoso, Wan-Yong Sun, Hideki Tsuge, "Two-Phase Bubble Formation with Condensation at Nozzle Submerged in Immiscible Liquid", Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2000, Volume 33, No. 1, pp. 113- 119

However, the apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 require a mechanical power source such as a pump in order to generate bubbles, and there is a problem that the apparatus becomes large. In addition, since the liquid is locally delivered by a pump or the like, convection of the liquid always occurs, and there is a problem that only the bubbles cannot be dispersed in a static state.
Further, in the experimental apparatus described in Non-Patent Document 1, since the vapor generated in the evaporation container is directly discharged into the condensation container, the discharge amount, discharge pressure, and the like of the steam are determined by the heating state of the evaporation container. That is, in order to control the discharge amount, discharge pressure, etc. of the vapor, it is necessary to adjust the heating state of the evaporation container, and it is extremely difficult to freely adjust the size of the generated droplets. Further, since the evaporation container and the condensation container are close to each other in the vertical direction, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in layout of piping and the like is lowered. As described above, this experimental apparatus has been proposed to perform a suitable experiment to the last, and has various problems in practical use.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is an apparatus and method for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid, which is a mechanical device for generating bubbles or droplets. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method capable of accurately adjusting the diameter of bubbles or droplets without using a power source.

In order to achieve the object, according to the present invention,
An apparatus for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid of a first substance,
A first accommodating portion for accommodating the liquid of the first substance;
A second storage section for storing a liquid of the second substance;
Heating means for heating the liquid of the second substance in the second storage portion to vapor;
A conduit for guiding the gas containing the vapor in the second housing portion to the first housing portion;
A supply section for supplying a gas of a third substance to the second storage section or the conduit;
A discharge port for discharging the gas guided by the conduit into the liquid of the first substance in the first accommodating portion;
A discharge control unit that controls a discharge amount of gas at the discharge port;
With
A gas mixture of the second substance and the third substance is discharged from the discharge port into the liquid of the first substance, and initial bubbles formed by discharging from the discharge port are liquids of the first substance. The air bubbles or the liquid droplets are generated by being cooled by the above.

According to this apparatus, when the heating means is operated, the liquid of the second substance in the second storage part becomes vapor, and the pressure in the second storage part increases. When the pressure in the second housing portion increases, the steam automatically flows through the conduit toward the first housing portion. When the gas containing the vapor reaches the discharge port, it is discharged into the liquid of the first substance and becomes an initial bubble in the liquid of the first substance. Here, since the discharge amount of gas is controlled by the discharge control unit, and the size of the initial bubble depends on the discharge amount, the bubble diameter is adjusted using the discharge control unit.
The initial bubbles generated in the liquid of the first substance are separated from the discharge port, and then cooled by the first substance to be reduced or liquefied to generate bubbles or droplets in the liquid of the first substance. At this time, since the volume of the second substance decreases, bubbles or droplets smaller than the initial bubbles are generated in the first substance. The boiling point of the second substance is preferably lower than that of the first substance. Thereby, bubbles or droplets can be stably generated in the first substance.
Further, according to this apparatus, since the steam is guided by the conduit, the mutual positional relationship between the first storage portion and the second storage portion can be set relatively freely. Thereby, for example, even if the first container and the second container cannot be brought close to each other due to the requirements of the second substance supply unit, the first substance recovery mechanism, etc., the generation of bubbles or droplets Will not be disturbed. Note that the “conduit” here does not include a part that is provided integrally with the second housing portion and functions as an internal fluid discharge portion, such as a nozzle directly provided in the second housing portion.
Further, according to this apparatus, when the mixed gas of the second substance and the third substance is discharged from the discharge port into the liquid of the first substance, the initial bubbles generated in the liquid of the first substance are After leaving from the discharge port, a double bubble or droplet of the second substance and the third substance is formed.

In the above apparatus,
The said discharge control part can be set as the structure containing the valve provided in the said conduit | pipe.

  According to this apparatus, the discharge amount of steam is controlled by the open / close state of the valve, and the adjustment of the diameter of the initial bubble is easy and easy. This valve may be manual or automatic.

In the above apparatus,
An auxiliary heating means for heating the vapor in the conduit may be provided.

  According to this apparatus, the steam in the conduit is heated by the auxiliary heating means, so that the temperature of the steam in the conduit can be prevented from lowering and condensation of the steam before discharge can be prevented.

In the above apparatus,
The auxiliary heating means may be configured to heat steam downstream from the valve in the conduit.

  According to this apparatus, the steam can be heated at the part of the conduit that is farthest from the second housing part side, and the condensation of the steam can be efficiently prevented. In addition, since the steam immediately before discharge can be heated, the inflow of the liquefied second substance into the first substance is effectively prevented.

In the above apparatus,
It can be set as the structure provided with the heat insulating material which covers the said conduit | pipe.

  According to this apparatus, the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the conduit is suppressed by the heat insulating material, and the temperature drop of the steam inside the conduit can be suppressed.

In the above apparatus,
The first substance and the second substance are the same substance,
The second substance discharged from the discharge port may be liquefied and assimilated with the liquid of the first substance.

  According to this apparatus, the second substance condenses into a liquid and assimilates with the liquid of the first substance, so that droplets or bubbles of the third substance are generated in the liquid of the first substance. As described above, since a part of the initial bubbles is assimilated with the first material, the droplets or bubbles of the third material can be remarkably reduced. Further, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, the diameter of the droplet or bubble of the third substance can be controlled, which is extremely advantageous in practical use.

In the above apparatus,
The liquid of the first substance can be configured to generate bubbles of the third substance.

  According to this device, minute bubbles of the third substance can be obtained.

In the above apparatus,
The liquid of the first substance may be configured to generate droplets of the third substance.

  According to this apparatus, a fine droplet of the third substance can be obtained.

In the above apparatus,
The supply unit
A gas container in which the gas of the third substance is stored;
A connecting pipe connecting the gas container and the second housing part or the conduit;
And a valve provided in the connection pipe.

  According to this apparatus, the gas of the 3rd substance accommodated in the gas container flows in in a 2nd accommodating part or a conduit | pipe through a connection pipe. The inflow amount of the third substance is adjusted by opening and closing the valve, and thereby the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance can be adjusted.

In the above apparatus,
As the second substance or the third substance, a substance that dissolves in the liquid of the first substance can be selected.

  Thereby, the second substance or the third substance is dissolved and dispersed in the liquid of the first substance. When the second substance is dissolved, droplets or bubbles mainly containing the third substance are generated. When the third substance is dissolved, droplets or bubbles mainly containing the second substance are generated. In this way, since the second substance or the third substance is dissolved in the first substance, the generated droplets or bubbles can be remarkably reduced. Further, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, the diameter of the generated droplets or bubbles can be controlled, which is extremely advantageous in practical use.

In the above apparatus,
As the second substance or the third substance, a substance that is liquefied or solidified by a chemical reaction with the liquid of the first substance can be selected.

  In this case, at least a part of the second substance or the third substance constituting the initial bubble is liquefied or solidified by a chemical reaction with the liquid of the first substance. Smaller than bubbles. Further, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, the diameter of the generated droplets or bubbles can be controlled, which is extremely advantageous in practical use.

In the above apparatus,
The discharge port may be formed in a nozzle provided at the tip of the conduit.

  According to this apparatus, the gas in the conduit is discharged from the nozzle into the liquid of the first substance.

In the above apparatus,
The nozzle may have a plurality of pores, and the vapor may be dispersed and discharged in the liquid of the first substance.

  According to this apparatus, since the initial bubbles discharged from the nozzle are dispersed in the liquid of the first substance, the bubbles or droplets in the liquid of the first substance can be made uniform. Further, collision between bubbles or droplets can be suppressed, and expansion of the diameter of bubbles or droplets due to coalescence can be suppressed.

In the above apparatus,
The nozzle may be configured such that the gas flow path is reduced in diameter toward the discharge port.

  According to this apparatus, the gas flowing through the nozzle is throttled toward the discharge port, and the diameter of the discharged bubbles can be reduced.

As mentioned above, although the structure of this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not restricted to this, Various aspects are included. For example, according to the present invention,
A method for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid of a first substance, comprising:
A vaporization step of heating the liquid of the second substance to obtain vapor;
A mixing step of mixing the vapor of the second substance and the gas of the third substance obtained in the vaporization step;
A discharge step of generating an initial bubble of the mixed gas by discharging the mixed gas of the second substance and the third substance obtained in the mixing step into the liquid of the first substance while adjusting a discharge amount. When,
The liquid of the second substance, in which the vapor of the second substance in the initial bubble generated in the discharging step is condensed and the bubbles or droplets of the third substance are included in the liquid of the first substance. And a condensing step for obtaining droplets .

In the above method,
The first substance and the second substance are the same substance,
In the condensing step, bubbles or droplets of the third substance can be obtained in the liquid of the first substance.

According to the present invention, since the second substance is changed from the liquid to the vapor to increase the pressure of the second substance itself, the bubble or the droplet is used without using a mechanical power source for generating the bubble or the droplet. Can be generated. Therefore, the apparatus can be reduced in weight and size. Also, due to this mechanical power source, convection does not occur in the liquid of the first substance, and bubbles or droplets can be stably generated and dispersed in the liquid under static conditions. it can.
Moreover, since the bubble diameter at the time of discharge is adjusted by the discharge control unit, the diameter of the finally obtained bubbles or droplets can be adjusted accurately. In addition, by providing the discharge control unit, the pressure when the second substance is vaporized by the heating means and the pressure when the vapor is discharged into the liquid of the first substance are independently controlled, and the second The vaporization condition of the substance and the discharge condition of the second substance can be different conditions. Therefore, the second substance can be heated under optimum conditions, and the second substance can be discharged without depending on the heating state, and this also makes it possible to generate stable bubbles or droplets.

  With reference to the drawings, preferred embodiments of an apparatus and method for generating bubbles or droplets of other substances in a liquid of a predetermined substance according to the present invention will be described in detail. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. In addition, for the sake of explanation, the liquid of each substance is illustrated by being colored with a screen.

  1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the schematic configuration of the apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a nozzle.

  The device 100 is a device that generates droplets 218 of a substance containing a second substance in a liquid 202 of a first substance. In FIG. 1, oil is used as the first substance and water is used as the second substance. Thus, it is preferable that the boiling point of the second substance is lower than that of the first substance, whereby bubbles or droplets can be stably generated in the first substance. As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus 100 includes a first storage unit 110 that stores a liquid 202 of a first substance, a second storage unit 120 that stores a liquid 212 of a second substance, and a second storage unit 120. A heater 130 serving as a heating means for obtaining a vapor (gas) 214 by heating the liquid 212 of the second substance therein, a conduit 140 for guiding the vapor 214 in the second accommodating portion 120 to the first accommodating portion 110, and a conduit A discharge port 150 that discharges the vapor 214 guided by 140 into the liquid 202 of the first substance in the first storage unit 110, and a discharge control unit 160 that controls the discharge amount of the vapor 214 from the discharge port 150. I have. Then, the initial bubbles 170 formed by being discharged from the discharge port 150 are cooled by the liquid 202 of the first substance, and the droplets 218 are generated. In the present embodiment, the gas discharged from the discharge port 150 is only the vapor 214 of the second substance, and the component in the initial bubble 170 is only the second substance.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the 1st accommodating part 110 is a box-shaped container which opened upwards. The first container 110 is supplied with the liquid 202 of the first substance, and the conduit 140 extends from above to the lower side of the liquid surface of the first substance. A nozzle 142 is provided at the tip of the conduit 140, and the gas in the conduit 140 is discharged downward from the nozzle 142. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the side portion and the lower portion of the first housing portion 110 are covered with a cooling jacket 112. Cooling water 114 flows through the cooling jacket 112, and the temperature of the cooling water can be adjusted. The first housing part 110 is formed with an extraction pipe capable of discharging the internal fluid.

  The second storage unit 120 is a sealed container. A liquid 212 of a second substance is supplied into the second storage unit 120, and a heating unit 132 of the heater 130 is disposed below the second storage unit 120. That is, the liquid 212 stored in the second storage unit 120 is configured to be directly heated by the heating unit 132 of the heater 130. A conduit 140 is connected to the upper side of the second housing part 120. Further, the second storage unit 120 is provided with a pressure gauge 122 that displays the internal pressure. Furthermore, almost the entire portion of the second accommodating portion 120 is covered with a heat insulating jacket 124.

  One end of the conduit 140 communicates with the inside of the second housing part 120, and the other end opens inside the first housing part 110. A detachable nozzle 142 is attached to the distal end of the conduit 140, and the aforementioned discharge port 150 is formed in the nozzle 142. As shown in FIG. 2, the nozzle 142 is formed so that the flow path of the fluid decreases toward the discharge port 150. In the present embodiment, the nozzle 142 is made of a heat insulating material.

  Further, the discharge controller 160 includes a valve 162 provided in the conduit 140, and is configured so that the valve 162 can change the open / closed state of a predetermined portion of the conduit 140. In this embodiment, the valve 162 is manual.

  The apparatus 100 also includes an auxiliary heater 144 that heats the steam 214 in the conduit 140. The auxiliary heater 144 as auxiliary heating means is configured to cover the nozzle 142 side from the valve 162 of the conduit 140. In addition, the apparatus 100 includes a thermal insulation 146 that covers the conduit 140. In the present embodiment, the heat insulating material 146 is configured to cover the second accommodating portion 120 side from the valve 162.

  According to this apparatus 100, when the heater 130 is operated, the liquid 212 of the second substance in the second storage unit 120 boils and becomes the vapor 214, and the pressure in the second storage unit 120 increases. When the pressure in the second storage unit 120 increases, the steam 214 automatically flows through the conduit 140 toward the first storage unit 110. Here, since the 2nd accommodating part 120 is covered with the heat insulation jacket 124, while the heat exchange with the exterior in the 2nd accommodating part 120 is suppressed, while improving the heating efficiency of the heater 130, the change of external atmospheric temperature The temperature change in the 2nd accommodating part 120 by etc. can be suppressed.

  Further, heat exchange between the inside and outside of the conduit 140 is suppressed by the heat insulating material 146, and a temperature drop of the steam 214 in the conduit 140 is suppressed. Since the steam 214 is heated immediately before the discharge of the nozzle 142 from the valve 162, the temperature drop of the steam 214 in the conduit 140 is efficiently suppressed, and the condensation of the steam 214 before the discharge is prevented. Can do.

  When the vapor 214 reaches the discharge port 150 of the nozzle 142, the vapor 214 is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance, and becomes an initial bubble 170 in the liquid 202 of the first substance. At this time, the steam 214 flowing through the nozzle 142 is throttled toward the discharge port 150, and the diameter of the initial bubble 170 to be discharged is reduced due to the increase in the discharge pressure and the decrease in the diameter of the discharge port 150 itself. can do.

  Further, since the discharge amount of the steam 214 is controlled by the discharge control unit 160 and the size of the initial bubble 170 depends on the discharge amount, the diameter of the initial bubble 170 is adjusted using the discharge control unit 160. In the present embodiment, the discharge amount of the steam 214 is controlled by the open / close state of the valve 162, and the adjustment of the diameter of the initial bubble 170 is easy and easy.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the initial bubble 170 of the second substance generated in the liquid 202 of the first substance is separated from the discharge port 150 of the nozzle 142, and then cooled by the first substance to be an interface between the two substances. Condensate from the air, and a two-phase state of bubbles 216 and droplets 218 is obtained. Condensation further proceeds from this state, and droplets 218 of the second substance are generated in the liquid of the first substance. At this time, since the volume of the second substance is drastically reduced due to condensation, minute droplets 218 are generated in the first substance. Specifically, when the bubble 216 changes to the droplet 218, the volume is about 1/1000, so the diameter is about 1/10. As a diameter of the finally obtained droplet, a diameter of about 10 μm has been experimentally confirmed. In this way, the first substance liquid 202 in which the second substance droplets 218 are generated is discharged from the extraction tube and sent to the next process as a product.

  That is, in this method of generating droplets 218 in the first substance liquid 202, the vaporization step of heating the second substance liquid 212 to obtain vapor, and the discharge amount of the vapor 214 obtained in the vaporization step are reduced. A discharge step in which the initial bubble 170 of the vapor 214 is generated by discharging the liquid 214 into the first substance liquid 202 while adjusting, and the initial bubble 170 of the vapor 214 generated in the discharge step is condensed, and the liquid 202 in the first substance is condensed. And a condensing step of obtaining droplets 218 of the second substance.

  Here, when the bubbles 216 of the second substance are condensed, heat is given to the liquid 202 of the first substance, but the outside of the first container 110 is covered with a cooling jacket 112 having a constant internal temperature. It has been broken. Thereby, the temperature of the liquid 202 of the first substance is kept substantially constant, and the generation conditions of the bubbles 216 and the droplets 218 do not fluctuate.

  As described above, according to the apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the second substance is changed from the liquid 212 to the vapor 214 so as to increase the pressure of the second substance itself, so that the mechanical power for generating the droplet 218 is increased. Droplets 218 can be generated without using a source. Therefore, the device 100 can be reduced in weight and size. Further, convection due to the mechanical power source does not occur in the liquid 202 of the first substance, and the droplets 218 can be stably generated under static conditions.

  Moreover, since the diameter of the initial bubble 170 at the time of discharge is adjusted by the discharge control unit 160, the diameter of the finally obtained droplet 218 can be adjusted accurately. Further, by providing the discharge controller 160, the pressure when the second substance is vaporized by the heater 130 and the pressure when the vapor 214 is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance are independently controlled. The vaporization condition of the second substance and the discharge condition of the second substance can be different conditions. Therefore, the second substance can be heated under optimum conditions, and the second substance can be ejected without depending on the heating state, and this also makes it possible to generate stable droplets 218.

  Furthermore, since the steam 214 is guided by the conduit 140, the mutual positional relationship between the first storage unit 110 and the second storage unit 120 can be set relatively freely. Thereby, for example, even when the first container 110 and the second container 120 cannot be brought close to each other due to the requirements of the second substance supply unit, the first substance recovery mechanism, etc., the generation of droplets Will not be disturbed.

In the first embodiment, the second substance liquid 212 is stored in the second storage unit 120 in advance. For example, as shown in FIG. The pump 180 may be continuously refilled into the second storage unit 120. In this case, the second substance liquid 212 in the second container is not exhausted.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in addition to the extraction pipe, an inflow pipe is provided in the first accommodating portion 110, the first substance is supplied from the inflow pipe, and the first substance including the second substance is discharged from the extraction pipe. Also good. In this case as well, the configuration including the cooling jacket 112 as shown in FIG. 3 is preferable. However, for example, if the liquid 202 of the first substance to be replenished in the first storage unit 110 is precooled, the temperature in the first storage unit Therefore, the cooling jacket 112 may be omitted. In addition, by adjusting the replenishment speed of the first substance from the inflow pipe and the discharge speed of the first substance including the second substance from the extraction pipe, the volume of the liquid in the first storage unit 110 can be freely changed. Can do.
In the above-described embodiment, the first substance liquid 202 is stored in the first container 110 in advance. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the flow path of the first substance liquid 202 Alternatively, the initial bubble 170 may be discharged, and the liquid 202 of the first substance in which the droplets 218 are generated may be continuously collected. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the “distribution channel” here refers to the first substance liquid 202 continuously entering the first container 110 a and accompanied by the second substance droplet 218 from the downstream side. This refers to the path of continuous discharge. In this case, the distribution pipe that forms the distribution path forms the first accommodating portion 110a. Also in this system, it is desirable that the first accommodating portion 110a having the structure of the flow pipe has a cooling jacket, but the first substance flowing through the flow pipe as compared with the amount of heat applied from the vapor 214 to the liquid 202 of the first substance. If the amount of heat is sufficiently large, the liquid temperature will not rise so much, so the cooling jacket may be omitted.

  In the first embodiment, the discharge controller 160 is provided with the valve 162. However, the discharge controller 160 may be a shutter that opens and closes the discharge port 150 of the nozzle 142, for example. . That is, the components constituting the discharge control unit 160, the installation locations of the components, and the like are arbitrary. Alternatively, the opening and closing of the valve 162 may be automatically controlled based on the pressure in the second storage unit 120, the heating history of the heater 130, and the like without manually opening and closing the valve 162. In this case, in addition to the pressure and heating history, if the temperature in the second container 120 is also detected, the state of the vapor 214 of the second substance can be grasped in more detail, and the diameter of the droplet 218 can be determined. Accuracy and the like can be improved.

  In the first embodiment, one gas flow path in the nozzle 142 is shown. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the nozzle 148 has a plurality of pores 148a, and the first substance The vapor 214 may be diffused and discharged into the liquid 202. FIG. 5 shows a case where a plurality of gas flow paths of the nozzle 148 exist radially and the initial bubbles 170 are discharged separately from each other. In addition, a porous member having a plurality of pores may be provided at the discharge port 150 so that the vapor 214 is dispersed and discharged.

  Moreover, in 1st Embodiment, the 2nd accommodating part 120 side was covered with the heat insulating material 146 from the valve | bulb 162 in the conduit | pipe 140, and the discharge port 150 side was covered with the auxiliary heater 144 in the conduit | pipe 140. However, for example, the conduit 140 may be entirely covered by the heat insulating material 146, or the conduit 140 may be entirely covered by the auxiliary heater 144. Moreover, the structure of the auxiliary heater 144 and the heat insulating material 146 is arbitrary. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary heater 144 and the heat insulating material 146 may be omitted if the system has little influence on the generation state of the droplets 218. Furthermore, the configuration of the heating means, the cooling jacket 112, the heat insulation jacket 124, etc. is arbitrary, and the heat insulation jacket 124 may not be provided as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of the apparatus.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the apparatus 300 is an apparatus that generates bubbles 224 and droplets 218 of other substances in a liquid 202 of a predetermined substance. In FIG. 6, oil is used as the first substance, water is used as the second substance, and air is used as the third substance. As shown in FIG. 6, the apparatus 300 includes a supply unit 310 that supplies the second substance gas 222 to the second storage unit 120 in addition to the configuration of the apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, and includes a liquid of the first substance. A gas mixture of the second substance and the third substance is discharged into 202.

  The supply unit 310 includes a gas cylinder 312 in which the gas 222 of the third substance is stored, a connection pipe 314 that connects the gas cylinder 312 and the second storage unit 120, a main plug valve 316 and a flow rate adjustment valve 318 provided in the connection pipe 314. And having. The gas cylinder 312 as a gas container is filled with air having a pressure higher than that of atmospheric pressure. When the valves 316 and 318 are open, the air flows into the second accommodating portion 120. ing. That is, the inside of the second storage unit 120 is filled with a mixed gas 242 of the vapor 214 of the second substance and the gas 222 of the third substance.

  In the apparatus 300 configured as described above, when the mixed gas 242 of the second substance and the third substance is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance, the initial bubbles 170 in which the second substance and the third substance are mixed are formed. After being generated, the second substance is condensed and the portion of the second substance becomes a droplet 218. In this system, since the air as the third substance is not condensed, the third substance becomes a bubble 224 in the droplet 218 of the second substance, so that the droplet 218 and the bubble 224 are in a two-phase state. It has been confirmed that a two-phase body (two-phase bubble) of the droplet 218 and the bubble 224 can be obtained with a diameter of about 25 μm under predetermined experimental conditions.

  That is, in the method of obtaining the two-phase bubbles, in addition to the vaporization step, the discharge step, and the condensation step described in the first embodiment, the second substance vapor 214 and the third substance gas 222 obtained in the vaporization step are used. It can be said that the process includes a mixing step of mixing. Then, an initial bubble 170 of the mixed gas 242 of the second substance and the third substance is generated in the liquid 202 of the first substance in the discharge process, and the vapor 214 of the second substance in the initial bubble 170 in the condensation process. Is condensed to obtain a second material droplet 218 containing bubbles 224 of the third material in the liquid 202 of the first material.

  As described above, in the apparatus 300 according to the present embodiment, the droplet 218 can be generated without using a mechanical power source for generating the droplet 218, as in the first embodiment. The weight can be reduced and the size can be reduced, and the convection due to the mechanical power source is not generated in the liquid 202 of the first substance, and the droplet 218 can be stably generated under a static condition. Can do.

  Moreover, since the diameter of the initial bubble 170 at the time of discharge is adjusted by the discharge control unit 160, the diameter of the droplet 218 and the bubble 224 that are finally obtained can be adjusted accurately. Also in the present embodiment, the pressure at which the heater 130 vaporizes the second substance and the pressure at which the second substance is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance are independently controlled, so that stable droplets 218 and bubbles are stable. 224 can be generated. Furthermore, the mutual positional relationship between the first housing part 110 and the second housing part 120 can be set relatively freely.

  In the second embodiment, the non-condensed material is selected as the third material. However, a condensed material may be selected as the third material. In this case, two-phase droplets of the second substance and the third substance are obtained.

  Further, these mixed bubbles may be obtained without condensing the second substance and the third substance. In particular, when gases that react with each other are selected as the second substance and the third substance, the following effects are obtained. First, since the field of reaction between the second substance and the third substance is confined within the bubbles surrounded by the dispersion medium, the reaction is prevented from proceeding explosively, and the safety of the reactor Can be improved. Secondly, since the size of the bubbles serving as a reaction field can be controlled with high accuracy, when applied to suspension polymerization, the particle size and properties of the resulting polymer can be made uniform.

  Moreover, you may select what melt | dissolves in the liquid 202 of a 1st substance as a 2nd substance or the said 3rd substance. In this case, the second substance or the third substance is dissolved and dispersed in the liquid of the first substance. When the second substance is dissolved, droplets or bubbles mainly containing the third substance are generated. When the third substance is dissolved, droplets or bubbles mainly containing the second substance are generated. In this way, since the second substance or the third substance is dissolved in the first substance, the generated droplets or bubbles can be remarkably reduced. Also in this case, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, it is possible to control the diameter of the generated droplets or bubbles, which is extremely advantageous in practical use.

  Furthermore, a substance that liquefies or solidifies by a chemical reaction with the liquid of the first substance may be selected as the second substance or the third substance. In this case, at least a part of the second substance or the third substance constituting the initial bubble is liquefied or solidified by a chemical reaction with the liquid of the first substance. As a result, the diameter of the generated droplet or bubble is reduced. Smaller than that of initial bubbles. Also in this case, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, it is possible to control the diameter of the generated droplets or bubbles, which is extremely advantageous in practical use.

  In the second embodiment, the gas cylinder 312 is used as the gas container. However, the gas 222 of the third substance does not need to be sealed at a high pressure. For example, the gas container is a gas at normal pressure. 222 may be accommodated, and the gas 222 of the third substance may be sent out to the second accommodating part 120 side by a fan or the like.

  Moreover, in 2nd Embodiment, although the gas 222 of the 3rd substance was guide | induced to the 2nd accommodating part 120, the structure guided to the conduit | pipe 140 may be sufficient, for example. Further, the second substance and the third substance may be continuously supplied, and the first substance may be continuously recovered.

  FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of the apparatus.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the device 400 is a device that generates bubbles 224 of other substances in the liquid 202 of a predetermined substance. In FIG. 7, water is used as the first substance and the second substance, and air is used as the third substance. As shown in FIG. 7, the apparatus 400 is the same as that of the apparatus 300 of 2nd Embodiment except the point which changed the 1st substance from oil to water. In other words, a supply unit 310 that supplies a gas 222 of the third substance to the second storage unit 120 is provided, and a mixed gas of the second substance and the third substance is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance. .

  In the apparatus 400 configured as described above, when the mixed gas 252 of the second substance and the third substance is discharged into the liquid 202 of the first substance, as in the second embodiment, the second substance and the second substance are discharged. After the initial bubble 170 in which the three substances are mixed is generated, the second substance is condensed and the second substance portion becomes a droplet. Here, the size of the initial bubble 170 is determined by factors such as the shape of the nozzle 142 and the discharge amount. However, there is a certain limit to the reduction in bubble size because there are restrictions on adjusting these factors. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize bubble miniaturization exceeding such a limit. In the present embodiment, the first substance contained in the initial bubble 170 condenses in the liquid 202 in the process in which the initial bubble 170 generated at the nozzle tip is dispersed in the liquid (dispersion medium) 202 of the first substance. Since the liquid 202 is also composed of the first substance, eventually, a part of the initial bubble 170 is assimilated with the liquid 202, and as a result, the initial bubble 170 is reduced in the liquid 202. In FIG. 7, for the purpose of explanation, only the volume fraction occupied by the second substance is illustrated as a colored state different from the first substance. In this way, the volume of the second substance droplet 218 becomes the volume of the first substance liquid 202 as it is, so that the bubbles 224 of the third substance can be made much smaller. Also, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the second substance and the third substance, the diameter of the bubbles 224 of the third substance can be controlled, which is extremely advantageous in practical use. It has been confirmed that the bubble 224 having a diameter of about 8 μm can be obtained under predetermined experimental conditions.

  The method for obtaining the bubbles 224 includes the vaporization step, the discharge step, the mixing step, and the condensation step described in the second embodiment, wherein the first substance and the second substance are the same substance, and the first substance is used in the condensation step. It can be said that this is a method of obtaining bubbles 224 of the third substance in the liquid 202.

  In the third embodiment, the non-condensed material is selected as the third material. However, the condensed material may be selected as the third material. In this case, a droplet of the third substance is obtained.

  Also in the third embodiment, the gas container may be stored at normal pressure, or the gas 222 of the third substance may be guided to the conduit 140. Further, the second substance and the third substance may be continuously supplied, and the first substance may be continuously recovered.

  In the first to third embodiments, a recovery mechanism for recovering the condensate generated in the conduit 140 may be provided, or a main plug may be provided on the second accommodating portion 120 side of the conduit 140. Of course, the specific detailed structure and the like can be appropriately changed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of an apparatus for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid. It is sectional drawing of a nozzle. It is schematic structure explanatory drawing of the apparatus which shows a modification. It is schematic structure explanatory drawing of the apparatus which shows a modification. It is sectional drawing of the nozzle which shows a modification. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration explanatory view of an apparatus for generating bubbles or liquid droplets in a liquid according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration explanatory view of an apparatus for generating bubbles or liquid droplets in a liquid according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Device which produces | generates bubble or droplet in liquid 110 1st accommodating part 110a 1st accommodating part 112 Cooling jacket 114 Cooling water 120 2nd accommodating part 122 Pressure gauge 124 Thermal insulation jacket 130 Heater 132 Heating part 140 Conduit 142 Nozzle 144 Auxiliary Heater 146 Heat insulating material 148 Nozzle 148a Fine hole 150 Discharge port 160 Discharge control unit 162 Valve 170 Initial bubble 180 Pump 202 First substance liquid 212 Second substance liquid 214 Second substance vapor 216 Second substance bubble 218 Second Droplet of substance 222 Gas of third substance 224 Bubble of third substance 242 Mixed gas 300 Apparatus for generating bubbles or droplets in liquid 310 Supply unit 312 Gas cylinder 314 Connecting pipe 316 Main plug valve 318 Flow rate adjustment valve 400 In liquid Bubble or liquid To generate a device

Claims (16)

An apparatus for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid of a first substance,
A first accommodating portion for accommodating the liquid of the first substance;
A second storage section for storing a liquid of the second substance;
Heating means for heating the liquid of the second substance in the second storage portion to vapor;
A conduit for guiding the gas containing the vapor in the second housing portion to the first housing portion;
A supply section for supplying a gas of a third substance to the second storage section or the conduit;
A discharge port for discharging the gas guided by the conduit into the liquid of the first substance in the first accommodating portion;
A discharge control unit that controls a discharge amount of gas at the discharge port;
With
A gas mixture of the second substance and the third substance is discharged from the discharge port into the liquid of the first substance, and the initial bubbles formed by the discharge are cooled by the liquid of the first substance. An apparatus configured to generate the bubble or the droplet.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge control unit includes a valve provided in the conduit.   The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising auxiliary heating means for heating the steam in the conduit.   4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the auxiliary heating means heats the steam downstream from the valve in the conduit.   The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat insulating material covering the conduit. The first substance and the second substance are the same substance,
Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said discharged from the discharge port the second substance is merged with the liquid of the liquefied with the first material. In the liquid of the first material, apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that bubbles of the third material is produced. Wherein in the liquid of the first material, apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the droplets of the third material is produced. The supply unit
A gas container in which the gas of the third substance is stored;
A connecting pipe connecting the gas container and the second housing part or the conduit;
Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has a, a valve provided in the connecting pipe. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the second substance or the third substance is selected to be soluble in the liquid of the first substance. Wherein the second material or the third material, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that one of liquefying or solidifying is selected by liquid chemically reacts with the first material. The discharge port A device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is formed in the nozzle provided at the front end of the conduit. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the nozzle has a plurality of pores and disperses and discharges the vapor in the liquid of the first substance. The apparatus according to claim 12 or 13 , wherein the nozzle is formed so that a diameter of a flow path of the gas is reduced toward the discharge port. A method for generating bubbles or droplets in a liquid of a first substance, comprising:
A vaporization step of heating the liquid of the second substance to obtain vapor;
A mixing step of mixing the vapor of the second substance and the gas of the third substance obtained in the vaporization step;
A discharge step of generating an initial bubble of the mixed gas by discharging the mixed gas of the second substance and the third substance obtained in the mixing step into the liquid of the first substance while adjusting a discharge amount. When,
The liquid of the second substance, in which the vapor of the second substance in the initial bubble generated in the discharging step is condensed and the bubbles or droplets of the third substance are included in the liquid of the first substance. A condensing step to obtain drops . The first substance and the second substance are the same substance,
The method according to claim 15 , wherein in the condensing step, bubbles or droplets of the third substance are obtained in the liquid of the first substance.

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