JP4045169B2 - Explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious cured body and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious cured body and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体およびその製造方法に関し、特に、火災時において高強度セメント質硬化体に生じる爆裂を改良した耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体およびその製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、通常のコンクリートに比べ圧縮強度が著しく改良された高強度セメント質硬化体が開発され、様々な構造物への適用が期待されている。
しかしながら、その高強度セメント質硬化体が緻密質であるために、その周辺で火災が発生し高熱状態になり、該硬化体内部の水が水蒸気に変化し体積を膨張させても、外部へ飛散できず蓄積されて膨張圧が高まり、ついには爆裂を起こし該硬化体自体を部分的・全体的に破壊する、という現象が生じる。
このように、高強度セメント質硬化体は、高強度を具備する一方で、火災安全性に対する信頼性が低い、という問題点を有していた。
【０００３】
セメント質硬化体に対する火災時の爆裂防止手段として、圧縮強度105N/mm2のコンクリート製プレハブ部材について、火災暴露したときに、150〜300℃の温度で軟化、収縮、溶融、または分解して毛細管孔を形成できる材料として、直径が0.003〜0.35mm、長さ5〜35mmの有機繊維（例；ポリプロピレン繊維）をコンクリート1m3について0.05〜1容量％含有させることにより、耐スポーリング性を改良する方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特許第２６２０９１０号公報（第３頁）
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来技術は、圧縮強度が比較的低い105N/mm2以下のセメント質硬化体を対象として、その原材料に有機繊維を混入することにより、該硬化体の耐スポーリング性を改良するものである。
しかし、この方法では、105N/mm2を越える高強度を期待して設計された原材料に該有機繊維を添加し製造された硬化体は、緻密過ぎて火災熱による毛細管孔の形成が不十分なために爆裂する、という問題を有していた。
【０００６】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点、知見に鑑みなされたものであって、その目的は、圧縮強度が105MPaを越える高強度セメント質硬化体について、
・火災熱による爆裂性を改良（爆裂防止）すること
にあり、もって火災に対する安全性を向上させた耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、特定の直径を有する有機質繊維を特定量添加することにより、爆裂性を改良（爆裂防止）することができることを見いだし、本発明を完成させたものである。
【０００８】
即ち、本発明は、圧縮強度が１０５ Ｍ Ｐａ を越える高強度セメント質硬化体を製造する配合物に、有機質繊維として、直径が０．００５ ｍ ｍ 以上０．０４ ｍｍ 未満のもののみを０ ．３ 体積％ 以上１０ 体積％ 以下添加したのち、混練し成形し硬化させたものであることを特徴とする耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体である 。
【０００９】
また、本発明は、圧縮強度が１０５ Ｍ Ｐａを越える高強度セメント質硬化体を製造する配合物に、有機質繊維として、直径が０．００５ ｍ ｍ 以上０ ．０４ ｍｍ 未満のもののみを０．３ 体積％ 以上１０ 体積％ 以下添加したのち、混練し成形し硬化させることを特徴とする耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体の製造方法である。前記有機質繊維としては、長さが５０ｍｍ以下である有機質繊維、長さが異なる有機質繊維を組み合わせたものを使用することができる。そして、長さが異なる有機質繊維を組み合わせたものとしては、長さ５ｍｍ 未満のもの、および、５〜３０ｍｍ のもので構成され、かつ、それらの割合（体積比） が０ ．１ 〜 ２０ ：１ である有機質繊維が好ましい。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体は、大まかに言えば、圧縮強度が105MPa、特に110MPaを越えるような高強度セメント質硬化体を製造するために予め配合設計されたセメント配合物に、特定の直径を有する有機質繊維を特定量添加して製造された硬化体であって、圧縮強度のある程度の低下を認めつつ、耐爆裂性を改良させた硬化体である。
耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体は、その用途にもよるが圧縮強度が90MPa以上発現することが望ましい。
【００１１】
耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体は、有機質繊維が均一に分散されているために、火災熱によって硬化体内部に容易に毛細管孔が形成され、逐次発生する水蒸気を誘導・飛散させ、膨張圧を上昇させず、また、硬化体に不規則な熱応力を生じさせないので、爆裂が発生することはない。
有機質繊維の直径は、硬化体製造時の作業性や爆裂防止効果の点から、0.005mm以上0.04mm未満が好ましい。
【００１２】
有機質繊維の割合は、配合物に対して0.3体積％以上10体積％以下の範囲にすることが重要である。0.3体積％未満の場合、有機質繊維の量が過少なために爆裂防止効果が低下するので、逆に、10体積％を越える場合、硬化体の圧縮強度が極端に低下するほか製造時における作業性も低下するので、いずれの場合も好ましくない。
有機質繊維の好ましい割合は、製造時の作業性、コストなどの観点から0.4体積％以上2.0体積％以下、より好ましいのは0.5体積％以上1.5体積％以下である。
【００１３】
本発明においては、有機質繊維は、長さが50mm以下である有機質繊維を用いることができる。
該繊維の入手のし易さ、硬化体製造時の作業性（例；成形時における打設の難易）、混練時におけるファイバーボール形成の防止などの観点を考慮すると、より好ましい繊維長は0.5〜30mm、さらに好ましいのは0.5〜5.0mm、特に好ましいのは1.0〜3.0mmである。
【００１４】
本発明においては、有機質繊維は、長さが異なる有機質繊維を組み合わせたものを用いることができる。なお、「長さが異なる」とは、該繊維を適当な長さで群分け（グループ分け）することを意味する。
長さが異なる有機質繊維の組み合わせは、該繊維の入手のし易さ、硬化体製造時の作業性（例；成形時における打設の難易）、混練時におけるファイバーボール形成の防止などの観点から、繊維長さが▲１▼5mm未満のもの、および、▲２▼5〜30mmのものを組み合わせることが好ましい。前者（▲１▼）でより好ましい長さは0.5〜4.0mm、さらに好ましいのは1.0〜3.0mmであり、後者（▲２▼）でより好ましい長さは5.5〜20mm、さらに好ましいのは6.0〜10.0mmである。それらの割合（体積比）は、硬化体製造時の作業性（例；成形時における打設の難易）、混練時におけるファイバーボール形成の防止などの観点から、前者（▲１▼）：後者（▲２▼）が0.1〜20：1が好ましく、より好ましくは1〜10：1、さらに好ましいのは1.5〜8：1である。
【００１５】
有機質繊維は、火災熱（具体的には、300℃以下の温度）を受けて分解、溶融などにより硬化体中の水蒸気が容易に移動できる大きさの毛細管孔を形成させることのできる繊維である。
そのような繊維として、天然繊維、合成繊維いずれも使用でき、好ましくは合成繊維である。合成繊維は、具体的に、ビニロン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、アラミド繊維などが挙げられる。
また、有機質繊維は、２種以上の混合繊維であっても良く、爆裂防止効果の点から、ビニロン繊維および／またはポリプロピレン繊維が好ましい。
【００１６】
耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体を製造するために用いる原材料（有機質繊維を除く）および配合、混練・成形・養生の各方法（製造方法）は、従来の高強度セメント質硬化体を製造する場合と同じであり、それらについて限定するものではない。
【００１７】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
１．使用材料
１）セメント；▲１▼普通ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント（株）製）
▲２▼低熱ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント（株）製）
２）シリカフューム（平均粒径0.25μｍ）
３）骨材 ；▲１▼細骨材；珪砂５号
▲２▼粗骨材；砕石２００５
４）金属繊維；鋼繊維（直径0.2mm、長さ15mm）
５）減水剤；ポリカルボン酸系高性能ＡＥ減水剤
６）水；水道水
７）石英粉末（平均粒径７μｍ）
８）高炉スラグ粉末（平均粒径７μｍ）
９）有機質繊維；▲１▼長さ1.0〜3.0mmのビニロン繊維（直径0.02mm）
▲２▼長さ6.0mmのビニロン繊維（直径0.02mm）
▲３▼長さ15.0mmのビニロン繊維（直径0.02mm）
【００１８】
表１に示す配合割合で、上記材料をニ軸練りミキサに投入して、モルタル・コンクリートの各混練物を調製した。
【００１９】
【表１】
得られた各混練物およびその硬化体について、下記の特性を測定した。
１）モルタル（No.１〜15）
▲１▼フロー値：「JIS R 5201（セメントの物理試験方法）11.フロー試験」に記載される方法において、15回の落下運動を行わないで測定した。
▲２▼圧縮強度：有機質繊維を添加した場合および無添加の場合のそれぞれのモルタル混練物をφ50×100mmの型枠に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後90℃で48時間蒸気養生し、得た該硬化体の圧縮強度（３本の平均値）を測定した。
▲３▼爆裂：全てのモルタル混練物をφ50×100mmの型枠に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後90℃で48時間蒸気養生して得た硬化体を電気炉（30kW）に挿入し１時間で1000℃まで昇温させ冷却させたのち、爆裂の有無を観察した。
【００２１】
１）コンクリート（No.16〜20）
▲１▼スランプ：「JIS R 1101（コンクリートのスランプ試験方法）」に準じて測定した。
▲２▼圧縮強度：有機質繊維を添加したそれぞれのコンクリート混練物をφ10×20cmの型枠に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後90℃で48時間蒸気養生し、得た該硬化体の圧縮強度（３本の平均値）を測定した。
▲３▼爆裂：全てのコンクリート混練物をφ10×20cmの型枠に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後90℃で48時間蒸気養生して得た硬化体を電気炉（30kW）に挿入し１時間で1000℃まで昇温させ冷却させたのち、爆裂の有無を観察した。
モルタル・コンクリートの測定結果を表２に示す。
【００２２】
【表２】
表２より、
１）試験例１〜13、および16〜19から、圧縮強度が105MPaを越える高強度セメント質硬化体製造用の配合物に、本発明で規定する量の有機質繊維を添加し製造したモルタル・コンクリート硬化体は、爆裂の形跡が認められず、目的を達成できることが判明した。
一方、
２）試験例14および19から、有機質繊維が無添加の場合および0.1体積％添加した場合のモルタル・コンクリート硬化体は、爆裂が認められた。
また、試験例15から、有機質繊維の添加量が過多の場合は、爆裂は起こらなかったものの、混練物の流動性および圧縮強度とが急激に低下し、好ましい配合でないことが確認された。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の耐爆裂性高強度セメント質硬化体は、高強度セメント質硬化体製造用の配合物に、直径が0.005mm以上0.04mm未満の有機質繊維を0.3体積％以上10体積％（外割）以下添加してなる硬化体およびその製造方法を特徴とし、これにより、
高強度セメント質硬化体の耐爆裂性の向上（爆裂防止）という効果を奏し、もって、火災に対する安全性を向上することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to an explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body with improved explosion that occurs in a high-strength cementitious hardened body and a method for producing the same .
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a high-strength cementitious hardened body with significantly improved compressive strength compared to ordinary concrete has been developed and is expected to be applied to various structures.
However, because the high-strength hardened cementitious body is dense, a fire occurs in the vicinity and it becomes a high heat state. Even if the water inside the hardened body changes to water vapor and expands its volume, it is scattered outside. The expansion pressure is increased due to the failure to be accumulated, and finally, a phenomenon occurs in which explosion occurs and the cured body itself is partially or totally destroyed.
As described above, the high-strength cementitious cured body has a problem that it has high strength but has low reliability with respect to fire safety.
[0003]
A concrete prefabricated member with a compressive strength of 105 N / mm 2 is softened, shrunk, melted, or decomposed at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C when exposed to a fire as a means of preventing explosions in case of fire on hardened cementitious materials. as a material capable of forming a hole, a diameter 0.003～0.35Mm, organic fiber length 5 to 35 mm; by containing 0.05 to 1% by volume for (eg polypropylene fibers) concrete 1 m 3, to improve the spalling resistance A method is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2620910 (page 3)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned prior art is intended to improve the spalling resistance of the hardened body by mixing organic fibers in the raw material for a cementitious hardened body having a relatively low compressive strength of 105 N / mm 2 or less. .
However, in this method, the cured product produced by adding the organic fiber to the raw material designed with a high strength exceeding 105 N / mm 2 is too dense to form capillary holes due to fire heat. It had the problem of exploding.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems and knowledge of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a high-strength hardened cementitious body with a compressive strength exceeding 105 MPa.
The purpose is to provide an explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body with improved safety against fire and to improve the explosive property due to fire heat (explosion prevention), and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that the explosive property can be improved (explosion prevention) by adding a specific amount of organic fiber having a specific diameter. Was completed.
[0008]
That is, the present invention provides a compound for producing a high-strength cementitious hardened body having a compressive strength exceeding 105 MPa, and has a diameter of 0.005 as an organic fiber. m m 0.04 or more mm Only less than 0. An explosion-resistant, high-strength cementitious hardened body obtained by adding 3 vol% to 10 vol% and then kneading, molding and curing.
[0009]
In addition, the present invention provides a compound for producing a high-strength cementitious hardened body having a compressive strength exceeding 105 MPa as an organic fiber having a diameter of 0.005. m m 0 or more . 04 mm This is a method for producing an explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body, wherein only 0.3% by volume or less and 10% by volume or less are added, and then kneaded, molded and cured. As said organic fiber, what combined the organic fiber whose length is 50 mm or less and the organic fiber from which length differs can be used. And as what combined the organic fiber from which length differs, it is comprised with a thing less than 5 mm in length and 5-30 mm, and those ratios (volume ratio) are 0. Organic fibers that are 1 to 20: 1 are preferred.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The explosive-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body of the present invention can be roughly classified into a cement compound that has been pre-designed to produce a high-strength cementitious hardened body having a compressive strength exceeding 105 MPa, particularly 110 MPa. A cured product produced by adding a specific amount of an organic fiber having a specific diameter, which has improved explosion resistance while observing a certain decrease in compressive strength.
It is desirable that the explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body develops a compressive strength of 90 MPa or more depending on its use.
[0011]
Explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened bodies are uniformly dispersed with organic fibers, so capillary holes are easily formed inside the hardened bodies due to fire heat, and the generated water vapor is induced and scattered to expand the expansion pressure. Does not increase, and does not cause irregular thermal stress on the cured body, so that no explosion occurs.
The diameter of the organic fiber is preferably 0.005 mm or more and less than 0.04 mm from the viewpoint of workability at the time of producing a cured body and an explosion preventing effect.
[0012]
It is important that the ratio of the organic fiber is in the range of 0.3 volume% or more and 10 volume% or less with respect to the blend. If the amount is less than 0.3% by volume, the explosion prevention effect is reduced because the amount of organic fibers is too small. Conversely, if the amount exceeds 10% by volume, the compressive strength of the cured product is extremely reduced and the workability during production is reduced. In either case, it is not preferable.
A desirable ratio of the organic fiber is 0.4% by volume or more and 2.0% by volume or less, and more preferably 0.5% by volume or more and 1.5% by volume or less from the viewpoint of workability and cost during production.
[0013]
In the present invention, organic fibers having a length of 50 mm or less can be used as the organic fibers.
In view of easy availability of the fiber, workability at the time of producing a cured body (eg, difficulty in placing at the time of molding), prevention of fiber ball formation at the time of kneading, a more preferable fiber length is 0.5 to 30 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0 mm, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm.
[0014]
In the present invention, organic fibers having a combination of organic fibers having different lengths can be used. “Different in length” means that the fibers are grouped (grouped) with an appropriate length.
The combination of organic fibers having different lengths is from the viewpoints of easy availability of the fibers, workability at the time of producing a cured body (eg, difficulty in placing at the time of molding), and prevention of fiber ball formation at the time of kneading. It is preferable to combine those having a fiber length of less than (1) 5 mm and (2) 5 to 30 mm. In the former (1), a more preferable length is 0.5 to 4.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm, and in the latter (2), a more preferable length is 5.5 to 20 mm, and further preferably 6.0 to 3.0 mm. 10.0mm. The ratio (volume ratio) is determined by the former (1): the latter (from the viewpoint of workability at the time of producing a cured body (eg, difficulty in placing at the time of molding) and prevention of fiber ball formation at the time of kneading). (2)) is preferably from 0.1 to 20: 1, more preferably from 1 to 10: 1, and even more preferably from 1.5 to 8: 1.
[0015]
Organic fiber is a fiber that can form capillary holes with a size that allows water vapor in the cured body to easily move by decomposition, melting, etc. under fire heat (specifically, a temperature of 300 ° C. or less). .
As such fiber, both natural fiber and synthetic fiber can be used, and synthetic fiber is preferable. Specific examples of the synthetic fiber include vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, and aramid fiber.
Further, the organic fiber may be a mixed fiber of two or more types, and vinylon fiber and / or polypropylene fiber are preferable from the viewpoint of the explosion preventing effect.
[0016]
Raw materials (excluding organic fibers) used to produce explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened materials and blending, kneading, molding, and curing methods (manufacturing methods) produce conventional high-strength cementitious hardened materials. It is the same as the case, and it is not limited about them.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
1. Materials used 1) Cement; (1) Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
(2) Low heat Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
2) Silica fume (average particle size 0.25μm)
3) Aggregate; (1) Fine aggregate; Silica sand No. 5 (2) Coarse aggregate; Crushed stone 2005
4) Metal fiber: Steel fiber (diameter 0.2mm, length 15mm)
5) Water reducing agent; polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance AE water reducing agent 6) Water; tap water 7) Quartz powder (average particle size 7 μm)
8) Blast furnace slag powder (average particle size 7μm)
9) Organic fiber: (1) Vinylon fiber with a length of 1.0-3.0mm (diameter 0.02mm)
(2) 6.0mm length vinylon fiber (0.02mm diameter)
(3) Vinylon fiber with a length of 15.0mm (0.02mm diameter)
[0018]
The above materials were put into a biaxial mixer at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare mortar / concrete kneaded materials.
[0019]
[Table 1]
The following characteristics were measured for each kneaded product and its cured product.
1) Mortar (No. 1-15)
{Circle around (1)} Flow Value: Measured without performing 15 drop motions in the method described in “JIS R 5201 (Cement physical test method) 11. Flow test”.
(2) Compressive strength: Each mortar kneaded product with and without organic fibers poured into a 50 mm x 100 mm mold, pre-set at 20 ° C for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C for 48 hours. Further, the compression strength (average value of three) of the cured body was measured.
(3) Explosion: All the mortar kneaded material is poured into a mold of φ50 × 100mm, placed at 20 ° C for 48 hours, then steam-cured at 90 ° C for 48 hours, and inserted into an electric furnace (30kW). After raising the temperature to 1000 ° C. over time and cooling, the presence or absence of explosion was observed.
[0021]
1) Concrete (No.16 ~ 20)
(1) Slump: Measured according to “JIS R 1101 (Concrete slump test method)”.
(2) Compressive strength: Each concrete kneaded material added with organic fibers is poured into a mold of φ10 × 20cm, placed at 20 ° C for 48 hours, then steam-cured at 90 ° C for 48 hours. (Average value of three) was measured.
(3) Explosion: All the concrete kneaded material is poured into a φ10 × 20cm formwork, placed at 20 ° C for 48 hours, then steam-cured at 90 ° C for 48 hours, and inserted into an electric furnace (30kW). After raising the temperature to 1000 ° C. over time and cooling, the presence or absence of explosion was observed.
Table 2 shows the measurement results of mortar and concrete.
[0022]
[Table 2]
From Table 2,
1) Mortar / concrete produced from Test Examples 1 to 13 and 16 to 19 by adding an organic fiber in an amount specified in the present invention to a compound for producing a high-strength cementitious hardened body having a compressive strength exceeding 105 MPa. The cured body was found to be able to achieve its purpose with no evidence of explosion.
on the other hand,
2) From Test Examples 14 and 19, explosion was observed in the hardened mortar and concrete when the organic fiber was not added and when 0.1% by volume was added.
From Test Example 15, it was confirmed that when the amount of the organic fiber added was excessive, explosion did not occur, but the fluidity and compressive strength of the kneaded material were drastically decreased, and the blending was not preferred.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the explosion-resistant high-strength cementitious hardened body of the present invention contains 0.3% by volume or more of organic fibers having a diameter of 0.005 mm or more and less than 0.04 mm in a composition for producing a high-strength cementitious hardened body. Characterized by a hardened body added by volume% (outside percent) or less and its manufacturing method,
The effect of improving the explosion resistance (explosion prevention) of the high-strength cementitious hardened body can be obtained, thereby improving the safety against fire.
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